Common Laboratory Values

Hematology Hematocrit: volume of packed red blood cells per dL of blood Men: 45% (ranges 38-54% !omen: 4"% (ranges 3#-4$% %ncreases: de&'dration( pol'c't&emia vera and congenital &eart disease )ecreases: anemia( leukemia( &emorr&age( dietar' deficiencies

Hemoglobin: o*'gen combining protein Men: +4-+8 g,dL !omen: +--+# g,dL .alues c&ange same as &ematocrit

/latelets .alues: +5"(""" - 4""(""" mm %ncreased: pol'c't&emia vera( postsplenectom'( anemia )ecreased: leukemia( aplastic anemia( cirr&osis( multiple m'eloma( c&emot&erap'

%nternational 0ormali1ed 2ation (%02 : test for coagulation 3&erapeutic .alues: -4"-3(" for 56( ).3( 7.5( Hip 8 9nee 2eplacement t&erap': -45-345 for mec&anical prost&etic valve %ncreases: anticoagulation t&erap' ;it& ;arfarin (7oumadin

/artial t&romboplastin time (/33 : tests coagulation mec&4: stage % deficiencies in coag casacade .alues: /33: #"-$" seconds %ncreases: deficienc' factors .%%%( %<( <( <%( <%% and in anticoagulation t&erap' )ecreases: e*tensive cancer( disseminated intravascular coagulation ()%7

Common Laboratory Values

/rot&rombin time (/3 : tests e*trinsic clotting( stages %% 8 %%% .alues: ++-+5 seconds %ncreases: anticoagulation t&erap'( )%7( &epatic disease( malabsorption )ecreases: digitalis t&erap'( diuretic action( vitamin 9 t&erap'

!&ite =lood 7ell count (!=7>s : 3otal number of leukoc'tes in + mm .alues: 5"""-+"(""",mm %ncreases: leukemia( bacterial infection( severe sepsis )ecreases: viral infection( over;&elming bacterial infection( lupus er't&ematosus( antineoplastic c&emot&erap'

!&ite =lood 7ell count ;it& differential: enumeration of individual leukoc'tes distribution
basophils values: -5-+"" mL %ncreases: m'eloproliferative disease( leukemia )ecreases: anap&'lactic r*n( &'pert&'roidism( radiation t&erap'( infection( preg4( aging eosinophils values: +-4% %ncreases: allergic disorders( parasitic infection( eosinop&illic leukemia )ecreases: acute,c&ronic stress( e*cess 573H( cortisone,epinep&rine(endocrine disorders lymphocytes values -"-4"% %ncreases: c&ronic 8 acute l'mp&oc'tic leukemia( infectious mononucleosis( c&ronic bacterial infection( viral infection )ecreases: s'stemic lupus er't&ematosus( immune deficienc' disorders neutrophils values: 55-$"% %ncreases: bacterial infection( tumor( inflammation( stress( drug reaction( trauma( metabolic disorders )ecreases: acute viral infection( anore*ia nerv4( radiation t&erap'( drug-induced( alco&ol
2

Common Laboratory Values

Blood Chemistries

?erum 7reatinine .alues: Men "4# - +4- mg,dL !omen "45 - +4+ mf,dL %ncreases: c&ronic glomerulonep&ritis( nep&ritis( &eart failure( muscle disease )ecreases: debilitation

?erum @rea 0itrogen (=@0 .alues: +"--" mg,dL %ncreases: 526,726( &eart failure( obstructive uropat&'( de&'dration )ecreases: cirr&osis( malnutrition

Alucose (fasting .alues: $"-+-" mg,dL %ncreases: acute stress( 7us&ing>s s'ndrome( &'pert&'roidism( acute,c&ronic pancreatitis( )M( &'pergl'cemia )ecreases: 5ddison>s disease( liver disease( reactive &'pogl'cemia( pituitar' &'pofunction

Al'cos'lated &emoglobin (Hb5+7 .alues: 44" - #4"%: #4"-#45 pre diabetic %ncreased: ne;l' diagnosed or poorl' controlled )M #45 -$ diagnosis )M

?erum potassium
3

Common Laboratory Values

.alues: 345 - 54" mBC,L %ncreases: diabetic ketoacidosis( renal failure( 5ddison>s disease( e*cessive intake of 9D )ecreases: t&ia1ide diuretics( 7us&ing>s s'ndrome( cirr&osis ;it& ascites( &'peradlosteronism( steroid t&erap'( malignant &'pertension( poor dietar' &abits( c&ronic diarr&ea( diap&oresis( renal tubular necrosis( malabsorption s'ndrome( vomiting

?erum sodium .alues: +38-+44 mBC,L %ncreases: increased intake---E orall'( or %.( 7us&ing>s disease( e*cessive s;eating( diabetes insipidus )ecreases: 5ddison>s disease( sodium-losing nep&ropat&'( vomiting( diarr&ea( fistulas( tube drainage( burns( renal insufficienc' ;it& acidosis( starvation ;it& acidosis( paracentesis( t&oracentesis( ascites( &eart failure( ?%5)H

7arbon dio*ide .alues: -4-3" mBC,L %ncreases: emp&'sema( salic'late to*cit'( vomiting )ecreases: starvation( diarr&ea

?erum c&loride .alues: F"-++" mBC,L %ncreases: &'perventilation( )M )ecreases: &eart failure( p'loric obstruction( vomiting( &'poventilation( c&ronic respirator' acidosis

Urinalysis
4

Common Laboratory Values

7olor: normal: 'ello; abnormal: red-reddis& bro;n -------E &ematuria bro;n to bro;nis& gra' --------E bilirubinuria or urobilinuria tea colored----------E possible obstructive( Gaundice almost colorless---------E c&ronic kidne' disease( diabetes insipidus( )M

?pecific gravit' .alues: +4"+"-+4"3" %ncreased: de&'dration( pituitar' tumor( &'potension )ecreased: distal renal tubular disease( pol'c'stic kidne' disease( diabetes %nsipidus( over&'dration

Common Laboratory Values

"emo#lobin %BC "ematocrit $latelets

BUN sodium Na+ chloride cL+ !lucos e potassium + carbon dioxide CO Creatinine