Calculation of The Moment Resistance of Z - and C-Shaped Cold-Formed Sections According To Eurocode 3

Calculation of the moment resistance
of Z- and C-shaped cold-formed sections

according to Eurocode 3
Eurocode 3 version:
EN1993-1-3: 20XX, Final Draft, 27 September 2002
prepared by
Sandor ADANY
December 2003.
Sandor ADANY Moment resistance for Z-C sections EN1993-1-3, Final Draft
code for production mode (1:rolled, 2:pressed)
prod_mod 1 :=
reduction for design thickness
t 0mm :=
partial safety factor
M0
1 :=
Other input data
Poisson ratio
0.3 :=
modulus of elasticity
E 210000MPa :=
ultimate strength
f
u
642.2MPa :=
basic yield strength
f
yb
507.4MPa :=
Input material data
Section name: D11.5Z082-4
Input geometrical data
t
g
2.06mm :=
h
g
290mm :=
b
g1
86mm :=
b
g2
87mm :=
c
g1
22mm :=
c
g2
22mm :=
1
130.1 :=
2
131.6 :=
r
11
5.94mm :=
r
12
5.94mm :=
r
21
5.94mm :=
r
22
5.94mm :=
ZC 1 :=
ZC = 1 for C, -1 for Z section
2
c
2
21.54mm = c
1
21.52mm =
b
2
85.51mm = b
1
84.49mm =
h 287.94 mm =
t t
g
t :=
c
2
c
g2

2
:=
c
1
c
g1

1
:=
b
2
b
g2
t
g
2

2
:=
b
1
b
g1
t
g
2

1
:=
h h
g
t
g
:=
2
t
g
2
tan
2
( )
:=
1
t
g
2
tan
1
( )
:=
2

2
( )
2
:=
1

1
( )
2
:=
2

2

180
:=
1

1

180
:=
Calculation for cross-section mid-line data
3
c
p2
21.26mm = c
p2
c
2
g
r22
:=
c
p1
21.22mm = c
p1
c
1
g
r12
:=
h
p
283.86 mm = h
p
h g
r11
g
r21
:=
b
p2
83.19mm = b
p2
b
2
g
r21
g
r22
:=
b
p1
82.15mm = b
p1
b
1
g
r11
g
r12
:=
Nominal plate widths:
g
r22
0.28 mm =
g
r21
2.04 mm =
g
r12
0.30 mm =
g
r11
2.04 mm =
g
r22
r
22
t
g
2
+
|
\
|
.
tan
2
( )
sin
2
( )
( )
:=
g
r21
r
21
t
g
2
+
|
\
|
.
tan

4
|
\
|
.
sin

4
|
\
|
.
\
|
.
:=
g
r12
r
12
t
g
2
+
|
\
|
.
tan
1
( )
sin
1
( )
( )
:=
g
r11
r
11
t
g
2
+
|
\
|
.
tan

4
|
\
|
.
sin

4
|
\
|
.
\
|
.
:=
Gaps at the corners
Calculation of nominal plate dimensions
4
Co-ordinate system and numbering for the section properties calculation
Co-ordinates of the nominal gross cross-section
elem x_start x_end y_start y_end x_CG y_CG
# mm mm mm mm mm mm
1 -84.69 -98.35 0.23 16.46 -91.52 8.35
2 -2.04 -84.19 0.00 0.00 -43.11 0.00
3 0.00 0.00 2.04 285.90 0.00 143.97
4 2.04 85.23 287.94 287.94 43.64 287.94
5 85.69 99.81 287.73 271.83 92.75 279.78
5
W
y.g
15740mm
3
=
Elastic section modulus about y:
W
x.g
86700mm
3
=
Elastic section modulus about x:
y
max
288.97 mm =
Max extreme fibre distance in y-dir:
y
min
1.03 mm =
Min extreme fibre distance in y-dir:
x
min
99.14 mm =
Min extreme fibre distance in x-dir:
x
max
100.58 mm =
Max extreme fibre distance in x-dir:
I
y
1579323mm
4
= I
y
I
y
A
g
x
CG.g
2
:=
Moment of inertia about y:
I
x
12599726 mm
4
= I
x
I
x
A
g
y
CG.g
2
:=
Moment of inertia about x:
y
CG.g
144.30 mm = y
CG.g
S
x
A
g
:=
Mass center in y-dir
x
CG.g
0.24 mm = x
CG.g
S
y
A
g
:=
Mass center in x-dir:
A
g
1013 mm
2
=
Gross area:
s t A y
CG
S
x
I
x
x
CG
S
y
I
y
mm mm mm
2
mm mm
3
mm
4
mm mm
3
mm
4
1 21.22 2.1 43.7 8.35 365 4011 -91.52 -4000 366790
2 82.15 2.1 169.2 0.00 0 60 -43.11 -7296 409725
3 283.86 2.1 584.7 143.97 84186 16046547 0.00 0 207
4 83.19 2.1 171.4 287.94 49345 14208429 43.64 7478 425153
5 21.26 2.1 43.8 279.78 12254 3429512 92.75 4062 377506
1012.8 146150 33688558 244 1579382

Calculation of the section properties of the gross section
6
Notation for the effective cross-section calculation
Effective and ineffective portions of the (nominal) cross-section:
Stresses:
7
rel.fl1
1.551 =
rel.fl1

p
el
:=
el
0.5 0.25 0.055 3 +
( )
+ :=
Slenderness ratio
b
2.e1
31.59mm = b
2.e1
0.5 b
p2
:=
Effective portion:
0.759 =
min 1 ,
( )
:=
1
p.red
0.673 if
1
0.055 3 +
( )
p.red
p.red
0.18

p

p.red
( )
p
0.6
+
p.red
0.673 > if
:=
Reduction factor:
p.red
1.040 =
p.red

p

fl

M0
f
yb
:=
Reduced plate slenderness:
p
1.044 =
p
b
p2
t
12 1
2
( )
f
yb
2
E k
:=
k
4 := 1 :=
Plate slenderness:
fl
503.80 MPa =
fl

t.max

c.max

t.max
( )
h 0.5t +
h t +
+ :=
Stress at the mid-line of the compression flange:
t.max
507.4 MPa =
c.max
507.4MPa =
t.max

c.max
:=
c.max
f
yb
M0
:=
Initial assumption for the extreme fibre stresses:
(the correct values will be determined later by iteration)
Calculation of the flange effective width adjacent to web
8
h
t
141.93 mm = h
t
h
p
h
c
:=
h
c
141.93 mm =
h
c
h
p
0 if
h
p
1
0 < if
:=
Effective and ineffective portions:
0.644 =
min 1 ,
( )
:=
1
p.red
0.673 if
1
0.055 3 +
( )
p.red
p.red
0.18

p.w

p.red
( )
p.w
0.6
+
p.red
0.673 > if
:=
Reduction factor:

p.red
1.442 =
p.red

p.w

w2

M0
f
yb
:=
Reduced plate slenderness:
p.w
1.457 =
p.w
h
p
t
12 1
2
( )
f
yb
2
E k
:=
k
23.90 =
k
4 1 = if
8.2
1.05 +
1 > 0 > if
7.81 0 = if
7.81 6.29 9.78
2
+
( )
0 > 1 > if
23.9 1 = if
5.98 1
( )
2
1 > 3 > if
95.68 3 if
:=
1.00 =

w1
w2
:=
Plate slenderness:
w2
496.65 MPa =
w2

t.max

c.max

t.max
( )
h 0.5 t + g
r21
h t +
+ :=
w1
496.65 MPa =
w1

t.max

c.max

t.max
( )
0.5t g
r11
+
h t +
+ :=
Stress at the web edges:
Calculation of the effective width of the web
9
rel.fl2
1.551 =
rel.fl2

p
el
:=
el
0.5 0.25 0.055 3 +
( )
+ :=
Slenderness ratio
b
2.i
b
2
b
2.e2
b
2.e1
:=
b
2.e2
31.45mm = b
2.e2
0.5 b
p2
:=
Effective portion:
0.756 =
min 1 ,
( )
:=
1
p
0.673 if
1
0.055 3 +
( )
p

p
0.673 > if
:=
Reduction factor:
p
1.044 =
p
b
p2
t
12 1
2
( )
f
yb
2
E k
:=
k
4 := 1 :=
Plate slenderness:
Here only initial values are calculated which then may be modified due to distorsional buckling. Final
values will be determined later by iteration.
Calculation of the flange effective width adjacent to edge stiffener
rel.w
1.667 =
rel.w

p.w
el
:=
el
0.5 0.25 0.055 3 +
( )
+ :=
Slenderness ratio
h
i
50.54mm =
h
i
h
c
h
e1
h
e2
:=
h
e2
54.83mm =
h
e2
h
c
h
e1
:=
h
e1
36.56mm =
h
e1
2 h
c
5
|
\
|
.
0 if
0.4 h
c
( )
0 < if
:=
10
rel.st
1.121 =
rel.st

p
el
:=
el
0.673 :=
Slenderness ratio
c
2.i
0.11 mm =
c
2.i
c
p2
c
2.ef
:=
c
2.ef
21.15mm =
c
2.ef
c
p2
:=
Effective and ineffective portions:
0.995 =
min 1 ,
( )
:=
1
p.red
0.673 if
1
0.188
p.red
p.red
0.18

p

p.red
( )
p
0.6
+
p.red
0.673 > if
:=
Reduction factor:
p.red
0.755 =
p.red

p

dist

M0
f
yb
:=
dist
f
yb
M0
:=
p
0.755 =
p
c
p2
t
12 1
2
( )
f
yb
2
E k
:=
k
0.500 =
k
0.5
c
p2
b
p2
sin
2
( )
\
|
.
0.35 if
0.5 0.83
3
c
p2
b
p2
sin
2
( )
0.35
|
\
|
.
2
+ otherwise
:=
Plate slenderness:
Here only initial values are calculated which then may be modified due to distorsional buckling. Final
values will be determined later by iteration.
Calculation of the effective width of the edge stiffener
11
d
0.4195 =
d
1
d
0.65 if
1.47 0.723
d

( )
0.65
d
< 1.38 < if
0.66
d

d
1.38 if
:=
Reduction factor
d
1.573 =
d
f
yb
cr.st
:=
Slenderness
cr.st
204.96 MPa =
cr.st
2 K
2
E I
x.st

( )
A
st
:=
Critical stress
K
2
0.221
N
mm
2
=
K
2
E t
3
( )
4 1
2
( )
1
b
2.1
2
h b
2.1
3
+
:=
b
2.1
78.84mm =
b
2.1
b
2
x
st.CG
:=
Spring stiffness per unit length
I
x.st
2654.4 mm
4
=
I
x.st
I
x.st
c
2.ef
t 0.5c
2.ef
g
r22
+
( )
sin
2
( )
2
+ A
st
y
st.CG
2
:=
I
x.st
b
2.e2
t
3
12
c
2.ef
t
3
12
c
2.ef
3 t
12
+
|
\
|
.
2
c
2.ef
t
3
12
c
2.ef
3 t
12

|
\
|
.
2
cos 2
2
( )
+
(
(
(
(
+ :=
y
st.CG
3.26 mm = y
st.CG
c
2.ef
t 0.5c
2.ef
g
r22
+
( )
sin
2
( )
A
st
:=
x
st.CG
6.67 mm =
x
st.CG
b
2.e2
t 0.5b
2.e2
g
r22
+
( )
c
2.ef
t 0.5c
2.ef
g
r22
+
( )
cos
2
( )

A
st
:=
A
st
108.4mm
2
= A
st
b
2.e2
c
2.ef
+
( )
t :=
Section properties of the stiffener:
Here only initial values are calculated which then may be
modified due to distorsional buckling. Final values will be
determined later by iteration.
Calculation of the reduction factor for the edge stiffener
12
rel.d
2.502 =
rel.d

d
0.65
:=
Relative slenderness for distorsional buckling:
d
1.626 =
d
f
yb
cr.st
:=
Distorsinal buckling slenderness:
cr.st
191.83 MPa =
Critical stress for distorsional buckling:
t
red
0.858mm =
t
red
t min
A
st0
A
st
red
d
f
yb
M0

st
,
|
\
|
.
:=
Reduced thickness
st
494.14 MPa =
st

t.max

c.max

t.max
( )
h 0.5 t + y
st.CG
h t +
+ :=
Stress at the centroid of edge stiffener:
y
st.CG
2.759mm =
Stiffener's mass center distance:
A
st
129.5mm
2
=
Stiffener's area after iteration:
A
st0
108.4mm
2
=
Stiffener's area before iteration:
red
d
0.4058 =
The reduction factor due to distorsional buckling:
iter b
2.e2
c
2.ef
A
st
I
st
y
CG.st cr
reduction
# mm mm mm
2
mm
4
mm MPa factor
1 31.4462 21.1546 108.36 2654.4 3.2638 204.96 0.41947
2 41.5952 21.2618 129.49 2887.7 2.7587 191.83 0.40582
3 41.5952 21.2618 129.49 2887.7 2.7587 191.83 0.40582
4 41.5952 21.2618 129.49 2887.7 2.7587 191.83 0.40582
5 41.5952 21.2618 129.49 2887.7 2.7587 191.83 0.40582
6 41.5952 21.2618 129.49 2887.7 2.7587 191.83 0.40582
7 41.5952 21.2618 129.49 2887.7 2.7587 191.83 0.40582
8 41.5952 21.2618 129.49 2887.7 2.7587 191.83 0.40582
9 41.5952 21.2618 129.49 2887.7 2.7587 191.83 0.40582
The following Table shows some important results of the iteration to find the final nominal dimensions of
the edge stiffener and the value of the reduction factor which counts for the distorsional buckling. It is
interesting to mention that all these parameters are NOT dependent on the real stresses, but only on
geometrical and material data. The effect of stresses will be considered later in the determination of the
reduced thickness of the plate elements of edge stiffener.
Iteration for the reduction factor of the edge stiffener
13
Elements for the section properties calculation of effective section
Co-ordinates of the nominal effective cross-section
elem x_start x_end y_start y_end x_CG y_CG
# mm mm mm mm mm mm
1 -84.69 -98.35 0.23 16.46 -91.52 8.35
2 -2.04 -84.19 0.00 0.00 -43.11 0.00
3 0.00 0.00 2.04 285.90 0.00 143.97
4 2.04 85.23 287.94 287.94 43.64 287.94
5 85.69 99.81 287.73 271.83 92.75 279.78
6
7
14
t.max
349.93 MPa =
Max tensile stress:
c.max
507.40 MPa =
Max compressive stress:
W
y.ef
9868 mm
3
=
Effective section modulus about y:
W
x.ef
54758mm
3
=
Effective section modulus about x:
y
ten
118.37 mm =
Tensioned extreme fibre distance from the centroid:
y
com
171.63 mm =
Compressed extreme fibre distance from the centroid:
I
y.ef
1067077mm
4
= I
y.ef
I
y.ef
A
ef
x
CG.ef
2
:=
Moment of inertia about y:
I
x.ef
9398316mm
4
= I
x.ef
I
x.ef
A
ef
y
CG.ef
2
:=
Moment of inertia about x:
Mass center in y-dir
y
CG.ef
117.34 mm = y
CG.ef
S
x.ef
A
ef
:=
Mass center in x-dir:
x
CG.ef
7.56 mm = x
CG.ef
S
y.ef
A
ef
:=
A
ef
812.6mm
2
=
Effective area:
s t A y
CG
S
x
I
x
x
CG
S
y
I
y
mm mm mm
2
mm mm
3
mm
4
mm mm
3
mm
4
1 21.22 2.06 43.7 8.35 365 4011 -91.52 -4000 366790
2 82.15 2.06 169.2 0.00 0 60 -43.11 -7296 409725
3 196.76 2.06 405.3 100.42 40704 5395335 0.00 0 143
4 36.56 2.06 75.3 267.62 20153 5401781 0.00 0 27
5 31.59 2.06 65.1 287.94 18738 5395558 17.84 1161 26117
6 41.60 0.86 35.7 287.94 10281 2960365 64.43 2301 153391
7 21.26 0.86 18.3 279.78 5106 1429099 92.75 1693 157307
812.6 95348 20586209 -6142 1113500

The following Table shows the details of the effective section properties calculation. Here only initial values
are calculated based on the assumed extreme fibre stresses. Later, all these parameters will be
re-calculated to find the final values of extreme fibre stresses and section properties.
Calculation of section properties of the effective section
15
Iteration for the effective section properties
In the following Table some results of the iteration for the effective section properties are shown. The
iteration is governed by the extreme fibre stresses. In each iteration step the effective portions of the
compressed flange and web are determined, then the section properties are calculated in accordance with
the principles and formulae presented above.
c.max t.max
x
CG
y
CG
A I
x
I
y
W
x
W
y
MPa MPa mm mm mm
2
mm
4
mm
4
mm
3
mm
3
0 507.40 -507.40 -7.558 117.337 812.6 9398316 1067077 54758.2 9868.0
1 507.40 -349.93 -8.147 112.184 756.2 9101045 1061956 51480.6 9767.5
2 507.40 -324.94 -8.265 111.382 745.7 9066274 1060987 51052.2 9748.0
3 507.40 -321.18 -8.284 111.263 744.0 9061433 1060837 50990.8 9745.0
4 507.40 -320.62 -8.286 111.245 743.8 9060727 1060814 50981.8 9744.5
5 507.40 -320.54 -8.287 111.243 743.8 9060624 1060811 50980.4 9744.4
6
7
The elastic modulus of the effective cross-section:
W
x.ef
50980.4mm
3
=
Maximum compressive stress:

c.max
507.40 MPa =
Maximum tensile stress:
t.max
320.54 MPa =
Relative slenderness of the web:
rel.w

p.w
0.5 0.25 0.055 3

t.max
c.max
+
|
\
|
.
+
:=
rel.w
1.723 =
Maximal relative slenderness:
rel.max
max
rel.fl1

rel.fl2
,
rel.w
,
rel.st
,
rel.d
,
( )
:=
rel.max
2.502 =
16
W
x.pl
102407.4 mm
3
=
W
x.pl
2 c
p1
t y
CG.g
0.5 c
p1
g
r12
+
( )
sin
1
( )

b
p1
t y
CG.g
+ h
w.pl
t y
CG.g
0.5 h
w.pl
g
r11
( )
+
:=
The plastic section modulus:
h
w.pl
142.47 mm = h
w.pl
0.5A
g
c
p1
b
p1
+
( )
t
t
:=
Web portion for the plastic modulus:
Calculation of the plastic modulus of the gross cross-section about x-axis
f
ya
519.62 MPa =
f
ya
min f
ya
f
u
f
yb
+
2
,
|
\
|
.
:=
f
ya
f
yb
f
u
f
yb
( )
k n t
2
A
g
+ :=
n n
11
n
12
+ n
21
+ n
22
+ :=
n
22

2
0.5
r
22
5t if
0 otherwise
:=
n
12

1
0.5
r
12
5t if
0 otherwise
:=
n
21
1 r
21
5t if
0 otherwise
:=
n
11
1 r
11
5t if
0 otherwise
:=
k 7 prod_mod 1 = if
5 otherwise
:=
Calculation of the average yield strength
17
Calculation of the moment resistance of the cross-section
The effective, gross and plastic section muduli:
W
x.ef
50980mm
3
=
W
x.g
86700mm
3
=
W
x.pl
102407 mm
3
=
Maximal relative slenderness:

rel.max
2.502 =
The moment resistance:
M
c.Rd
W
x.ef
f
yb
M0
W
x.ef
W
x.g
< if
min
f
ya
M0
W
x.g
W
x.pl
W
x.g
( )
4 1
rel.max
( )
+
W
x.pl
f
yb
M0
,
(
(
W
x.ef
W
x.g
=
( )
ZC 1 = ( if
W
x.g
f
ya
M0
W
x.ef
W
x.g
=
( )
ZC 1 = ( ) if
:=
M
c.Rd
25.87kNm =
Remarks:
It is assumed that a C-section is approx. symmetrical. Thus, utilization of plastic capacity
is allowed.
In the first part of equation (6.5) of EC3 "fyb" is written, which seems to be meaningless.
Thus, it is changed to "fya".
18

Calculation of The Moment Resistance of Z - and C-Shaped Cold-Formed Sections According To Eurocode 3

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Calculation of The Moment Resistance of Z - and C-Shaped Cold-Formed Sections According To Eurocode 3

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Calculation of the moment resistance

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