Cache:
Cache is a key to the performance of a modern processor. In a modern computing system nearly 25% of instructions reference memory, so that memory access time a critical factor in performance. By effectively reducing the cost of a memory access, caches enable the greater than one instruction/cycle goal for instruction throughput for modern processors. Cache exploits locality of reference property to improve the access time to data and reducing the cost of accessing main memory. There are 2 types of locality: a) Temporal Locality b) Spatial Locality