Part Acc

Basic Concepts
Particle Dynamics in Electromagnetic Fields
Beam Dynamics
Acceleration
References
Particle Accelerators
Electromagnetic Fields and Waves
Juan Carlos Trujillo Quintero

Universidad Nacional de Colombia
October 27, 2013
Juan Carlos Trujillo Quintero Particle Accelerators
Basic Concepts
Beam Dynamics
Acceleration
References
Contents
1
Basic Concepts Particle Accelerator Structure Particle Dynamics in Electromagnetic Fields The Lorentz Force
Particle Beam Guidance Particle Beam Focusing
The Motion Equation

3
Beam Dynamics Single Particle Dynamics Acceleration References

4 5
Basic Concepts
Beam Dynamics
Acceleration
References
Particle Accelerators Denition

What is a particle accelerator (PA)?
Facilities for generation and acceleration of particle beams to high energies (energies in order of MeV).
Basic Concepts
Beam Dynamics
Acceleration
References

Facilities for generation and acceleration of particle beams to high energies (energies in order of MeV). What can actually we do with a PA? Achieving high energies in small mass (high density energies).
Basic Concepts
Beam Dynamics
Acceleration
References

Facilities for generation and acceleration of particle beams to high energies (energies in order of MeV). What can actually we do with a PA? Achieving high energies in small mass (high density energies). De Broglie wavelenght , particle beam energy Eb hc Eb
Basic Concepts
Beam Dynamics
Acceleration
References

Facilities for generation and acceleration of particle beams to high energies (energies in order of MeV). What can actually we do with a PA? Achieving high energies in small mass (high density energies). De Broglie wavelenght , particle beam energy Eb hc Eb
Producing new particles by colliding two opposite particle beams.

Juan Carlos Trujillo Quintero Particle Accelerators Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Basic Concepts
Beam Dynamics
Acceleration
References
Particle Accelerator Structure
PA Structure
Basic Concepts
Beam Dynamics
Acceleration
References
The Lorentz Force
The Lorentz Force

Trajectories of charged particles inuenced by electric and magnetic elds through
F
E q v B
FL = q E + q (v B)
Basic Concepts
Beam Dynamics
Acceleration
References
The Lorentz Force
The Lorentz Force

F
E q v B
FL = q E + q (v B) In equilibrium FL = 0 E = vB
Basic Concepts
Beam Dynamics
Acceleration
References
The Lorentz Force
The Lorentz Force

F
E q v B
FL = q E + q (v B) In equilibrium FL = 0 E = vB Magnetic elds used to deect or focus relativistic charged particles. (What about photons?)
Basic Concepts
Beam Dynamics
Acceleration
References
The Lorentz Force
Motion Equation
Formulate particle dynamics under the inuence of electromagnetic elds.
Basic Concepts
Beam Dynamics
Acceleration
References
The Lorentz Force
Motion Equation
Formulate particle dynamics under the inuence of electromagnetic elds. Lorentz force equation is invariant under coordinate transform (under Lorentz relativistic transforms).
Basic Concepts
Beam Dynamics
Acceleration
References
The Lorentz Force
Motion Equation
Formulate particle dynamics under the inuence of electromagnetic elds. Lorentz force equation is invariant under coordinate transform (under Lorentz relativistic transforms). Relating particle momentum to kinetic energy ( = v/c)
Basic Concepts
Beam Dynamics
Acceleration
References
The Lorentz Force
Motion Equation
Formulate particle dynamics under the inuence of electromagnetic elds. Lorentz force equation is invariant under coordinate transform (under Lorentz relativistic transforms). Relating particle momentum to kinetic energy ( = v/c) p = FL dt
EK
EK = FL ds ds=v dt (cp) = EK = q [E + (v B)] ds = q E ds + q (v B) v dt

=0
Basic Concepts
Beam Dynamics
Acceleration
References
The Lorentz Force
Motion Equation
The motion equation for Z charged particles in the presence of electromagnetic elds is
Basic Concepts
Beam Dynamics
Acceleration
References
The Lorentz Force
Motion Equation
The motion equation for Z charged particles in the presence of electromagnetic elds is F= dp d = (m0 v) = eZ E + eZ (v B) dt dt
Basic Concepts
Beam Dynamics
Acceleration
References
The Lorentz Force
Motion Equation
The motion equation for Z charged particles in the presence of electromagnetic elds is F= Then F= dv dp dv =m + 3 v = eZ E + eZ (v B) dt dt c dt dp d = (m0 v) = eZ E + eZ (v B) dt dt
is the correction factor for relativistic velocities. =

v2 c2
1/2
Basic Concepts
Beam Dynamics
Acceleration
References
The Lorentz Force
Charged Particle Beam Optics

Magnetic Fields used to deect particles (equilibrium of centrifugal force and Lorentz force)
Basic Concepts
Beam Dynamics
Acceleration
References
The Lorentz Force

Magnetic Fields used to deect particles (equilibrium of centrifugal force and Lorentz force) m0 v 2 + e [v B] = 0 where = (x , y , 0) is the local curvature vector of the 1 trajectory with x, y = . x, y
Basic Concepts
Beam Dynamics
Acceleration
References
The Lorentz Force

Magnetic Fields used to deect particles (equilibrium of centrifugal force and Lorentz force) m0 v 2 + e [v B] = 0 where = (x , y , 0) is the local curvature vector of the 1 trajectory with x, y = . x, y The bending radius of the particle is 1 ec = B E
Basic Concepts
Beam Dynamics
Acceleration
References
The Lorentz Force
Design Characteristics of a Dipole Magnet
Basic Concepts
Beam Dynamics
Acceleration
References
The Lorentz Force
From Ampres law 2GB +

iron
B =J r (Itotal = 2Icoil )
B d = 0 Itotal r
Basic Concepts
Beam Dynamics
Acceleration
References
The Lorentz Force
From Ampres law 2GB +

iron
B =J r (Itotal = 2Icoil )
B d = 0 Itotal r
Icoil (A) =
1 B (T) G (m) 0
Basic Concepts
Beam Dynamics
Acceleration
References
The Lorentz Force
Particle Beam Focusing

The Principle of Focusing
Basic Concepts
Beam Dynamics
Acceleration
References
The Lorentz Force
Particle Beam Focusing

The Principle of Focusing
Deection angle = where g=

r ec ec = = B = gr f E E B r
Basic Concepts
Beam Dynamics
Acceleration
References
The Lorentz Force
Focusing Devices
Parabolic current sheet lens
Any form with the property l r2 will provide the desired focusing properties.
B 1/r B (T) =
= ar2
0 I (A) 0 = g (T) = a m1 I (A) 2 r (m) 2

Basic Concepts
Beam Dynamics
Acceleration
References
The Lorentz Force
Focusing Devices
Quadrupole Magnet
From scalar potential V = g x y Bx = V = gy x By = V = gx y
Basic Concepts
Beam Dynamics
Acceleration
References
The Lorentz Force
Focusing Devices
Quadrupole Magnet
From scalar potential V = g x y Bx = V = gy x By = V = gx y
The magnetic eld looks like
1 1 1 d = + f f1 f2 f1 f2
Basic Concepts
Beam Dynamics
Acceleration
References
The Motion Equation
General Motion Equation

Motion equation of a particle in a bending.
Basic Concepts
Beam Dynamics
Acceleration
References
The Motion Equation

Motion equation of a particle in a bending. The equations d0 = 0 dz d = ds ds = (1 + 0 u) dz u = d d0 dz dz
Basic Concepts
Beam Dynamics
Acceleration
References
The Motion Equation

Motion equation of a particle in a bending. The equations d0 = 0 dz d = ds ds = (1 + 0 u) dz u = d d0 dz dz
x + k (s) x = 0 y + k (s) y = 0
Basic Concepts
Beam Dynamics
Acceleration
References
Single Particle Dynamics
Linear Beam Dynamics
Basic Concepts
Beam Dynamics
Acceleration
References

Linear Magnetic Fields Bx = g y By = By0 + g x The motion equations are x + k 0 + 2 0x x = 0 y k0 y = 0
Basic Concepts
Beam Dynamics
Acceleration
References

Focal Length Linear Magnetic Fields Bx = g y By = By0 + g x The motion equations are x + k 0 + 2 0x x = 0 y k0 y = 0 1 fx 1 fy e By z cp x e Bx = k0 z = z cp y = +k0 z =
y dz = y y0 = k0 y dz k0 y z
Basic Concepts
Beam Dynamics
Acceleration
References
Particle Acceleration by rf-Waves
Acceleration in waveguides by rf-waves. 2 E + k 2 E = 0 2 B + k 2 B = 0 An electromagnetic wave travels along the direction of the desired particle acceleration with a phase velocity (vp ) equal to the particle velocity.
Basic Concepts
Beam Dynamics
Acceleration
References
Thank you! Any Question?
Basic Concepts
Beam Dynamics
Acceleration
References
References
Helmut Wiedemann. Particle Accelerator Physics. Springer. Third Edition 2007. Joseph A. Eichmeier. Manfred K. Thumm. Vacuum Electronics. Components and Devices. Springer 2008. Andrew Zangwill. Modern Electrodynamics. Cambridge University Press 2012.

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Basic Concepts

Particle Dynamics in Electromagnetic Fields

Juan Carlos Trujillo Quintero

October 27, 2013

Juan Carlos Trujillo Quintero Particle Accelerators

Universidad Nacional de Colombia

Particle Dynamics in Electromagnetic Fields

The Motion Equation

Beam Dynamics Single Particle Dynamics Acceleration References

Juan Carlos Trujillo Quintero Particle Accelerators

Particle Dynamics in Electromagnetic Fields

Particle Accelerators Denition

Juan Carlos Trujillo Quintero Particle Accelerators

Universidad Nacional de Colombia

Particle Dynamics in Electromagnetic Fields

Particle Accelerators Denition

Juan Carlos Trujillo Quintero Particle Accelerators

Universidad Nacional de Colombia

Particle Dynamics in Electromagnetic Fields

Particle Accelerators Denition

Juan Carlos Trujillo Quintero Particle Accelerators

Universidad Nacional de Colombia

Particle Dynamics in Electromagnetic Fields

Particle Accelerators Denition

Producing new particles by colliding two opposite particle beams.

Particle Dynamics in Electromagnetic Fields

Particle Accelerator Structure

Juan Carlos Trujillo Quintero Particle Accelerators

Universidad Nacional de Colombia

Particle Dynamics in Electromagnetic Fields

The Lorentz Force

The Lorentz Force

Juan Carlos Trujillo Quintero Particle Accelerators

Universidad Nacional de Colombia

Particle Dynamics in Electromagnetic Fields

The Lorentz Force

The Lorentz Force

Juan Carlos Trujillo Quintero Particle Accelerators

Universidad Nacional de Colombia

Particle Dynamics in Electromagnetic Fields

The Lorentz Force

The Lorentz Force

Particle Dynamics in Electromagnetic Fields

The Lorentz Force

Juan Carlos Trujillo Quintero Particle Accelerators

Universidad Nacional de Colombia

Particle Dynamics in Electromagnetic Fields

The Lorentz Force

Juan Carlos Trujillo Quintero Particle Accelerators

Universidad Nacional de Colombia

Particle Dynamics in Electromagnetic Fields

The Lorentz Force

Juan Carlos Trujillo Quintero Particle Accelerators

Universidad Nacional de Colombia

Particle Dynamics in Electromagnetic Fields

The Lorentz Force

EK = FL ds ds=v dt (cp) = EK = q [E + (v B)] ds = q E ds + q (v B) v dt

Juan Carlos Trujillo Quintero Particle Accelerators

Particle Dynamics in Electromagnetic Fields

The Lorentz Force

Juan Carlos Trujillo Quintero Particle Accelerators

Universidad Nacional de Colombia

Particle Dynamics in Electromagnetic Fields