Flight Data Monitoring Systems and Non-Required Safety Enhancing Equipment

Federal Aviation Administration

Presented to: 2009 HEMS Conference By: Brian Verna, Avionic Systems Branch (AIR-130), Washington, D.C. Date: June 24, 2009

Acronyms and Definitions

Advisory Circular (AC) Aircraft Logging and Event Recording for Training and Safety (ALERTS) Cockpit Image Recorder (CIR) Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR) Digital Flight Data Recorder (DFDR) Flight Data Monitoring (FDM) National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) Non-Required Safety Enhancing Equipment (NORSEE) United Kingdom Civil Aviation Authority (UKCAA)
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Presentation Overview
FAA and Industry Activity Review Summary of NTSB Recommendations Aircraft Recorder Requirements Data Collection Technologies NORSEE Policy and Guidance

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FAA and Industry Activity Review

FAA / NTSB proof of concept test findings, February 17, 2006 UKCAA Research project CAP 762 findings, November 10, 2006 Eurocopter and Bell FDM installations being developed POC FAERITO TSOA-C176 February 27, 2009 and S-76 STC December 30, 2008 EUROCAE WG-77, ED-155, June 30, 2009
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Summary of NTSB Recommendations

NTSB Recommendation FAA Status NTSB Status OUA

Crash-resistant flight recorder system forward- Under fit in commercial aircraft without FDR (A-09-09) evaluation Gap Aircraft. Crash-resistant flight recorder system retro-fit in commercial aircraft without CVR (A-09-10) Gap Aircraft. Crash-resistant flight recorder system retro-fit in commercial aircraft without FDR (A-09-11) Gap Aircraft. Under evaluation

OUA

Under evaluation

OUA

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Aircraft Recorder Requirements

Part 91
Piston Engine Turbine Powered Aircraft (<10 seat) Multi-Engine Turbine Powered Aircraft (>10 seats) Large Transport Aircraft
FDR & CVR Required

Part 135

Part 121
No Recorders Required

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Data Collection Technologies Cost

(sheet 1 of 8)

< $10K
GA Low-cost FDM System Cockpit Image Recorder (CIR)
(Low end)

$10K to $20K
Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR) Cockpit Image Recorder (CIR)
(High End)

> $20K
Flight Data Recorder (FDR) Combined Recorder (FDR, CVR, CIR, DLC)

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Data Collection Technologies Flight Data Monitoring Systems (sheet 2 of 8)

A low-cost, non-intrusive alternative/supplement to FDR Records instruments, outside view of cockpit, control inputs, and lever adjustments. Ideal for all aircraft models by eliminating the need for expensive and intrusive sensor installations

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Data Collection Technologies Advantages of FDM Systems (sheet 3 of 8)

Small size Relatively inexpensive GPS time/location stamp Audio sensor for acoustic analysis Flight Operations Quality Assurance (FOQA) Provision of new tools for flight training Provision of new information for incident analysis Provision of new information for accident investigation

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Data Collection Technologies Camera and Appareo Vision 1000

(sheet 4 of 8)

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Data Collection Technologies Camera Installation (sheet 5 of 8)

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Data Collection Technologies Appareo Vision 1000 Installation (sheet 6 of 8)

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Data Collection Technologies Appareo GAU 2000 (sheet 7 of 8)

The GAU 2000 is a lightweight and lowcost data recorder designed to be mounted in legacy fixed and rotary wing aircraft. Records motion data through the use of various sensors, including accelerometers, gyros, magnetic and pressure sensors and a 16 channel WAAS-enabled GPS module. The data produced by these sensors is recorded onto both a removable SD memory card and a crash-hardened internal memory module.
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Data Collection Technologies TM Physical Optics FAERITO (sheet 8 of 8)

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Discussion Questions
What type of data would provide the most benefit to you?
Data easiest to obtain versus data requiring additional sensors, wiring, connectors, etc.

What benefits do you receive from an FDM installation?

Costs of associated equipment, engineering, and labor with installation in legacy models versus installation of newer production models.

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Non-Required Safety Enhancing Equipment Installations

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Outline
What is Non-Required Safety Enhancing Equipment? Two Categories of Safety Enhancing Equipment
No Hazard Possibly Hazardous Misleading

Policy and Guidance

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What is Non-Required Safety Enhancing Equipment (NORSEE)

Equipment that is not required by
Rotorcraft Airworthiness Rules: Parts 27 and 29 Operating Rules: Parts 91 and 135

Has some safety benefit

FDM Systems, Cockpit Image Recorders

Does not include modifications/enhancements to required equipment such as

Primary flight displays and navigation displays in the pilots primary field of view

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Two Categories
No Hazard Possibly Hazardous Misleading

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No Hazard
Equipment poses no hazard to the aircraft, crew or passengers
Loss of the equipment/function Equipment malfunction

Equipment does not pose a hazard to other aircraft or personnel on the ground No need for software and complex electronic hardware design assurance (e.g. Level B)

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Possibly Hazardous Misleading

Misleading information hazard categorized
Cockpit displays, annunciators, and aural alerts Fault tree for misleading failure condition Design assurance levels should be commensurate with the misleading hazard classification
Not for Loss of Function Will determine software and complex electronic hardware level

Equipment performance verified in operational environments Operational limitations and placards may be required

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Installation Assessment
System safety and environmental assessment
To identify and categorize any potential hazards To limit the scope of the certification and the environmental, ground and flight testing

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Policy and Guidance FAA (sheet 1 of 2)

CY2009 Rotorcraft Directorate to publish NORSEE AC material for AC27-1B and AC29-2C
System Safety Assessment DO-160 environmental testing Structural installation Electrical installation Electromagnetic Compatibility COTS configuration control

Recognizes RTCA DO-313 Certification Guidance For Installation Of Non-Essential, Non-Required Aircraft Cabin Systems & Equipment

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Policy and Guidance Industry (sheet 2 of 2)

EUROCAE WG-77 Objective: Define the minimum operational performance specification (ED-155) to be met for small aircraft that may be required to carry lightweight flight recorders that may record
Flight data, Cockpit audio, Cockpit images, and Datalink communication,

in a robust recording medium primarily for the purposes of the investigation of an accident or incident Completion of work: mid 2009

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Questions & Wrap-Up

Contact Information:
Maurice (Mac) Cookson, HQ Email: maurice.a.cookson@faa.gov Brian Verna, HQ Email: brian.verna@faa.gov John Strasburger, RD Email: john.strasburger@faa.gov

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BACK-UP SLIDES

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NTSB Recommendation A-09-09

Require the installation of a crash-resistant flight recorder system on all newly manufactured turbine-powered, nonexperimental, nonrestricted-category aircraft that are not equipped with a flight data recorder and are operating under 14 Code of Federal Regulations Parts 91, 121, or 135. The crashresistant flight recorder system should record cockpit audio (if a cockpit voice recorder is not installed), a view of the cockpit environment to include as much of the outside view as possible, and parametric data per aircraft and system installation, all to be specified in European Organization for Civil Aviation Equipment document ED-155, Minimum Operational Performance Specification for Lightweight Flight Recorder Systems, when the document is finalized and issued. (A-0909) (Supersedes Safety Recommendation A-03-62)
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NTSB Recommendation A-09-10

Require all existing turbine-powered, nonexperimental, nonrestricted-category aircraft that are not equipped with a cockpit voice recorder and are operating under 14 Code of Federal Regulations Parts 91, 121, or 135 to be retrofitted with a crash-resistant flight recorder system. The crash-resistant flight recorder system should record cockpit audio, a view of the cockpit environment to include as much of the outside view as possible, and parametric data per aircraft and system installation, all to be specified in European Organization for Civil Aviation Equipment document ED-155, Minimum Operational Performance Specification for Lightweight Flight Recorder Systems, when the document is finalized and issued. (A-0910) (Supersedes Safety Recommendation A-03-64)

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NTSB Recommendation A-09-11

Require all existing turbine-powered, nonexperimental, nonrestricted-category aircraft that are not equipped with a flight data recorder and are operating under 14 Code of Federal Regulations Parts 91, 121, or 135 to be retrofitted with a crashresistant flight recorder system. The crash-resistant flight recorder system should record cockpit audio (if a cockpit voice recorder is not installed), a view of the cockpit environment to include as much of the outside view as possible, and parametric data per aircraft and system installation, all to be specified in European Organization for Civil Aviation Equipment document ED-155, Minimum Operational Performance Specification for Lightweight Flight Recorder Systems, when the document is finalized and issued. (A-09-11) (Supersedes Safety Recommendation A-03-65)

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Aircraft NOT equipped with an FDR

(sheet 1 of 2)

Part 91
Non turbine powered aircraft Single engine turbine powered aircraft < 10 passenger seats Manufactured before 1991

Part 121
Convair 580, 600, 640, de Havilland DHC-7, Fairchild FH227, Fokker F-27 (except Mark 50), F28, Mark 1000 & 4000, Gulfstream G-159, Lockheed E10-A, E10-B, E10-E, Maryland Ind. F-27, Mitsubishi YS-11, Shorts SD330, SD360 Non transport category < 10 passenger seats

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Aircraft NOT equipped with an FDR

(sheet 2 of 2)

Part 125
Single engine turbine powered manufactured before 1997 Non transport category < 10 passenger seats Convair 580, 600, 640, de Havilland DHC-7, Fairchild FH227, Fokker F-27 (except Mark 50), F28, Mark 1000 & 4000, Gulfstream G-159, Lockheed E10-A, E10-B, E10-E, Maryland Ind. F-27, Mitsubishi YS11, Shorts SD330, SD360

Part 135
Non turbine powered aircraft Single engine turbine powered aircraft Bell 212, Bell 214ST, Bell 412, Bell 412SP, Boeing Chinook (BV234), Boeing/Kawasaki Vertol 107 (BV/KV107II), deHavilland DHC6, Eurocopter Puma 330J, Sikorsky 58, Sikorsky 61N, Sikorsky 76A. Manufactured before 1997. Non-US registered, added to US Ops Spec before 10/11/1991. Airplane or rotorcraft with less than 20 passenger seats manufactured before 2000.

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Aircraft NOT equipped with a CVR

Part 91 Non U.S. registered aircraft. Non turbine powered aircraft Single engine turbine powered aircraft Multi-engine, turbine powered aircraft < 6 passenger seats. Aircraft where a single pilot is allowed per operating rules Part 121 Turbine powered airplane < 10 passenger seats Large pressurized airplanes with < 4 reciprocating engines Part 125 Small turbine powered airplane Large pressurized airplanes with < 4 reciprocating engines Part 135 Non turbine powered aircraft Single engine turbine powered aircraft < 20 passenger seats Multi-engine, turbine powered aircraft with < 6 passenger seats Single pilot allowed per operating rules on aircraft with < 20 passenger seats

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