1. Basic C oncepts, Laws, and Principles... > 1.13 - Dynamically Induced EMF and St...

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1.13 DYNAMICALLY INDUCED EMF AND STATICALLY INDUCED EMF

When emf is induced in a coil or conductor by virtue of movement of either the conductor or the magnetic field, the emf is called dynamically induced EMF as has been explained in section 1.11. When EMF is induced in a stationary coil by changing its flux linkage due to change in current flow through the coil, such emf is called statically induced EMF. If a coil carries a current, flux is established around the coil. If the current is changed quickly, the flux linkage by the coil will change as shown in Fig. 1.13 (a).

Figure 1.13 (a) Change in flux linkage in a coil due to switching ON and switching OFF of dc current; (b) change in flux linkage due to alternating current supply;(c) induced emf in coils 1 and 2 due to changing flux produced by alternating current flowing in coil 1

In Fig. 1.13 (a), a coil of certain number of turns is wound on a former, i.e., its core. Current is supplied from a battery by closing a switch S. If the switch is continuously turned on and off, flux linkage by the coil will change. The rate of change of the flux linkage will induce EMF in the coil. A similar effect will be there if an ac supply is applied across the coil as shown in Fig. 1.13 (b). The direction of current in the coil is shown for the positive half cycle of the alternating current. The direction of current will change in every half cycle, and hence the direction of flux produced will change in every half cycle. The magnitude of current changes continuously since a sinusoidal current is flowing. This changing current will create a changing flux linkage, thereby inducing EMF in the coil in both the cases as shown in Fig. 1.13 (a) and (b). Note that in Fig. 1.13 (a), if the switch S is kept closed, a steady direct current, i.e., a constant current will flow through the coil. This constant current will produce a constant flux. There will be no change in flux linkage by the coil with respect to time, and hence no EMF will be induced in the coil. Thus, the necessary condition for the production of induced EMF is that there should be a change in flux

linkage and not merely flux linkage by a coil.

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