Vert 42 Leaf Col 01.

3 De la WIKIPEDIA, enciclopedia liber

De la WIKIPEDIA, enciclopedia liber Vert 42 Leaf Col 01.3

Pe!t Proble"!

http://www.buglogical.com/pest-problems/ Home > Pest Problems

Beneficial Nematodes Ants ad!bugs " #reen acewings " Aphidoletes "Aphidius " Pra!ing $antis " %rius &$inute Pirate Bugs' " #arden (ariet! Pac) Aphids Japanese Beetles

Beneficial Nematodes

Beneficial Nematodes June Beetles

Arm! *orms

Beneficial Nematodes " +richogramma " %rius &$inute Pirate Bugs' " #reen acewings

Beneficial Nematodes eaf Beetles

Beneficial Nematodes Bar) Beetles eafhopper s

Beneficial Nematodes " ad!bugs

Beneficial Nematodes Beetles eafworms

ad!bugs " +richogramma " %ri us &$inute Pirate Bugs' " #reen acewings

Beneficial Nematodes Billbugs $eal! Bugs

,r!ptolaemus " ad!bugs " #re en acewings

$os/uito 0un)s " Pra!ing $antis Blac) -l! ar.ae +richogramma " ad!bugs " %rius &$inute Pirate Bugs' " #reen acewings $ole ,ric)et

Beneficial Nematodes

Beneficial Nematodes $ormon ,ric)et

Bollworms

+richogramma " %rius &$inute Pirate Bugs' "#reen acewings ,aterpillars $os/uitoes

$os/uito 0un)s " Pra!ing $antis

Beneficial Nematodes ,inch Bugs Natural Pollination

Bumblebees &Bombus impatiens'

,odling $oths

Beneficial Nematodes " +richogramma " %rius &$inute Pirate Bugs' " #reen acewings

Beneficial Nematodes Pine Beetle

Beneficial Nematodes ,olorado Potato Beetle 1oot *ee.ils

Beneficial Nematodes

Beneficial Nematodes ,ucumber Beetles 1ootworm

Beneficial Nematodes

+richogramma " Beneficial Nematodes " %rius &$inute Pirate Bugs' " #reen acewings ,utworms

ad!bugs " #reen acewings " Pra!ing $antis 2cale 3nsects

Beneficial Nematodes -lea Beetles 2nails and 2lugs

0ecollate 2nails

Beneficial Nematodes -leas 2oil 0welling Pests

Beneficial Nematodes

Beneficial Nematodes " -l! Parasite Predators -lies

2pider $ites

P. persimilis" $. longipes" N. californicus "#reen acewings " Pra!ing $antis "#arden (ariet! Pac)

+richogramma " %rius &$inute Pirate Bugs' "#reen acewings -ruit-*orms

Beneficial Nematodes 2/uash Bugs

H!poaspis " Beneficial Nematodes -ungus #nats +ermites

Beneficial Nematodes

H!poaspis " Beneficial Nematodes #all #nats +hrips

Ambl!seius ,ucumeris " %rius &$inute Pirate Bugs' " H!poaspis " ad!bugs " #arden (ariet! Pac)

Nosema 3ocustae bait #rasshoppe rs (ine *ee.ils

Beneficial Nematodes

Aphidius " ad!bugs #reen Peach Aphid *hite #rubs

Beneficial Nematodes

Beneficial Nematodes #rubs *hitefl!

4ncarsia -ormosa " 0elphastus " #reen acewings " %rius &$inute Pirate Bugs'

Delp#a!t$! p$!ill$!
Delphastus Home > Biological 2olutions > 0elphastus

http://www.buglogical.com/delphastus/

+his tin! predaceous beetle is being de.eloped for whitefl! control. 3t wor)s best at high population le.els of whitefl!" higher than most growers would find acceptable within a crop. +he adults must feed on at least 56 whitefl! eggs per da! in order to continue their own egg production. Both the adult and lar.al stages feed on whiteflies. 3ntroduction rates range from 5 0elphastus per infested plant or 7-56 per 56 s/uare feet. 0elphastus alone will not be able to reduce whitefl! populations to acceptable le.els. A program in.ol.ing 4ncarsia as well will li)el! be necessar!. Whitefly Predatory Beetle -Delphastus pusillus

Product 30 : 0P56 Price: $89.50 2elect the si8e 0elphastus pusillus is a small nati.e from -lorida with a wide distribution across the central and southern 9.2. 3t is also found in ,entral America" the ,aribbean and in 2outh America as far south as Peru. 0. pusillus attac)s all species and stages of whiteflies" but prefers eggs and n!mphs. +he adults are small &5/5: inch'" shin!" blac) beetles. +he! are strong fliers that will immigrate into areas that contain high densities of whiteflies. 0. pusillus responds to odors emitted b! immature whiteflies" so it can find congregations of them easil! among the foliage. +he beetles tend to fl! around more on o.ercast da!s. -emale beetles li.e for about ; months" during which time the! la! < to = eggs per da!. &$ale beetles li.e for 5 month.' +he! generall! la! their eggs within clusters of whitefl! eggs" which ma)es it easier for the !oung lar.ae to find a food source. +he eggs are 6.; mm long" clear and twice as long as the! are wide. +he elongate lar.ae are pale !ellow. 4ach instar lasts 5-< da!s. 0. pusillus pupates on lower lea.es" in leaf litter" or in other protected locations" often in groups. +he pupa stage lasts appro>imatel! : da!s. Newl! emerged adults are pale-brown to almost white. +he! e.entuall! turn blac) with a brown head. 0e.elopment from egg to adult ta)es appro>imatel! < wee)s at ?6-?7--. Both lar.ae and adults are acti.e predators that can consume numerous eggs or n!mphs each da!. An adult 0elphastus ta)es no longer than half a minute to handle a whitefl! egg" and de.ours up to 5:6 eggs or 5; large n!mphs dail!. A lar.a consumes 5666 whitefl! eggs &less if it also eats whitefl! n!mphs' during its entire de.elopment. Adults and lar.ae feed b! piercing the insect with their mouthparts and alternatel! suc)ing and regurgitating the internal contents to digest and consume it. Adult females feed more on eggs and first instars than on later stages. 0elphastus performs best at temperatures between :7 and @6-- and when relati.e humidit! is abo.e A6B. Beetle searching" feeding" and egg la!ing ma! be inhibited b! plants with

dense trichomes &hairs'. +herefore this natural enem! ma! not be suitable for use against whiteflies on some plants" such as man! .arieties of tomato. 3n addition" adult mo.ement is inhibited b! e>cessi.e amounts of hone!dew produced b! the whiteflies. Beetles are slowed down or trapped in the stic)! e>udate. 0elphastus has the potential to decimate large populations of whiteflies in the greenhouse since a single beetle can consume 56"666 whitefl! eggs in its lifetime. Howe.er" since adult female beetles must feed on o.er ;66 eggs per da! in order to reproduceC these beetles are unli)el! to persist when whitefl! numbers are low. 0elphastus can be used in conDunction with other biological control organisms. Both adult and lar.al beetles a.oid feeding on whitefl! n!mphs parasiti8ed b! wasps such as 4ncarsia when the wasps are in later stages of de.elopment. 3n some e>periments whitefl! control was better when the beetle was released simultaneousl! with a wasp" than when the natural enemies were released alone. 0elphastus" which is commerciall! a.ailable" is normall! shipped as adults" often in a tube filled with shredded paper or other cushioning material. 9pon arri.al" these predators should be released immediatel!C although the beetle can be stored briefl! at 7@-:?--. 1eleases should be made in the earl! morning or e.ening &dus)' near areas of high whitefl! populations. 0elphastus is most effecti.e at high whitefl! densities" so it ma! be of limited benefit in greenhouses where whitefl! populations are )ept at low population le.els b! other means. But e.en in these situations it can be used as a rescue treatment to help suppress Ehot spotsE where whitefl! colonies are increasing.

Decollate %nail!
Decollate Snails http://www.buglogical.com/decollate-snails/

Not a.ailable in ,alifornia north of the +ehachapi $ountains. T ! D!"#$$%T! S&%'$ 'S % P(!D%T#( #) S$*+S %&D B(#W& +%(D!& S&%'$S. ,ontrol infestations of small and medium brown garden snails with decollate snails. 0ecollates also eat old leaf mulch" but the! do not eat health! plants. 0uring the da! 0ecollates li.e in the first few inches of moist top soil" leaf mulch or under roc)s. As the sun goes down the! come out to hunt !our slugs and snails. 0ecollates mo.e about the garden loo)ing for the egg masses of the slugs and snails" and attac)ing the smaller brown garden snail. A 0ecollate snail li.es for about ; !ears and la!s about ;66 eggs a !ear. %nce it is released and wor)ing it is most often the last time !ou will e.er need to spend mone! to fight the brown garden snail. %.er a period of time !our slugs and snails will be brought

under control without the use of poisonous chemicals. +he snails will be dormant when !ou recei.e them. (!$!%S'&+ '&ST(*"T'#&S.... 3f the 0ecollate snails are dormant and not mo.ing around" then place them in a pan or buc)et and run cool water o.er them for ;-< minutes. 0rain off the water and place them in a moist" shad! area where brown snails are present. 0ecollate snails will burrow into the soil for the winter. Allow time for them to wor)C it ma! ta)e up to ; !ears for hea.! brown snail problems to be eradicated. %b.iousl! this is a long term in.estment re/uiring patience and diligence" but the reward is a permanent depression of the snail population. 3n time it will nearl! eliminate the brown snail population. +o facilitate the process" disperse the decollate snails in se.eral locations where organic matter is plentiful. 9se about 566 per normal si8e !ard or 5666 per acre. Decollate Snails -(u,ina decollata

Product is out of stoc)

&arden Lad'b$(!
+arden $ady-u.s Home > Biological 2olutions > #arden ad!bugs http://www.buglogical.com/garden-lad!bugs/ $ady-u.s for controllin. pests in your .arden are the ,ost popular and /idely used -eneficial insects for co,,ercial and ho,e use. $ady-u.s are capa-le of consu,in. up to 50 to 00 aphids per day -ut /ill also eat a 1ariety of other insects and lar1ae includin. scales2 ,ealy -u.s2 leaf hoppers2 ,ites2 and 1arious types of soft--odied insects. $ady-u.s2 also called lady -eetles or lady-ird -eetles2 are a 1ery -eneficial .roup of insects. $ady-u.s are natural ene,ies of ,any insect pests and it has -een de,onstrated that a sin.le lady-u. ,ay consu,e as ,any as 52000 aphids in its lifeti,e. $ady-u.s

+arden 'nsects 3ariety Pac4

Product 30 : BP56 Price: $59.65 The +arden 3ariety 5766 ad!bugs" and 5"666 #reen lacewing eggs" and +wo Pra!ing mantis egg cases. +arden Delu7e 3ariety 5766 ad!bugs" 5"666 #reen lacewing eggs" +wo Pra!ing mantis egg cases" and 7 $il. HB F 2, Nematodes mi>ed. ad!bugs will feed on other pests" but are best )nown to eliminate aphid populations" and are one of the most acti.e predators. +he! search all da! from dawn to dus) for food. ad!bugs are shipped in the adult stage and is one of the most effecti.e economicall! important insect predator )nown.

When you buy ladybugs from almost any other source they have been hauled all around the United States from 2 to 3 different companies. It is best to order fresh healthy ladybugs and have them delivered directly to you from a reliable source. This stresses out the ladybugs, robbing them of their vigor, aphid eating and reproduction capabilities. Other ladybugs may travel an e tra !"" to #,""" miles over 3 to $ days or more before they reach you% Our ladybugs are shipped &ed' ne t day delivery or &ed' second day delivery, your choice.

ad!bug eggs are football-shaped and orange in color and laid in circular clusters of <-;6 on the underside of lea.es. 4ach female can la! 56-76 eggs dail!. +he lar.e consume up to =66 aphids at a rate of 76-:6 aphids a da! in later stages. 3f food supplies are short the! will cannibali8e each other. ar.ae li.e for three wee)s before pupating. After ;-7 da!s adults emerge and continue to feed. Pollen and nectar are necessar! for maturation of newl! emerged lad! bug adults" particularl! before a winter hibernation season. Adults can sur.i.e on pollen and nectar for limited periods" but a suppl! of aphids or other pre! is necessar! for egg production. Pests Attac)ed $ost lad! beetles found on crops and in gardens are aphid predators. 2ome species prefer onl! certain aphid species while others will attac) man! aphid species on a .ariet! of crops. 2ome prefer mite or scale species. 3f aphids are scarce" lad! beetle adults and lar.ae ma! feed on the eggs of moths and beetles" and mites" thrips" and other small insects" as well as pollen and nectar. +he! ma! also be cannibalistic. Because of their abilit! to sur.i.e on other pre! when aphids are in short suppl!" lad! beetles are particularl! .aluable natural enemies. ife ,!cle *ithin a !ear" there can be as man! as 7-: generations of lad!bugs as the a.erage time from egg to adult onl! ta)es about <-= wee)s. 3n the spring" adults find food and then the females la! an!where from 76-<66 eggs. +he tin! eggs are !ellow F o.al shaped and are usuall! found in clusters of 56-76" near aphid colonies. +he eggs ta)e <-7 da!s to hatch and the lar.ae .oraciousl! feed on aphids for ;-< wee)s before the! pupate into adults. 3n the fall" adults hibernate in plant refuse and cre.ices. +he! often do this in mass where se.eral hundred adults will gather at the base of a tree" along a fence row or under a roc). +he! especiall! li)e areas where lea.es protect them from cold winter temperatures. i)e all beetles" the lad! beetles ha.e a complete metamorphosis with distinct egg" lar.al" pupal" and adult stages. Adults of one common species" the ,on.ergent ad! Beetle &Hippodamia con.ergens'" spend the winter in protected hiding places such as logs" bui3dings" ground co.ering .egetation" and the li)e" where man! hundreds of indi.iduals ma! cluster together. *ith the onset of spring the adults lea.e their winter homes and fl! to fields and !ards where mating ta)es place. +he females deposit the eggs in clusters of up to a do8en per mass. +he lar.ae hatch from the eggs in about a wee) and immediatel! start to consume aphids or other appropriate food. 3n a little less than a month the! pupate and the pupal period lasts onl! about one wee). *hen the adults emerge the! too feed on aphids" but as fall approaches the! ma! eat some pollen which supplies fat for winter hibernation. Attracting ad!bugs in the #arden Apart from aphids" lad!bugs also re/uire a source of pollen for food and are attracted to specific t!pes of plants. +he most popular ones ha.e umbrella shaped flowers such as fennel" dill" cilantro" carawa!" angelica" tans!" wild carrot F !arrow. %ther plants that also attract lad!bugs include cosmos &especiall! the white ones'" coreopsis" and scented geraniums" dandelions. *hen !ou are home" put the bag in a cool place &refrigerator' until late in the da! or earl! morning. 0o not release the lad!bugs during the heat of the da! or while the sun is shining. 2prin)le or irrigate the area before releasing" so the lad!bugs will ha.e a drin) of water after their Dourne!. Being wild creatures" lad!bugs will lea.e if the! donGt li)e their new home. Hou ma! ha.e to e>periment to pro.ide the right en.ironment for them. As 3 mention abo.e" it is important to release the lad!bugs in the e.ening or later because the! will not fl! at night and need a settling down period after being handled.

*hen releasing" gentl! scatter or spread them out so each lad!bug can find food immediatel!. +o help ensure the success of !our program" there are man! wa!s !ou can impro.e the habitat for beneficial insects. %ne of these is to )eep moisture le.els high" as man! beneficials re/uire high humidit! or read! access to free water droplets. High humidit! is more easil! maintained b! ha.ing plants close together. +he garden or field should ha.e .arious lowering plants to pro.ide nectar and pollen for adult beneficial insects. 3n general" a mi>ture of closel!-growing plants and flowers will greatl! benefit both nati.e and beneficial insects. +his should result in higher producti.it! for !our organic garden or farm. ad!bugs are also called lad! beetles or lad!bird beetles" are natural enemies of man! insect pests and it has been demonstrated that a single lad! beetle ma! consume as man! as 7"666 aphids in its lifetime. Apart from planting attracti.e plants in the garden" !ou can also promote lad!bug populations b! elimination of spra!ing insecticides. Not onl! are lad!bugs sensiti.e to most s!nthetic insecticides" but if the maDorit! of their food source is gone" the! wonGt la! their eggs in !our garden. As difficult as it ma! be" allowing aphids to li.e on certain plants is necessar! to ensure that there is enough food for lad!bugs. 3n addition" resist the urge to s/uish bugs F eggs in the garden" unless !ouGre certain that the! are not beneficial. 14 4A24 3N2+19,+3%N2: *hen !ou are home" put the bag in a cool place &refrigerator' until late in the da! or earl! morning. 0o not release the lad!bugs during the heat of the da! or while the sun is shining. 2prin)le or irrigate the area before releasing" so the lad!bugs will ha.e a drin) of water after their Dourne!. Being wild creatures" lad!bugs will lea.e if the! donGt li)e their new home. Hou ma! ha.e to e>periment to pro.ide the right en.ironment for them. As 3 mention abo.e" it is important to release the lad!bugs in the e.ening or later because the! will not fl! at night and need a settling down period after being handled. *hen releasing" gentl! scatter or spread them out so each lad!bug can find food immediatel!. +o help ensure the success of !our program" there are man! wa!s !ou can impro.e the habitat for beneficial insects. %ne of these is to )eep moisture le.els high" as man! beneficials re/uire high humidit! or read! access to free water droplets. High humidit! is more easil! maintained b! ha.ing plants close together. +he garden or field should ha.e .arious lowering plants to pro.ide nectar and pollen for adult beneficial insects. 3n general" a mi>ture of closel!-growing plants and flowers will greatl! benefit both nati.e and beneficial insects. +his should result in higher producti.it! for !our organic garden or farm. ad!bugs are also called lad! beetles or lad!bird beetles" are natural enemies of man! insect pests and it has been demonstrated that a single lad! beetle ma! consume as man! as 7"666 aphids in its lifetime.

)eneficial *e"atode!
Beneficial &e,atodes Home > Biological 2olutions > Beneficial Nematodes

http://www.buglogical.com/beneficial-nematodes/

Beneficial Nematodes --or Pest 3nsects Beneficial nematodes see) out and )ill all stages of harmful soil-dwelling insects. +he! can be used to control a broad range of soil-inhabiting insects and abo.e-ground insects in their soil-inhabiting stage of life. $ore than ;66 species of insect pests from 566 insect families are susceptible to these insect predators. +he! are a natural and effecti.e alternati.e to chemical pesticides" and ha.e no detrimental affect on non-target species such as lad!bugs" earth worms and other helpful garden insects.-inall!" there is no e.idence that parasitic nematodes or their s!mbiotic bacteria can de.elop in .ertebrates. +his ma)es nematode use for insect pest control safe and en.ironmentall! friendl!. +he 9nited 2tates 4n.ironmental Protection Agenc! &4PA' has ruled that nematodes are e>empt from registration because the! occur naturall! and re/uire no genetic modification b! man. Beneficial nematodes can be applied an!time during the !ear when soil-dwelling insects are present and soil tempertures are abo.e =7-- during the da!. Beneficial nematodes see) out and )ill o.er ;66 pest insects in the soil.+he! are a natural effecti.e alternati.e to chemical pesticides. Beneficial nematodes are formulated and applied as infecti.e Du.eniles" the en.ironmentall! tolerant free li.ing stage that attac)s the insect. +her are se.eral species and strains that are speciali8ed for particular host insects. 3t is important to choose the right species for the Dob. Please re.iew these nematode t!pes for !our selection. 2teinernema carpocapsae" and -eltiae uses an EambushE strateg! as the! wait for an insect host to mo.e b!" and therefore wor)s well against pests that are mo.ing around the soil surface. +he Heterorhabditids bacteriophora do well against soil pests that are not as mobile because these nematodes are EcruisersE" the! acti.el! search for hosts deeper in the soil. 56 $illion nematodes" #arden 2i8e: will treat up to <";66 s/.ft. 76 $illion nematodes will treat up to 5/; acre. 566 million nematodes will treat up to an acre.

&reen Lace+in(
+reen $ace/in.

Home > Biological 2olutions > #reen acewing http://www.buglogical.com/green-lacewing/

#reen acewing - ,hr!soperia carnea +he green lacewing is another one of the most effecti.e predator! insect )nown. T ! 8%P 'D $'#&8 After a few da!s" the eggs hatch and tin! lar.ae emerge which are also )nown as(aphid lions( because of their .oracious appetite. +here is no other better predator )nown to consume .ast /uantities of eggs and the soft bodies of aphids" meal!bugs" spider mites" leafhopper n!mphs" caterpillar eggs" scales" thrips" and white-flies. +he lacewing lar.ae attac) the eggs of most pests and" if the bodies are not to hard and fast mo.ing" will attac) the adult pest stage as well. 9se lacewing eggs/lar.ae for greenhouses and gardens. ar.ae will onl! feed for 5-< wee)s before the! become adults &eating onl! nectar and hone!dew'. 9se appro>imatel! 56 lacewing eggs/lar.ae per plant or 5666 eggs per ;66 s/uare feet. After a few da!s" the eggs hatch and tin! lar.ae emerge. +he lar.ae are gra!-brown in color and newl! hatch are .er! tin!. 2imilar in appearance to an alligator with pincers" the lacewing lar.ae .igorousl! attac)s its pre!" inDects a paral!8ing .enom" and draws out the bod! fluids of its helpless .ictim. 0epending on climate conditions" the adults will li.e for about four to si> wee)s" feeding onl! on nectar" pollen and hone!dew. 3f these food sources are not a.alable" it will simpl! lea.e the area and la! its eggs elsewhere. #reen lacewing eggs are shipped in bran or rice hulls and pac)ed with moth eggs for food. +he best time to release is earl! morning or later afternoon. Ne.er release in the heat of the da!. -or best results" immediate use is ad.ised howe.er" when release is incon.enient" the! can be stored in the refrigerator for up to =? hours. *armer temperatures will speed up their emergence and newl! hatched lacewing lar.ae are hungr! and will cannibali8e each other if the! are not released /uic)l!. 3f the infestation has not been arrested after 7 to A da!s" additional releases ma! be necessar!. *hen releasing on a regular schedule" change the release sites within the target area to get ma>imum co.erage. +reen $ace/in. - "hrysoperia carnea

Product 30 : #(P56 Price: $9:.95

%pider "ite predator!

http://www.buglogical.com/spider-mite-predator/ spider ,ite predators Home > Biological 2olutions > 2pider $ite Predator

Spider ,ite lar1ae2 ny,phs and adults feed on the underside of the lea.es and cause !ellow spots"later e.en !ellow lea.es. Plant cells turn !ellow" which can be seen on the upper surface of the leaf as small !ellow spots. +his reduces the photos!nthetic area of the leaf and the plant gets out of the ph!siological balance. +his results in decreased plant growth and production. -inall! the crop ma! die from the infestation. N!mphs and adults produce webbing that can cause cosmetic damage to the crop. 3f large numbers of spider mites are present" plants ma! be completel! co.ered with webs. Biological Control 2pider mites ha.e man! natural enemies" which limit their numbers in man! landscapes and gardens" especiall! when undisturbed b! pesticide spra!s. 2ome of the most important are the predator! mites" including the )alendromus &I*etaseiulus+ occidentalis, and persimilis species. Predator! mites are about the same si8e as plant-feeding mites but ha.e longer legs and are more acti.e. +he purchase and release of predator! mites can be useful in establishing populations in large plantings or orchards" but the best results are obtained b! creating fa.orable conditions for naturall! occurring predatorsJfor instance" b! a.oiding dust! conditions and pesticide spra!s. +he maDor predator mites commerciall! a.ailable for release are the western predator! mite and ,hytoseiulus. +he western predator! mite is more effecti.e under hot" dr! conditions. +hese predators do not feed on foliage or become pestsC thus if pest mites are not a.ailable when predator! mites are released" the predators star.e or migrate elsewhere. 3f !ou wish to establish predators in a hea.il! infested orchard or garden that has few predators" use a soap spra! to bring pest mites to a lower le.el and then release predator! mites. A good guideline is that one predator is needed for e.er! ten

spider mites to pro.ide control. $ore than one application of predator! mites ma! be re/uired if !ou want to reduce pest populations rapidl!. ,oncentrate releases in hot spots where spider mite numbers are highest. %nce established on perennials" predator! mites ma! reproduce and pro.ide biological control indefinitel! without further augmentation unless nonselecti.e insecticides are applied that )ill the predators. 1elease rates: - -or tomatoes and cucumbers" 5 predator per plant plus 5-; per infested leaf. - -or other greenhouse crops" tropical plants" and outdoor gardens" ;"666 per <"666 s/. ft. - -or bedding plants" 5"666 per 56"666 s/. ft. - -or large agri-business" 7"666 - ;6"666 per acre depending on infestation. Triple Blend Predatory Spider ;ites

Product 30 : P ,56 Price: $68.50 Spider ;ite "ontrol - $on.ipes

Product 30 : $ 56 Price: $6<.50 Spider ;ite "ontrol - #ccidentalis

Product 30 : #%56 Price: $6<.50 Spider ;ite "ontrol - Persi,ilis

Product 30 : PP56

Price: $6<.50 Spider ;ite Predator- %,-lyseius californicus

Product 30 : NAB7 Price: $59.85 Ph!toseiulus persimilis +his bright orange predator is nati.e to the tropics of 2outh America. 3t does best in a humid en.ironment of :6 to @6B relati.e humidit!. 0oes best where tempertures remain below @6 degrees -. Persimilis is sensiti.e to high tempertures and low relati.e humidit!. A humidit! of :6B or lower has a negati.e effet on the hatching of the eggs and the de.elopment of Persimilis. 3f spider mite problems occur in a hot and dr! en.ironment" ongipes or ,alifornicus will pro.ide better control than Persimilis. Persimilis can reduce spider mite population to .er! low numbers in two to three wee)s. 2ince Persimilis are faster and stronger than their pre! the! easil! catch and eat them. *hen released the! smell their pre!" then mo.e /uic)l! throughout the plant. Persimilis wor) best from tempertures of 76 t6 @6 degrees -. +he! then die from lac) of food. 3n situations where the pest reinfest the plants" we suggest introducing persimilis e.er! < to 7 wee)s or introducing either %ccidentalis or ,alifornicus in combination with Persimilis. #alendromus occidentalis is a .er! .ersatile mite predator and tolerates high temperatures low and high humidit! &=6-?7B' well" both indoors and out. 0oes best in warm weather &?6K to 556K -'. +olerates low humidit! of inland .alle!s. 0oes not do well in cool coastal areas. #oes into diapause &hibernation' in colder temperatures. 1ecommended for greenhouses onl! if plants are maintained as low as =6B relati.e humidit!. 3t is nati.e to ,alifornia and has ben researched for spider mite control in almonds" grapes" and man! other ornamentals and plants. +his predator is well adapted for outdoor use and can perform in hot situations where humidit! remains abo.e =6B. 9se ). occidentalis to control spider mites" two spotted mites" 1usset mites" and others on gardens" greenhouses" and orchards of all t!pes. Adults eat 5-< pest adults or up to : pest eggs/da!. 1elease rates indoors" ;-</s/. ft. bi-wee)l!" 5-; applicationsC outdoors" 7"666-;6"666/acre" bi-wee)l!" 5; applications. Neoseiulus californicus predator! mites consume their pre! at a more leisurel! pace than do their friends *esoseiulus longipes and ,hytoseiulus persimilis" one adult or a few eggs per da!" the! can sur.i.e longer under star.ation conditions and can also li.e on a diet of pollen. 3n plants where it is .er! hard to detect the first spider mites" -alifornicus ma! be introduced pre.entati.el!" ,ompletes a generation in one to two wee)s depending on temperature &5; da!s at :=L -" = da!s at @6L -'. +he female la!s about < eggs per da! for two wee)s and li.es about ;6 da!s. At AAL - the female can consume 7.< spidermite eggs per da!. 0oes best in warm humid conditions" but will also tolerate low humidit! &=6B ?6B 1H at 76K - 567K-'. %ccurs along coast and inland .alle!s of ,alifornia. ,alifornicus is more resistant to chemical pesticide. A.oid using an! pesticide one wee) prior or one wee) after releasing predators. 2+%1A#4: Highl! perishable" should be used immediatel! upon deli.er!. 3f storage is absolutel! necessar!" refrigerate at =6K-76K -. &:K-56K ,'. Not to e>ceed ; da!s" to minimi8e mortalit!. +he! are not canabalistic and sur.i.e shipping .er!

well. 1elease 5 - = per plant or 5 - ; per s/uare foot in greenhouses at the first sign of spidermites. 9se ;7"666 per acre in field. ater releases will re/uire much higher numbers to be effecti.e. 1eleases of californicus can be made when 2pider mites are present and la!ing eggs. e.en if no spider mites ha.e been found !et. .. californicus can tolerate low humidit! and ideal temperatures :6-@6 degrees -. ,an tolerate temperatures up to 567 degrees -. *or)s great in gardens" greenhouses and indoor potted plants. $esoseiulus longipes is similar to ,. persimilis but can tolerate lower humidit! =6B at A6 degrees -. but re/uires higher humidit! as tempertures increase. *. longipes are effecti.e in temperatures up to 566 degrees -" although a comparable increase in humidit! is re/uired. Appl! these predators in warm greenhouses and interiorscapes with artificial lighting. +he lifespan of the adults" the form in which the! are shipped" is <= da!s. 1elease rates indoors" </s/. ft. bi-wee)l!" 5-; timesC outdoors" 7"666-;6"666/acre" bi-wee)l!" 5-; times. Neoseiulus fallacis .. fallacis predator is similar to .. -alifornicus but is more effecti.e in northern climates on $int" Hops and 2trawberries. 1eproduces at lower temperatures than other predator! mites &P.persimilis' M 1esistant to more pesticides than most biological controls M 2ur.i.e in the absence of mite pre! b! feeding on other small arthropods and pollen Tar.et Pests: Neoseiulus fallacis are )nown to control the 4uropean 1ed $ite &,anonychus ulmi' below economic thresholds in fruit orchards. Also targets +wo-2potted 2pider $ite &Tetranychus urticae'" 2pruce 2pider $ite &Oligonychus ununguis' and 2outhern 1ed $ite &Oligonychus ilicis'. Description: Neoseiulus fallacis is a nati.e predator! mite that feeds on spider mites" rust mites and small insects. 3t is one of the most important biological control agents in North American berr! and orchard crops. Adults ha.e pear-shaped bodies" 6.l7mm longC the! are tan to light orange in color" shin!" with long legs. 3mmature predators are cream colored and semi-transparent. +heir eggs are o.al and 6.<mm long.

Ap#'ti! ,elin$! -ed %cale Para!ite

%phytis ;elinus (ed Scale Parasite Home > Biological 2olutions > Aph!tis $elinus 1ed 2cale Parasite &Aph!tis melinus' ,alifornia red scale is the fa.orite pre! of these parasitic wasps" although citrus red scale" oleander scale" 2an Jose scale" i.! scale" and citrus !ellow scale are other pre!. Aph!tis are shipped as adults" and the adult females la! their eggs in red scale. +he lar.ae consume their host" and each A. melinus )ills more than <6 scale insects. +he adult parasites li.e appro>imatel! ;: da!s and will also dine on hone!dew. 3deal conditions for control are A:-?7 degrees -" relati.e humidit! =6-76 percent 5 3tem&s' Page 5 of 5 N 5

%phytis ,elinus red scale parasite

Product 30 : A$56-Aph!tis $elinus Price: $59.95 0escription: Aph!tis melinus is a small light !ellow parasitic wasp about 5mm in si8e. +he wasp parasiti8es .arious t!pes of armored scale. +he wasp la!s eggs under the wa>! scale co.ering" created b! the scale. +he parasite lar.ae de.elop under the scale co.ering. +he window for female control is during the second and third instars of de.elopment while she is a .irgin. +he maleGs window is during the second instar and pre-pupae de.elopment. 3t is during these de.elopmental stages that the scale is not affi>ed to host plant thus allowing the parasites to get under the scale. 3n some cases the scale is )illed b! adult hosts feeding on them. %nce the scale is parasiti8ed it loo)s dried out and when e>amined closel! ma! ha.e dar) spots. ife ,!cle: At ?6K - Aph!tis ta)e 5<-5? da!s to de.elop from egg to adult. Adults li.e for appro>imatel! 56-5: da!s &up to ;7' and deposit :-? eggs dail!. Product 3nformation: Aph!tis melinus are shipped in cups. 3ntroduction 1ates: #eneral: 3t is best to release Aph!tis melinus in 5-< wee) inter.als upon detection of scale until low scale numbers are obser.ed. 2cale mergence usuall! occurs in spring. %ptimal release conditions are between :6K-??K -. %rchards: +he optimum time for augmentati.e releases would be the se.en-wee) period from mid-$arch through the first wee) in $a!. 0uring this time the scale population is still at an ebb after coming through the winter and !et weather conditions are generall! warm enough to be conduci.e to releases of our insectar!-reared parasites. 3n addition" at this time of !ear the Aph!tis should be able to produce three generations during one generation of scale de.elopment. 5-; cups per acre is for moderate infestations. 1elease on shaded side of tree during temperatures below @6K -. 1elease parasites e.er! fifth to si>th tree e.er! fifth to si>th row starting at a different row each release. An open cup ma! be left in a tree or applicator ma! wal) through the rows releasing at will for rapid dispersal. +he use of a summer oil spra! to reduce high number of scale ;-< wee)s prior to parasite release is also helpful. 3nteriorscapes: %n established scale sites it can ta)e up to ;-< months for complete control. 1elease Aph!tis at 5-< wee) inter.als until scale le.els are low. %nce low le.els are achie.ed 5-< releases per !ear should maintain control. +he release rates depend on the host plants. A simple guideline is 7-56 wasps per infested plant. Parasites should be released b! wai.ing cup around infested plants ;-< times. 1elease at dus) or when windows are co.ered so that the Aph!tis will find infested plants /uic)er. 3f infestation le.els are high appl! insecticidal soap ;-< wee)s prior to release. *ash off Hone!dew from plants Dust before release. Ant control is of paramount importance in all applicationsO -or Best 1esults: 9se wasps within 5 da! of recei.ing !our order. 3f necessar! store in a cool dar) place &:6K-.' until use. 0o not refrigerate. Aph!tis .iabilit! decreases rapidl! with prolonged storage. 9sing Pesticides: 3nsecticidal soaps are harmful to all stages of Aph!tis" but ha.e no residual effect. %il spra!s Bacillus thuringiensis and 2abadilla are compatible. 3f harsh to>ic pesticides must be used" Aph!tis should be re introduced in = wee)s after application.

Pra'in( ,antid . /enodera aridifolia !inen!i!

http://www.buglogical.com/pra!ing-mantis/ Prayin. ;antid - Tenodera aridifolia sinensis Home > Biological 2olutions > Pra!ing $antis

5 Prayin. ;antis e.. cases $ 98.95. 5 Prayin. ;antis e.. cases $ <5.95. 90 Prayin. ;antis e.. cases $ 55.95. 95 Prayin. ;antis e.. cases $ 60.90. +his adored insect" pra!ing mantis is a general predator of most pest insects" mites" eggs" or an! insect in reach. 4ach egg case contains appro>imatel! ;66 bab! mantids. 9se < cases per 7"666 s/uare feet or 56-566 cases per !ear per acre. Attract to twigs" lea.es" fences" and other .egetation. Pra!ing mantis egg cases ma! also be placed in the crotch of a bush or tree. 0o not place on ground" as the! become eas! pre! for ants. 1eleases can begin after the last frost and continue through summer. +he Pra!ing mantis is a most interesting and enDo!able beneficial insect to ha.e around the garden and farm. 3t is the onl! )nown insect that can turn its head and loo) o.er its shoulder. $antis lie in wait for their food and when close enough" snap it up with a lightning mo.ement of their strong forelegs. $easurements of their refle>es show the! react more than ; times /uic)er than houseflies. $antis ha.e enormous appetites" eating .arious aphids" leafhoppers" mos/uitoes" caterpillars and other soft-bodied insects when !oung. ater the! will eat larger insects" beetles" grasshoppers" cric)ets" and other pest insects. +hese ferocious-loo)ing pra!ing mantises actuall! ma)e great pets. 2ome will e.en eat raw meat and insects from !our fingers. *ith plent! to eat the! usuall! will not stra! far. 3f handled properl! the! donGt bite. Prayin. ;antis - Tenodera aridifolia sinensis

Product 30 : P1$-65

Price: $98.95 The praying mantis is named for its prominent front legs" which are bent and held together at an angle that suggests the position of pra!er. +he larger group of these insects is more properl! called the pra!ing mantis. $antis refers to the genus mantis" to which onl! some pra!ing mantis belong. B! an! name" these fascinating insects are formidable predators. +he! ha.e triangular heads poised on a long Enec)"E or elongated thora>. $antis can turn their heads 5?6 degrees to scan their surroundings with two large compound e!es and three other simple e!es located between them. +!picall! green or brown and well camouflaged on the plants among which the! li.e" mantis lie in ambush or patientl! stal) their /uarr!. +he! use their front legs to snare their pre! with refle>es so /uic) that the! are difficult to see with the na)ed e!e. +heir legs are further e/uipped with spi)es for snaring pre! and pinning it in place. $oths" cric)ets" grasshoppers" flies" and other insects are usuall! the unfortunate recipients of unwanted mantis attention. Howe.er" the insects will also eat others of their own )ind. +he most famous e>ample of this is the notorious mating beha.ior of the adult female" who sometimes eats her mate Dust afterJor e.en duringJmating. Het this beha.ior seems not to deter males from reproduction. -emales regularl! la! hundreds of eggs in a small case" and n!mphs hatch loo)ing much li)e tin! .ersions of their parents. -%%0 AN0 14A13N#: Pro.iding food for a mantid can easil! be done b! trapping flies or other insects" and releasing them into the mantidGs containerC a wide-mouth Dar co.ered with a net or screen on top and a twig or branch inside the Dar. 3nsects used for food must be ali.e and not much bigger than the mantid. 3f the insect is too small" the mantid will consistentl! miss and be unable to grasp the pre!. $antids will eat insects dangled from twee8ers" and most mantids will not e>cept dead insects. $antids in capti.it! do need additional water. #entl! place a small wet sponge inside the container e.er! wee). +he mantids will gather the water off the sponge. $antids in capti.it! do need additional water. #entl! mist the container e.er! wee) depending on the humidit!. +he mantid will gather the water off the sides of the Dar and its bod!. +a)ing ,are ,leaning 1emo.e the dead insects from the bottom of the container. ong forceps are best to minimi8e disturbance to the mantid. 3f the container needs to be cleaned" gentl! remo.e the mantid and stic) and place in spare" clean container while the container is washed. Handling $antids are delicate. +he! can be carefull! handled b! allowing them to .oluntaril! wal) onto !our hand or finger. $antids will sometimes stri)e out and it can be .er! startling. $a)e sure not to drop the insect with alarm. 1aising Houng 2ome adult female mantids will la! egg cases in the container. ,ontinue to care for the female as described. 2he ma! la! additional egg cases. After a period of time &.aries with species and season' the immature mantids will emerge from the egg case. +he! will eat each other if additional pre! is not pro.ided. 2mall fruit flies are ideal for small mantids. Hou can also remo.e the mantids and set them up in other containers. %ther ,oncerns Precautions $antids eat often and finding food for lots of immature mantids ma! get to be e>hausting if !ou do not ha.e a culture of fruit flies a.ailable. 0o not release mantids outside unless !ou are sure the! are a species that li.es in !our area. 14 4A24 3N2+19,+3%N2: Best results will be achie.ed b! attaching the egg cases to a twig or a plant using a twistum or wire tie" wrap around the egg case and tie it to a branch in warm location" filtered sunlight. A hanging" swinging egg case is safer from birds and other predators. 3t will ta)e about 56 to 57 da!s of good continue warm weather for them to hatch.

*hen hatching the !oung will crawl from between the tin! flaps in the egg cases and hang from sil)en threads about ;E below the case. After dr!ing out the long legged !oung disappear into the .egetation around the area" lea.ing little if an! trace of their hatching. +his happens within an hour or two and it is difficult to )now hatching has occured unless the elusi.e" well camouflaged !oung are found. 9se this .aluable insect in Adult $ales and -emales -emales usuall! ha.e hea.ier abdomen and are larger than males. 3mmature &different stages' A distinct 2t!rofoam-li)e egg case protects $antis eggs throughout the winter. 9p to ;66 or more n!mphs ma! emerge from the egg case. +he n!mphs loo) li)e adults e>cept for si8e and the se>ual definition. ,oloration and patterns in the n!mph stage ma! be different than the adult. Natural Histor! -ood Pra!ing mantis are highl! predacious and feed on a .ariet! of insects" including moths" cric)ets" grasshoppers and flies. +he! lie in wait with the front legs in an upraised position. +he! intentl! watch and stal) their pre!. +he! will eat each other. Habitat Pra!ing mantis are often protecti.el! colored to the plants the! li.e on. +his camouflage facilitates their predaceous beha.ior. $antids are usuall! found on plants that ha.e other insects around. 2ome mantis li.e in grass. *inged adults ma! be attracted to blac) lights in late summer and earl! fall. 3nteresting Beha.iors +he adult female usuall! eats the male after or during mating. $antisPs grasping response is incredibl! rapid" so that !ou see it before it catches the insect and when the insect is in its front legs. +he motion is barel! a blur if it is percei.ed at all. +he compound e!es are capable of seeing images and colors. +he three simple e!es perhaps tell the differences between light and dar).. +he simple e!es are arranged in a triangle between the antennae. ,ompound e!es are made up of hundreds of facets constructed with two lenses. +hese focus the light down on a light sensiti.e structure &rhabdome' which is connected to the optic ner.e.

W#itefl' Control
http://www.buglogical.com/whitefl!-control/ Whitefly "ontrol Home > Biological 2olutions > *hitefl! ,ontrol

!))!"T'3! "#&T(#$ #) W 'T!)$= 4ncarsia was one of the first biological control agents de.eloped. +his minute &Q 5mm" 5/;7 inch long' parasitic wasp is probabl! tropical in origin. 3t does not sting humans. *ith the e>ception of the adult" all stages of 4ncarsia occur within the whitefl! host. Adults are tin! wasps that la! eggs inside ; wee) old whitfl! scales &second and third whitfl! lar.al stages'. 4ach egg will )ill one whitefl! scale. Adults la! up to ;66 eggs. +he parasite then de.elops inside the whietfl! scale" and midwa! through the de.elopment of 4ncarsia within the whitefl!" the scale turns dar). 3t becomes blac) for greenhouse whitefl!" and transparent brown for sweet potato whitefl!. +his occurs after 56 da!s at normal greenhouse temperatures. Another 56 da!s is re/uired before adults emerge. Adult 4ncarsia emerge from the parasiti8ed scale b! chewing a hole in the top of the scale.Adults also )ill whitefl! scales b! direct feeding. %therwise" the! feed on hone!dew secreted b! the whiteflies. Adults can li.e for <6 da!s but normall! are acti.e for about 56 da!s. +he complete life c!cle re/uires nearl! ;? da!s in commercial greenhouses. !ncarsia for,osa

Product 30 : 4-56 Price: $<5.95 ;!T #D #) %PP$'"%T'#& 4ncarsia are sold as blac) parasiti8ed scales that ha.e been fi>ed onto cards. 4ach card contains 576 de.elopeing parasites. A strip of 56 cards contains 5"766 4ncarsia whitefl! parasites. 3t is important to hang the cards from lower lea.es in the shade" and a.oid wetting them while watering. Appl! 5-7 4ncarsia per 56 s/uare feet or 5-7 per infested plant B3 wee)l! or until control is achi.ed. 0ouble rates are necessar! for the sweet potato whitefl!. -or greenhouse tomatoes or sweet peppers" 5 4ncarsia per = plants B3 wee)l!. -or greenhouse cucumbers use 5 4ncarsia per ; plants B3 wee)l!. %nce the percentage of dar)color" parasiti8ed whitefl! scales on lea.es e>ceeds ?6B" the numbers of 4ncarsia in the greenhouse should limit further spread of greenhouse whitefl!. 0escription and ife ,!cle of *hitefl!

*hiteflies" both adults and eggs" are found on the underside of lea.es. Adults are small gre! to white winged flies" measuring 5.;7 R;mm" and usuall! Dust li.e for a month. 4ach female adult will la! up to <00 e..s on the underside of lea.es" often in neat circles. +hese eggs are initiall! white but dar)en to an almost blac) color before hatching into a n!mph" which will crawl around the leaf surface before settling to feed. +he legs of the n!mph then degenerate and the n!mph becomes an immobile scale" feeding for ; wee)s before pupating. Adults emerge 56 da!s later and begin feeding immediatel!. +he de.elopment from egg to adult can be as rapid as < wee)s at warm temperatures" but will ta)e much longer at lower temperatures. How to Snow if Hou Ha.e *hitefl! R +he 2!mptoms +he presence of the .arious species of whitefl! is indicated b! large amounts of stic)! hone!dew and soot! molds on the upper surfaces of lea.es" and b! a !ellow mottling where the whitefl! ha.e fed. Whitefly can trans,it se1eral strains of plant 1iruses and infested plants suffer fro, a lac4 of 1i.or. %f the greenhouse crops" tomatoes and cucumbers are usuall! most se.erel! infested" although this pest will attac) man! other common glasshouse and houseplants. Also at ris) are cabbages" brussel sprouts and other brassicas" rhododendrons and a8aleas. Biological ,ontrol F +reatment of *hitefl! +he parasitic wasp" encarsia for,osa" has been used with great success to control whitefl! populations since 5@;:. 4ncarsia females la! eggs directl! into the immobile whitefl! scales which remain white and de.elop normall! until the encarsia pupates" turning the scale blac). Although it is technicall! a wasp" it is .er! small and will not sting !ou. +he adult encarsia will emerge around 56 da!s later. +he presence of encarsia formosa is indicated b! the blac) parasiti8ed whitefl! scales alongside the un-parasiti8ed white scales. ea.es containing blac) scales are introduced to the greenhouse en.ironment" and under ideal conditions the adults" when the! emerge" can la! between 5;-57 eggs per da!. 3t is important not to introduce an e>cessi.e number of encarsia formosa as the! depend on the whitefl! scales to continue their life c!cle.

/ric#o(ra""a
http://www.buglogical.com/trichogramma/

Tricho.ra,,a Home > Biological 2olutions > +richogramma

+richogramma 4gg *asps -Trichogramma sp. +richogramma $inutum" +.Platneri" +.Pretiosum" and +.brassicae on one card of <6 s/. 5 card I 566"666 eggs. T. minutum - -or ornamentals" orchards" grapes and trees where the protecti.e 8one is fi.e feet or more abo.e ground le.el. T. platneri - -or a.ocados" ornamentals" orchards and grapes. T. brassicae - -or use on .egetable" orchards" gardens and field crops T. pretiosum- Best in .egetable gardens where the protecti.e 8one is fi.e feet or less abo.e ground le.el. +richogramma wasps are tin! parasites that attac) the eggs of o.er ;66 species of moths and caterpillars. +he! are e>tremel! small - = or 7 will fit on the head of a pin. +richogramma la!s its eggs inside the eggs of moths pre.enting the moth egg from hatching into a caterpillar. +his pre.ents the damage caused b! the feeding caterpillars" and also brea)s the life c!cle of the pest" effecti.el! pre.enting the pest from reproducing. 3n some species of moth up to 7 parasite eggs ma! be laid in each moth egg. As the parasite de.elops within the egg" it turns blac)" and after about 56 da!s" an adult +richogramma emerges. Adult +richogramma can li.e up to 5= da!s after emergence. 2ome of the common pests +richogramma combat are: ,abbageworm" +omato Hornworm" ,orn 4arworm" ,odling $oth" ,utworm" Arm!worm" *ebworm" ,abbage ooper" ,orn Borer" -ruitworms" and ,ane Borers. 2ome of the popular hosts of +. brassicae mini-wasps are the eggs of: the #!ps! moth" codling moth" diamondbac) moth" %riental fruit moth" tomato pinworms" cabbage loopers" imported cabbage worms" tent caterpillars" e.en the grossl! damaging tobacco/tomato hornworms. Tricho.ra,,a -rassicae /asps

Product 30 : +.B56 Price: $<8.95

Tricho.ra,,a ,inutu, /asps

Product 30 : +$56 Price: $<9.85 Tricho.ra,,a platneri /asps

Product 30 : +.P A+56 Price: $<9.85 Tricho.ra,,a pretiosu, /asps

Product 30 : +P<6 Price: $<9.85 Tricho.ra,,a pretiosu, /asps

Product 30 : +P56 Price: $<9.85 Nature is brutal" but .er! effecti.e. +richogramma wasps are probabl! the most widel! released beneficial insect in the southwestern 9nited 2tates. 3t is used b! smart growers of fruit" .egetables and ornamentals to control caterpillar and worm pests on their crops. +he real beaut! of this method of pest control is that the targeted pests can not de.elop a resistance to trichogramma li)e it could when a chemical pesticide is used. +richogramma eats the pests thereGs no defense against that. ,hemicals are as to>ic to !ou as the! are to the pests" and often ineffecti.e against the targeted pest due to resistance.

3nstead of coating the garden with to>ic substances" it seems logical to this goddess to ha.e trichogramma wor)ing round the cloc). +he bad gu!s donGt stand a chance. *hen releasing trichogramma into !our garden" it is good to wait until the first signs of a caterpillar or worm doing their business. +his will ensure that !ou ha.e a food source for the wasps when the! are released. 1eleasing trichogramma is .er! simple. *hen !ou purchase the insects" the! come to !ou as parasiti8ed moth eggs. Hou Dust hang the little strips on a branch in the .icinit! of !our caterpillar problem and forget about it. +richogramma is on the DobO +he wasp lar.ae )ill pests before the! damage plants b! consuming their eggs. +he! are shipped while still parasiti8ed in the host egg. Hou recei.e what loo)s li)e a small piece of sandpaper that has been inoculated with appro>imatel! 7"666 eggs. +richogramma wasps protect plants throughout the growing season. 3n general" regular releases of +richogramma ensures generations of mated females read! to attac) moth eggs" and impro.es le.els of control. 1eleases should be started when moths are first detected. Although the +richogramma is minute" it can seasrch for moth eggs o.er considerable distances. 5;"666 +richogramma will treat up to 766 s/. ft. -or orchards" field crops" etc. use =6"666 ;66"666 per acre on a wee)l! basis for ;-: wee)s during pea) seasons. 1elease at pea) egg la!ing" when adult moths are seen fl!ing. (isual inspection are necessar! for ma>imum effecti.eness. ,hoose the species that suits !our needs. A.ailabilit! !ear-round. Description: +o describe +richogramma wasps with one word: tin!. +hese wasps are one of the smallest insects on the planet. %ne closel! related genus" $egaphragma" is onl! 6.5? mm in length as a full!-grown adult. +o put this in perspecti.e" that is the si8e of some bacteriaO 4.en though the! are small" the! still loo) li)e wasps" miniature !ellow Dac)ets. +richogramma wasps ha.e constricted abdomens" short antennae and raspberr! colored e!es with few facets. As with all wasps" +richogramma wasps ha.e two pairs of wings and an o.ipositor &stinger' on the females. +he wings are unusual because the! are short stal)s with long fringes of hair" instead of the t!pical membranous wing. 2ince these critters are so small" not much is )nown to describe the eggs" lar.ae or pupae. $ife istory: Hou might be as)ing now" T*ell" wh! are these things so small and wh! the hec) are the! m! friends if 3 canPt e.en see themUV +richogramma wasps are small because the! are parasitoids of other insect eggs. Hes" there is actuall! a wasp out there that full! de.elops to adulthood inside a thrips egg. Basicall!" here is a snapshot of the life of a +richogramma wasp. Adult wasps search for a host egg b! smell. $ost cues to find the host are found b! odors emitted b! the actual host egg. -or e>ample" for +richogramma that parasiti8es moth eggs" the adult wasps use odors from moth scales accidentall! )noc)ed off while the moth was la!ing the eggs. %nce the female has found a host egg" she probes it with her o.ipositor to determine a few things. 2he decides that it is an acceptable host onl! if the host egg is fresh" health!" and not parasiti8ed b! another wasp. 3f the egg is suitable" she deposits her own egg inside that of the de.eloping host egg. +he wasp lar.a hatches and begins to consume the egg !ol) and insect embr!o. After the egg is consumed and the wasp completes its lar.al de.elopment" the lar.a pupates. $an! times when the lar.ae of +richogramma wasps pupate" the! cause the insect egg that the! are li.ing in to change in color. 3n the case of +richogramma that parasiti8e moth eggs" the moth egg usuall! changes to a dar) metallic blue. %nce the pupal stage is completed" the new adult chews a hole through the egg and emerges. *hen the adult is out" the! immediatel! smell and inspect the egg that the! came from. +his is how the! find out what )ind of cues or odors the! should be loo)ing for to find the ne>t host egg. Beneficial )eatures: +richogrammatids ha.e been used in agriculture for man! !ears to control insect pests. %nce the! find an area where there are host eggs" the! are .er! good at parasiti8ing most of them. A tree right here in Bellingham" was infected se.erel! with the cherr! bar) tortri>. 3 obser.ed that once +richogramma wasps learned that there were a lot of good eggs to eat on that tree" the! parasiti8ed @?B of the eggs b! the end of the seasonO +he! are e>tremel! prolific under laborator! conditions and fairl! eas! to produce in large /uantities. 3n fact" the *29 and 9nited 2tates 0epartment of Agriculture ha.e produced

and released ;66"666 +richogramma wasps in North *estern *ashington to manage the cherr! bar) tortri>. (ecruit,ent: 3f !ou ha.e these gu!s wor)ing in !our !ard and gardens" !ou are blessed with one the most uni/ue &and common' beneficial insects out there. +o )eep them in !our !ard" reduce pesticide usage if !ou can. Also since these wasps are so small" pro.ide .er! small flowers as a nectar source. Although" 3 am not sure that the adult wasps e.en eat nectar" it cannot hurt to ha.e these small flowers in !our garden during this transition to fall. $an! other beneficial insects will appreciate it too. $ostl! populations build in the late season &li)e now' but it is important to ha.e a population read! to go in earl! spring for them to impact the pest populations. #et !our hand lens out and scout around.

,o!0$ito D$n1!
;os>uito Dun4s http:??///.-u.lo.ical.co,?,os>uito-dun4s? Home > Biological 2olutions > $os/uito 0un)s

S3 2 $%2W93+%42 B4-%14 +H4H B4,%$4 % 0 4N%9#H +% B3+4: Sills mos/uitoes for <6 da!s or longer when placed in standing water outdoors. ,an be used in bird baths" rain barrels" old automobile tires" ponds" ditches" unused swimming pools" tree holes" flower pots" roof gutters or where.er water accumulates. +he mos/uito eggs are .er! hard! and manage to li.e under almost all conditions. *hen the water temperature is right" the eggs hatch and become mos/uito lar.ae which swim around eating and growing. 3n about a wee) the! become full-grown mos/uitoes and fl! out of the water loo)ing for someone to bite. $os/uito 0un) float on water and will )eep on wor)ing for <6 da!s or longer and are completel! biodegradable. *hile floating" the! slowl! release a natural mos/uito-)illing biocontrol agent at the waters surface. +his agent graduall! settles in the water where it is eaten b! mos/uito lar.ae growing there. H%* $%2W93+% 09NS2 *%1S.... $os/uito 0un)s can be used in all t!pes of standing water sites where mos/uito lar.ae grow before becoming adults. Alternate wetting and dr!ing will not reduce their effecti.eness. +o pre.ent dun)s from being washed awa!" anchor them using a string tied through the center hole" or the! can be sta)ed in place. $os/uito dun)s" a natural organic ingredient which )ills mos/uito lar.ae feeding on it contain no poisonous chemicals and are harmless to other

li.ing things. 4ach mos/uito dun) treats 566 s/.ft of water surface regardless of depth. $os/uito lar.ae will feed on them and will be )illed continuousl!. Hou will then be rid of biting adult mos/uitoes for the entire season. $os/uito dun)s" which dr! out will start wor)ing again when the! become wet. 9nused dun)s will remain acti.e indefinitel!. ;os>uito Dun4s

Product 30 : $,56-;555 Price: $<:.85

*o!e"a Loc$!tae 2&ra!!#opper )ait3

http://www.buglogical.com/nosema-locustae-grasshopper-bait/ &ose,a $ocustae @+rasshopper BaitA Home > Biological 2olutions > Nosema ocustae &#rasshopper Bait'

AN 4X+1A%103NA1H *AH +% ,%N+1% #1A22H%PP412. +his single-celled proto8oan infects and )ills o.er @6 species of grasshoppers" locusts" and some species of cric)ets. Nosema 3ocustae is non-to>ic to humans" li.estoc)" wild animals" birds" fish" and pets. 2hould be applied earl! in the season as o.er-wintering hoppers emerge. Appl! 5-; pounds per acre" broadcasting around entire infected area as well as outl!ing areas such as dr!ing grasses and fields. A second application ma! be necessar! to treat hea.il! infected areas =: wee)s later. Nosema is applied to large fla)e wheat bran which ser.es as a bait. #rasshoppers are attracted to the bran because of its high protein content. After indigesting the bait grasshoppers are infected with the Nosema. +he Nosema grows and reproduces in the fat bodies inside the grasshoppers" then begins destro!ing cells causing grasshoppers to become lethargic" greatl! reducing food consumption" and e.entuall! death. 3n A-56 da!s"

grasshoppers will begin to mo.e slowl! and their food consumption will begin to drop and man! ma! ha.e died or should begin to die. After this time at least 76-:6B of the remaining grasshoppers should be infected to the point that the! will not li.e to reproduce" and ;7-76B of the sur.i.ors will be infected. +he disease is contagious and newl! hatched grasshoppers become infected b! cannibali8ing diseased grasshoppers in the area. A c!cle is then started and the disease continues throughout the fields and continue through new hatches. 3dentified and de.eloped b! the 9nited 2tates 0epartment of Agriculture during ;6 !ears of research. Nosema was appro.ed on large scale go.ernment grasshoppers control programs" and has been successfull! used on thousands of acres b! pri.ate propert! owners as well as count!" state" and go.ernment agencies throughout the 9nited 2tates. 3t has also been appro.ed for usage o.erseas b! 9.2.A.3.0. Biolo.ical +rasshopper Bait

Product 30 : N 56 Price: $59.95

A"bl'!ei$! C$c$"eri!
http://www.buglogical.com/ambl!seius-cucumeris/ %,-lyseius "ucu,eris Home > Biological 2olutions > Ambl!seius ,ucumeris

,ucumeris is the preferred predator for thrips control. +he! are tan colored mites found on the underside of lea.es along the .iens or inside mature flowers.+hese mites are most effecti.e at pre.enting thrips build-up when applied earl! in the growing season at the first sign of thrips. NA+91A ,%N+1% %- +H13P2....

+he life c!cle of ,ucumeris begins with small white eggs that can be seen attached to leaf hairs along .eins on the lower leaf surface. At :? degrees - eggs hatch in about < da!s into nonfeeding lar.ae that molt to n!mphs after about ; da!s. +he ; n!mphal stages which last A da!s" as well as the adult stage which lasts up to <6 da!s feed on immature stages of thrips. +he adult female can la! up to <7 eggs in her lifetime. Adults can eat an a.erage of 5 thrips per da! and also feed on two-spotted mites and their eggs. 4stablishment of ,ucumeris re/uires <-= wee)s" so the! should be applied before thrip problems de.elop. Because cucumeris feed on immature thrip stages a decrease in adult thrip populations will not occur for about < wee)s. %,-lyseius "ucu,eris

Product 30 : A,+56 Price: $69.85 9nit of pac)aging Neoseiulus cucumeris &predator! mite' Pac) si8e: 5"666 ml bottle" :"666 ml buc)et Bottle contains: ;7"666" 76"666" or 566"666 predator! mites &all stages' Y some grain mites &all stages' mi>ed with bran Buc)et contains: 566"666 predator! mites &all stages' Y a lot of grain mites &all stages' mi>ed with bran Precautions 3nhalation of product ma! cause sensiti8ation in case of mechanical application. 0ust mas) is recommended as protection for operator and people wor)ing near place of application. +arget (arious thrips species. Hatching eggs and the first lar.al stage. Predator! mites also eat spider mites &f.e. strawberr! mite" broad mite'" se.eral other mites" hone!dew and pollen. +arget Pests: *estern flower thrips &-ran)liniella occidentalis'. %nion thrips &+hrips tabaci' also ,!clamen" Broad and 1ust mites. Product information: About :6B are female. *ell-fed females will la! up to < eggs per da! for <7 da!s. +heir eggs are round" transparent and 6.5=mm &6.65 inch' in diameter and usuall! deposited on hairs on the underside of lea.es. ,ucumeris adults and immatures are shipped with a bran carrier. +he! are a.ailable in two t!pes of pac)aging: 1elease 1ates: 1elati.el! high introduction rates are re/uired because thrips can reproduce nearl! twice as fast as ,ucumeris and ,ucumeris onl! feed on immature thrips" not adults. 1ates will .ar! depending on crop and le.el of pest infestation. +!pical rate is 7 predators per s/uare foot. 9sing bul) container 56-566 ,ucumeris per plant wee)l! as needed. As a starter culture for !oung plants" place ;7 ,ucumeris per plant at the base of the stem ifespan of ,ucumeris: A complete life c!cle ta)es 56-5; da!s at :?K -. Newl! hatched lar.ae do not feed until the! molt at ; da!s old. +he! feed for another A da!s before becoming adults. Adults li.e for up to <6 da!s. 0escription i)e most of the Neoseiulus spp." N. cucumeris are tough" fle>ible predators. +hese happen to prefer thrips" mostl! the immature stages. N. cucumeris are shipped as adults" immatures and eggs &the latter are not part of the guaranteed count' in a loose bran-fla)e carrier. *ith this medium" these predators are supplied three different wa!s: a bul) product for fast distribution and consumptionC a pre-punched pac)et product for slow pre.enti.e releases o.er an ? wee) periodC and a pac)et which is not pre-punched that must be torn open and immediatel! distributed. +he latter is designed for e>tremel! small scale use. N. cucumeris" in either form" can pre.ent thrips from becoming intolerable. +he bul) unit and small /uic) release pac)et can pro.ide control. 2ome of the species the! can de.our include: the western flower

thrips &-ran)liniella occidentalis'C the flower thrips or eastern flower thrips &-. tritici'C the onion thrips &+hrips tabaci'C the greenhouse thrips &Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis'C and possibl! the melon thrips &+hrips palmi'" too. %ther pests which can be impacted b! these predators include c!clamen mites &Pht!odromus I2teneotarsonemus pallidus'" broad mites &Pol!phagotarsenomus IHemitarsonemus latus' and" to a slight degree" tomato russet mite &Aculops l!copersici'. And" as Neoseiulus spp." these predators ma! eat other pests as well. ,ucumeris is a species of predator! mite that feeds on immature stages of thrips. 3t also feeds on pollen" two spotted mites and other species of mites. ,ucumeris adults are pear-shaped" tan colored mites" less than 6.7mm &5/76 inch' long.

Ap#idi$!
http://www.buglogical.com/aphidius/ %phidius Home > Biological 2olutions > Aphidius

Aphidius colemani is an ama8ing parasitic wasp that stings itGs aphid .ictim and la!s its egg directel! inside the aphid. 3n a couple of da!s" the aphid die and begin to swell up" and as it swells a new parasitic wasp is de.eloped and will soon emerge. %nce the new parasitic wasp emerges and is able to fl!" it will sting more aphids" la! more eggs" and continue the c!cle again. Aphidius is a good searcher" and can locate new aphid colonies when aphid populations are low. Aphidius colemani is .er! suited for pre.enti.e control. primaril! the green peach aphid" cotton aphid" tobacco aphid and closel! related species. +his species occurs naturall! outdoors and fre/uentl! parasiti8es aphids in green houses. Aphidius is a good searcher" and can locate new aphid colonies when aphid populations are low. +he Aphidius colemani is used for cucumbers" melon" s/uash" sweet peppers" tomatoes" potted flowers" bedding plants and trees and shrubs. Aphidius is a small parasitic wasp" nati.e to North America. About 566 eggs are laid in aphids which the lar.ae subse/entl! de.elop. At AA degrees -" 56 da!s are re/uired from

egg to adult for Aphidius. At A6 degrees -" two wee)s are re/uired from de.elopment on the parisite. 9p to ;66-<66 aphids are attac)ed be each female. -ertili8ed eggs de.elop into females" nonfertili8ed eggs de.elop into males. +here are usuall! twice as man! females as males. Aphidius is shipped as parasiti8ed aphid mummies from which adults will emerge" or as newl! emerged adults. Appl! 766 to <"666 Aphidius per acre. %phidius cole,ani

Product 30 : A$56 Price: $98.<5

4ri$!
http://www.buglogical.com/orius/

#rius Home > Biological 2olutions > %rius

Although pirate bugs &%rius' appear to ha.e preferences for particular pre!" the! are general predators and will consume a .ariet! of pests including mites" thrips" aphids" and small caterpillars. +he pirate bug %rius seems the most .oracious beneficial against thrips. 3t is the onl! predator that also attac)s adult thrips" %ften an %rius with thrips stuc) on its rostrum can be seen wal)ing on a leaf.

+he total gereration time for %rius in greenhouses &A6 deg -' is appro>imatel! < wee)s. 4ggs are laid in plant tissue &main stem" leaf .eins" flowers or petioles' with the top of the egg stic)ing out of the leaf. +he eggs hatch in =-7 da!s and grow through 7 stages. All stages mo.e /uic)l! and adults are good fl!ers. +he! will mo.e efficientl! throughout the greenhouse to locate pests. %rius )ills its pre! b! piercing them with its mouthparts" and suc)ing out the bod! fluids. 3f pre! is abundant" %rius )ills more thrips than it needs to sur.i.e. +he generation time is affected b! temperature and food sources. ,ooler temperatures slow de.elopment" and the presence of pollen appears to ha.e a fa.orabe effect on its de.elopment. 1elease 566 to ;"666 %rius per acre. -or greenhouse cucumbers" release 5 %rius per ; plants for the whole greenhouse or 5 to = %rius per plant in hot spots" where thrips populations are established. 3t is recommended to release a minimum of ;66 to 766 at one time e.en for smaller areas. ;inute Pirate Bu.s @#rius insidiosusA

Product 30 : $P55 Price: $968.85 %rius is common on man! agricultural crops including" alfalfa" corn" pea" strawberr!" on pasture land" in orchards" and is successfull! used as a biological control agent in greenhouses. 3t is often found in corn sil)s and is most common where there are spring and summer flowering shrubs and weeds since it feeds on pollen and plant Duices when pre! are not a.ailable. 3n greenhouses" %rius spp. are generalist predators" especiall! on cucumber and bell pepper crops. Both immature stages &n!mphs' and adults feed on a .ariet! of small pre! including thrips" spider mites" insect eggs" aphids" and small caterpillars. %rius holds its pre! with its front legs and inserts its bea) into the host bod!" generall! se.eral times" until the soft bod! is empt! and onl! the e>os)eleton remains. 3t has been reported to be an important predator of the eggs and new lar.ae of the bollworm and of spotted tobacco aphid" but it is belie.ed that thrips and mites are the more basic part of an %rius diet. 3t can also be an important predator of corn earworm eggs which are laid on the sil)s. %ther reported pre! includes eggs and small 4uropean corn borers" corn leaf aphids" potato aphids" and potato leafhopper n!mphs. -emales la! tin! eggs ;-< da!s after mating in plant tissues where the! are not easil! seen. +hese hatch into n!mphs which de.elop through fi.e n!mphal stages. 4gg incubation is generall! <-7 da!s" and de.elopment from egg to adult ta)es a minimum of ;6 da!s under optimum conditions. -emales la! an a.erage of 5;@ eggs during their life spans" and adults li.e about <7 da!s. 2e.eral generations ma! occur during a growing season.

,eal'b$( De!tro'er 2Cr'ptolae"$!3

http://www.buglogical.com/meal!bug-destro!er-cr!ptolaemus/

;ealy-u. Destroyer @"ryptolae,usA Home > Biological 2olutions > $eal!bug 0estro!er &,r!ptolaemus'

+he most comonl! used natural enem! of meal!bugs are ,r!pts which are in the lad!bug group of beetles. +he! are predators of meal!bugs. ,r!pt eggs are laid among meal!bug colonies and hatch in 7-: da!s at ?5 degrees -. +he four lar.al stages ha.e woll! appendages of wa> and resemble meal!bugs. +rue legs are barel! .isible under the lar.ae. +he lar.al stages feed on meal!bugs and li.e for a total of 5; - 5A da!s. +he last lar.al stage can be longer than 5.< cm &5/; inch'. ,r!pts pupate in sheltered places on stems or on greenhouse structures. Adults emerge after A-56 da!s and also feed on meal!bugs. Adult ,r!pts are dar) brown with orange heads and tails" and are about =mm &5/: inch' long. Adults mate" and within 7 da!s females will begin to la! eggs &a total of =66-766 eggs in thir 76-da! lifetime.' +he life c!cle re/uires about <5 da!s at ?5 degrees - and =7 da!s and A6 degrees -. Adults and !oung lar.ae prefer to feed on meal!bug eggs" but the older lar.ae will feed on an! meal!bug stage. +he adults can fl! and co.er large areas to search for food. 3f food is scarce" cr!pts will fl! off in search of other related insects such as aphids and soft scales. A single lar.a can consume ;76 small meal!bugs. Appl! 7 ,r!pts per infested plant or ;-7 ,r!pts per s/uare !ard. 3n orchards release 5"666 ;"666 per acre for mature fruit trees. ,r!pts are most effecti.e when meal!bug populations are high. 1epeated relaeases are ad.isable.

,eal'b$( De!tro'er . Cr'ptolae"$!

http:??///.-u.lo.ical.co,?aphidoletes? ;ealy-u. Destroyer - "ryptolae,us

Product 30 : ,$? Price: $5<.95

Aphidoletes is a small midge &fl!' that feed on o.er :6 species of aphids. +he adults are free li.ing" and the lar.al stages feed on aphids. 3t feeds b! biting aphids in the leggs and parali8ing them with a to>in before suc)ing out the aphid bod! fluids. 3f aphid populations are high" Aphidoletes will )ill more aphids than the! actuall! consume. +he! can be used in a .ariet! of culti.ated crops" and is perhaps under utili8ed for biocontrol of a .ariet! of cropping s!stems. Aphidoletes adults are not strong fl!ers" so the! fl! during the night when the air is calm. +he adults are ;-< mm &5/5: inch' long" and ha.e distincti.e long legs. -emales deposit 576-;66 eggs on lea.es adDacent to aphid colonies. +he eggs are o.al and shin! orange-red. +he de.eloping lar.ae will be orange colored" but ma! be brownish or gra!ish depending upon stomach contents. ar.al stages are maggots which crawl on the leaf surface in search of aphid pre!. ar.ae ma! consume <-76 aphids per da!. *hen full! grown" the lar.ae are <.6 mm &5/56 inch' long" but can be easil! seen amoung the aphid pre! because of their color. +otal generation time from egg to adult ta)es nearl! <-7 wee)s. %nl! the lar.al stage is predaceous. 3t feeds b! biting aphids in the legs and parali8ing them with a to>in before suc)ing out the aphid bod! fluids. 3f aphid populations are high" Aphidoletes will )ill more aphids that the! actuall! consume. Adult Aphidoletes feed on aphid hone!dew. Ants protect aphids and should be controlled. -or home gardens appl! ;"666 Aphidoletes 5 time" < wee)s apart. -or greenhouses appl! ; Aphidoletes per 5-: plants. -or orchards use 7-56 Aphidoletes per tree. %phidoletes aphidi,yBa

Product 30 : AA;666 Price: $996.50

5'poa!pi! ,ile!

ypoaspis ;iles http:??///.-u.lo.ical.co,?hypoaspis-,iles? Home > Biological 2olutions > H!poaspis $iles

ypoaspis ,iles feed upon small" soil inhabiting insects" mites" and all stages of springtails. 3s primar! a predator of fungus gnat lar.ae in the soil" but it also consumes thrips pupae on the floor and soil surface of the greenhouse. 3t is a sca.enger and can feed on soil debris in the asence of thrips pupae and fungus gnat lar.ae. +he! are a nati.e soil mite and can adapt to a .ariet! of different growth media and capillar! mats. +he! are less than 5 mm &5/;6 inch' in si8e" light brown in color" and can be seen mo.ing /uic)l! on the soil surface and base of plants. H!poaspis are used primaril! for control of fungus gnats" but the! also help with western flower thrips control. Populations of H!poaspis include both se>es" but the males are much smaller and rarel! seen. 9nder a hand lens most stages of this mite loo) similar. H!poaspis inhabit the top few centimeters &inch' of soil onl!. 4ggs hatch in about ;-< da!s" and the life c!cle is completed in about 55 da!s. +hese predator! mites feeds upon the !oung lar.ae of fungus gnats in the soil" and are most effecti.e when applied to soil before fungus gnat populations are establised. H!poaspis consume 5-7 pre! per da! and can sur.i.e as a sca.enger b! feeding on algae and plant degris. H!poaspis tolerate a .ariet! of conditions e>cept flooding. +he! can sur.i.e mild winters but are inacti.e below 7A degrees -. H!poaspis are for pre.entati.e control onl!" before fungus gnat populations are high. +he! are supplied in a peat mi>ture in one liter containters and should be aplied as soon as the! are recie.ed" but can be held at room temperature for limited periods if absolutel! necessar!. 3ntroduce 5-; litres per acre for greenhouse .egetables and 5 liter per 5666 s/uare feet for bedding plants. )un.us +nat and Thrips "ontrol ypoaspis ,iles

Product 30 : HP56 Price: $09.95

6l' Control +it# Para!ite Predator! . *a!onia 7itripenne!, ,$!cidif$ra8 9araptor

http://www.buglogical.com/fl!-control/ )ly "ontrol /ith Parasite Predators - &asonia 1itripennes2 ;uscidifura7 Baraptor Home > -l! ,ontrol Bu.lo.ical has desi.ned a )ly Su..ested Prescription "ontrol Pro.ra, usin. re.ular No. releases of fly parasites and No. Horses -re/uenc! Parasites -eneficial ne,atodes. -irst" use regular releases of fl! 4.er! < 5-7 76"666 predator parasites based upon the *ee)s prescriptions to the right. 4.er! ; 2econd" use beneficial nematodes once 7-56 76"666 *ee)s or twice a !ear to treat manure piles or

56-57 an! areas where fl! lar.ae populations ma! be abundant. 57-;6 ;6-;7

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4.er! < *ee)s 4.er! ; *ee)s *ee)l!

)$= P(!D%T#(S )#( )$= P#P*$%T'#& "#&T(#$ )$= P(!D%T#(S )#( "#&T(#$$'&+ )$= P#P*$%T'#&S -l! Parasites Predators are gnat-si8ed" nocturnal" burrowing insects which do not bite" or sting humans and animals. Adaptable to all climates" these parasites reproduce in one to two wee)s" thus constantl! replenishing the beneficial insect population. +he fl! Parasites predators are the naturall! occurring enem! of all manure breeding pest flies. 3n nature these tin! insect predators ser.e as a maDor chec) of fl! populations b! destro!ing flies in the immature maggot and pupa stages. -l! Parasite Predators are specific to flies" ne.er attac)ing an!thing else. 3tGs important to reali8e that these tin! wasps ha.e absolutel! no effect on horses or humans. +he! sta! close to the manure and dirt where filth! pest" and e.en if the! could reach !ou or !our horse" the fl! parasite predators are so small that the! cannot sting. +heir main purpose in life is to act as a natural predator against filth! flies and the! do a great Dob. -l! Parasites Predators are a preferred alternati.e to chemical insecticides that are ha8ardous to human and animal life. &# %D3!(S! S'D! !))!"TS. A maDor benefit of biological control is that it a.oids completel! the ad.erse side effects of chemical spra!s" such as poison residue in the en.ironment affecting not onl! the pests but also non-target animals &songbirds" beneficial insects" etc.' and most importantl! !our domestic stoc). +his is a serious problem as some of the common spra! residues are effecti.e for up to < or = !ears" and remember that poisonous to>ic chemicals become less effecti.e with repeated use.