Introduction

This paper is explore the promotion system of 1 st class civil servants of Bangladesh. It is one kind of internal sources promotion. A promotion is the advancement of an employees ranks or position in an organizational hierarchy system. Promotion may e an employees re!ard for good performance" positive appraisal. Before a company promotes an employee to a particular position it ensure that the person is a le to handle the added responsi ilities y screening the employee !ith intervie!s # test and giving them training or on the $o experiences. A promotion can evolve advancement in terms of designation salary and enefits # in some organization the type of $o activity may change a great deal. It is of motivation as !ell as re!ard. %o" promotion is a techni&ue to utilize the skills" a ility and experience of the employees in a fruitful !ay.

Definition of Promotion
Promotion means the employee's present position to higher position .(ore clearly promotion is the movement to the higher position !here more responsi ility and more po!er exist !ith more opportunity. In the higher position salaries" duties" a responsi ility everything increases is as !ell as employees en$oy independence. )ifferent scholars define promotion in various !ays from various angles. )efinitions of some scholars are as follo!s*+ "A promotion involves a change from one job to another that is better in terms of status and responsibility. +,d!in B.-lippo "A promotion involves a change of assignment from a job of a lower level to one of a higher level within the organization. +.hruden and %herman Promotion is defined as a movement to a position in which responsibility and prestige are increased./ +)ale 0oder
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-rom the a ove definitions !e can say that promotion is a process !hich ensures more opportunity" responsi ility" more salary than the present position simply promotion indicates the involvement of 1 2's that refers+rank" responsi ility and remuneration.

Objectives
To identify the 1st class civil service officer promotion system To present the existing system of promotion in Bangladesh To focus the rules # regulation of promotion To sho! the impact of promotion in employees performance To suggest the solution of pro lems

Principles of promotion
There are three types of principles for promotion. 1. %eniority principle" 3. The principle of merit" 1. %eniority+cum merit principle. (1)Seniority principle The employee !ho has longer service to his credit !ould e promoted y his principle. Merits Increase employee a loyalty. 2educes la or turnover Interferences y politicians can e avoided. Demerits
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 (erit of an employee is ignored. ,mployee having ne! ideas and a ilities do not get recognition. In this system employee do not make any effort for self improvement. It creates ad relation among meritorious employees.

(2)The principle of merit In this principle the promotion is done ased on &ualification and achievement of an employee. There is no dou t that promotion on the asis of merit encourages initiative and if the policy is consistent and fair" it !ould lead to efficiency and higher productivity. Merits It evaluates the creativity. (otivates the employee to sho! there potentiality. Brings ne! thinking in an employee. This principle attracts young and capa le candidates to apply for $o s. Demerits It creates nepotism on the employee. It creates frustration in an employee. (erit principle does not ensure seniority. ( )Seniority!cum merit principle A person is $ustified y seniority and merit in this principle. This principle is used y the private and pu lic company in developing countries.

Merits It increases $o satisfaction of the employee. This principle attracts oth meritorious and senior person. It increases effectiveness of the organization.

Demerits It is tuff to access merits and seniority together. It is rear to find out a persons ha its" experience and merit. This principle is expensive and time consuming.

Types of promotion
There are t!o types of promotion as follo!s+ 14 5ertical 34 6orizontal

5ertical

6orizontal

1) "ertic#l
An employee is promoted from one rank to next higher rank in the some department is kno!n as vertical promotion.
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2) $ori%ont#l
An employee is promoted from a position to another position to another department is called 6orizontal promotion.

Promotion of 1st Class Officers in Bangladesh

Promotion in Bangladesh are organized y the follo!ing organization+

&ivil Service in '#n(l#desh

7overnment employees in Bangladesh are vertically elonging to four categories" namely .lass 1 8fficers" .lass 11 8fficers" .lass 111 employees and .lass 15 employees. The officers are also classified as gazetted officers and non+gazetted officers. The officers !hose appointment" posting" transfer" promotion and the similar are notified in government gazette" they are kno!n as gazetted officers. All .lass 1 officers and some of the .lass 11 officers are treated as gazetted officers. 8f the .lass 1 officers" some elong to the cadre services. ( ource! ". Abdul #ahhab Ph $ %ivil ervice &ecruitment Policy in 'angladesh! A %ritical Analysis(

Promotion
This type of recruitment is conducted y giving promotion to persons elonging to non+gazetted and .lass I posts. In such cases" the (oPA sends list of the proposed candidates to the .ommission together !ith their service documents" service records 9Annual .onfidential 2eports + A.24 and recruitment rules. The .ommission gives advice to the President in respect of the candidates !ho are recommended depending on !hether they have the re&uisite character and a ility for the service or post for !hich they are proposed for appointment.1: The P%. recommended in favor of 33";11 persons for promotional recruitments during 1;<3 to 3==>. In respect of promotion of officers" the
%?P,2I82 %,@,.TI8A B8A2)

considers and recommends y the Prime (inister" the

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promotion cases of officers elonging to grades I" II" III of oth the pu lic statutory corporations and the cadre officials. ?pon approval of the recommendations respective ministriesBdivisions and in certain cases the (inistry of Pu lic Administration issue

necessary orders. Belo! the level mentioned a ove" promotion cases are processed through )epartmental Promotion .ommittees 9)P.4 located in each ministryBdivision and chaired y the concerned secretaries !ith representatives from the (inistries of -inance and Pu lic Administration. The concerned head of the attached department is also a mem er of )P.. 2ecommendations for promotion of the )P. re&uire the approval of the Prime (inister. But for the posts of deputy secretary" a separate committee of the (inistry of Pu lic Administration can issue the final orders for their promotion !ith the approval of the Prime (inister. ( ource! 'anglapedia) *ational +ncyclopedia of 'angladesh.(

Ministry of Public )dministr#tion (MOP)) *esponsibilities

Allocation of Business of the (inistry of Pu lic Administration 9(8PA4 as per the 2ules of Business" 1;;: the responsi ilities are the follo!ing* -ormulation of policy on regulation of services and determination of their terms and conditions 9policy on method of recruitment" age limit" &ualification" reservation of posts for certain areas and sex" medical fitness" examinations" appointment" posting" transfer" deputation" leave" travel" seniority" promotion" selection" supersession" retirement" superannuation" re+employment" appointment on contract" conditions of pensions" determination of status" etc.4 ource! http!,,www.moestab.gov.bd,inde-.php.option/com0content1tas2/view1id/34415temid/667 access date 89:88:86

Public service &ommission

?nder Bangladesh .ivil service 9,xamination for promotion4 rules 1;C: Pu lic %ervice commission conducts t!o types of promotion y taking examination. Types of promotion e+#min#tion

Types of promotion exam

)epartmental examination

%enior %cale ,xam

-igure* types of promotion exam

1, Dep#rtment#l e+#min#tion P%. plays an important role in conducting the departmental exam. The departmental exam is a long standing system purporting to measure general efficiency of the $unior officer on their respective fields of employment. It conduct t!o times in a year Dune+Duly Danuary+ -e ruary

Subjects
1. 7overnments rules # procedures +1== 3. Accounts+1== 1. %elf .adres function+1== 2, Senior Sc#le -+#m P%. conducts on examination for the ne!ly recruited B.% officer. Then BP%. make a list of the successful candidates and recruitment for promotion. Subject 1. Bangladesh # current affairs+1== 3. %ervice rules+1== 1. %u $ect regarding paper of concerned .adres+1== The total pass mark is >=
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.n#ble to #ttend the -+#m 1. Any officer !ho has not completed their services for four year. 3. 8ne officer can participate in three or lesser num er of su $ects at time. 1. The officer !ho has completed 1E year of services can not appear at the promotion exam. E. The officer cannot participate more than one in the same .adre year.

Promotion &ommittees

1. .ouncil .ommittee 9..4 3. %uperior %election Board 9 %%B4 1. %pecial Promotion .ommittee 9%P.4 E. )epartmental Promotion .ommittees 9)P.4 >. )ivisional %election Board 9)%B4

.ouncil .ommittee

%uperior %election Board

Promotion &ommittee s
)epartmental Promotion .ommittees 9)P.4 )ivisional %election Board

%pecial Promotion .ommittee

;igure! Promotion %ommittees

1) &ouncil &ommittee (&&)

This committee !orks for the recruitment" promotion etc" of the officers !ho ranks and status as $oin secretary or a ove. &omposition 6ead* Prime (inister (em er* All the mem ers of the .a inet 7rade* Eth to 1st grade.

Problem
The function of this committee is most of the time politically iased.

2) Superior Selection 'o#rd (SS')

This oard !as for the officials !hose ranks and status are as deputy secretary and a ove

&omposition
$e#d/ &h#irm#n %ecretary ca inet division Members %ecretary (inistry of Pu lic Administration %ecretary (inistry of -inance %ecretary of Training (inistry %ecretary (inistry of 6ome Affairs %ecretary (inistry of la! and order .omptrollers and Auditor 7eneral %ecretary of 2espective (inistry Inspector 7eneral of Police 7rade* :th to Eth The responsibility of the SS' The ma$or responsi ility of the %%B is to consider and make recommendations on the promotion and appointment of different categories of officers+ 1. To the posts of deputy secretary and a ove in the %ecretariat
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3. To pay grades III" II and I of the officers elonging to various service cadres and those outside the cadresF 1. To pay grades III" II and I of those government officers !ho are on deputation to various autonomous odiesF E. 9iv4 to the posts of executive heads of various government departments and directoratesF >. To the posts of management heads of a selective num er of autonomous full+time asisF and :. To a!ard of time scale of the officers mentioned a ove. odies"

including the directors of management oards of these odies !ho are employed on a

Problems
A asic limitation of this committee is &uota systems. It is highly centralized.

) Speci#l Promotion &ommittee (SP&)

It examines the Annual .onfidential 2eport 9A.24 of the recommended officials.

&omposition
&h#irm#n0 %ecretary of respective Member A respective of from the (inistry of Pu lic Administration. A representative sleeted y the division or (inistry chief. 7rade* ;th to :th Method of #ssess
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Total mark +1== 8ut of <= marks in A.2 8ut of 3> marks in viva+voce

Problems
1. A.2 is not properly and timely !ritten. 3. The intervie! system in this stage may e corrupted y politics

1) Dep#rtment#l Promotion &ommittees (DP&)

The committee in each (inistries and division are responsi le for recommending promotion !ithin class 3 or from class 3 to 1.

&omposition
$e#d0 %ecretary of respective (inistry Members Doint %ecretary finance and training (inistry Doint %ecretary (inistry of Pu lic Administration 6ead of the department

2) Division#l Selection 'o#rd (DS')

This oard considers the case of promotion to non gadget post of the division officer under all department )istrict and su ordinate offices,

&omposition
&h#irm#n0 )ivisional .ommissioner Member
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 )eputy inspector of police )eputy )irector of Pu lic A representatives of P%. %ecretary of )ivision .ommissioner

3imit#tions
2ecruitment process is iased y politicians Aepotism" favoritism in seniority # merit ase promotion @ack of coordination among Promotion .ommittees Promotion .ommittees are corrupted .reates inter conflict et!een seniority ase officer # merit ase officer Pro lems in exam system ,xam schedules are not appropriate

*ecommend#tions
A revolutionary change should e ring in the promotion process" terms and conditions 2educe the over formality of promotion process Political interfere should e remove totally from the promotion process to ensure proper transparency in this process Promotion should e given in proper time to provide motivation to the employee Promotion system should e include in all sector of $o to increase performance of employees
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 .orruption" Aepotism" favoritism should e eliminate

&onclusion
After complete this paper it can e conclude that promotion of 1 st class civil servants is more practice in Bangladesh. Promotion is the advancement of an employees rank or position in an organizational hierarchy system. .ivil %ervice promotion committee are responsi le for employees promotion for motivates the employees. As a result employees try to give etter feed ack. Promotion system of Bangladesh is fully corrupted ut in this situation they try to overcome their shortcomings. This paper is prepare on promotion of civil servant # identify the pro lems and give some recommendation to overcome a ove these limitation.

*eferences
1) Ahmed" ,ma$uddin. Pu lic Administration in Bangladesh. Bu lished y %hahrul Alam Badan" 13B11 Parichand 2oad" Bangla azar" )haka+11==
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2) Ahmed" %yed 7iasuddin. 3===. Pu lic Administration in the Three )ecades. In A. (. .ho!dhury and -akrul Alam 9eds.4" Bangladesh* on the Threshold of the T!enty+-irst .entury. )haka* Asiatic %ociety of Bangladesh. ) 2o ins % P" 6uman 2esource (anagement" 1rd ,dition" Asoke G 7hosh" Prentice 6all of

IndiaPrivate @td" Ae! )elli 1) )r.2ahman A(" )r 6asan H and Islam 2(" 6uman 2esource (anagement" 1st ,dition" @ife Pu lisher. 2) Ierther IB and )avis" 6uman 2esource (anagement" >th ,dition" @i rary of .ongress .ataloging J , J Pu lication )ata 4) Banglapedia"93==<4 Aational ,ncyclopedia of Bangladesh 5) www8.imp.unisg.ch,...,3.<6=ha>ue0ipmr0volume<6=830issue<6) performance appraisal system of angladesh.ivil service* an analysis of its efficacy 6) www.usaid.gov,pubs,ads,?==,?8@.pd) ads E1C" promotion and internal placement program for civ. 7)http*BB!!!.moesta .gov. dBindex.phpKoptionLcomMcontent#taskLvie!#idL1<<#ItemidL33;

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