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Agenda

1. Caracterização da cana de açúcar

2. Projeções de produção de cana de açúcar no Brasil

3. Evolução das impurezas minerais

4. Evolução das impurezas vegetais

5. Evolução da demanda de energia elétrica

6. Participação do bagaço da cana de açúcar na matrix

energética nacional

7. Ponderações
A Energia da Cana de Açúcar
608 x Mcal/tc

IMPUREZAS
=> +
VEGETAIS
• Ponteiro Açúcar
• Folhas Verdes Etanol

=>
• Folhas Secas

Bagaço
com 50% umid.
598 x Mcal/tc

ELETRICIDADE
Colmos

+
Palha
com 15%
512 Mcal/tc
Projeção de Processamento

944 990 1.037

853 898
719 763 808
634 676

Milhões tc
Fonte: Companhia Nacional de Abastecimento
Impurezas Minerais
Impurezas Minerais
(Kg/tc)
21

19

17

15

13

11

5
Abril Maio Junho Julho Agosto Setembro Outubro Novembro Dezembro

Média safras
Méida Safras 06;07
06, 07ee08
08 Safra 09 Safra 10

Fonte: GEGIS - Grupo de Estudos em Gestão Industrial do Setor Sucroalcooleiro

Impurezas Minerais
 Média Usinas Brasileiras (GEGIS): 10 kg/tc

 Safra de 632 Mtc => 6,32 Mt IM base seca

 Densidade Média IM: 1,75 t/m³

Pirâmide de Quéops
 Volume IM: 3,61 Mm³/ano
Volume Pirâmide ... 2,57 Mm3

1,4 Pirâmides
de Quéops
ao ano
Impurezas Vegetais
Impurezas Vegetais
(Kg/tc)
90

80

70

60

50

40

30
Abril Maio Junho Julho Agosto Setembro Outubro Novembro Dezembro

Médiasafras
Méida Safras06;07
06, 07e e0808 Safra 09 Safra 10

Fonte: GEGIS - Grupo de Estudos em Gestão Industrial do Setor Sucroalcooleiro

Matriz Energética Brasileira
PARTICIPAÇÃO EFETIVA DAS FONTES DE ENERGIA NA MATRIZ
Bagaço
de Cana
18.516 GWh
4%
9% 1%
1%
2%
7%

80% 3%

2010: Geração de 18.500 GWh, proveniente do bagaço da cana de açúcar - 2,1 GWm (8.760 h)

Fonte: ANEEL - Banco de Informações de Geração

PARTICIPAÇÃO DA BIOMASSA DA CANA
EVOLUÇÃO DA OFERTA DE ENERGIA ELÉTRICA

Histórico Geração de Energia Elétrica no Brasil PARTICIPAÇÃO %

100%
504 TWh
403 TWh
349 TWh 18,5 TWh 1% 2% 4%
7,7 TWh
3,7 TWh

87%
84%
Hidroelétricas 80%
76%
2000 2005 2010
Outros
Nuclear
Bagaço de Cana
Óleo & Gás
Hidro

Fonte: MME – Ministério de Minas e Energia – Séries Históricas

Premissas – Projeção da Bioeletricidade

 100% Bagaço voltado a produção de energia termelétrica

 Processamento de 33% palha da cana de açúcar para energia

 Garantias físicas concedidas

 Potência equivalente c/200 dias efetivos de safra

 Caldeiras 67 bar x 520oC

 Combinação de turbinas de Contra Pressão e Condensação

Hidroelétricas
 Processamento de cana de açúcar:

 Moagem safra 2015/16 ... 808 Mtc

 Moagem safra 2020/21 ... 1.037 Mtc

Potencial Energético da Cana de Açúcar
 Ponderações
 Fim das queimadas, no estado de São Paulo
 Evolução da mecanização agrícola
 Processo de difusão na extração
 Alongamento do período de safra
 Operação durante o período de entressafra
 Aumento das impurezas minerais
 Aumento das impurezas (?) vegetais
 Aumento da demanda de energia elétrica no Brasil
 Forte tendência de utilização de fontes renováveis de energia
 Crescimento do setor sucroenergético:
• Novas fronteiras
• Formação da mão de obra
• Formação dos canaviais
Fontes

 MME - Ministério de Minas e Energia - Séries Históricas

 MME/EPE – Plano Decenal de Expansão de Energia 2020

 ANEEL - Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica - Banco de

Informação de Geração

 CONAB – A Geração Termoelétrica com a Queima do Bagaço de

Cana de Açúcar no Brasil

 CTC – Biomass Power Generation, Sugar Cane Bagasse and Trash

 GEGIS – Grupo de Estudos em Gestão Industrial Sucroalcooleira

 Monografia/ESALQ – Aproveitamento Agroindustrial do Palhiço

da Cana de Açúcar
Histórico das Caldeiras Dedini

Licença Zurn p/ Fab. Caldeiras

M. DEDINI
Metalúrgica
DEDINI D.Z.

ZANINI
ZANINI
Licença Foster Wheeler
Fornecimentos

 Caldeiras a Bagaço ......................................... 1.255

 Caldeiras Industriais ................................... 393
 Caldeiras a biomassa, exceto bagaço ....... 3
 Plantas de Cogeração ................................... 114

Total de Caldeiras ...................... 1.651

Obs.: dados até dez/2010

 Histórico das Caldeiras Dedini
1920 - FUNDAÇÃO “OFFICINAS DEDINI”
1930 - CALDEIRA DEDINI VERTICAL E FOGOTUBULAR
1940 - CALDEIRA AQUATUBULAR TIPO BABCOCK E STIRLING
1945 - CONTRATO COM COMBUSTION ENGINEERING
1951 - CALDEIRA ZANINI
1960 - PROJETOS DEDINI (V 2/4, V 2/5)
1977 - CONTRATO COM FOSTER WHEELER
1979 – CONTRATO COM ZURN – GRELHA ROTATIVA
1981 - CALDEIRA DEDINI - BMP E AT
1985 – CALDEIRA ZANINI - AZ/ZANITEC
1989 - SELO ASME - FABRICAÇÃO E MONTAGEM (S, U, PP)
2000 – CALDEIRA COGEMAX MULTICOMBUSTÍVEL PARA COGERAÇÃO
2001 – CALDEIRA AT E AZ ATÉ 250 t/h E GRELHA FLAT PIN HOLE
2005 – CALDEIRA AT-SINGLE DRUM ATÉ 400 t/h E 120 bar
Envirotherm in General ENVIROTHERM

ENVIROTHERM
→ an experienced and qualified engineering partner
→ with an extensive list of references and
→ strong growth based on a portfolio of
proprietary technologies acquired from LURGI

CLEAN AIR
CLEAN ENERGY
(Air Pollution Control - APC)

Highly Efficient
Modern
Flue Gas Cleaning
Gasification Technologies
Technologies

Multi-Purpose Production and Application of

Combustion Technologies Honeycomb SCR Catalysts

1
Professional Competence
Cooperation and License Agreements ENVIROTHERM

• Cooperation with the Slovak Boiler Manufacturer SES, Tlmače

 FB/CFB – Power Plants
• DEDINI, Brazil, for fluid bed technologies
Clean Energy

• Shriram epc, India, fluid bed (CFB) and

fixed bed (BGL) gasification
• Collaboration with CEMEX on CFB gasification in the Cement
 Gasification Industry (industrial know-how from Ruedersdorf facility)
• University of Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
• CUTEC Institute – R&D in CFB gasification

• Joint Venture with Dongfang Boiler Group,

 SCR Catalysts Production Chengdu, Sichuan, China
• Dongfang, SSEP for SCR process in China
 SCR-Process
Clean Air

• Cooperation with ERC GmbH, Germany

• Jeongwoo, for ESP in Korea

• Longking, SSEP, TFEN, DATANG Group
 Clean Air Activities
for fabric filter in China
• VT Corp for ESP in India

2
Professional Competence
 ENVIROTHERM

Clean Combustion Technologies:

BFB and CFB

3
Professional Competence
Fluidized Bed Combustion:
ENVIROTHERM
Available Technologies

• Bubbling and Circulating Fluidized Bed Technologies are a highly accepted

base technologies in utility and other industries for combustion of coal,
(high/low rank), biomass and various residual materials (sludges, RDF).

• Fluidized Beds represent proven and reliable technologies with numerous

reference plants and excellent emission values.

• Downstream technologies for dry dedusting (Electrostatic Precipitator and

Fabric Filter) are available with Envirotherm and are designed in accordance
with the latest environmental laws/directives.

• BFBs cover the lower capacity range of steam production,

CFBs are available for larger units.

• Both Fluidized Bed Technologies offer their specific advantages for their
specific range of application.
4
Professional Competence
New Bagasse = New Challenge ENVIROTHERM

• Increase in moisture content (up to 65%):

lower heating value, resulting in higher amount of flue gas

• Increase in chlorine content (up to 0,05%):

high potential for „High Temperature Chlorine Corrosion“ in boilers without
appropriate design

• Increase in content of impurities/ash (up to 10%):

to be considered in boiler and equipment design

• Increase in sulphur content (up to 0,05%):

use of limestone required in order to meet legal SO2 emission limits

All future challenges mentioned will be met

by our BFBs and CFBs
5
Professional Competence
Bubbling Fluidized Bed (1) ENVIROTHERM

• Use of primary air for fluidization and of secondary air for complete
combustion as well as for enhanced temperature and emission control

• Injection of fuel directly into the bed via several feeding points in order to
support a homogeneous energy input across the combustor cross section

• Proven fluidizing nozzles with low pressure drop,

but even air distribution

6
Professional Competence
Bubbling Fluidized Bed (2) ENVIROTHERM

• Flue gas recirculation for temperature control in case of varying fuel qualities
(e.g. season / off-season)

• Bottom ash discharge via multiple openings in the fluidization nozzle grate or
via an „open“ nozzle grate in case of high impurities / tramp material content

• Co-combustion of various fuels is

possible, when considered during
boiler design

7
Professional Competence
Bubbling Fluidized Bed (3) ENVIROTHERM

• Coarse ash classification and re-feed into the BFB combustor in case of
• high amount of ash in the fuel and
• low amount of alkalines in the fuel ash

• Desulphurization is possible via limestone injection

• Operable load range between 50 and 100%

• Application in the lower capacity range

• High reliability due to

• simple and robust design
• good temperature control: avoids agglomerations
• design of coarse ash discharge with sufficient margins

8
Professional Competence
Circulating Fluidized Bed (1) ENVIROTHERM

Basic Principles of CFB Combustion

• Intense and turbulent mixing of solid fuel,

air and flue gas
• Uniform system temperature: no peaks,
no agglomerations
• No HP-steam bundles in the ash stream:
no bundle erosion
• Low and controlled combustion
temperature due to Fluidized Bed Heat
Exchanger technology
• Generous residence time:
excellent carbon conversion
• Optimum conditions for multiple fuels;
variation of fuel shares feasible during
operation
9
Professional Competence
 Circulating Fluidized Bed (2) ENVIROTHERM

Basic Flow Sheet of a CFB Boiler

10
Professional Competence
 Circulating Fluidized Bed (3) ENVIROTHERM

Emissions and Efficiency

• Optimum and stable combustion conditions for lowest emissions

• Efficient sulphur capture in the CFB combustor by limestone injection

• Low NOx emissions due to

• low combustion temperature
• low excess air ratio
• staged combustion

• Partial capture of chlorine and fluorine

in the CFB combustor

• High boiler efficiency due to

• low excess air
• high carbon burnout
• no flue gas recirculation

11
Professional Competence
 Fluidized Beds: Comparison ENVIROTHERM

Bubbling Circulating
Feature
Fluidized Bed Fluidized Bed

Emissions NOx  

CO  

Dust  

SO2 Capture  

HCl and HF Capture  

Combustor Cross Section  

Complexity of Combustion System  

Particle Residence Time  

Uniformity of Combustion Temperature  

min. Part Load Capabilty  

Boiler Efficiency  

Ability of Firing Varying Fuel Qualities  

Ability to Cope with "New Bagasse"  

CAPEX  

OPEX  

Status of Technology  

Clean and reliable combustion technologies showing excellent

features with respect to emissions, efficiency and future bagasse
12
Professional Competence
 ENVIROTHERM

“As a participant in Simtec 2011 ENVIROTHERM is very

pleased with the introduction of our technologies into the
Brazilian market, and we reaffirm our complete confidence in
the potential and performance of the Fluidized Bed Boilers.”

“Our partnership with DEDINI reinforces this confidence, and

guarantees that all the advantages of the Fluidized Bed
Boilers will be fully exploited to the benefit of the Brazilian
sugar, ethanol and bioelectricity market.”

Werner-Fr. Staab, ENVIROTHERM GmbH

13
Professional Competence
 ENVIROTHERM

Obrigado!
for your attention

Envirotherm GmbH
Werner-Fr. Staab
Head of Sales (Thermal Processes)

Ruhrallee 185 D–45136 Essen Germany

werner_staab@envirotherm.de
www.envirotherm.de

14
Professional Competence
 Lançamento

2011
LANÇAMENTO DAS CALDEIRAS COM LEITO FLUIDIZADO

&