REGULATIONS

(w.e.f. 2012-13 admitted batch)

1.0

ADMISSIONS 1.1 Admissions into M.Tech. (Power System & Automation) programme of GITAM University are governed by GITAM University admission regulations.

2.0

ELIGIBILTY CRITERIA 2.1 2.2 A pass in B E / B Tech / AMIE or equivalent in ECE / EIE / EEE / CSE / IT/ ICE Admissions into M.Tech will be based on the following: (i) (ii) Score obtained in GAT (PG), if conducted. Performance in Qualifying Examination / Interview.

The actual weightage to be given to the above items will be decided by the authorities before the commencement of the academic year. Candidates with valid GATE score shall be exempted from appearing for GAT (PG). 3.0 STRUCTURE OF THE M.Tech. PROGRAMME 3.1 The Programme of instruction consists of : (i)

3.2

A core programme imparting to the student specialization of engineering branch concerned. (ii) An elective programme enabling the students to take up a group of departmental courses of interest to him/her. (iii) Carry out a technical project approved by the Department and submit a report. Each academic year consists of two semesters. Every branch of the M.Tech programme has a curriculum and course content (syllabi) for the subjects recommended by the Board of Studies concerned and approved by Academic Council. Project Dissertation has to be submitted by each student individually. CREDIT BASED SYSTEM 4.1 The course content of individual subjects - theory as well as practicals is expressed in terms of a specified number of credits. The number of credits

3.3 4.0

assigned to a subject depends on the number of contact hours (lectures & tutorials) per week. 4.2 In general, credits are assigned to the subjects based on the following contact hours per week per semester. One credit for each Lecture hour. One credit for two hours of Practicals. Two credits for three (or more) hours of Practicals. 4.3 The curriculum of M.Tech programme is designed to have a total of 70 -85 credits for the award of M.Tech degree. A student is deemed to have successfully completed a particular semesters programme of study when he / she earns all the credits of that semester i.e., he / she has no F grade in any subject of that semester.

5.0

MEDIUM OF INSTRUCTION The medium of instruction (including examinations and project reports) shall be English.

6.0

REGISTRATION Every student has to register himself/herself for each semester individually at the time specified by the College / University.

7.0

CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT AND EXAMINATIONS 7.1 The assessment of the students performance in each course will be based on continuous internal evaluation and semester-end examination. The marks for each of the component of assessment are fixed as shown in the Table 1.:

Table 1: Assessment Procedure

S.No. Component assessment of Marks Type of allotted Assessment Scheme of Examination 1. Best two mid examinations of the three mid examinations for 15 marks each for a total of 30 marks 2. Remaining 10 marks are given by the teacher by conducting quiz/assignments/ surprise tests etc The semester-end examination in theory subjects will be for a maximum of 60 marks.

40 Theory 1 Total 100

Continuous evaluation

60

Semester-end examination

Practicals

100

Continuous evaluation

Project work

100

Project evaluation

Comprehensive Viva 4

100

Viva-voce

(i) 40 marks are allotted for record work and regular performance of the student in the lab. (ii) One examination for a maximum of 20 marks shall be conducted by the teacher handling the lab course at the middle of the semester (iii) One examination for a maximum of 40 marks shall be conducted at the end of the semester (as scheduled by the Head of the Department concerned). (i) 50 marks are allotted for continuous evaluation of the project work throughout the semester by the guide. (ii) 50 marks are allotted for the presentation of the project work & vivavoce at the end of the semester.* 100 marks are allotted for comprehensive viva to be conducted at the end of programme.*

* Head of the Department concerned shall appoint two examiners for conduct of the examination.

8.0

REAPPEARANCE 8.1 A Student who has secured F Grade in any theory course / Practicals of any semester shall have to reappear for the semester end examination of that course / Practicals along with his / her juniors. A student who has secured F Grade in Project work shall have to improve his report and reappear for viva voce Examination of project work at the time of special examination to be conducted in the summer vacation after the last academic year.

8.2

9.0

SPECIAL EXAMINATION 9.1 A student who has completed the stipulated period of study for the degree programme concerned and still having failure grade (F) in not more than 5 courses ( Theory / Practicals), may be permitted to appear for the special examination, which shall be conducted in the summer vacation at the end of the last academic year. A student having F Grade in more than 5 courses (Theory/practicals) shall not be permitted to appear for the special examination.

9.2

10.0

ATTENDANCE REQUIREMENTS 10.1 A student whose attendance is less than 75% in all the courses put together in any semester will not be permitted to attend the end - semester examination and he/she will not be allowed to register for subsequent semester of study. He /She has to repeat the semester along with his / her juniors. However, the Vice Chancellor on the recommendation of the Principal/Director of the University college / Institute may condone the shortage of attendance to the students whose attendance is between 66% and 74% on genuine medical grounds and on payment of prescribed fee.

10.2

11.0

GRADING SYSTEM 11.1 Based on the student performance during a given semester, a final letter grade will be awarded at the end of the semester in each course. The letter grades and the corresponding grade points are as given in Table 2. Table 2: Grades & Grade Points Grade O A+ A B+ B C F 11.2 Grade points 10 9 8 7 6 5 Failed, 0 Absolute Marks 90 and above 80 89 70 79 60 69 50 59 40 49 Less than 40

A student who earns a minimum of 5 grade points (C grade) in a course is declared to have successfully completed the course, and is deemed to have earned the credits assigned to that course. However, a minimum of 24 marks is to be secured at the semester end examination of theory courses in order to pass in the theory course

12.0 GRADE POINT AVERAGE 12.1 A Grade Point Average (GPA) for the semester will be calculated according to the formula: GPA = [Cx G] ---------------C

Where C = number of credits for the course, G = grade points obtained by the student in the course.

12.2

Semester Grade Point Average (SGPA) is awarded to those candidates who pass in all the subjects of the semester. To arrive at Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA), a similar formula is used considering the students performance in all the courses taken in all the semesters completed up to the particular point of time. The requirement of CGPA for a student to be declared to have passed on successful completion of the M.Tech programme and for the declaration of the class is as shown in Table 3.

12.3

12.4

Table 3: CGPA required for award of Degree Distinction First Class Second Class Pass 8.0* 7.0 6.0 5.0

* In addition to the required CGPA of 8.0, the student must have necessarily passed all the courses of every semester in first attempt.

13.0

ELIGIBILITY FOR AWARD OF THE M.TECH DEGREE 13.1 Duration of the programme: A student is ordinarily expected to complete the M Tech. programme in four semesters of two years. However a student may complete the programme in not more than four years including study period. 13.2 However the above regulation may be relaxed by the Vice Chancellor in individual cases for cogent and sufficient reasons. Project dissertation shall be submitted on or before the last day of the course. However, it can be extended up to a period of 6 months maximum, with the written permission of the Head of the Department concerned. A student shall be eligible for award of the M.Tech degree if he / she fulfils all the following conditions.

13.3

13.4

a) Registered and successfully completed all the courses and projects. b) Successfully acquired the minimum required credits as specified in the curriculum corresponding to the branch of his/her study within the stipulated time. c) Has no dues to the Institute, hostels, Libraries, NCC / NSS etc, and d) No disciplinary action is pending against him / her. 13.5 The degree shall be awarded after approval by the Academic Council.

RULES
1. With regard to the conduct of the end-semester examination in any of the practical courses of the programme, the Head of the Department concerned shall appoint one examiner from the department not connected with the conduct of regular laboratory work, in addition to the teacher who handled the laboratory work during the semester. 2. In respect of all theory examinations, the paper setting shall be done by an external paper setter having a minimum of three years of teaching experience. The panel of paper setters for each course is to be prepared by the Board of Studies of the department concerned and approved by the Academic Council. The paper setters are to be appointed by the Vice Chancellor on the basis of recommendation of Director of Evaluation / Controller of Examinations. 3. The theory papers of end-semester examination will be evaluated by two examiners. The examiners may be internal or external. The average of the two evaluations shall be considered for the award of grade in that course. 4. If the difference of marks awarded by the two examiners of theory course exceeds 12 marks, the paper will have to be referred to third examiner for evaluation. The average of the two nearest evaluations of the three shall be considered for the award of the grade in that course. 5. Panel of examiners of evaluation for each course is to be prepared by the Board of Studies of the department concerned and approved by the Academic Council. 6. The examiner for evaluation should possess post graduate qualification and a minimum of three years teaching experience. 7. The appointment of examiners for evaluation of theory papers will be done by the Vice Chancellor on the basis of recommendation of Director of Evaluation / Controller of Examinations from a panel of examiners approved by the Academic Council. 8. Project work shall be evaluated by two examiners at the semester end examination. One examiner shall be internal and the other be external. The Vice Chancellor can permit appointment of second examiner to be internal when an external examiner is not available.

PG PROGRAMME CODE: EPRPA200802 M.Tech (POWER SYSTEM & AUTOMATION) Scheme of Instruction and Examination wef 2012-13 admitted batch 1st Semester:
Marks Total hours Sessionals Credits 4 4 4 4 4 2 22 4 4 4 4 4 2 22 Credits Code No. Subject L T P End exam 60 60 60 60 60 -End exam 60 60 60 60 60 --

EPRPA 101 EPRPA 102 EPRPA 103 EPRPA 104 EPRPA 121 to 123 EPRPA 111

Analysis of Dynamic Systems Optimization Techniques Advanced Power System Protection Power System Stability & Control Elective-I Simulation Lab. Total Credits Subject

3 3 3 3 3 -

1 1 1 1 1 -

4 4 4 4 4 3

40 40 40 40 40 100

100 100 100 100 100 100

2nd Semester:
Code No. L T P Total hours Marks Sessionals

EPRPA 201 EPRPA 202 EPRPA 203 EPRPA 204 EPRPA 221 to 223 EPRPA 211

EHVAC Transmission Power System Operation and Control HVDC Transmission Process Control & Automation Elective-II Power Systems Lab. Total Credits

3 3 3 3 3 -

1 1 1 1 1 -

4 4 4 4 4 3

40 40 40 40 40 100

100 100 100 100 100 100

Elective - I: (E- I)
Code No. EPRPA 121 EPRPA 122 EPRPA 123 Code No. EPRPA 221 EPRPA 222 EPRPA 223 Subject Energy Auditing, Conservation & Management Renewable Energy Sources Power System Reliability Subject Reactive Power Control & FACTS Power Quality Artificial Neural Networks & Fuzzy Systems

Elective II : (E II )

Total

Total

3rd

Semester:
Subject L T P Total hours Sessionals Marks End exam

Code No.

EPRPA 311 EPRPA 312

Comprehensive Viva-Voce Project Phase I Total Credits

12

12 50

100 50

100 100

2 12 14

4th

Semester:
Subject L T P Total hours Sessionals Marks End exam

Code No.

EPRPA 411 EPRPA 412

Seminar Project Phase II Total Credits

24

24

100 50

50

100 100

2 16 18

Total Credits : 76

Credits

Total

Credits

Total

M.Tech. (PS&A) I SEMESTER EPRPA 101: ANALYSIS OF DYNAMIC SYSTEMS

Sessionals 40 End exam 60 Total 100 Credits 4 L T P Total hours 4 Marks

Unit-I Discrete-time systems: Introduction, Spectrum analysis of sampling process, difference equations, ztransform, properties of z-transform, z-transfer function (pulse transfer function) for linear discrete systems, analysis of sampled-data systems, z and s domain relationship, Jurys stability test, bilinear transformation, root locus technique, concepts of controllability and observability. Unit-II Design of discrete data systems: Introduction, digital implementation of analog controllers, PID controllers, lag and lead controllers, phase lead and phase lag controllers in w-domain, design with dead-beat response, state feedback and pole placement, tracking problems, observer design, full and reduced order observer design. Unit-III Advanced state space methods: Introduction, Linear Quadratic Problem, Properties of LQR design, Kalman filter, Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) problem, H control. Unit-IV Nonlinear Systems: Introduction, behavior of nonlinear systems, common physical nonlinearities, phase-plane method, singular points, Isocline method, Delta method, linearization of nonlinear systems, properties of nonlinear systems, describing function analysis of nonlinear systems. Unit-V: Stability of Nonlinear Systems:
10

Stability analysis through describing function, Liapunovs stability criterion, basic Liapunov stability theorems, Liapunov functions, direct method of Liapunov, application to linear & nonlinear systems, variable gradient method, Krasooviskis method.
Text Books: 1. Control System Engineering, I.J.Nagrath and M.Gopal, New Age International Publishers, (3rd Edition). 2. Design of Feedback Control Systems, Stefane, Shahian, Savant, Hostetter, Oxford University Press, (4th Edition). 3. Nonlinear Control System Analysis by M. Vidyasagar, 2nd edition, PH Inc, 1991. Reference Books: 1. Automatic Control Systems, Benjamin C.Kuo, (7th Edition). 2. Modern Control Engineering, Ogata, Prentice Hall, (3rd Edition).

11

M.Tech. (PS&A) I SEMESTER EPRPA 102 : OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES

L T P Total hours 3 1 4 Marks Sessionals 40 End exam 60 Total 100 Credits 4

Unit-I Introduction to Optimization: Optimization, classification of optimization problems, engineering applications of optimization, optimization problem formulation. Unit-II Classical Optimization Techniques: Necessary and sufficient conditions of the general problem, single variable optimization, multivariable optimization with no constraints, multivariable optimization with equality constraints, solution by direct substitution method, method of constrained variation, method of Lagrangian multipliers, multivariable optimization with inequality constraints, Kuhn Tucker conditions. Unit-III Linear Programming : Basic terminology and definitions, exceptional cases, Simplex method, Big M method, Two phase method, duality, Revised Simplex method. Unit-IV Non Linear Programming: Unconstrained optimization: Powells method, steepest descent method, Newtons method. Constrained optimization: Genetic Algorithm:- Introduction, Terminology- Coding, Fitness Function, GA operators, Reproduction, Crossover, Mutation. Unit-V CPM and PERT: Basic Terminology, network representation of project critical path, the PERT method, optimum scheduling by CPM, LP formulation of CPM, PERT problems.
12

Text Books: 1. Engineering Optimization: Theory and Practice, S.S. Rao, New Age International (P) Ltd., 3rd Edition. 2. Operations Research, S.D.Sharma, Kedar Nath & Ram Nath & Co., 12th Edition. 3. Power System Optimization, D P Kothari, J S Dhillon, Prentice Hall of India Pvt Ltd., 1st Edition. Reference: 1. Higher Engineering Mathematics, Dr. B.S.Grewal, Khanna Publishers, 34th Edition. 2. Operations Research An Introduction, Hamdy.A. Taha, Prentice Hall of India, 7th edition.

13

M.Tech. (PS&A) I SEMESTER EPRPA 103 ADVANCED POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION

Credit s 4 L 3 T 1 P Total hours 4 Marks Sessionals 40 End exam 60 Total 100

Unit-I Introduction to Protective Relays: Current transformers for protection, Coupling capacitor voltage transformers, transient performance of CCVT potential transformer, review of electromagnetic relays static relays. Over current relays-time current characteristic, current setting time setting, directional relay, static over current relays. Unit-II Distance protection-I: Impedance, reactance, mho, angle impedance relays, Input quantities for various types of distance relays, effect of arc resistance on the performance of distance relays, selection of distance relays, MHO relay with blinders, quadrilateral relay, elliptical relay, Restricted mho, impedance directional, reactance relays, Swiveling characteristics. Unit-III Distance protection-II: Compensation for correct distance measurement, reduction of measuring units, switched schemes, Pilot relaying schemes, Wire pilot protection, circulating current scheme, balanced voltage scheme, transley scheme, carrier current protection, phase comparison carrier current protection, carrier aided distance protection. Unit-IV Digital relaying techniques: Digital relaying algorithms, differential equation technique, discrete Fourier transform technique, Walsh-Hadamard transform technique, rationalized Haar transform technique, removal of dc offset.
14

Unit-V Microprocessor based protective relays: Over current, directional, impedance, reactance relays, generalized mathematical expressions for distance relays, mho and offset mho relays, quadrilateral relay, Microprocessor implementation of digital distance relaying algorithms. Text books: 1. Power System Protection & Switchgear, Badriram & Vishwakarma, TMH Publication, New Delhi, 2011 2. Power System Protection: Static Relays with microprocessor Applications, Madhava Rao, TMH publication, 2004. Reference: 1. Power System Protection and Switch Gear, Ravindra Nath and Chandar, New Age International Pvt Limited, 1977.

15

M.Tech. (PS&A) I SEMESTER EPRPA 104: POWER SYSTEM STABILITY & CONTROL
L T P Total hours 3 1 4 Marks sessionals 40 End exam 60 Total 100 Credits 4

Unit-I Synchronous Machine Modeling: Review of Classical model of SMIB. Synchronous machine: flux linkage equations, Parks transformation, per unit conversion, normalizing the equations, equivalent circuit, current space model, flux linkage state space model; Sub-transient and transient inductances, time constants, Simplified models (one axis and constant flux linkage), steady state equations and phasor diagrams. Unit-II Machine Controllers: Exciter and voltage regulators: Function and types of excitation systems, typical excitation System configuration, block diagram and state space representation of IEEE types-1,2,3 & 4 excitation system, saturation function, stabilizing circuit. Speed governing systems: Block diagram and state space representation of IEEE governor, turbine systems. Unit-III Transient Stability: State equation for multi-machine system with one axis model and simulation; modeling of multi-machine power system with one axis machine model including excitation system and speed governing system and simulation using R-K method of fourth order (Gills technique) for transient stability analysis; power system stabilizer. Unit-IV Dynamic Stability: System response to small disturbances: Linear model of the unregulated synchronous machine and its modes of oscillation, regulated synchronous machine, linearization of the load equation for the one machine problem, simplified linear model, effect of excitation on dynamic stability, approximate system representation, supplementary stabilizing signals, dynamic performance measure -small signal performance measures.
16

Unit-V Voltage stability: Introduction to voltage stability, Factors affecting voltage instability and collapse, Comparison of Angle and voltage stability, Analysis of voltage instability and collapse, integrated analysis of voltage and Angle stability, Control of voltage instability.
Text Books: 1. Power System Control and Stability, P.M. Anderson and A.A.Fouad, Galgotia Publications, New Delhi, 2003. 2. Power System Stability and Control, P. Kundur, McGraw Hill Inc., USA, 1994. Reference Books: 1. Power System Dynamics and Stability, M.A.Pai and W.Sauer, Pearson Education Asia, India, 2002. 2. Electric Systems, Dynamics and stability with Artificial Intelligence applications, James A.Momoh, Mohamed.E. EI-Hawary, Marcel Dekker, USA 1st ed., 2000.

17

M.Tech. (PS&A) I SEMESTER EPRPA 121 ENERGY AUDITING, CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT
Sessionals 40 End exam 60 Total 100 Credit s 4 L 3 T 1 P Total hours 4 Marks

Unit-I Energy auditing: System approach and end use approach to efficient use of electricity, electricity tariff types, energy auditing, types and objectives, audit instruments, ECO assessment and economic methods, specific energy analysis, minimum energy paths, consumption models, case study. Unit-II Energy Efficiency of Electrical Equipments: Electric motors, energy efficient controls and starting efficiency, motor efficiency and load analysis, energy efficient /high efficient motors, case study, load matching and selection of motors, transformer loading/efficiency analysis, feeder/cable loss evaluation, case study. Unit-III Reactive Power Management: Reactive power management, capacitor sizing, degree of compensation, capacitor losses, location, placement, maintenance, case study, peak demand controls, methodologies, types of industrial loads, optimal load scheduling, case study, lighting, energy efficient light sources, energy conservation in lighting schemes, electronic ballast, power quality issues, luminaries, case study. Unit-IV Cogeneration: Cogeneration, types and schemes, optimal operation of cogeneration plants, case study, variable speed drives, pumps and fans, efficient control strategies, optimal selection and sizing, optimal operation and storage, case study.

18

Unit-V Electric loads of Air conditioning & Refrigeration: Electric loads of air conditioning & refrigeration, energy conservation measures, cool storage, types, optimal operation, case study, electric water heating, geysers, solar water heaters, power consumption in compressors, energy conservation measures, electrolytic process.
Textbooks: 1. Art and Science of Utilisation of Electrical Energy, Partab H., Dhanpat Rai and Sons, New Delhi. 2. Electric Energy Utilization And Conservation, Tripathy S.C., Tata McGraw Hill. Reference Books: 1. Recommended Practice for Energy Conservation and cost effective planning in Industrial facilities, IEEE Bronze Book, IEEE Inc, USA. 2. Plant Engineers and Managers Guide to Energy Conservation Albert Thumann, P.W, Seventh Edition, TWI Press Inc, Terre Haute. 3. Energy Efficiency Manual, Donald R. W., Energy Institute Press. 4. Guide Book on Promotion of Sustainable Energy Consumption, NESCAP.

19

M.Tech. (PS&A) I SEMESTER EPRPA 122 RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES

Sessionals 40 Total 100 Credits 4 L T P Total hours 4 Marks End exam 60

Unit-I Introduction: Introduction to Energy Conversion, Principle of Renewable Energy Systems, Technical and Social Implications, Solar Radiation, Thermoelectric Conversion, Principles of Solar Energy collection, Characteristics and principles of different types of collectors and their efficiencies. Solar energy applications, water heaters, air heaters, solar cooling, solar cooking, solar drying and power generation, solar tower concept, solar pump, Introduction to Photovoltaic cells, PV array and PV module, Maximum power point tracking system. Unit-II Wind energy: Wind energy, Characteristics, Aerodynamics, Power extraction, Types of wind machines, Performance of Wind Machines, Wind Mills, Applications, Economics of wind power. Unit-III Ocean & Geothermal Energy: Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Systems, Tidal and Wave powerapplications. Principle of working of Geothermal Power Plants, Advantages and Disadvantages over other energy forms, Applications of Geothermal Energy. Unit-IV Bio- Energy: Energy from Bio-mass, Bio conversion processes. Bio-gas generation and utilization, Bio-gas plants various types, Industrial Wastes, Municipal waste, Burning, Plants, Energy from the Agricultural wastes.
20

Unit-V MHD Power Generation, Fuel Cells & Hybrid- Energy System: MHD Generators, Application of MHD generation, Fuel cells types, applications. Diesel Generator and Photo-Voltaic System, Wind-Diesel Hybrid System, Wind-Photovoltaic Systems.
Textbooks: 1. Non-Conventional Energy Sources, G.D.Rai, Khanna publishers, Fourth Edition, 2009. 2. Wind electrical systems, S.N.Bhadra, D. Kastha, S. Banerjee Oxford University press. References: 1. Solar Energy: Principles of Thermal Collection and Storage, Sukhatme, S.P., Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi. 2. Fuel Cell Systems, James Larminie , Andrew Dicks , John Weily & Sons Ltd. 3. Wind Energy Explained , J.F.Manwell,J.G.McGowan,A.L.Rogers ,John Weily& Sons Ltd. 4. MHD Power Generation Engineering Aspects, E.J. Womack, Chapman and Hall Publication. 5. Wind Electrical Systems, S.N.Bhadra, D. Kastha, S. Banerjee Oxford University press.

21

M.Tech. (PS&A) I SEMESTER EPRPA 123: POWER SYSTEM RELIABILITY

Credits 4 L 3 T 1 P Total hours 4 Marks Sessionals 40 End exam 60 Total 100

Unit-I Basics of Probability theory & Distribution: Basic probability theory, rules for combining probabilities of events, Bernoulli's trials, probability density and distribution functions, binomial distribution, expected value and standard deviation of binomial distribution. Unit-II Network Modelling and Reliability Analysis: Analysis of series, parallel, series, parallel networks, complex networks, decomposition method, reliability functions f(t), F(t), R(t), H(t) and their relationships, exponential distribution, expected value and standard deviation of exponential distribution, reliability analysis of series parallel networks using exponential distribution, bath tub curve, reliability measures MTTF, MTTR & MTBF. Unit-III Markov Modelling: Markov chains, Concept of stochastic transitional probability matrix (STPM), evaluation of limiting state probabilities, Markov Process of one component repairable system, time dependent probability, evaluation using Laplace Transform approach, evaluation of limiting state probabilities using STPM, two component repairable models. Unit-IV Frequency & Duration Techniques: Frequency and duration concept, evaluation of frequency of encountering state, mean cycle time for one and two component repairable models, evaluation of cumulative probability and cumulative frequency of encountering of merged states.

22

Unit-V Generation& Distribution System Reliability Analysis: Reliability model of a generation system, recursive relation for unit addition and removal, load modeling, merging of generation load model, evaluation of transition rates for merged state model, cumulative probability, cumulative frequency of failure evaluation, LOLP, LOLE. distribution systems: basic concepts, evaluation of basic and performance reliability indices of radial networks.
Text Books: 1. Reliability Evaluation of Engineering System, R. Billinton, R.N.Allan, Plenum Press, New York, Second edition, 2010. 2. Reliability Evaluation of Power systems, R. Billinton, R.N.Allan, Pitman AdvanceI Publishing Program, New York, Second edition, Reprint 2010. Reference Books: 1. An Introduction to Reliability and Maintainability Engineering. Charles E. Ebeling, TATA-McGraw Hill edition.

23

M.Tech. (PS&A) II SEMESTER EPRPA 201: EXTRA HIGH VOLTAGE AC TRANSMISSION

L T P Total hours 3 1 4 Marks Sessionals 40 End exam 60 Total 100 Credits 4

Unit-I Introduction to E.H.V. A.C: Role of EHVAC transmission: transmission line trends and preliminary aspects standard transmission voltages, power handling capacities and line losses, mechanical aspects. Unit-II Calculation of line parameters: Resistance, inductances and capacitance, resistance of conductors, temperature rise of conductor and current carrying capacity, inductance of two conductor lines and multiconductor lines. Line capacitance calculation: capacitance of two conductor lines, capacitance of multi conductor lines, mechanical design of towers, sag-tension calculations. Unit-III Voltage Gradient on conductors: Surface voltage gradient on conductors, surface gradient on two conductor bundle and cosine law, maximum surface voltage gradient of bundle with more than three sub conductors, Mangolt formula electro static field of single circuit three phase line and double circuit three phase line. Unit-IV Corona : Corona in EHV lines, I2R loss and corona loss, charge voltage diagram and corona loss, corona loss formulate, attenuation of traveling waves due to corona, audio noise due to corona, its generation, characteristics and limits measurement of audio noise.

24

Unit-V Power Frequency voltage control : Problems at power frequency, generalized constants, no load voltage conditions and charging currents, voltage control using synchronous conductor, cascade connection of components: shunt and series compensation, sub synchronous resonance in series, capacitor compensated lines.
Text Book: 1. Extra High Voltage AC Transmission Engineering, Rakosh Das Begamudre, Wiley Eastem Ltd., New Delhi, 3rd edition, 1987. Reference Books: 1. EHVAC, HVDC Transmission & Distribution Engineering, S.Rao, Khanna Publications, 3rd edition, 2003. 2. EHV Transmission line reference book, Edision Electric Institute (GEC), 1986.

25

M.Tech. (PS&A) II SEMESTER EPRPA 202: POWER SYSTEM OPERATION AND CONTROL
Credits 4 L T P Total hours 4 Marks sessionals 40 End exam 60 Total 100

Unit-I: Unit Commitment: Introduction, constraints in unit commitment, thermal unit constraints, unit commitment solution methods, priority-list methods, Dynamic-Programming solution, forward DP Approach, Lagrange relaxation solution. State EstimationPower System State Estimation, Weighted Least Square Estimation, State Estimation of an AC Network. Unit-II: Load Frequency Control: Necessity of keeping frequency constant, definition of control area, single area control, block diagram representation of an isolated power system, steady state analysis, dynamic response, uncontrolled case, load frequency control of 2-area system, uncontrolled case and controlled case, tie-time bias control. Unit-III: Generation with Limited Energy Supply: Introduction, take-or-pay fuel supply contract, composite generation production cost function, solution by gradient search techniques, hard limits and slack variables, fuel scheduling by linear programming. Unit-IV: Hydrothermal Coordination: Introduction, long range hydro scheduling, short-range hydro-scheduling, hydroelectric plant models, scheduling problems, types of scheduling problems, scheduling energy, the short term hydro-thermal scheduling problem, short term hydro scheduling, gradient approach, pumped storage hydro plants, dynamic programming solution to the hydrothermal scheduling problem.

26

Unit-V: Interchange of Power and Energy: Introduction, economy interchange between interconnected utilities, inter-utility economy energy evaluation, interchange evaluation with unit commitment, multiple-utility interchange transactions, types of interchange, capacity interchange, diversity interchange, emergency power interchange, inadvertent power exchange, power pools, transmission effects and issues, problems.
Text Books: 1. Power Generation Operation and Control, Allen J. Wood, Bruce F.Wollenberg, 2nd ed. John Wiley & Sons Inc. 2006. 2. Electrical Energy Systems Theory , O.I.Elgerd, Tata Mc Graw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd, 2nd edition. References Books : 1. Modern Power System Analysis, I.J. Nagrath & D.P. Kothari, TMH,3rd edition, 9th reprint, 2007.

27

M.Tech. (PS&A) II SEMESTER EPRPA 203: HVDC TRANSMISSION

Credits 4 L T P Total hours 4 Marks Sessionals 40 End exam 60 Total 100

Unit-I HVDC Transmission: General considerations, comparison of AC and DC transmission, applications of DC transmission, types of DC links, converter station and terminal equipment, planning for HVDC transmission, modern trends in DC transmission, power handling capabilities of HVDC lines. Unit-II Static Power Converters: Basic AC/DC conversion principles, static converter configuration, 3-pulse, 6-pulse and 12-pulse converters, commutation process, rectifier and inverter operation, equivalent circuit for converter, special features of converter transformers. Unit-III Control of HVDC Converters and systems: Converter control charecterstics, constant current, constant extinction angle and constant Ignition angle control, firing angle control, DC power flow control. Unit-IV Converter faults and protection: Introduction, converter faults, protection against over currents and over voltages in a converter station, surge arresters, smoothing reactors, corona effects, dc line insulators, transient over voltages in DC line, protection of DC line, DC breakers. Unit-V Harmonics in HVDC Systems and MTDC Systems: Harmonics in HVDC systems, harmonic elimination, AC and DC filters, multi-terminal DC links and systems, series, parallel and series parallel systems, their operation and control.
Text Books: 1. High Voltage Direct current Transmission, K.R.Padiyar,New age publishers,2005. 2. HVDC Transmission, S Kamakshaiah, V Kamaraju, Tata Mc Graw Hill, 2011. Reference Books: 1. HVDC Transmission, EW Kimbark, John Wiley Publishers. 2. H.V.D.C. Transmission, J. Arillaga, Peter Peregrines Ltd., London, UK, 1983. 3. EHV-AC, HVDC Transmission & Distribution Engineering, S.Rao, Khanna publishers, 3rd edition, 2003. 28

M.Tech. (PS&A) II SEMESTER EPRPA 204: PROCESS CONTROL & AUTOMATION

Sessionals 40 End exam 60 Total 100 Credits 4 L T P Total hours 4 Marks

Unit-I Fundamentals of Process Control: Definition of industrial processes and control, Hierarchies in process control systems block diagram representation of process control system, Control system instrumentation, Codes and Standards, preparation of P& I diagrams. Unit-II Strategies for Computer-Aided Process Control : Open loop control systems, closed loop (feed back) control system, feed forward control system, cascade control system, ratio control, controller design, controller tuning, tuning of P, PI and PID controllers, Ziegler-Nichols tuning method, selection of controllers, predictive control, model based predictive control, multi-variable control system. Unit-III Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs): Introduction, principles of operation, architecture of programmable logic controllers, programming the programmable controllers, software, configurations, applications. Unit-IV Distributed Control Systems: Introduction, functional requirements of distributed control system, system architecture, distributed control systems configuration and applications of distributed control systems. Unit-V Industrial control Applications: Automation of Thermal power plant, automation strategy, distributed system structure, automatic boiler controller, diagnostic function and protection, digital electro-hydraulic governor, automatic start-up system, thermal stress control, man-machine interface, software system, communication system, variable pressure control, combined plant control.
Textbooks: 1. Computer based Industrial Control, Krishna Kant, Prentice-Hall India, 2003. 2. Computer Aided Process Control, S.K.Singh, Prentice-Hall India, 2005. Reference books: 1. Process Dynamics and Control, Seborg, D.E., T.F. Edgar, and D.A. Mellichamp, John Wiley, 2004. 2. Johnson D Curtis, Instrumentation Technology, Prentice-Hall India, 7th Ed., 2002.

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M.Tech. (PS&A) II SEMESTER EPRPA 221 : REACTIVE POWER CONTROL AND FACTS
Credits 4 L T P Total hours 4 Marks Sessionals 40 End exam 60 Total 100

Unit-I Reactive Power Flow and Voltage control Problems: Introduction, Reactive Power-Voltage (Q-V) Coupling Concept, Reactive Power requirement for control of Voltage in Transmission Lines, Basic Principle of System Voltage Control, Reactive Power Flow Constraints and their Implications in Loss of Voltage. Unit-II Improvement of Voltage Stability in Power Transmission Systems: Methods of Improving Voltage Stability, Introduction to FACTS- Basic Types of FACTS controllers, Brief Description and Definitions of FACTS Controllers. Static Var Compensator(SVC): Principle of operation, configuration and control. Static Compensator (STATCOM): Principle of operation, configuration and control. Unit III Static Synchronous Series Compensator: Introduction, Operation of SSSC and the Control of Power Flow, Modeling and Control of SSSC, SSSC with an Energy Source, Analysis of SSR with a SSSC, Applications of SSSC. UnitIV Unified Power Flow Controller: Introduction, Operation of a UPFC, Control of UPFC, Protection of UPFC, Interline Power Flow Controller, Convertible Static Compensator, Modeling of UPFC, IPFC, SSR Characteristics of UPFC, Applications of UPFC. UnitV Oscillation Stability Analysis and Control: Introduction, Linearised model of power systems installed with FACTS based Stabilizers, Heffron-Phillips model of a SMIB system installed with SVC, Heffron-Phillips model of a SMIB system with UPFC.
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Text Books: 1. Reactive Power Control in Power Systems, T J E Miller, John Wiley, 1982. 2. Understanding FACTS, N G Hingorani and L Gyugyi, IEEE Press, 2000. 3. FACTS controllers for transmission and Distribution systems, K.R.Padiyar, New Age International Publishers 1st edition -2007. References: 1. Computer modeling of Electrical Power Systems, J Arriliga and N R Watson, Wiley, 2001. 2. An Introduction to Reactive Power Control and Voltage Stability in Power Transmission Systems, Abhijit chakrabarti, D.P.Kothari, A.K.Mukhopadhyay, Abhinandan De., PHI publications, 2010.

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M.Tech. (PS&A) II SEMESTER EPRPA 222: POWER QUALITY

End exam 60 Total 100 Credits 4 L 3 T 1 P Total Marks hours Sessionals 4 40

Unit-I Introduction: Introduction of the Power Quality (PQ) problem, Terms used in PQ: Voltage, Sag, Swell, Surges, Harmonics, over voltages, spikes, Voltage fluctuations, Transients, Interruption, overview of power quality phenomenon, Sources of PQ problems, Remedies to improve PQ, power quality monitoring. Unit-II Long & Short Interruptions: Long Interruptions: Terminology, causes and origin of Interruptions, Limits for the Interruption frequency and duration, costs of Interruption. Short interruptions: Terminology, origin of short interruptions- basic principle, fuse saving, voltage magnitude events due to re-closing, voltage during the interruption and monitoring, difference between medium and low voltage systems. Multiple events, single phase tripping - voltage and current during fault and post fault period. Unit-III Voltage sag - characterization: Voltage sag - definition, causes of voltage sag, voltage sag magnitudemonitoring, theoretical calculations, voltage sag calculation in non-radial systems, meshed systems, voltage sag duration, Types of three phase unbalanced sags, phase angle jumps, magnitude and phase angle jumps for three phase unbalanced sags, load influence on voltage sags. Unit-VI Harmonics: Harmonic distortion, Voltage versus Current distortion, Harmonic indexes, Harmonic sources from commercial loads, Harmonic sources from industrial loads; Locating Harmonic sources, System response characteristics. Effects of Harmonic Distortion.

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Unit-V Custom Power Devices - An Introduction: Overview of mitigation methods from fault to trip, reducing the number of faults, reducing the fault clearing time, changing the power system, installing mitigation equipment, improving equipment immunity, different events and mitigation methods. Utility-Customer Interface, Introduction to CP devices-Network Reconfiguring Devices, Load Compensation and Voltage Regulation using DSTATCOM, Protecting Sensitive loads using DVR, Unified Power Quality Conditioner(UPQC).
Text Books: 1. Understanding Power Quality Problems, Math H J Bollen, IEEE Press, Standard Publishers Distributors, 1st edition, 2001. Reference Books: 1. Power Quality Enhancement Using Custom Power Devices, Arindham Ghosh, Gerard Ledwich, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1st edition, 2002. 2. Electrical Power System Quality, Roger C.Dugan, Mark F.McGranaghan, Surya Santoso, H. Wayne Beaty, MC Graw-Hill, 2nd edition, 2004.

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M.Tech. (PS&A) II SEMESTER EPRPA 223: ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS AND FUZZY SYSTEMS
L T P Total Marks End exam 60 Total 100 Credits 4

hours Sessionals 3 1 4 40

Unit-I Introduction to Artificial Neural Networks: Biological foundations, ANN models: Feed forward & Feedback Networks, Types of activation functions. Network architectures: Single Layer Feed Forward Network (MLFFN) & Multi Layer Feed Forward Network (MLFFN), Radial Basis Function Network (RBFN) training. Unit-II Learning process of Neural Networks: Learning process, Supervised and unsupervised learning, Error-correction learning, Perceptron learning, Delta Learning & Widrow-Hoff learning, Hebbian learning, Boltzmann learning, Single layer and multilayer perceptrons: Back propagation algorithm, applications in forecasting and pattern recognition. Unit-III Introduction to Fuzzy Logic: Fuzzy sets, classical sets, fuzzy sets, operations of fuzzy sets, properties of fuzzy sets, The cardinality of fuzzy sets, resolution identity, convex fuzzy sets, Fuzzy Relations, Fuzzy arithmetic, numbers and extension principle. Unit-IV Fuzzy Membership functions: Membership functions, Fuzzy to crisp conversion, Fuzzification and defuzzification methods, applications in engineering problems, Fuzzy logic and approximate reasoning, other forms of the implication operation and other forms of composition operation.

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Unit-V Fuzzy Control & Applications: Fuzzy control systems, Introduction, simple fuzzy logic controllers with examples, classical fuzzy control problems, inverter pendulum, image processing, Home heating system, Adaptive fuzzy systems, hybrid systems.
Texts Books: 1. Introduction to Artificial Neural Systems, J.M. Zurada, Jaico Publishers, 2001. 2. Neural Networks: A Comprehensive Foundation, Simon Haykins, Pearson Education, Asia, 2nd edition. 3. Fuzzy Logic with Engineering Applications, Timothy J. Ross, McGraw Hill, New York, 2nd edition. Reference Books: 1. Fuzzy Set Theory and its Applications, H.J. Zimmermann, Kluwer Academic Publishers, London, 3rd edition. 2. Understanding Neural Networks and Fuzzy Logic: Basic Concepts and Applications, Stamatios V Kartalopoulos, Prentice Hall of India (P) Ltd., New Delhi, 2000.

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