Current Transformer (ANSI Std. C57.

13)

Function
• Reduce current for measuring, control and protection purpose. The
reduced current should be suitable for equipment connected on
secondary side. Normally secondary current is 1, 2 and 5 A.
• Separate primary and secondary circuit
 CT classification

1) Classification by CT class
– Measurement CT e.g. W, KWh, A
• with specified operating range
– Protection CT with larger operating range
2) Classification by construction e.g. Wound Type, Bar
Type, Window Type and Bushing Type
Bottom Core or Tank Type CT (36-300KV, 50-2000A)
11
1

4 1) Oil level Indicator

7
4) Primary Terminal
6 5) Core with secondary winding
6) Core and coil assembly with main
insulation
7) Insulator
9) Terminal Box
10) Tank
11) Nitrogen Cushion
5

10
Top Core or Inverted Type CT (145-525KV, 40-6000A)

Courtesy of Trench Electric

1
2
3

4
5
1) Oil level Indicator
6 2) Bellow
3) Terminal Head
7
4) Primary Terminal
5) Core with secondary
winding
6) Core and coil assembly
with main insulation
7) Insulator
8) Base plate
9) Terminal Box
8

9
 Symbol, Polarity and Ratio

• Symbol and Polarity

Ipri

H1 H2

X1 X2

Isec

• Ratio
1) Single Ratio e.g. 100:5A , 600:5A , 1200:5A
2) Multi Ratio e.g. 50/-/600:5 , 100/-/1200:5A ,
300/-/2000:5A
 CT Ratings
• Rated Dynamic Current
Maximum current with which CT can withstand without
any damage.
• Accuracy Limit Factor (ALF)
Ratio of IPRIMARY / IRATED at which CT accuracy is still
within specific range.

Example 200/1A CT has ALF = 5

It can maintain its accuracy in operation until IPRIMARY = 5 x
200 = 1,000 A.
• Rated Burden
Value of load on secondary side of CT based on its
accuracy. Generally, it is defined in VA e.g. 2.5, 5, 7.5,
10, 15, 30 VA.

• Continuous Rated Current

Primary current which flows continuously through CT.

• Thermal - Short - Time Rated Current

Symmetrical current on the primary side of CT, at which
CT can withstand within specific time e.g. 0.5, 1, 2 or 3s
and temperature does not exceed the winding withstand
limit while short circuit on secondary side.
• Continuous - Thermal - Current Rating Factor (RF)
Ratio of current during the temperature rise 30oC from
ambient to continuous current e.g. 1.0, 1.33. 1.5, 2.0, 3.0,
4.0
For example CT 100:5A , having RF = 1.5, can withstand
the current 150:7.5A, while the temperature increases less
than 30oC from ambient.

• Mechanical - Short - Time Current Rating (for Wound

Type)
Maximum current on primary side, when short circuit on
secondary side occurs.
• Rated Secondary Current
Rated current on secondary side of CT, normally are 1, 2 or 5 A
• Nominal System Voltage (Max = 1.1 Nominal Voltage)
• Basic Impulse Insulation Level (BIL)

Application and classes of CT

 Metering CT

• Table 1 Limits of error for accuracy classes 0.1 to 1.0

Table 2 Limits of error for accuracy classes 3 and 5
Table 3 Limits of error for accuracy classes 5P and 10P
 CT Error (ANSI/IEEE Std. C57.13)
Measuring Cores Classes: 0.3 - 0.6 - 1.2

Error limit in range of cosβ = 0.6 - 1.0

• Standard burden (for 5A secondary current)

• Therefore, the definition of measuring core CT will be

defined in Class and Burden
e.g. 0.3 B-0.1 or 0.6 B-0.5
 Protection Cores
• Classes/error limits
“C” or “T” with max. composite error equal or less
than 10% in the range of 1-20 times rated primary.
• Hence, it can be compared with class 10 P 20 according to
IEC.
• For the definition of designation, it will be defined by its
class and terminal voltage on secondary side, while CT has
to generate the voltage for burden at 20 time rated
secondary current and Ratio Error < 10% e.g. C100,
C400.
Standard Burdens: (for 5A secondary current)
 Voltage Transformer (ANSI/IEEE Std 57.13)

• Reduce high voltage for supplying measurement, control and

protection devices
• Separate high voltage and low voltage side
• 2 Types
– Inductive Voltage (Potential) Transformer (VT or PT)
– Coupling Capacitor Voltage Transformer (CCVT)
 Voltage Transformer
• Generally it consists of primary winding and secondary
winding. In service it can be connected directly to bus bar ,
line. It can be connected between phase and phase or phase
and ground for measuring voltage with high accuracy.
(commercial metering)
• 2 types of construction design
– Closed Iron Core and Layer Winding (for V < 123 KV)
– Bar Type Core and Coil Winding (for V > 123 KV)
• Both type use paper-oil insulation with wound-in capacitor
layers for voltage grading.
VT with closed iron core and layer winding

1) Core
2) Secondary Winding
3) Primary Winding
4) Primary Connection (Bushing)

Core is in iron case and connected to

outside via weather-proof terminal box
VT with bar - type core and coil winding

1) Core with secondary winding

2) Paper-Oil insulation with capacitor layer
3) Primary Coils
4) Oil Expansion Housing (fill N2)
5) Base Plate with secondary terminal

Core is inside porcelain insulator.

Dry winding is immersed in insulating oil.
Coupling Capacitor Voltage Transformer (CCVT)

• Use to measure voltage between phase and ground, supply

metering device, relay protection and synchronising power
system. Furthermore it is used as coupling element for Carrier -
frequency transmission equipment in telemetering, remote
control, telephone system.
• We prefer to use CCVT because of its variety in application. It
has C Divider to reduce voltage level, then it needs less
insulation, cheap and accuracy, use as carrier and reduce ferro-
resonance problem.
Diagram of the capacitor voltage transformer

C1, C2 Capacitive Voltage Divider

D Damping Element
LD Choke
R Preload
Z Burden
U-X Primary Terminal
u-x Secondary Terminal
W Inductive Voltage Transformer
Xh Carrier Frequency Terminal
 1
A
X3, Y3 is common for neutral point
C13

C1
B X1 - X3 yield phase - GND voltage
C12
D with 110, 115, 120V
C11 2
X1 X2 - X3 yield phase - GND voltage
X2

GAP X3
with
Y1
C2 Y2 110 115 120
E
Y3 , , V.
P1

P2
3 3 3
CAR
F

DOBLE TESTING
 Rating and Specifications

• Rated Voltage / Frequency e.g. 230 KV / 50Hz

• Maximum Service Voltage e.g. 242 KV
• Insulation Level
– 1 Minute Power Frequency e.g. 525 KV
– BIL e.g. 900 KV
• Creepage Distance of Insulator e.g. 6600 mm.
• Secondary Voltage e.g. 119.5/69 V, 119.5/69 V (138KV Ref)
• Burden
– Core1, Core2, Simultaneous, Thermal = 75, 75, 75, 1000
[VA]
• Thermal Burden is VA of CCVT that can supply at rated
secondary voltage while the temperature does not exceed
the limit.
• Standard Burdens of Voltage Transformer (ANSI/IEEE
C.57.13)

• Capacitance
– High Voltage (C1) e.g. 3117 pF
– Intermediate Voltage (C2) e.g. 80000 pF
• Primary Voltage Rating of Intermediate Transformer e.g. 5 KV
• Resonance Suppression Device
– Electronic
– Resistive and/or Reactive Element
• Carrier Drain Coil e.g. Frequency Range , Impedance @ 50 Hz
 Accuracy Class
• Composite Error
– Ratio (Voltage) Error
– Phase Displacement

• Limits of error for measuring Voltage Transformer

• Limits of error for protective voltage transformer

• Rating of CCVT can be specified as follows

115,000 / 3 : 115 / 66.4 // 110.66 / 66.4V .,
Class1.2 R (WXY ),0.3(WXY )