ULTIMATE LOADS AND TORQUES

WRENCH / SPANNER CLERANCES AROUND SCREW HEADS

Wrench / spanner clearances around screw Heads . ... Important Note The information below is generally based on conservative appraisals of the clearance required for open ended spanners, ring spanners, and sockets. It is probable that smaller dimensions can be used if the wrench / spanner / socket geometry is selected at the early design stage. The links on this table provide more detailed information. For Bolt edge distances applicable to structural design refer to Edge Distances

Bolts Holes, Min Spacings, and Wrench / Spanner Clearances Precision Hexagon Bolts And Screws

Dimensions in mm Tables for bolts and screws in accordance with BS 3692:2001..ISO metric precision hexagon bolts, screws and nuts. Specification. Note clearance hole dimension "D" is in line with BS EN 20273:1992, ISO 273:1979. med fit

Clearance Size M3 M4 M5 M6 M8 M10 M12 M16 M20 M24 M30 M36 Hole D 3.4 4.5 5.5 6.6 9.0 11.0 13.5 17.5 22,0 26,0 33.0 39.0 Min P 14 17 20 24 30 37 42 50 60 75 94 104 a 10 10 10 14 18 28 30 30 32 48 60 60 b 8 8 8 10 12 14 16 20 22 25 30 34 c 10 12 12 15 18 21 22 26 32 38 48 52 G 14 14 17 22 27 30 38 46 55 70 90

S Nom. Size Spanner(A/F) 5.5 7 8 10 13 17 19 24 30 36 46 55

H (Sq.Drive) 14(6,3) 22(10) 22(10) 26(12,5) 26(12,5) 27(12,5) 29(12,5) 42(20) 47(20) 54(20) 70(25) 81(25)

High Strength Friction Grip Bolts

Dimensions in mm Clearances suitable for bolts & nuts to BS EN 14399-3:2005.. High-strength structural bolting for preloading. System HR. Hexagon bolt and nut Clearance Size M16 M20 M24 M30 M36 Min P 56 64 84 98 112 a 30 48 48 60 60 b 25 28 40 45 45 c 38 42 55 65 70 G 27 48 65 77 81 S Nom. Size Spanner (A/F) 27 32 41 50 60

EDGE DISTANCES
Minimum Edge Distances as identified in BS 5950-1 2000 "Structural use of steelwork in building. Code of practice for design. Rolled and welded sections". Notes; BS EN 1993-3 2005 supersedes this standard and the edge distances in this standard seem to be a bit less than the ones I have listed. However I have maintained my figures in line with the original version. It must be stated that connections under tension with the end edge distance (b = 1,4 D) cannot withstand the full load that is possible with the bolted connection. An end distance of B = 2D is required to achieve this maximum strength.

Nominal Size (d)

Clearance Hoe(D)

Pitch (A)

Min Edge(B)

Min Edge(C)

M12 M16 M20 M24 M27 M30 M36

14 18 22 26 30 33 39

30 40 50 60 68 75 90

20 26 31 37 42 47 55

18 23 28 33 38 42 49

TENSILE AND PROOF STRESS OF METRIC BOLTS AND SCREWS

Tensile and Proof Stress Of Metric Bolts and Screws. (Carbon Steel )

Indicated stresses in Newton/mm Strength Designation Nom. Tensile Strength Min Tensile Strength Lower Yield Stress 300 330 180/190

3.6

4.6 400 400 240 400 420

4.8

5.6 500 500 300 500 520

5.8

6.8 600 600 480 -

8.8 =< 16mm 800 800 640 800 830 -

8.8 > 16

9.8 900 900 720

10.9 1000 1000 900/940

12.9 1200 1200 1080/100

320/340 -

400/420 -

Stress at Perm. Set

640/660

In accordance with BS 3692:2001 and BS EN IOS 898-1 : 1999 Tensile Strength Of Metric Nuts

Indicated stresses in Newton/mm

Strength Designation Tensile Strength 400

4 500

5 600

6 800

8 1000

10 1200

12

In accordance with BS 3692:2001 The designation system allows the determination of the ultimate and yield/proof strength of the bolt. The designation system is based on two 2 numbers e.g 8.8 . The first number is the tensile strength of the bolt material (N )/100. The second number is = 1/100.(the ratio of the Proof

(or Yield ) stress and the Tensile strength expressed as a percentage = 100.[Yield (Proof stress) /Tensile strength] /100 The tensile and proof strength of the steel for a 4.6 bolt is therefore calculated as follows Tensile strength (Rm) = 4.100 N/mm = 400 N/mm .... Proof strength (R0,2) = 0,6*400 * 100 /100 = 240 N/mm
2 2 2

Tensile and Proof Stress Of Metric Bolts and Screws. (Stainless Steel )

Stainless steels include Austenitic, Martensitic and Ferritic.. Austenitic stainless steels.. Chromium nickel steels which can be cold worked. Non magnetic. Associated grades ( Steel Number according to BS EN 10088 pt 1) = A1 (1.4305) , A2 (1.4301) ,A3 (1.4541) , A4 (1.4401) and A5 (1.4571). Martensitic stainless steels .. Limited corrosion resistance but can be heat treated for superior strength properties. Magnetic Properties. Associated grades ( Steel Number according to BS EN 10088 pt 1) = C1 (1.4006 etc) , C3 (1.4057), C4(1.4104) Ferritic stainless steels .. Plain chromium stainless steels with a chromium content varying between 10.5 and 18% and a low carbon content. They not hardenable by heat treatment. Ferritic alloys have good ductility and formability but a relatively poor high temperature strength compared austenitic grades. Magnetic.. Associated grades = F1 Tensile and Proof Stress Of Metric Bolts and Screws. (Stainless Steel )

Indicated stresses in Newton/mm Stainless Steel Steel Grade Strength class 50 Tensile Strength 500 0,2% proof stress 210 Austenitic A1, A2, A3, A4, A5 80 800 600

Martensitic 100 1000 750 50 500 250 C1,C4 70 700 410 C1 110 1100 820 80 800 640 C3 45 450 250

70 700 450

Ferritic F1 60 600 410