1

CIaicr 1
INTFODUCTION
India Ias adoicd arliancniary forn of dcnocracy and
iIc iwo words Parliancniary and Dcnocracy arc inoriani
fcaiurcs of our Poliiical Sysicn. TIc icrn 'Parliancniary' rcfcrs
sccifically io a lind of dcnocraiic oliiy wIcrcin iIc surcnc
owcr vcsis in iIc lody of colc's rcrcscniaiivcs callcd
Parliancni. TIc Parliancniary sysicn is onc in wIicI iIc
Parliancni cnjoys a lacc of rinacy in iIc govcrnancc of iIc
Siaic. Undcr iIc Consiiiuiion of India, iIc Union Lcgislaiurc is
callcd 'Parliancni'; ii is iIc ivoi on wIicI iIc oliiical sysicn
of iIc couniry rcvolvcs. Dcnocracy inlics iIc rigIi of iIc
colc io sclf dcicrninaiion and faiiI in iIc raiionaliiy and
ingcnuiiy of iIc Iunan nind. In a dcnocracy iIc colc arc
iIcir own nasicrs.
1
In a Parliancniary sysicn of Oovcrnncni,
iIc cccuiivc is dirccily rcsonsillc io iIc clccicd
rcrcscniaiivcs of iIc colc.
2
TIcrc arc iIrcc organs of iIc
Oovcrnncni in India. (i} Lcgislaiurc, (ii} Eccuiivc and (iii}
Judiciary. TIc Lcgislaiurc consisis of iwo Houscs, nancly iIc
Fajya SalIa and iIc Lol SalIa. Ii is rcsonsillc for franing
iIc law of iIc land and fornulaiing iIc olicics in rcgard io iIc
nanncr in wIicI iIc couniry is io lc govcrncd.
3
TIc sccond
1
SulIasI C. KasIya, Ou Pooncnt. An Intoducton to tIc Pooncnt o Indo,
Naiional Dool Trusi, Ncw DclIi, 2001, .22-23.
2
F.D. Jain, TIc Indon Pooncnt. Innouotons, Fcons ond Dcuconcnt, SouiI
Asia Dools, India, 1976, .17.
3
M.P. Jain, Indon Consttutono Lou, 3
rd
cd., N.M. TriaiIi, Donlay, 1978, .11.
2
organ nancly, iIc Eccuiivc, consisi of iIc Prcsidcni as iIc
Consiiiuiional Icad and iIc Princ Minisicr wiiI Iis Council of
Minisicrs is rcsonsillc io iIc Parliancni for cnsuring iIai iIc
adninisiraiion of iIc couniry is carricd on in accordancc wiiI
iIc olicics laid down ly iIc Parliancni.
4
TIc iIird organ
Judiciary consisis of iIc Surcnc Couri of India, wIicI is iIc
IigIcsi couri in iIc land wiiI original, acllaic and advisory
jurisdiciion and is iIc final inicrrcicr of iIc Consiiiuiion. In
ordcr iIai jusiicc nay lc ncicd oui io iIc colc wiiIoui any
fcar and favour, judiciary is laying an inoriani rolc
indccndcni of iIc oiIcr iwo organs.
5
TIc Parliancniary
sysicn Ias oficn lccn dcscrilcd as 'Oovcrnncni ly
Conniiiccs'.
6
TIc cnornous rangc and conlciiy of lcgislaiion
and adninisiraiivc funciions of a nodcrn siaic nalc ii alnosi
inossillc for iIc Lcgislaiurc io adcquaicly scruiinisc
lcgislaiivc roosals and ovcrscc iIc cccuiivc aciion in iIc
various ficlds of adninisiraiion. TIc iasl dcvolvcd uon iIc
Lcgislaiurcs in nodcrn iincs is ioo divcrsc and nulii
dincnsional io lc acconlisIcd ly ii wiiIin iIc liniicd iinc
availallc io ii.
7
During iIc ycars in wIicI iIc Indian Parliancni
Ias funciioncd as a sovcrcign lody, iIcrc Ias lccn rcnarlallc
4
J.N. Pandcy, Consttutono Lou o Indo, 3
rd
cd., Ccniral Law Agcncy, AllaIalad,
1998, .346.
5
P.M. DalsIi, TIc Consttuton o Indo, Univcrsal Law PullisIing Co., DclIi, 2000,
.127-131.
6
Dial D.F. CIaudIuri, Asccts o Pooncnt ond Coucnncnt n Indo, FacIna
PralasIan, Ncw DclIi, 1972, .60.
7
D. Ooswani, TIc Indon Pooncnto Sccnc, Poinicr PullisIcrs, Jaiur, 1994,
.77.
3
dcvcloncni in Parliancniary raciiccs and roccdurc. A
noicworiIy ari of iIcsc dcvcloncnis Ias lccn in iIc
dircciion of Parliancniary Conniiiccs. Ii is iruc iIai a
lcgislaiurc nay lc lnown ly iIc Conniiiccs ii lccs. Ii is
rcasonallc io ccci iIai financial conniiiccs in ariicular
Iavc a sccial inoriancc. TIc Housc of iIc Pcolc is noi as
largc as iIc Housc of Connons (and, of coursc, iIc Siaic
Asscnllics arc nucI snallcr}, lui ii is siill ioo lig and iwo
inccri a lody io lc allc, as a wIolc Housc, io ccri any
cffcciivc financial conirol ovcr iIc Oovcrnncni.
8
TIc Parliancni
Ias various dcviccs for ccrcising rocr conirol ovcr iIc
cccuiivc wing, onc of iIc nosi inoriani lcing iIc financial
conirol. TIc Eccuiivc cannoi nornally incurs ccndiiurc
wiiIoui oliaining iIc sanciion of iIc Parliancni.
9
Evcry ycar
lcforc iIc ncw financial ycar conncnccs, iIc Parliancni Ias io
voic iIc ludgci wIicI auiIorizcs iIc Oovcrnncni io incur
ccndiiurc. As iIc iinc inicrval lciwccn iIc rcscniaiion of
iIc ludgci and assing iIc sanc is snall, ii is olvious iIai iIc
Parliancni cannoi siudy iIc ludgci iIorougIly lcforc
sanciioning iIc sanc. During ludgci discussion, ii can only
indicaic and fornulaic ccriain lroad olicics in accordancc
wiiI wIicI iIc adninisiraiion is io lc carricd on.
10
Evcn
8
W.H. Morris-Joncs, Pooncnt n Indo, Longnans, Orccn and Co., London,
1957, .279.
9
Funli Dasu, PuIc Adnnstoton. Conccts ond TIcocs, Sicrling PullisIcrs,
Ncw DclIi, 1994, .326.
10
H.N. Trivcdi, TIc Estnotcs Connttcc ot VoI, Firsi Parliancni 1952-1957. A
Souvcnir, Lol SalIa Sccrciariai, Ncw DclIi, .74.
4
oiIcrwisc, iIc lcgislaiivc lusincss lcforc iIc Parliancni
iIrougIoui iIc ycar is so Icavy iIai ii cannoi dcvoic sufficicni
iinc io a dciailcd scruiiny of iIc ludgci. In ordcr, iIcrcforc io
cnallc iIc Parliancni io nalc rocr scruiiny of iIc
ccndiiurc iIai is incurrcd ly iIc Oovcrnncni, iIc sysicn of
Parliancniary Conniiicc Ias lccn cvolvcd.
11
TIc worlload in
loiI iIc Houscs of Parliancni Ias so nucI incrcascd iIai ii
cannoi coc wiiI iIai undcr any circunsianccs. TIc
Conniiiccs of DriiisI Parliancni Iavc lccn icrncd as Mini
Parliancni and iIc Conniiiccs of Ancrican Congrcss arc
lnown as Parliancni's worlsIo. TIc Conniiiccs of a Housc
arc as inoriani as iIc Housc iisclf. TIus Woodrow Wilson
callcd Iis govcrnncni as Oovcrnncni ly iIc Conniiiccs".
12
Parliancniary conniiiccs figurc in nosi counirics of iIc world
incrcasingly scrving as iIc nain organising ccnirc of loiI
lcgislaiion and Parliancniary ovcrsigIi of govcrnncni.
13
TIc
growiI of ccniraliiy of iIc Conniiiccs Ias occurrcd noi only in
sonc Parliancnis, lui acars io lc a glolal Icnoncnon.
14
Diffcrcni iycs of conniiiccs Iavc lccn sci u in iIc Lol
SalIa and Fajya SalIa.
11
A.T. PIili and K.H. Sivaji Fao, Indon Coucnncnt ond Potcs, Sicrling
PullisIcrs, Jullundur, 1981, .128.
12
S.A. Palclar, Conniiicc Sysicn in Ancrican Congrcss", U.C. Agarwal (cd.},
Indon Jouno o PuIc Adnnstoton, TIc Indian Insiiiuic of Pullic
Adninisiraiion, No. 4, Vol. XLIX, Ociolcr-Dcccnlcr 2003, .71.
13
Nizan AIncd, Parliancniary Conniiiccs and Oovcrnncni Accounialiliiy-Folc
of Dcarincnially Fclaicd Conniiiccs", TIc Indon Jouno o PuIc
Adnnstoton, TIc Indian Insiiiuic of Pullic Adninisiraiion, No. 1, Vol. XLVI,
January-MarcI 2000, .50.
14
L. Longlcy and A. AgI (cds.}, TIc CIongng Foc o Pooncnto Connttccs,
Acton FcscocI Connttcc on Lcgsotuc Sccosts, 1997, .3.
5
TIc conniiicc sysicn in Indian Parliancni Ias conc io
siay as an inicgral ari for snooiI iransaciions of iIc lusincss
of iIc Housc.
15
Ii is acccicd iIai wiiIoui sucI sysicn, ii will
alnosi lc inossillc for any lcgislaiivc lody io finisI iIc
volunc of worl wIicI ii is rcquircd io Iandlc.
16
TIc cnornous
volunc of worl wIicI concs lcforc a lcgislaiurc and a liniicd
iinc ai iis disosal for iis considcraiion nalc ii inossillc iIai
cvcry naiicr sIould lc considcrcd ai lcngiI on iIc floor of iIc
Housc.
17
TIc Parliancni discusscs olicics lui unlcss iIcrc arc
conniiiccs wIicI can discuss in dciail and wIcrc iIosc wIo
run iIc adninisiraiion Iavc io givc cvidcncc, wIcrc naiicrs
can lc iIorougIly canincd. Parliancni's conirol icnds io lc
fccllc.
Mcaning of iIc Conniiicc
TIc word 'Conniiicc' finds iis origin fron FrcncI word
'Connox' wIicI ncans 'Trusi'. Hcncc in iIc usagc of
Parliancni or oiIcr Lcgislaiivc Asscnllics iIc word Ias conc
io signify onc or norc ncnlcrs of lcgislaiivc lody inio wIosc
Iands a naiicr undcr discussion is laccd for invcsiigaiion and
rcori.
18
A conniiicc is noi an casy iIing io dcfinc. TIc lasic
concci is a grou of colc siiiing round a iallc discussing
sonciIing. Ii is.
15
O. cii., n 6, .60.
16
Hans Faj, Indon Potco Sstcn, Surjcci Pullicaiions, Ncw DclIi, 2004, .310.
17
D.D. Jcna, Pooncnto Connttccs n Indo, Scicniific Dool Agcncy, Calcuiia,
1966, .1.
16
Enccoocdo Htonnco, 1957, .814.
6
A lody of colc ncciing round a iallc, io ialc dccisions
for joini aciion on lcIalf of sonc oiIcr (gcncrally largcr} lody of
wIicI is iIc Conniiicc".
19
Ii is aoinicd or clccicd io considcr or invcsiigaic io ialc
aciion in rcgard io ccriain naiicrs or suljccis, or io do all of
iIcsc iIings. TIc Conniiiccs diffcr cnornously in iIcir sizc,
conosiiion, frcqucncy of ncciings, in iIc nanncr of iIcir
sciiing u, in iIcir urosc and oljcciivcs and in iIcir rulcs of
roccdurc.
Dcfiniiions of Conniiicc
According io H.M. Folcri. A Conniiicc is a lody of onc
or norc crsons aoinicd or clccicd ly an Asscnlly or Sociciy
io considcr or invcsiigaic or ialc aciion in rcgard io ccriain
naiicrs or suljccis or io do all iIcsc iIings".
20
According io Oford EnglisI Diciionary. A lody of (iwo or
norc crsons aoinicd or clccicd ly a sociciy, cororaiion,
ullic ncciing, cic.} for sonc sccial lusincss or funciion".
21
K.C. WIcarc siaics, A noiion of conniiicc carrics wiiI ii
iIc idca of a lody lcing in sonc nanncr or dcgrcc rcsonsillc
or sulordinaic or answcrallc in iIc lasi rcsori io iIc lody or
iIc crson wIo scis ii u or conniiicd a owcr or duiy io ii."
22
19
Edgcr and Ansicy, Connttccs. Hou TIc VoI ond Hou to VoI TIcn, Ocorgc
Allcn and Unwin, London, 1962, .13.
20
Pronila Suri, CoutI o Connttcc Sstcn n tIc Ccnto Lcgsotuc n Indo
(l92U-4?), Ncw DclIi, .36.
21
J.A. Sinson and E.S.C. Wcincr, TIc Oxod EngsI Dctono, 2
nd
Ed., Vol. III,
CIan-Crccly, Clarcndon Prcss, Oford, 1991, .561.
22
K.C. WIcarc, Coucnncnt I Connttccs, Oford Univcrsiiy Prcss, London,
1955, .6.
7
According io iIc Diciionary of Social Scicncc, TIc icrn
conniiicc dcnoics a lody of crsons cIargcd wiiI sonc
sccific funciion or funciions."
23
According io Wclsicr Ncw World Diciionary, A conniiicc
is a lody aoinicd or clccicd for sonc sccial lusincss,
usually fron sonc largcr lody."
24
According io TIc Concisc Oford Diciionary, A lody of
crson's aoinicd for sccial funciion ly a largcr lody."
25
According io F. Paiianayal, TIc grou of ncnlcrs of
sonc dclilcraiivc or dccision-naling lody. TIcy arc cIargcd
wiiI carrying oui invcsiigaiory worl on sonc issucs or dcaling
wiiI naiicrs of dciail undcr lroad lincs agrccd ly iIc wIolc
lody."
26
Ii can lc said iIai a Conniiicc is a dcvicc for siudy in
dciail. A Conniiicc is a grou of colc, aoinicd ly sonc
oiIcr largcr lody io ncci and discuss iIc naiicrs wiiIin sonc
sccificd ficld of rcfcrcncc wiiI a vicw io nalc grou dccisions
or rcconncndaiions io iIc arcni lody. Conniiiccs rovidc a
valuallc forun for gaiIcring conscnsus and for assing
lcgislaiivc roosals iIrougI a sicvc of scruiiny. According io
TIonas Fcad, Conniiiccs arc iIc cycs, cars and Iands of
23
Julicis Oould and Willian L. Kals (cds.}, A Dctono o Soco Sccnccs, TIc
Uniicd Naiions Educaiional Scicniific and Culiural Organizaiion, 1965, .106.
24
VcIstc`s Enccoocdc UnoIdgcd Dctono o tIc EngsI Longuogc,
Poriland Housc, Ncw Yorl, 1989, .296.
25
J.D. Sylcs, TIc Concsc Oxod Dctono, Oford Univcrsiiy Prcss, DclIi,
1976, .203.
26
F. Paiianayal Anno`s Dctono o PuIc Adnnstoton, Annol Pullicaiions,
Ncw DclIi, .73.
8
Lcgislaiurc and sonciincs iIcsc lcconc iIc lrain of iIc Iousc
also."
27
TIc Parliancni conirol ovcr iIc naiional financc acis as a
lcy insiruncni in cnforcing accounialiliiy of iIc cccuiivc io
iIc lcgislaiurc a lasic ingrcdicni of dcnocraiic oliiy.
28
Effcciivc financial conirol involvcs scruiiny inio iIc dciails of
csiinaics and accounis, lui iIc Iousc iisclf is noi a suiiallc
lody for going inio ninuic dciails.
29
Effcciivc arliancni
conirol ovcr iIc govcrnncnial ccndiiurc rcquircs iIai, firsi
iIc arliancni sIould saiisfy iisclf iIai iIc aroriaiion Iavc
lccn uiilizcd ccononically for iIc arovcd uroscs wiiIin iIc
francworl of iIc granis; and sccondly, ii sIould undcrialc a
dciailcd caninaiion of iIc annual ludgci csiinaics of iIc
govcrnncni io suggcsi ossillc ccononics in iIc
inlcncniaiion of iIc lans and rogranncs cnlodicd
iIcrcin.
30
Classificaiions of Conniiiccs
Ariiclcs 105 and 194 wIicI dcal wiiI iIc rivilcgcs of
ncnlcrs of Union Lcgislaiurc and of iIc Siaic Lcgislaiurc
rcscciivcly, indirccily rccognisc iIc insiiiuiions of
27
Hcrnan Fincr, TIco ond Poctcc o Modcn Coucnncnt, Surjcci Pullicaiions,
DclIi, 1977, .497.
28
D.P. MaiIur, Coucnoncc Fcon o Vson Indo, Macnillan India, DclIi, 2005,
.236.
29
A.F. Mulcrjca, Pooncnto Poccduc n Indo, 3
rd
cd., Oford Univcrsiiy Prcss,
Calcuiia, 1983, .328.
30
F.K. Arora, PuIc Adnnstoton n Indo. Contnut ond CIongc, Fajai
Pullicaiions, Ncw DclIi, 2006, .258.
9
Parliancniary Conniiiccs.
31
TIc Conniiiccs arc, Iowcvcr,
consiiiuicd undcr Ariiclc 118 and 208 of iIc Consiiiuiion,
wIicI cnowcrs cacI Housc of Parliancni or a Housc of Siaic
Lcgislaiurc, rcscciivcly io nalc rulcs for rcgulaiing iis
roccdurc and conduci of lusincss, suljcci io iIc rovisions of
iIc Consiiiuiion.
32
Parliancniary Conniiiccs arc of iwo linds;
33
adIoc or
icnorary conniiiccs, and sianding or rcgular conniiiccs.
TIc adIoc or icnorary conniiiccs arc iIosc conniiiccs
wIicI arc aoinicd for a sccific urosc and iIcy wind u
iIcnsclvcs as soon as iIcir worl is ovcr. Sclcci Conniiiccs on
Dills fall in iIis caicgory.
34
In iIis grou iIcrc arc also
conniiiccs aoinicd ly iIc Housc io cnquirc inio a givcn
occurrcncc, incidcni or naiicr. Sianding or Fcgular
Conniiiccs funciions undcr iIc Fulcs of Proccdurc and
conduci of lusincss for crforning sccific funciions and
rcconsiiiuic gcncrally cvcry ycar ciiIcr ly clcciion or ly iIc
Housc or noninaiion ly iIc Scalcr. TIcy arc rclaiivcly
crnancni in iIcir icnurc. TIcy dcal wiiI sccific lusincss.
35
TIcsc includc raciically all Conniiiccs of iIc Housc oiIcr
iIan Sclcci Conniiiccs on Dills, noiallc anong iIcn arc iIc
31
Vcrindcr Orovcr, Lcgsotuc Counc n Stotc Lcgsotucs, Dcc and Dcc
Pullicaiions, Ncw DclIi, 1990, .164.
32
F.N. Aggarwala, Fnonco Connttccs o Indon Pooncnt, S. CIand and
Conany, Ncw DclIi, 1966, .7.
33
SulIasI C. KasIya, Pooncnts o tIc ConnonucotI, Lol SalIa Sccrciariai,
1
si
cd., Ncw DclIi, 1986, .77.
34
D.L. Fadia, Indon Coucnncnt ond Potcs, SaIiiya DIawan Pullicaiions, Agra,
2007, .328.
35
F.C. Swaranlar, Potco Etc. A Socoogco Stud o Lcgsotos n FoostIon,
Fawai Pullicaiion, Jaiur, 1988, .193-194.
10
Financial Conniiiccs (i.c., iIc Pullic Accounis Conniiiccs,
iIc Conniiicc on Esiinaics and iIc Conniiicc on Pullic
Undcrialings}, iIc Conniiicc on Sulordinaic Lcgislaiion,
Pciiiions Conniiicc, iIc Conniiicc on Oovcrnncni
Assuranccs, iIc Conniiicc on Wclfarc of ScIcdulcd Casics and
ScIcdulcd Trilcs, iIc Conniiicc on Pacrs laid on iIc Tallc
cic. arc fallcn undcr Scruiiny Conniiiccs. Sianding Conniiicc
consiiiuicd io suggcsi arrangcncni of iIc worl of iIc Housc
and iIc ancniiics and faciliiics for iIc ncnlcrs and io assisi
iIc Housc in iis worling. Fulcs Conniiicc, Dusincss Advisory
Conniiicc, Conniiicc on Alscncc of iIc Mcnlcrs fron iIc
Siiiings of iIc Housc, Conniiicc on Privaic Mcnlcrs Dill and
Fcsoluiions arc caicgoriscd as Advisc Conniiiccs. TIc Housc
Conniiicc, Lilrary Conniiicc, Joini Conniiicc on iIc
Salarics and Allowanccs of iIc Mcnlcrs of Parliancni, and
Ocncral Purosc Conniiicc fall in iIc Scrvicc Conniiicc.
36
In
iIc Lol SalIa, iIc Ocncral Purosc Conniiicc, Housc
Conniiicc and Lilrary Conniiicc arc caicgoriscd as
'Conniiiccs noi ncniioncd in iIc Fulcs of Proccdurc' and iIcrc
arc scaraic Fulcs for iIcn.
37
Sinilarly, iIcrc is a scaraic
rovision for Joini Conniiicc on Salarics and Allowanccs of
Mcnlcrs of Parliancni.
38
Pciiiions Conniiicc and Conniiicc
on rivilcgcs caicgoriscd as Enquiry Conniiicc.
36
O. cii., n 7, .79.
37
Acndi II io iIc Fulcs of Proccdurc of Lol SalIa.
38
Acndi III io iIc Fulcs of Proccdurc of Lol SalIa.
11
TIc sysicn of funciioning iIrougI Parliancniary
Conniiicc is uscful ariicularly in dcaling wiiI naiicrs of a
sccial and iccInical naiurc in a lciicr way raiIcr iIan ly iIc
Housc iisclf. Ii is iIus sccn iIai nucI of iIc lusincss of
Parliancni is nowadays donc iIrougI conniiiccs. TIis docsn'i
ncan iIai Parliancni Ias alandoncd iis duiics and cnirusicd
iis rcsonsililiiics io iIc oiIcrs.
39
Ii cnirusis iIc worl of dciailcd caninaiion io conniiiccs
and rcscrvcs io iisclf iIc uliinaic aciion io lc ialcn. TIc nain
rcason for iIc origin of conniiicc is iIai ii can discuss cvcry
ascci of iIc suljcci-naiicr ninuicly and wiiI accuracy. To
nalc availallc iIc rcquircd ccri oinion and iIrougI
lnowlcdgc of iIc suljcci-naiicr, norc claloraic and dciailcd
discussion as conarcd wiiI iIai in iIc Housc is ossillc.
Conniiicc worl is iIc iraining scIool in wIicI ncnlcrs
rcarc for cccuiivc duiics in iIc largcr organizaiion.
Conniiiccs rovidc iIc lcsi ooriuniiy for icsiing and
roving aliliiy io worl and io lcad.
40
Significancc of iIc Siudy
TIc significancc of Conniiicc in a arliancniary
Dcnocracy can noi lc ovcr cnIasizcd. TIc Financial
Conniiiccs lay a vcry inoriani rolc as iIc waicI dog of iIc
Asscnlly. TIc Financial Conniiiccs lring io ligIi
39
Jccvan Nair and U.C. Jain, Indon Pooncnt Pucgcs, Poucs ond Functons,
Poinicr PullisIcrs, Jaiur, 2000, .29.
40
Alicc F. Siurgis, Pooncnto Poccduc, McOraw Hill Dool Conany Inc.,
London, 1950, .116.
12
incfficicncics, wasic and indiscrciion in iIc inlcncniaiion of
olicics and rogranncs arovcd ly iIc Asscnlly. TIc
Conniiiccs Iavc lcconc an inicgral ari of Parliancni
lccausc of iis uniquc inoriancc. Today, no lcgislaiurc can
inaginc io funciion wiiIoui iIc aid of Conniiiccs. TIc urosc
of iIc Conniiicc is io lring cfficicncy in worl wIcn iIc
Parliancni is in scssion, iIc Conniiiccs arc lusy in
considcring iIc lills in iIcir roons. Ii Icls in assing iIc laws
carly and iIc oiIcr lcncfii of iIc Conniiicc is io savc iIc iinc
of iIc Housc and iIus iIc Housc dcvoics iis iinc on oiIcr
inoriani iasls. TIcrc is a ossililiiy of iIorougI discussion
on any suljcci in iis Conniiiccs lccausc iIcy Iavc anlc iinc
ai iIcir disosal and iIc nunlcr of ncnlcrs is quiic lcss, so
cvcry suljcci can lc givcn rocr considcraiion in iIc
Conniiiccs. Discussion in iIc Conniiiccs arc alovc ariy
oliiics and iIc good vicws of iIc oosiiion ariics arc rcadily
acccicd. TIc Conniiiccs collcci lnowlcdgc fron various
sourccs and ui ii lcforc iIc Parliancni wIicI incrcascs iIc
lnowlcdgc of iIc oiIcr ncnlcrs of iIc Parliancni. Ii also
affords a vcry uscful ooriuniiy io givc varicd ccricncc and
aliliiy io ncnlcrs wIicI nay oiIcrwisc run wasic in iIc
Housc. Ii rovidcs incrcascd cfficicncy io adninisiraiion
coulcd wiiI cconony of iinc. TIc siudy of Conniiicc sysicn
is also an inoriani ari of iIc siudy of iIc funciioning of
Parliancniary sysicn. TIc Conniiiccs arc vcry uscful and
13
inoriani ari of govcrnncnial roccss. TIcy arc ncccssary
ncans of snooiI and cfficicni worling of lcgislaiivc lodics.
Scoc of iIc Siudy
No douli a loi of worl Ias alrcady lccn donc on
Lcgislaiivc Conniiiccs and Conniiicc on Wclfarc of ScIcdulcd
Casics, ScIcdulcd Trilcs and Daclward Classcs, lui no worl
Ias lccn donc on Esiinaics Conniiicc. TIc rcscni siudy A
Siudy of Parliancniary Conniiicc Sysicn in India wiiI sccial
rcfcrcncc io Esiinaics Conniiicc in Punjal is an cndcavour io
analysc iIc worling and crfornancc of Esiinaics Conniiicc
in Punjal fron 1992-2007.
Fcvicw of Liicraiurc
D.N. OadIol in Iis lool, 'Parliancniary Conirol ovcr
Oovcrnncni Ecndiiurc'
41
Ias discusscd iIc iwo financial
conniiiccs i.c. Pullic Accounis Conniiicc and iIc Esiinaics
Conniiicc of Parliancni. Hc Iolds iIai loiI iIc Conniiiccs
Iavc laycd a viial rolc in iIc suljcci of financial roriciy and
Iavc also crcaicd a consciousncss in iIcn for ccononical and
rudcni scnding. Hc suggcsis iIai iIc Esiinaics Conniiicc
sIould aoini a sul-conniiicc io caninc iIc Sulcncniary
Esiinaics lcforc iIcy arc sulniiicd io iIc Housc. Hc furiIcr
suggcsis iIai if iIc valuc of iIc Conniiiccs lalour is noi io lc
losi, iIc Conniiicc will Iavc io dcvisc a suiiallc nacIincry io
waicI iIc inlcncniaiion of iIc rcconncndaiions on wIicI
41
D.N. OadIol, Pooncnto Conto ouc Coucnncnt Excndtuc, Sicrling
PullisIcrs, Ncw DclIi, 1976.
14
iIc Oovcrnncni Ias roniscd io iniiiaic aciions. Hc suggcsis
iIai iIc rcori of iIcsc conniiiccs sIould lc discusscd on iIc
floor of iIc Housc.
D.D. Jcna in Iis lool, 'Parliancniary Conniiiccs in
India'
42
discusscs iIc concci of various Conniiiccs of Indian
Parliancni. Hc Ias also givcn suggcsiions for naling iIc
Esiinaics Conniiicc norc owcrful and cfficicni, so iIai ii
could scrvc as a uscful nacIincry io conirol iIc ullic ursc.
TIc auiIor discusscs iIc inoriancc of Conniiicc sysicn in
rcccni iincs. As iIc Houscs consisi of a largc nunlcr of
ncnlcrs and iIc rollcns Iavc incrcascd in nunlcr and
conlciiy, iIc dclcgaiion of ccriain of iIcir owcrs io iIc
Conniiiccs Ias lcconc a nornal raciicc. TIc auiIor Ias also
irucd io find oui iIc lasic diffcrcnccs of iIc aroacI of iIosc
conniiiccs in India and Uniicd Kingdon.
F.N. Aggarwala in Iis lool, 'Financial Conniiiccs of iIc
Indian Parliancni (A Siudy in Parliancniary Conirol ovcr
Pullic Ecndiiurc}'
43
dcscrilcs iIc financial conniiiccs of iIc
Indian Parliancni wiiI a sccial cnIasis on iIcir worling for
14 ycars, i.c., fron 1950-51 io 1963-64. TIc Financial
Conniiiccs arc iIc insiruncnis of Parliancniary conirol ovcr
ullic ccndiiurc in India. TIc worl of iIcsc Conniiiccs Ias
acquircd a sccial significancc in iIc rcscni day condiiions of
42
D.D. Jcna, Pooncnto Connttccs n Indo, Scicniific Dool Agcncy, Calcuiia,
1966.
43
F.N. Aggarwala, Fnonco Connttccs o tIc Indon Pooncnt (A Stud n
Pooncnto Conto ouc PuIc Excndtuc), S. CIand and Co., DclIi, 1966.
15
India. TIc rollcn is io siudy, in wIai nanncr, and Iow far,
iIc financial Conniiiccs of iIc Indian Parliancni Iavc
succccdcd in ccrcising iIc ncccssary vigilancc and sucrvision
ovcr ullic funds, as insiruncnis of Parliancniary conirol. TIc
auiIor also suggcsicd iIai iIc Esiinaics Conniiicc sIould
sulnii iIc rcori io iIc Housc lcforc iIc csiinaics arc aciually
voicd uon ly iIc Parliancni. TIc auiIor is againsi iIc
discussion of iIc rcoris of iIc Conniiiccs on iIc floor of iIc
Housc. Hc also finds iIai iIc invcsiigaiion of iIc Conniiiccs
aci as dcicrrcni on iIc officcrs cngagcd in scnding
Oovcrnncni noncy.
MoIan Prasad SIrivasiava and KancIan Prasad
SIrivasiava in iIc iIcir lool, 'Parliancni and Financial
Conniiiccs'
44
Iavc canincd iIai Parliancniary Conniiiccs
lay an inoriani and uscful rolc in iIc worling of Parliancni
all ovcr iIc world. TIc lool is csscniially an offlcai cffori ai
criiically analysing iIc Parliancniary accounialiliiy of ullic
cnicrriscs iIrougI Parliancniary Conniiiccs in a glolal
crscciivc. Hc also discusscs iIc cvoluiion of Parliancniary
Conniiicc, i.c., Esiinaics Conniiicc, Pullic Accounis
Conniiicc and Conniiicc on Pullic Undcrialings.
Udai Narain in Iis lool, Parliancniary Conirol of Pullic
Adninisiraiion in India'
45
dcscrilcs sonc asccis of
44
MoIan Prasad SIrivasiava and KancIan Prasad SIrivasiava, Pooncnt ond
Fnonco Connttccs, Annol Pullicaiions, Ncw DclIi, 1999.
45
Udai Narain, Pooncnto Conto o PuIc Adnnstoton n Indo, CIugI
Pullicaiions, AllaIalad, 1981.
16
Parliancniary conirol of ullic adninisiraiion. TIc asccis arc
olicics, aciiviiics, organisaiion, financc and ocraiion of iIc
Union adninisiraiion. TIcsc Iavc lccn undcrialcn for
canining iIc cffcciivcncss of Parliancniary roccdurc and
iIcrcly for asscssing iIc rolc of Parliancni as iIc ncans of
dcnocraiic dcficicncics.
S.L. SIaldIcr and M.N. Kaul wroic a lool on 'Praciicc
and Proccdurc of Parliancni in India'
46
dcal wiiI iIc
Parliancniary Conniiiccs in India. Ii discusscs iIc funciions
and worling roccdurc of iIc Esiinaics Conniiicc. Ii
dcscrilcs iIai Parliancniary dcnocracy Ias no onc aicni,
siaiic, univcrsal forn. Parliancni lilc iIc dcnocracics diffcrs
fron couniry io couniry. Parliancniary roccdurc is a living
organisn wIicI grows and dcvclos io ncci ncw siiuaiions or
suii ncw condiiions.
Vcrindcr Orovcr (cd.} in Iis lool, 'Oovcrnncni Siruciurc,
Poliiical Proccss and Adninisiraiion in India'
47
discusscs iIc
govcrnncnial siruciurc ai iIc ccnirc as wcll as iIc siaics. TIc
auiIor also discusscs aloui iIc Parliancniary conirol ovcr
govcrnncnial olicics and Iow cccuiivc is accouniallc
iowards Parliancni. Hc cnIasizcs iIai iIcrc arc iwo
oljcciivcs of financial conirol. 1} Fcgulariiy and 2} Econony.
Fcgulariiy ncans scnding iIc noncy for iIc arovcd
46
S.L. SIaldIcr and M.N. Kaul, Poctcc ond Poccduc o Pooncnt n Indo,
Mcirooliian Dool Co., Ncw DclIi, 1968.
47
Vcrindcr Orovcr, Coucnncnt Stuctuc, Potco Poccss ond Adnnstoton n
Indo, Dcc and Dcc Pullicaiions, Ncw DclIi, 1994.
17
uroscs and wiiI iIc sanciion of iIc duly consiiiuicd
auiIoriiy. Econony ncans gciiing full valuc for noncy scni.
TIc ascci of conirol is loolcd aficr ly iIc cccuiivc wing of iIc
Oovcrnncni and norc ariicularly ly iIc Financc Minisiry.
N.N. Mallya in Iis ariiclc, 'Parliancni Survcillancc of
Adninisiraiion. TIc Folc of Conniiiccs, Pariicularly Financial
Conniiiccs'
48
claloraics iIai, undcr our Consiiiuiion, iIc
Parliancni, rcrcscniing iIc sovcrcigniy of iIc colc, is
surcnc and iIai iIc calinci is a ncrc Conniiicc of iIc Housc
or carrying iis diciaics and lcIcsis.
'Parliancniary Praciiccs in India'
49
Ias lccn wriiicn ly
S.L. SIaldIcr in wIicI Ic dcscrilcs iIai our Parliancniary
roccdurc is iIc roio-iyc of iIc roccdurc oliaining in iIc
DriiisI Housc of Connons. TIougI iIcrc is sinilariiy lciwccn
iIc iwo sysicns in naiicrs of lroad rincilcs, iIcrc is widc
diffcrcncc in dciail and aciual worling. In iIis lool, iIc auiIor
nalcs a conaraiivc siudy of Parliancniary roccdurc in U.K.
and India.
In Iis worl 'Indian Adninisiraiion'
50
N. Jayaalan lricfly
dcals wiiI iIc Parliancniary Conniiiccs in India. Hc
claloraics iIc conosiiion, funciion and worling of iIc
48
N.N. Mallya, Parliancni Survcillancc of Adninisiraiion. TIc Folc of Conniiiccs,
Pariicularly Financial Conniiiccs", Jouno o Consttutono ond Pooncnto
Studcs, Vol. 1, No. 3, July-Scicnlcr 1962.
49
S.L. SIaldIcr, Pooncnto Poctccs n Indo, FcscarcI Pullicaiion Social
Scicnccs, DclIi, 1977.
50
N. Jayaalan, Indon Adnnstoton, Ailaniic PullisIcrs, Vol. 2, Ncw DclIi,
2001.
18
Esiinaics Conniiicc wIicI is quiic rclcvani for iIc rcscni
worl.
'Financial Conniiiccs ai Siaic Lcvcl'
51
Ias lccn wriiicn
ly Anil MinIas, Anril SingI, Ourla Fan CIunlcr and
Sanjccv CIanana. TIis lool dcals wiiI iIc conrcIcnsivc
siudy of Financial Conniiiccs ai siaic lcvcl. TIc lool rcscnis
iIc conosiiion, funciions, worling roccdurc and
rcconncndaiions of diffcrcni Conniiiccs. TIc significancc of
Conniiicc sysicn in a Parliancniary dcnocracy cannoi lc
ovcr-cnIasiscd. TIc sysicn of Financial Conniiiccs arc onc
of iIc inoriani illars of financial adninisiraiion. TIcrcforc,
iIcrc is cvcry nccd iIai iIcsc Conniiiccs sIould funciion
cfficicnily.
Vcrindcr Orovcr in Iis lool, 'TIc Consiiiuiion of India.
Poliiical and Consiiiuiion of India - Vol. II'
52
dcals wiiI iIc nccd
and inoriancc of conniiicc sysicn in India. Hc Ias givcn iIc
rcason wIicI lcd io iIc origin and growiI of Parliancniary
Conniiiccs wIicI is quiic uscful in sccond cIaicr.
TIc lool 'Sclcci Consiiiuiions'
53
wriiicn ly Anu CIand
Kaur aiicnis io clain iIc worling of iIc govcrnncnial
sysicn as oliainallc in England, Uniicd Siaics of Ancrica,
Swiizcrland, USSF and India. Efforis Iavc also lccn nadc io
51
Anil MinIas, Anril SingI, Ourla Fan CIunlcr and Sanjccv CIanana,
Fnonco Connttccs ot Stotc Lcuc, Asia PullisIing Housc, CIandigarI, 1990.
52
Vcrindcr Orovcr, TIc Consttuton o Indo. Potco Sstcn ond Consttuton o
Indo-2, Dcc and Dcc Pullicaiions, Ncw DclIi, 1999.
53
Anu CIand Kaur, Sccct Consttutons, S. CIand and Conany, Ncw DclIi,
1999.
19
nalc iIc conaraiivc siudy of forns, siruciurc and
organisaiion of nodcrn consiiiuiional govcrnncni.
M.N. Kaul's lool, 'Parliancniary Insiiiuiions and
Proccdurcs'
54
covcrs alnosi cvcry roccdural and organisaiional
asccis of lcgislaiurcs. TIcrc Iavc lccn a ircncndous advancc
in Parliancniary roccdurc sincc indccndcncc. In iIc
Parliancni of indccndcni India, iwo iasls canc io lc of
rinary inoriancc, iIc luilding u of an cfficicni sccrciariai
and iIc cvolving of sound roccdurcs. TIc auiIor also
IigIligIis iIc cvoluiion of Parliancni and Parliancniary
raciiccs.
SulIasI C. KasIya in Iis ionccr worl 'Our
Parliancni'
55
dcals wiiI iIc uiiliiy, iIc siruciurc, funciions and
inoriancc of Parliancniary Conniiiccs in India. Ii also
rovidcs iIc lasic infornaiion aloui iIc funciioning and
worling of Parliancni.
FancsI K. Arora and Fajni Ooyal in iIcir lool, 'Indian
Pullic Adninisiraiion Insiiiuiions and Issucs'
56
IigIligIis iIc
lcy issuc arcas of civil scrvicc rccruiincni, iraining,
accounialiliiy and iIc widcr arca of adninisiraiivc rcforns.
TIc forcgoing analysis rovidcs a survcy of iIc najor
insiruncnis of Parliancniary conirol ovcr ullic ccndiiurc. Ii
is cvidcni iIai iIc sysicn involving iIc roccss of sucI conirol
54
M.N. Kaul, Pooncnto Insttutons ond Poccducs, Naiional PullisIing
Housc, Ncw DclIi, 1978.
55
SulIasI C. KasIya, Ou Pooncnt, Naiional Dool Trusi, Ncw DclIi, 1989.
56
FancsI K. Arora and Fajni Ooyal, Indon PuIc Adnnstoton, Insttuton ond
Issucs, Ncw Agc Inicrnaiional PullisIcrs, Ncw DclIi, 2006.
20
is cIaracicriscd ly oicniial, lui noi conlcic cffcciivcncss.
TIc auiIor dcscrilcs iIai wIcncvcr iIcrc arc diffcrcnccs
lciwccn iIc Pullic Accounis Conniiicc, Conniiicc on Pullic
Undcrialing and iIc Esiinaics Conniiicc on iIc onc Iand
and iIc Oovcrnncni ninisirics and dcarincnis on iIc oiIcr,
sucI diffcrcnccs sIould lc discusscd in iIc wIolc Housc.
P.K. Waiial's lool, 'Parliancniary Financial Conirol in
India'
57
dcals wiiI iIc cvoluiion, conosiiion, funciions,
owcrs, roccdurcs, rcconncndaiions of iIc Esiinaics
Conniiicc and iis rclcvancc in India wIicI is quiic uscful for
iIc rcscni worl. TIc Parliancniary lodics conccrncd wiiI iIc
financial conirol Iavc inrovcd iIcir siaius during iIc lasi 12
ycars. TIc auiIor dcscrilcs iIc various agcncics of financial
conirol lilc Lcgislaiurc, iIc Eccuiivc Oovcrnncni, iIc Financc
Minisiry and iIc Audii dcarincni. TIc Financc Minisiry nadc
largc dclcgaiions of auiIoriiy io iIc adninisiraiivc ninisicrs
and also agrccd iIai oncc a scIcnc was includcd in iIc ludgci,
no furiIcr financial sanciion would lc ncccssary.
S. ScsIadari's lool 'Parliancniary Conirol ovcr
Financc',
58
is a dciI siudy of iIc cvoluiion, growiI and
worling of Esiinaics Conniiicc in Indian Parliancni. TIc
siriling cIaracicr of iIis Conniiicc according io ScsIadri is iis
57
P.K. Waiial, Pooncnto Fnonco Conto n Indo, Mincrva Dool SIo,
Donlay, 1962.
58
S. ScsIadri, Pooncnto Conto ouc Fnoncc, Allicd PullisIcrs, Ncw DclIi,
1975.
21
non-ariy aroacI and iis aliliiy io wiiIsiand oliiical
rcssurc.
TIc lool 'Parliancni and Adninisiraiion in India'
59
ly
L.M. SingIvi dcals wiiI iIc Parliancniary conirol ovcr iIc
Eccuiivc. TIc adcquacy of cisiing roccdurcs and iIc inaci
of Esiinaics Conniiicc on adninisiraiion Ias lccn dcscrilcd.
TIc funciional francworl of nodcrn Parliancni consianily
lrings iIcn inio coniaci wiiI cccuiivc and adninisiraiivc
dcarincnis. As an clccioral cIanlcr, a lcgislaiurc sucrviscs
adninisiraiion, cvaluaics ii, criiicizcs ii, rcacis io ii, suoris ii
and lring ii inio accouni. Ii is inoriani in an cffcciivc
Parliancniary sysicn io rcscrvc coniinuous inicrcIangc and
inicraciion lciwccn Parliancni and adninisiraiion and io
syniIcsizc accounialiliiy and cvoluiion wiiI auionony and
cfficicncy. TIc rcscni volunc sccls io caninc iIc rollcns of
inicrrclaiionsIi lciwccn Parliancni and adninisiraiion in
dciail.
In anoiIcr worl ly SulIasI C. KasIya on
'Parliancniary Conniiiccs'
60
lricfly dcals wiiI iIc Conniiicc
siruciurc iIc iycs of Parliancniary Conniiiccs, iIcir
conosiiion and funciions oliaining in sonc counirics viz.,
India, Ausiralia, U.K., U.S.A., Canada and Francc. TIc auiIor
dcscrilcs iIai iIc Parliancniary Conniiiccs lay an inoriani
59
L.M. SingIvi, Pooncnt ond Adnnstoton n Indo, Mcirooliian Dool Co.,
DclIi, 1992.
60
SulIasI C. KasIya, Pooncnto Connttccs, Lol SalIa Sccrciariai, Ncw
DclIi, 1988.
22
rolc in iIc worling of lcgislaiurcs all ovcr iIc world. Morcovcr
wiiI iIc incrcasing lusincss and canding funciions of
nodcrn Parliancnis, incrcasing usc of Conniiiccs is an
cvidcni in alnosi all Parliancnis of iIc world.
S.F. MaIcsIwari in Iis lool, 'Indian Adninisiraiion on
Hisiorical Accounis'
61
dcals wiiI iIc rcoris of Esiinaics
Conniiicc and Ic Ias suggcsicd iIc alicrnaiivc olicics in
ordcr io lring aloui cfficicncy and cconony in adninisiraiion.
TIc Esiinaics Conniiicc of Parliancni Ias sicadily cncrgcd
as a insignificani agcni of adninisiraiivc rcforns in iIc
nacIincry of govcrnancc of India.
SulIasI C. KasIya wroic a lool on 'Parliancni
Proccdurc'
62
and iIc 2
nd
volunc of iIis lool dcals wiiI iIc
iIrcc Financial Conniiiccs, nancly Esiinaics Conniiicc, iIc
Pullic Accounis Conniiicc and iIc Pullic Undcrialings
Conniiicc in Indian Parliancni wIicI is quiic rclcvani in iIc
2
nd
cIaicr of iIc rcscni worl.
M.P. SIrivasiava in Iis lool, 'Parliancniary
Accounialiliiy and Sucrvision ovcr Pullic Enicrriscs'
63
discusscd iIc various issucs of Parliancniary accounialiliiy of
ullic cnicrriscs ly giving sonc canlcs of dcvclocd and
dcvcloing naiions lilc U.K., U.S.A., Tanzania, Nigcria for
61
S.F. MaIcsIwari, Indon Adnnstoton on Hstoco Accounts, JawaIar
PullisIcrs, Ncw DclIi, 1994.
62
SulIasI C. KasIya, Pooncnt Poccduc, Univcrsal Law PullisIing Co.,
DclIi, 2000.
63
M.P. SIrivasiava, Pooncnto AccountoIt ond Sucuson ouc PuIc
Entcscs, Dcc and Dcc Pullicaiions, Ncw DclIi, 1992.
23
criiical, cffcciivc and conaraiivc analysis of iIc Parliancniary
accounialiliiy in India. Hc also analyscs iIc nain
Parliancniary wcaons of cnforcing accounialiliiy of ullic
cnicrriscs sucI as Parliancniary Dclaics and Parliancniary
Conniiiccs i.c., Pullic Accounis Conniiicc, Esiinaics
Conniiicc and Pullic Undcrialings Conniiicc.
O.C. MalIoira in Iis lool, 'Fifiy Ycars of Indian
Parliancni'
64
dcscrilcs iIai Parliancniary dcnocracy in India
Ias faccd various cIallcngcs succcssfully. Our Parliancni is
laying a crucial rolc in ronoiing iIc lofiy idcals of our
Consiiiuiion, nancly ariiciaiivc dcnocracy, social and
rcligious luralisn, social jusiicc and graving ooriuniiics for
iIc ciiizcns io ialc ari of iIc naiions rogrcss in diffcrcni
ficlds social, ccononic and iccInological cic.
C.P. DIanlIari in Iis lool on 'Parliancniary Conirol
ovcr Financc in India'
65
dcals wiiI iIc financial adninisiraiion
of iIc Indian Oovcrnncni. Hc Ias also cvaluaicd iIc worling
and lcgiiinacy of various Conniiiccs. Hc Ias conarcd iIc
financial adninisiraiion of India wiiI iIai of Orcai Driiain.
N.F. Inandar in 'TIc Esiinaics Conniiicc and
Adninisiraiivc Accounialiliiy'
66
aiicnis io caninc iIc
worling of Esiinaics Conniiicc. TIc auiIor dcscrilcs iIai iIc
64
O.C. MalIoira, Ft Ycos o Indon Pooncnt, Lol SalIa Sccrciariai, Ncw
DclIi, 2002.
65
C.P. DIanlIri, Pooncnto Conto ouc Fnoncc n Indo, Educaiion and Ncw
PullisIcrs, Ncw DclIi, 1976.
66
N.F. Inandar, TIc Esiinaics Conniiicc and Adninisiraiion Accounialiliiy",
TIc Indon Jouno o PuIc Adnnstoton, Vol. XXIX, No. 3, July-Scicnlcr
1983.
24
accounialiliiy is iIc rcsonsililiiy of iIc cccuiivc io givc
answcr io iIc rcrcscniaiivc lody of iIc colc. Ccriain
suggcsiions Iavc lccn offcrcd io sircanlinc and aciivaic iIc
worling of iIc Esiinaics Conniiicc. TIc owcr of
adninisiraiivc accounialiliiy is vcsicd in iIc Parliancni and
iIc Siaic Lcgislaiurc. Ii would lc aciivcly ocraiionaliscd only
wiiI iIc aciivc ariiciaiion in iis ccrcisc ly iIcir ncnlcrs.
K.N. Daisya in Iis lool, 'Financial Adninisiraiion in India
(TIcory and Praciicc}'
67
discusscs a sound financial
adninisiraiion ioucIing cvcry organ irrcscciivc of rivaic or
ullic wIicI would nalc iIc siaic siruciurc sirongcr, iIc
foundaiion of cconony soundcr and colc Iaicr. Ii also
rovidcs us iIc lnowlcdgc aloui iIc financial accounialiliiy of
cccuiivc io lcgislaiurc. Dcvcloncni of cconony ains ai
acIicvcncni iIrougI long crscciivc succcssivc lanning. TIc
ludgci lcing iIc scgncni of a long crscciivc lan lcars iIc
lasic and cardinal rincilc rclaiing io rinc oljcciivcs.
Dasil CIull in Iis lool on 'TIc Conirol of Pullic
Ecndiiurc'
68
dcals wiiI iIc iwo Financial Conniiiccs. TIc
Esiinaics Conniiicc and iIc Pullic Accounis Conniiicc of
iIc Housc of Connons of England. Ii is a siudy of sonc
asccis of arliancniary and adninisiraiivc roccdurc in iIc
19
iI
and 20
iI
ccniurics. Ii was noi uniil iIc niddlc of 19
iI
67
K.N. Daisya, Fnonco Adnnstoton n Indo (TIco ond Poctcc), Hinalaya
PullisIing Housc, Donlay, 1986.
68
Dasil CIull, TIc Conto o PuIc Excndtuc, Oford Univcrsiiy Prcss, London,
1957.
25
ccniury iIai a conlcic sysicn and adcquaic nacIincry of
conirol wcrc cvolvcd.
S.L. Oocl in Iis lool, 'Pullic Financial Adninisiraiion'
69
dcscrilcs iIai iIcrc is a grcai financial crisis ai all lcvcls of
Oovcrnncni i.c. union io local lcvcls. Financial dcvcloncni
and socio-ccononic dcvcloncni arc inicrlinlcd. Financc
accclcraics iIc roccss of ccononic growiI and iIai is wIy iIc
ninisiry of financc nusi aiicnd io financcs of iIc couniry in a
rudcni nanncr. Financial nanagcncni nusi lc givcn io
rioriiy as iIc cniirc funciioning of iIc nacIincry of
govcrnncni dccnds on financcs. In iIis lool, concrcic
suggcsiions Iavc lccn givcn io nalc usc of iIc financcs
cfficicnily io cnsurc financial sialiliiy and dcvcloncni as wcll
as io facc iIc forccs of glolalisaiion and rivaiizaiion cic.
W.H. Morris-Joncs in Iis worl, 'Parliancni in India'
70
dcals wiiI iIc financial Conniiiccs of India. Sincc Indian
oliiical insiiiuiions owc nucI io DriiisI ccricncc, ii Ias
lccn difficuli wIolly io avoid ailcasi inlicii conarisons wiiI
DriiisI raciicc. NcvcriIclcss, an aiicni Ias lccn nadc, for ii
is ccriainly norc inoriani io ncasurc oliiical insiiiuiions
and lcIaviour againsi naiional cIaracicr and naiional nccds.
69
S.L. Oocl, PuIc Fnonco Adnnstoton, Dcc and Dcc Pullicaiions, Ncw
DclIi, 2002.
70
W.H. Morris-Joncs, Pooncnt n Indo, Longnans Orccn and Co., London,
1957.
26
A. Prcn CIand's lool, 'Conirol of Pullic Ecndiiurc in
India',
71
dcals wiiI iwo Financial Conniiiccs i.c., iIc Esiinaics
Conniiicc and iIc Pullic Accounis Conniiicc. TIcsc
conniiiccs sulcncni iIc conirol ai iIc iniiial siagc wIcrc
funds arc voicd ly iIc Parliancni. EacI conniiicc in iis own
way irics io cnsurc iIai iIc oljcciivcs of Parliancniary conirol
is fulfillcd. TIc auiIor oinis oui iIai iIcrc arc ccriain
Iindranccs in iIis rcgard wIicI cffcci iIcir cffcciivc conirol on
Pullic financc.
Aniya K. CIaudIari wroic a lool on 'Lcgislaiivc Conirol
ovcr Pullic Adninisiraiion'
72
and in iIis lool, iIc auiIor
dcscrilcs iIc concci of conirol of iIc cccuiivc ly iIc
lcgislaiurc. Ii invcsiigaic in dciail, iIc iIrcc Financial
Conniiiccs i.c. Pullic Accounis Conniiicc, iIc Esiinaics
Conniiicc and iIc Pullic Undcrialings Conniiicc. Dcsidcs
iIis, iIc auiIor Ias also givcn nany suggcsiions io inrovc iIc
worling of conniiiccs.
Jyoii Miira in Icr lool, 'Woncn and Sociciy; Equaliiy and
Enowcrncni'
73
laid sircss on social, ccononic and oliiical
cqualiiy anong ncn and woncn and iIc nccd for woncn
cnowcrncni. SIc cnIasizcd iIc nccd io ovcrconc iIc
olsiaclcs in Icr way iowards woncn cnowcrncni. AliIougI
71
A. Prcn CIand, Conto o PuIc Excndtuc n Indo, Allicd PullisIcrs, Ncw
Yorl, 1963.
72
Aniya K. CIaudIari, Lcgsotuc Conto ouc PuIc Adnnstoton, Mincrva
Associaiion, Calcuiia, 1993.
73
Jyoii Miira, Voncn ond Socct. Equot ond Enoucncnt, KanisIla
PullisIcrs, Ncw DclIi, 1997.
27
woncn consiiiuic Ialf of iIc oulaiion lui siill considcrcd
infcrior io ncn. SIc criiicizcd iIc iccInological rcvoluiion,
wIicI lrougIi conforis for Iunan lifc lui failcd io lroadcn iIc
vision of nalc counicraris.
K.C. Vidya's worl, 'Poliiical Enowcrncni of Woncn ai
iIc Orassroois'
74
dcscrilcd iIc rolc of woncn in an
insiiiuiion/organizaiion. SIc Ias dcscrilcd iIc cncrging
aiicrn of woncn lcadcrsIi, iIcir ariiciaiion in iIc dccision
naling roccss, iIcir influcncc in and inaci on iIc ovcrall
dcvcloncni of woncn csccially in iIc rural arcas.
Swcia MisIra in Icr ariiclc, 'Woncn and 73
rd
Consiiiuiional Ancndncni Aci. A Criiical Araisal'
75
clains
iIc osiiion of woncn in rcscni arcna. Woncn laycd a
dunny rolc in conarison io iIcir nalc counicrari in iIc
sociciy. SIc suggcsis iIai awarcncss, oliiical cducaiion,
canaigns cic. lay an inoriani rolc in crcaiing awarcncss
anong woncn. TIis can lc ossillc only ly giving iIcn norc
ooriuniiics of ariiciaiion in oliiical roccss.
AnoiIcr inoriani worl on 'Pcolc, Parliancni and
Adninisiraiion' Ias lccn conducicd ly Dalran JalIar.
76
Ii
rovidcs a dciailcd accouni of iIc funciioning and rolc of iIc
Esiinaics Conniiicc in iIc Indian Parliancni. TIis lool is
74
K.C. Vidya, Potco Enoucncnt o Voncn ot tIc Cossoots, KanisIla
PullisIcrs, Ncw DclIi, 1977.
75
Swcia MisIra, Woncn and 73
rd
Consiiiuiional Ancndncni Aci. A Criiical
Araisal", Soco Acton, Vol. 47, No. 2, January-MarcI 1997.
76
Dalran JalIar, Pcoc, Pooncnt ond Adnnstoton, Mcirooliian, Ncw DclIi,
1982.
28
norc lilc a Iandlool for iIc Parliancniarians. TIc auiIor of
iIc lool Iad sccn raciical ascci and is of iIc vicw iIai iIc
Esiinaics Conniiicc cndcavour io undcrialc iIc iasl of
dciailcd scruiiny of govcrnncni scnding and crfornancc is
quiic arcciallc.
FoncsI CIandra MisIra's lool, 'Folc of Woncn in
Lcgislaiurcs in India. A Siudy',
77
dcals wiiI iIc inoriancc of
lcgislaiivc siudics wIicI Ias incrcascd in iIc rcccni dccadcs. In
iIis lool, iIc auiIor Ias nadc an aiicni io analysc iIc
socio-ccononic rofilc and rolc of woncn lcgislaiors in Orissa.
India aficr indccndcncc crcaicd a ncw oliiical ordcr in wIicI
iIc Consiiiuiional infrasiruciurc guaraniccd cqual rigIis and
ooriuniiics for oliiical ariiciaiion for all. In rcaliiy, woncn
Iavc rcnaincd away fron iIc oliiics. TIc sics iowards
cnowcrncni of woncn arc siill lacling loldncss.
F.C. Swaranlar Ias found in Iis lool, 'Poliiical Eliic. A
Sociological Siudy of Lcgislaiors in FajasiIan',
78
iIai oliiical
cliic lays an inoriani rolc in iIc fornulaiion of olicics,
ccononic lanning and socio-oliiical rcforns in Indian sociciy.
TIcir Icicrogcncous socio-ccononic nalc u rcrcscnis iIc
diffcrcni scciions of iIc sociciy. TIc auiIor analyscs iIc socio-
culiural rofilc of FajasiIan oliiics wIicI rovidc iIc lasc for
iracing iIc funciioning of iIc lcgislaiivc cliic.
77
FoncsI CIandra MisIra, Foc o Voncn n Lcgsotucs n Indo. A Stud, Annol
Pullicaiions, Ncw DclIi, 2000.
78
F.C. Swaranlar, Potco Etc. A Socoogco Stud o Lcgsotos n FoostIon,
Fawai Pullicaiions, Jaiur, 1998.
29
Hircn MulIcrjcc in Iis lool 'India and Parliancni'
79
dcscrilcs iIc roccss of Parliancniary sysicn in India. TIc
DriiisI Parliancniary sysicn is gcncrally iIougIi of as iIc
world's oldcsi canlc of lcgislaiurc. TIc auiIor also dcscrilcd
iIc Iisiory of iIc Financial Conniiiccs and csccially of iIc
Esiinaics Conniiiccs as a valuallc siorc of lnowlcdgc for a
rcscarcIcr.
Ivor Jcnnings in Iis worl on 'Parliancni',
80
aiicnis io
rovidc a good survcy of iIc worling of iIc DriiisI Parliancni.
TIc Esiinaics Conniiicc Ias lccn originaicd fron iIc Orcai
Driiain in iIc ycar 1912. TIc worl is uscful in cvaluaiing iIc
Iisiorical laclground of iIc Esiinaics Conniiicc. TIc auiIor
Ias also discusscd iIc various siagcs of iIc Esiinaics
Conniiicc and iIc financial conirol of iIc Parliancni.
AnoiIcr worl on 'Olinscs of iIc Worling of iIc
Parliancni'
81
ly S.L. SIaldIar is a uscful siudy on iIc
Iisiorical laclground, funciions and rolc of Parliancni. TIc
worl lasically rclaicd wiiI iIc rulcs, roccdurc and conduci of
lusincss in iIc Indian Parliancni.
A.F. MulIcrjca in Iis worl 'Parliancniary Proccdurcs in
India',
82
dcscrilcd iIc rulcs and roccdurcs rclaiing io iIc
worling of conniiicc of iIc Indian Parliancni. TIc siudy
79
Hircn MulIcrjcc, Indo ond Pooncnt, Pcolc's PullisIing Housc, Ncw DclIi,
1962.
80
Ivor Jcnnings, Pooncnt, TIc Univcrsiiy Prcss, Canlridgc, 1969.
81
S.L. SIaldIar, Cnscs o tIc VoIng o Pooncnt, Mcirooliian, Ncw DclIi,
1977.
82
A.F. MulIcrjca, Pooncnto Poccduc n Indo, 3
rd
cd., Oford Univcrsiiy
Prcss, Calcuiia, 1983.
30
lasically focuscd on iIc cncrgcncc of iIc Esiinaics Conniiicc
in Lol SalIa in 1950, wIicI is quiic rclcvani in iIc 2
nd
CIaicr of iIc rcscni worl. CIaicr 12 in ariicular, on iIc
sysicn of conniiiccs; iIc dcscriiion of iIc worl and
roccdurcs of iIc individual conniiiccs Ias also lccn
discusscd in grcaicr dciail.
F.D. Jain in Iis worl on 'Indian Parliancni; Innovaiions,
Fcforns and Dcvcloncni'
83
dcals wiiI iIc funciions and rolc
of various conniiiccs in Indian Parliancni. Hc analyscs iIc
aciion ialcn rcoris of iIc various Financial Conniiiccs of iIc
Indian Parliancni wIicI is quiic infornaiivc in iIc rcscni
worl.
AnoiIcr worl on 'Parliancni and Pullic Ecndiiurc in
India'
84
ly Lani Narain, is a uscful siudy on iIc Conniiicc on
Pullic Undcrialings. In iIis lool, iIc auiIor dcscrilcs iIc
conosiiion, siruciurc, Iisiorical laclground and iis inaci.
Accounialiliiy of iIc ullic sccior cnicrriscs io iIc ullic
iIrougI iIc Parliancni is csscniial and iIc Conniiicc on
Pullic Undcrialings lay a vcry lcy rolc in cnsuring iIc
accounialiliiy. TIc conniiicc Ias an inoriani rolc io
IigIligIi noi only iIc rolc and inoriancc of iIc ullic sccior
lui also in naling consiruciivc suggcsiions io cnsurc iIai iIc
ullic sccior cnicrriscs gcis cffcciivc Icl in iIc rollcn faccd
83
F.D. Jain, TIc Indon Pooncnt. Innouotons Fcons ond Dcuconcnt, SouiI
Asia Dools, India, 1976.
84
Lani Narain, Pooncnt ond PuIc Excndtuc n Indo, S. CIand and
Conany, Ncw DclIi, 1979.
31
ly iis nanagcncni wIicI arc lcyond fron iis conirol. Onc of
iIc najor iasls crforncd ly iIc conniiicc is io idcniify iIc
faciors rcsonsillc for iIc crfornancc or lacl of ii and suggcsi
rcvcniivc ncasurcs io inrovc iIc siiuaiion. TIc Conniiicc
on Pullic Undcrialings is iIc lcsi sourcc of auiIoriiaiivc and
nucI dciailcd infornaiion aloui iIcsc cnicrriscs.
'Lcgislaiivc Conirol ovcr Oovcrnncni Ecndiiurc'
85
is
wriiicn ly D.P. SingI is anoiIcr inoriani worl in wIicI iIc
auiIor dcscrilcd iIc conosiiion, funciions and worls of
roccdurc of Pullic Accounis Conniiicc and Esiinaics
Conniiicc of DiIar VidIan SalIa. TIc sirii of Dcnocracy
livcs only so long as iIc rcrcscniaiivcs of iIc colc, wIo sii
ciiIcr in iIc Parliancni or in a Siaic Lcgislaiurc, ccrcisc dircci
conirol ovcr iIc financcs of iIc Couniry or iIc Siaic conccrncd
and considcr noi only Iow noncy rcccivcd fron iIc colc is io
lc scni lui also Iow ii Ias lccn scni. An aiicni Ias lccn
nadc io siudy iIc lcgislaiurc and iis Financial Conniiiccs
(Pullic Accounis Conniiicc and Esiinaics Conniiicc} in
conncciion wiiI iIc financial conirol ovcr iIc govcrnncni of
DiIar VidIan SalIa.
AsIola CIalravariy in Iis lool 'Lcgislaiivc Poliiics in
India'
86
aiicnis io analyzc iIc various Conniiicc Sysicns
wIicI rcvails in lcgislaiurc counirics lilc India, England,
85
D.P. SingI, Lcgsotuc Conto Ouc Coucnncnt Excndtuc, D.F. PullisIing
Cororaiion, DclIi, 1986.
86
AsIola CIalravariy, Lcgsotuc Potcs n Indo, FadIa Pullicaiions, Ncw DclIi,
1991.
32
Ancrica, cic. Ii dcfincs Iow iIc lcgislaiurc canc inio cisicncc
in India. TIc nalcrs of iIc Consiiiuiion of frcc India faccd an
uIill iasl. TIc oular will as wcll as iIc official oinion loiI
advocaicd iIc csiallisIncni of an All India Fcdcraiion as iIc
nosi saiisfaciory soluiion of iIc Indian Poliiical ianglc. TIc
rcscni worl dcals wiiI iIc osiiion and worling of sccond
cIanlcr in a nunlcr of lcading counirics of iIc world and
iraccs in dciail iIc Iisiory of sccond cIanlcr in India. Hc also
analyscd iIc circunsianccs and faciors iIai wcrc rcsonsillc
for coniinuing wiiI li-cancralisn ai iIc union and in iIc
siaics undcr iIc Consiiiuiion of India.
FancsI K Arora's 'Pullic Adninisiraiion in India.
Tradiiion Trcnds and Transfornaiions'
87
iIrows ligIi on iIc
social, culiurc, Iisiorical and oliiical conici in wIicI iIc
Indian Adninisiraiivc sysicn funciions. Ii also canincs iIc
inaci of Pullic Adninisiraiivc Organizaiions on iIcir
surrounding cnvironncnial siruciurc. In iIis lool, Ic
dcscrilcd iIc various issucs and insiruncnis of accounialiliiy.
TIc auiIor dcscrilcs iIc various agcncics of financial conirol
lilc iIc lcgislaiurc, iIc Eccuiivc Oovcrnncni, iIc Financc
Minisiry and iIc Audii Dcarincni. Parliancniary Conniiicc
in India for a long iinc Iad lccn criiicizing iIc ovcr-ludgciing
and dcfcciivc conirol of ccndiiurc in iIcir annual rcoris.
TIc Financc Minisiry nadc largc dclcgaiions of auiIoriiy io iIc
87
FancsI K. Arora, PuIc Adnnstoton n Indo. Todton, Tcnds ond
Tonsonoton, Paragon Inicrnaiional PullisIcrs, Ncw DclIi, 2006.
33
Adninisiraiivc Minisicrs and also agrccd iIai oncc a scIcnc
was includcd in iIc ludgci no furiIcr financial sanciion would
lc ncccssary.
'Oovcrnncni Dudgciing. Princilcs and Praciiccs'
88
wroic
ly N. Judarsanan rovidcs a conrcIcnsivc covcragc on iIc
various iIcorciical and raciical asccis of Oovcrnncni
Dudgciing. Ii dcals wiiI origin, funciions and owcrs of
Parliancniary Conniiiccs. Dudgciing is an inoriani
cononcni of financial adninisiraiion, aari of iIc ioial
roccss of adninisiraiion. Dudgciing assuncs grcaicr
significancc as iIc Union and siaic Oovcrnncni in India arc
caugIi in scrious financial siiuaiion. As sucI Dudgciing is
cnloycd ly iIc Oovcrnncni as a sccial iool io dircci and
conirol iIc affairs of iIc naiion.
Anuana SingI in Iis inoriani worl 'Durcaucracy ai
iIc Orassroois Lcvcls in India'
89
Ias iIorougIly discusscd iIc
socio-ccononic rofilc of iIc officials and iIc lcncficiarics, io
caninc iIc siruciural dcficicncics in iIc adninisiraiivc sci u
ai iIc llocl lcvcl, in rccruiincni, ronoiion and io caninc iIc
rolc of lurcaucrais wiiI rcgard io olicics. TIc indicaiors lilc
agc, cducaiion, ccononic siaius and fanily laclground arc
uscd io lnow iIc diffcrcncc of class, casic and ccononic siaius
of officials and lcncficiarics.
88
N. Judarsanan, Coucnncnt Hudgctng. Pnccs ond Poctccs, Sircci
Pullicaiions, CIcnnai, 2001.
89
Anuana SingI, Hucoucoc ot tIc Cossoots Lcuc n Indo, KanisIla
PullisIcrs, Disiriluiors, Ncw DclIi, 2006.
34
'Poliiical Eliics'
90
wriiicn ly S. Nagcndra Anlcdlar dcals
wiiI iIc ncnlcrs of 8
iI
Lcgislaiivc Asscnlly in AndIra
PradcsI. TIc lcgislaiurcs in dcvcloing counirics icnd io lc
conoscd of norc cducaicd, urlan dwclling individuals drawn
fron iIc ucr-niddlc siraia of sociciy sincc iIcy Iavc iIc
vcrlal slills, iIc ncccssary naicrial rcsourcc io gci clccicd io
iIc rcrcscniaiivc insiiiuiions. TIc ncnlcr of asscnlly lay
an inoriani rolc in any oliiical sysicn, and occuy a vcry
inoriani osiiion in iIc consiiiuiional francworl. Ii
IigIligIis iIc socio-ccononic laclground of lcgislaiivc cliics of
iIc siaic. TIcsc variallcs lilc cducaiion, casic, agc, rcligion,
rofcssion, cic. arc vcry ncccssary for gciiing iIc ncnlcrsIi
in iIc asscnlly. Ii also cvaluaics iIc govcrnncnial
crfornancc, iIcir crcciion on various inoriani issucs for
solving rollcns.
A lool cniiilcd 'Ecology of Eliic Fccruiincni'
91
wriiicn ly
H.S. Dcol rcscnis an cIausiivc and analyiical siudy of iIc
various cisiing cliic iIcorics. Ii ains ai cloring iIc rolc of
casic, class, rcligion, gcndcr conosiiion, rofcssion and
various oiIcr allicd faciors in iIc rccruiincni and sclcciion of
oliiical cliics. Hc suggcsis Iow iIc socio-ccononic laclground
of a crson lays a viial rolc in dcicrnining a crson's oliiical
ooriuniiy. Ii rovidcs an idca of iIc vcry inoriani
90
S. Nagcndra Anlcdlar, Potco Etc, Priniwcll, Jaiur, 1991.
91
H.S. Dcol, Ecoog o Etc Fccutncnt, Fajnindra PullisIcrs and Disiriluiors,
JalandIar, 1987.
35
inicraciions lciwccn iIc anicccdcnis of iIc cliic and iIc
rcvailing socio-oliiical condiiions of iIc siaic.
Oljcciivcs of iIc Siudy
TIc nain oljcciivcs of iIc siudy arc as following.
1. To siudy iIc cvoluiion of Financial Parliancniary
Conniiiccs in India.
2. To lnow iIc socio-ccononic rofilc of iIc ncnlcrs of
Esiinaics Conniiiccs in Punjal.
3. To lnow iIc rcason for lcss nunlcr of woncn ncnlcrs
ariiciaiion in iIc aciiviiics of Esiinaics Conniiicc.
4. To analyzc iIc crfornancc and worling of Esiinaics
Conniiicc fron 1992 io 2007 in Punjal.
5. To caninc and classify iIc rcconncndaiions
inlcncnicd ly iIc govcrnncni.
HyoiIcscs
Kccing in vicw iIc oljcciivcs of iIc siudy, iIc following
IyoiIcscs Iavc lccn francd.
1. TIc Conniiicc lacls adcquaic owcr io nainiain iis
cffcciivc conirol ovcr Pullic Financc.
2. TIc Fcconncndaiions of iIc conniiicc yci arc gcncrally
acccicd ly iIc govcrnncni, lui arc noi acicd uon.
3. TIc Conniiicc lacls iIc ccri assisiancc of iIc
conirollcr and Audiior Ocncral as rovidcd io iIc Pullic
Accounis Conniiicc.
4. SIori icnurc of iIc ncnlcrs of iIc Esiinaics Conniiicc
is a lig Iurdlc in iIc rocr funciioning of iIc conniiicc.
36
5. TIc Fcconncndaiions of iIc conniiicc arc, ai lcsi,
advisory and ii is iIc govcrnncni wIicI uliinaicly
dccidcs wIciIcr iIcy Iavc io lc inlcncnicd or noi.
FcscarcI MciIodology
For iIc rcscarcI worl, loiI rinary as wcll as sccondary
sourccs Iavc lccn uscd. In iIis siudy, Iisiorical as wcll as
analyiical nciIods Iavc lccn cnloycd. Hisiorical nciIod Ias
lccn uscd io siudy iIc facis wIicI lcd io iIc inclusion of
Financial Conniiiccs in India. analyiical nciIod Ias lccn
alicd io cvaluaic iIc worling of Esiinaics Conniiiccs.
Inicrvicw and qucsiionnairc wcrc iIc nain nciIod iIrougI
wIicI iIc daia Ias lccn collccicd. Inicrvicw scIcdulc rovidc
iIc lcsi ncan of discussing iIc vicws, aciions and rcaciions of
iIc inicrvicwcrs rcgarding iIc issucs io lc invcsiigaicd. Sonc
rcscni, c-ncnlcrs and colc worling wiiI iIc Conniiicc
wcrc inicrvicwcd for iIc infornaiion. TIcsc inicrvicws wcrc vcry
Iclful in undcrsianding iIc worling of iIc Conniiicc. TIc
infornaiion is collccicd iIrougI ficldworl. Aari fron iIis, a
nunlcr of difficuliics wcrc faccd during inicrvicw criod. A lisi
of 70 ncnlcrs was rcarcd and iIc infornaiion was collccicd
ly ncan of randon sanling nciIod.
Dcsidcs iIis, scvcral oiIcr official docuncnis sucI as
Punjal VidIan SalIa Dclaics, iIc Fulcs of Proccdurc and
Conduci of Dusincss in iIc Punjal VidIan SalIa, WIo's WIo
of iIc Punjal VidIan SalIa, Inicrnal Worling Fulcs of iIc
Esiinaics Conniiicc of Punjal, Fcoris and Fcsunc of iIc
37
Esiinaics Conniiicc and Annual Fcvicws of iIc Esiinaics
Conniiicc Ias lccn uscd for an analysis of iIc funciioning of
iIc Esiinaics Conniiicc. TIc sccondary sourccs conrisc of
infornaiion oliaincd fron lools, journals, ncwsacrs and
rcscarcI ariiclcs, cic.
CIaicrisaiion of iIc Siudy
TIc worl Ias lccn dividcd inio si cIaicrs including
iniroduciion and conclusion.
1. Iniroduciion. TIc firsi cIaicr includcs iniroduciion of
iIc ioic, significancc of iIc siudy, scoc of iIc siudy,
oljcciivcs IyoiIcscs and rcscarcI nciIodology. Ii also
rcscnis a rcvicw of cisiing liicraiurc and cIaicrizaiion
of iIc siudy.
2. Sccond CIaicr dcals wiiI iIc cvoluiion of Financial
Parliancniary Conniiiccs in India lilc Esiinaics
Conniiicc, Pullic Accounis Conniiicc and Conniiicc
on Pullic Undcrialings.
3. TIird CIaicr rclaics wiiI iIc conniiicc sysicn in
Punjal. Ii includcs iIc conosiiion and funciions of
Financial as wcll as Non-Financial Conniiiccs of Punjal.
4. FouriI CIaicr associaicd wiiI iIc socio-ccononic
rofilc of iIc ncnlcrs of Esiinaics Conniiicc of Punjal
1992-2007. TIc daia is rclaicd io iIc socio-ccononic
faciors sucI as agc, casic, rofcssion, cducaiional
qualificaiion, rcligion, gcndcr, cic.
38
5. FifiI CIaicr is rclaicd wiiI iIc conosiiion, funciion
and ii focuscs on iIc worling roccdurc of iIc Esiinaics
Conniiicc of iIc Punjal VidIan SalIa 1992-2007 on iIc
lasis of infornaiion. An aiicni Ias lccn nadc io lnow
iIc ioial ncciings, ncciings Icld ai CIandigarI and Icld
ouisidc CIandigarI. How nany ncciings wcrc adjourncd
for wani of quorun?
6. SiiI CIaicr dcals wiiI iIc rcconncndaiion of iIc
Esiinaics Conniiicc in Punjal during 1992-2007. TIc
Conniiicc analyscd iIai Iow nany rcconncndaiions
Iavc lccn inlcncnicd ly govcrnncni or noi.
6. ScvcniI CIaicr wIicI onc is iIc lasi cIaicr of iIc
siudy iraccs iIc findings of iIc iIcsis. Ii coniains sonc
suggcsiions wIicI if adoicd will go a long way in
inroving iIc funciioning of iIc Esiinaics Conniiicc of
Punjal.