Pg. 520: Treasures of the Cell Phone 1: What are the reasons why e-waste is not recycled more?

E-waste has a lack of simple, effective, small-scale, inexpensive way to recycle. 23.1: The Importance of Resources to Society 1: Define the following: * Renewable Resources: sources that are renewable * Non-Renewable Resources: sources that are not non-renewable What differentiates renewable and non-renewable resources? Renewable sources have availability in human time framework. 2: How many tons of non-fuel minerals does the typical American use per year? A typical American uses 10 tons of non-fuel minerals per year. 23.2: Materials Management: What is it? 1: Define Materials Management: the visionary environmental goal of sustainably obtaining and using renewable and nonrenewable resources. 2: What are 5 ways that this can be pursued? 1. Eliminate subsidies for virgin materials 2. Establish green building ways 3. Assess financial penalties 4. Provide financial incentives for industrial practices and products that benefit the environment 5. Provide more incentives for people, industry for people, industry, and agriculture to develop materials-management programs 3: How does the idea of materials management and recycling changing where paper mills are located? They are built closer to cities which use only the nearby products. 23.3: Mineral Resources 1: When metals are concentrated in such high amounts by geologic processes, Ore deposits are formed.

2: In the Earths crust, which element makes up the most % by composition? What is 2nd? First is oxygen, then silicon. 3: How are sedimentary processes and weathering involved in mineral deposits? They help transfer minerals. 23.4: Figuring Out How Much is Left 1: What is the difference between a mineral resource and a mineral reserve? A mineral resource are concentrations of elements, chemical compounds, minerals, or rocks. Mineral reserves are concentrations that time of evaluation can be legally and economically extracted as a commodity that can be sold at a profit. 2: Earths mineral resources can be divided into which broad categories? The categories are elements for metal production and technology, building materials, minerals for the chemical industry, and minerals for agriculture. 3: When the availability of a particular mineral becomes limited, there are four possible solutions: 1: Find more sources 2: Recycle and reuse what has already been obtained 3: Reduce consumption 4: Find a substitute 23.5: Impact of Mineral Development 1: What are some of the environmental impacts of surface mining (open-pit mines)? Adding harmful trace elements, degrading, changing topography, and dust in the air/ 2: What are some of the social impacts of large scale mining operations? Stresses on local services.

3: What can be done to minimize the environmental effects of mining? Reclaiming areas, stabilizing soils, controlling air emissions and treating waste onsite and off. 4: What are the 3 Rs of waste management? Reduce amount of wasted, reuse waste, and maximize recycling opportunities. 23.6: Materials Management and Our Waste 1: Compare dilute and disperse to the contemporary method of concentrate and contain. Dilute and disperse was able to rid of waste quickly, but concentrate and contain uses containers that can leak. 2: In the next few years, how many U.S. cities will run out of landfill space? Half of the cities. 3: What is NIMBY? It is the attitude that no one wants to live near a landfill. 4: Describe the concept of industrial ecology and how it will be essential in the future. It is the study of relationships among industrial systems and their links to natural systems. 5: What is your opinion of pay as you throw? Defend your opinion. I believe it would be a good idea since many people would like to save money and it has already seen some results from the world. 23.7: Integrated Waste Management 1: Define Integrated Waste Management (IWM): a set of management alternatives that include reuse, source reduction, recycling, composting, landfill, and incineration. 2: What is waste stream? The waste produced. 3: What is single-stream recycling? It is the recycling of paper, plastic, etc. that are not separated before collection. 4: What are some creative ways that industry are encouraging recycling? Using canvas bags, recycling paper bags, and providing recycling bins in restaurants.

5: How can human waste (night soil) be re-used and recycled? What are some drawbacks? It was used for the plants but spread infectious diseases. 23.8: Municipal Solid-Waste Management 1: Which product comprises the largest percentage of waste dumped in the United States? Is this surprising? Paper was not surprising. 2: Define Composting: (What are the pros and cons?): Composting is when organic materials decompose for soil-like material. It is reducing waste but can be toxic to some plants. 3: What are the pros and cons of incineration? It leaves waste in ash form, but can produce air pollution and toxic ash. 4: What is a sanitary landfill and how is it accomplished? How is a sanitary landfill selected? What things need to be considered? A landfill design to contain refuse without being a nuisance to the public. They must be sites that are chosen wisely. Usually in dry environments are where they are placed to make sure they will not produce leachate. 5: What is environmental justice? The study of social issues in siting facilities, chemical plants, and other such facilities. 6: What is leachate? Noxious, mineralized liquid capable of transporting bacterial pollutants. 7: How can pollutants enter the environment from sanitary landfills? Leachate. 8: What are the federal mandates for sanitary landfills? There is the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1980 for the USA. 9: What are some actions you can take to reduce the waste you generate? Know whtat waste you produce, recycle, and reuse products. 23.9: Hazardous Waste

1: Where is most of the hazardous waste generated in the U.S.? What are the sources of hazardous waste in the United States? East of the Mississippi River. There are sources from electronic industry, paints, pesticides, and other chemicals. 2: Summarize (in 3-4 sentences) the story of Love Canal. Love Canal an event where an uncareful dumpsite of chemicals occurred. Many people moved there and established a community on the buried chemicals. Soon there were complaints of health problems, and the government spent money to clean up and move the harmed people. 23.2: A Closer Look: e-waste: A Growing Environmental Problem 1: Summarize the problem with e-waste in the United States. E-waste is produced the most by the United States. There is not a proper way of recycling or reducing the e-waste, so we will continue to ship it to other countries. 23.10: Hazardous-Waste Legislation 1: What is the purpose of RCRA (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act)? Its purpose is to plan a way to clean up dump sites and produce regulations for companies. 2: What is the purpose of CERCLA (Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act)? Its purpose is to set money aside for serious environmental problems. 23.11: Hazardous-Waste Management: Land Disposal 1: Look at the chart on pg. 541- List the PROS/CONS of each of the Hazard Reduction Technologies: Landfills and impoundments: Pros: low volatiles, high for insoluble solids, low costs relative. Cons: long-term integrity, water affected, highly toxic Injection wells:

Pros: high effectiveness, low relative costs depth, water, reactive corrosive, highly toxic

Cons: reliability issues with geology, well

23.13: Ocean Dumping 1: What are some of the ways that ocean pollution has affected ocean life? Retarded growth or death, reduction of dissolved oxygen, eutrophication. 2: Why are the marine waters of Europe in trouble? There are concentrations of nutrients in seawater. 3: Why is the microlayer of the ocean considered to be so important? It is the base of the food chain. 23.14: Pollution Prevention 1: What are the steps of ocean pollution prevention? Purchasing proper amount of raw materials, exercising better control of materials, substituting nontoxic chemicals, and improving engineering. 23.15: Sustainable Resource Management 1: What is the R to C Ratio- What does it tell us? The measure of how much time we have for finding solutions to the depletion of nonrenewable reserves. It tells us the time. Read: Can We Make Recycling a Financially Viable Industry? Answer the following: 1: What can be done about the global problem of e-waste? Could more be recycled safely? We can educate people and plan better. Yes.

2: What can be done to assist recycling industries to become more cost-effective? The recycling industries can have more education, hold people responsible for good produced, and not charging recycling. 3: What are some of the indirect benefits to society and the environment from recycling? Better education and futures. 4: Define or criticize the contention that if we really want to do something to improve the environment through reduction of waste, we have to move beyond evaluating benefits of recycling based simply on the fact that it may cost more than dumping waste in a landfill. More people should just stop being ignorant and look at the overall future of the good recycling. 5: What are the recycling efforts in your community and university, and how could improvements be made? There is a recycling program in my community and more people should just recycle. Summary: Suppose you found that the home you had been living in for 15 years was located over a buried waste disposal site. What would you do? What kinds of studies could be done to evaluate the potential problems? I would move very quickly and check with the doctors for any health problem within me. Studies looking into links between disposal sites and health problems that are presented to the public would help.