Routing Optimization in NEMO Thierry Ernst

WIDE / Keio University ernst@sf !"i#e!a#!$p http%//"""!sf !"i#e!a#!$p/&ernst/ http%//"""!nauti'us(!org

Thierry Ernst IRTF Routing Research Group - August 2004

TOC NEMO WG's NEMO Basic Support specification NEMO WG Status on RO Mobility Problem Potential RO Approaches RO a la MIP

Thierry Ernst - IRTF Routing Research Group - August 2004

IETF NEMO Basic Support: draft-ietf-nemo-basic-support Assumption!

All MNNs ha"e an a##ress on NEMO$Prefi% &oA boun# to NEMO$Prefi%

Re'istration
Re'istration (ith )A!
NEMO-prefix-> MR' CoA

instea# of
MR's HoA-> MR's CoA

)A recor#s a net(or*$specific route instea# of host$specific Bi#irectional tunnel bet(een MR an# )A

Internet HA
Prefix 1/60 ->Prefix2::/128 (MRCoA)

Prefix P1/48
MR

S:MR D:HA Prefix P2/64

MR

ARNEMO-Prefix

NEMO-Prefix P1/60

NEMO-Prefix P1/60

Thierry Ernst - IRTF Routing Research Group - August 2004

IETF NEMO Basic Support: draft-ietf-nemo-basic-support Routin'

Encapsulation bet(een )A an# MR in BO+) #irections Not optimal solution, but 'uarantee mobile net(or*s are supporte# (ith minimal effort

S:CN D:LFN
Internet HA
Prefix 1/60 ->MR CoA

P1/48

S:HA D:MR-CoA ARS:CN D:LFN P2/64

MR

NEMO-Prefix P1/60 S:CN D:LFN

Thierry Ernst - IRTF Routing Research Group - August 2004

NEMO Basic Support Issue: Nested Mobility &ost of multiple encapsulation

Pac*et si-e . Pac*et /ra'mentation 0PM+12 3atency MR2 Processin' o"erhea# at MR, )A E%tremely sub$optimal routin' 0Pin Ball routin'2
HA2 HA1 CN LFN AR MR1 Internet

Sol in"esti'ate# in!

#raft$n'$nemo$access$router$option$445t%t #raft$thubert$nemo$re"erse$routin'$hea#er$ 465t%t Others

MR2 LFN

Thierry Ernst - IRTF Routing Research Group - August 2004

NEMO WG: Status on RO Many personal propositions ha"e been submitte#

7a la Mobile IP" 8 type +hey usually #o not a##ress the same issues, or all of them +ra#eoffs!
Which entity to modify (MR, CN, MNN, intermediate router)

+he WG is chartere# to pro#uce a problem statement #ocument 0analysis of the solution space2
#raft$thubert$nemo$ro$ta%onomy #eals (ith some of the RO issues, but not all

+he WG (ill #eci#e (hat to #o ne%t base# on the results of the analysis 9 it may possibly be re$chartere#, or closin' #o(n5
May be 'oo# to at least #o some *in# of optimi-ation, li*e!
Reducing overhead of the nested tunnels Adapting Mobile IPv6 for VMNs Avoiding routing within the infrastructure when both peers are in the same NEMO
Thierry Ernst - IRTF Routing Research Group - August 2004

Mobility Problem : types

Access Net(or*s in public transportation Net(or*s of sensors in "ehicles Personal Area Net(or*s

: usa'es
+ransportation ; )ealth$care ; Army ;

: confi'urations
Sin'le mobile IP$subnet
MNN may be fixed (LFNs), or mobile (VMNs, LMNs)

Multiple mobile IP$subnet

May be a static configuration: in a vehicle May be mobile on from another: multiple cars forming a train May be nested: hierarchy of NEMO

Multihome#
Multiple interfaces, multiple MRs

Neste# an# Multihome#

Thierry Ernst - IRTF Routing Research Group - August 2004

Mobility Problem : mobility patterns

3ocal$mobility! e5'5 +rains "s Global$mobility! e5'5 Pri"ate cars )i'h mobility fre<uency "s Mo"in' sel#omly Pre#icti"e "s non Pre#icti"e MANE+ of NEMO "s NEMO of MANE+

All of these types, usa'es, confi'urations, mobility patterns imply #ifferent cases (here RO is nee#e#!
RO bet(een a MNN an# &N in the infrastructure RO bet(een MNNs in #istinct NEMOs RO bet(een MNNs (ithin the same NEMO /or each of the abo"e,
The NEMO is possibly nested MNNs and CNs may be fixed or mobile

Potentially comple% problem to sol"e

Thierry Ernst - IRTF Routing Research Group - August 2004

Approaches Potential &ate'ories of Approaches

+(o$tier a##ressin' !
Mobile IPv6-like, HMIPv6, Correspondent Router

Separation bet(een i#entifier an# locator! e5'5 3IN Multicast O"erlay Net(or*! e5'5 OR& Routin'$Base#! usin' con"entional or a#$hoc routin' protocols Renumberin'! chan'in' a##ress;prefi% &ombine#
e.g.1 Routing for local mobility (within the AS) and Two-tier for global mobility (between ASs)

A specific approach may be more suitable for the type of RO

e5'5! A#$hoc routin' protocols in neste# NEMO solely ma#e of in#i"i#ual mobile IP$subnet Electe# solution (ill probably be a combination of some of the abo"e
Thierry Ernst - IRTF Routing Research Group - August 2004

RO a la MIP6: Routing Optimization Issues

CN HA_MR Internet AR MR HA_MN MN Internet AR MR VMN CN HA_MR

LFN

/rom &N to 3ocal /i%e# No#e

HA_MN1 VMN1 HA_MN2 VMN2 VMN1 MR VMN2 HA_MR Internet AR

/rom &N to =isitin' Mobile No#e

CN HA_MR1 Internet HA_MR2 MR2 LFN MR1 MR2 AR

LFN

Bet(een > =isitin' Mobile No#es /rom &N to 3/N in neste# NEMO
Thierry Ernst - IRTF Routing Research Group - August 2004

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RO a la MIP6: RO between MR/VMN and CN MR performs RO on behalf of MNNs Pros!

)A is bypasse# +ransparent to MNNs
No mobility support needed, can be plain IPv6 hosts

MR, &N, )A are the only entities in"ol"e#

&ons!
B1 e%plosion!
not scalable for large number of CNs
CN HA Internet AR

MIP" RR 0Re"erse Routability2 test bet(een MR an# &N is bro*en

because MNNs not reachable AT MR's CoA, but VIA MR's CoA

&han'e# nee#e# at the &N

AR MR MNN
Thierry Ernst - IRTF Routing Research Group - August 2004

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RO a la MIP6: RO from Visiting Mobile Node =MN ; 3MN participates in NEMO RO Pros!
)A is bypasse# for =MNs ; 3MNs May further re#uce the number of tunnels re<uire#

&ons!
No RO for 3/Ns Impact the operations of =M), MR, an# )A
AR CN HA Internet

AR MR LFN
Thierry Ernst - IRTF Routing Research Group - August 2004

VMN / LMN

12

RO a la MIP6: RO with routing infrastructure Routin' is optimi-e# bet(een &R 0&orrespon#ent Router2 an# MR;=MN
A## routes in specific routers

Pros
&N can be a plain IP" host i5e5 No mobility support function at all

&ons!
May impact the operations of =MN, MR an# )A

Refs!
OR& ?Wa*i*a(a@, &R ?+hubert@
CN

CR

HA Internet

AR MR MMN
Thierry Ernst - IRTF Routing Research Group - August 2004

VMN

13

RO a la MIP6: RO for nested mobile network Root$MR maintains a tunnel to each )A Pros!
Re#uce the number of tunnels Shoul# impact only operations of MR an# )A

&ons
Pac*ets still e%perience A#o'$le'B routin'
CN root_HA Internet HA_VMN AR root_MR VMR VMN
Thierry Ernst - IRTF Routing Research Group - August 2004

AR

HA_VMR

LFN

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Conclusion NEMO is a "ery interestin' an# challen'in research area

Multiple types, confi'uration, usa'es, applications &omple% confi'urations intro#uce potentially comple% routin' optimi-ation issues

IE+/ NEMO WG (or*loa# is (ell a#"ancin'

Basic Support! Session Maintenance, no RO E%ten#e# Support! No #ecision ma#e concernin' RO

+here is much more to stu#y than the 7RO a la MIP 8 approach an# that (on't be #one in the NEMO WG In any case, net(or* mobility is an opportunity to re$launch the mobility research acti"ity 0Routin' Research Group or else(here2
Mobility support mechanisms RO for mobility support
Thierry Ernst - IRTF Routing Research Group - August 2004

15

)uestions *
Thierry Ernst
ernst@sf !"i#e!a#!$p http%//"""!sf !"i#e!a#!$p/&ernst/ http%//"""!nauti'us(!org

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Thierry Ernst IRTF Routing Research Group - August 2004