1 2 3 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 4.11 4.12 5 6 6.1 7 7.1 7.2
SCOPE TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS TO BE SPECIFIED BY THE PURCHASER DEFINITIONS REQUIREMENTS DESIGN AND DIMENSIONS HUBS AND END DISKS SHAFT ATTACHMENTS PULLEY SHELLS SHAFTS BEARINGS AND MOUNTINGS SHELL CROWNING WELDING STRESS RELIEVING AND NORMALISING LAGGING BALANCING CORROSION PROTECTION QUALITY ASSURANCE PROVISION TEST AND INSPECTION METHODS NON DESTRUCTIVE TESTING MARKING AND PACKING MARKING PACKING
2 2 2 3 3 5 5 6 6 8 9 9 10 10 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 13 14
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SCOPE
This specification details the requirements for the manufacture of belt conveyor pulleys and shafts. These pulleys are suitable for both general purpose textile reinforced belting and steel cord reinforced belting.
DEFINITIONS
For the purpose of this specification the following definitions shall apply: APPROVED BS DEFECTIVE : : : Approved by the Engineer in writing British Standard A pulley or shaft that fails to comply in one or more respects with the requirements of this specification The Company or store designated as the recipient of finished products or services An independent inspection agency appointed and approved by the Engineer South African National Standards An AA Quality Assurance Procedure
PURCHASER
: :
The following terms are defined in the Conditions of Contract: AA, Engineer, Company, Contractor.
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4 4.1
4.1.1
E D
W F
E D D
W F D
Wide Bearing Centres Note: Dimension A is to the inside of the chute liners. Figure 1 Legend: D E G Pulley face to centre-line of bearing housing Pulley face to belt edge Pulley face to inside chute plate
Narrow Bearing Centres To be used at all locations where chutes are not required.
Note: If the required shaft diameter exceeds the allowable shaft diameter then use wide bearing centres.
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4.1.2
W 450 500 600 750 900 1050 1200 1350 1500 1650 1800 2100 2400
B 1000 1050 1150 1350 1550 1700 1850 2050 2300 2450 2600 2900 3200
D 225 225 225 225 250 250 250 275 300 300 300 300 300
G 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 75 75 75 75 75
4.1.3
Table 2 - Standard Pulleys: Additional Information Shaft Diameter at locking element 50 65 75 90 Turbine 100 120 130 140 150 160 180 End Disk Thickness At Hub 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 35
APPROVED
At Shell 14 14 14 18 18 18 18 22 22 22 22
14 14 14 18 18 18 18 22 22 22 22
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134 164 194 220 260 296 316 320 350 376 360
25 25 30 30 32 32 40 40 40 40 50
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35 38 38 38 38 38
25 25 25 25 25 25
25 25 25 25 25 25
The minimum hub diameter is based on material with a yield stress of 0,2 = 280 MPa for turbine end disks and 0,2 = 270 MPa for T-bottom end disks. The table is further based on Bikon 1006 (and equivalent) locking elements for turbine end disks and Bikon 1015 (and equivalent) locking elements for T-bottom end disks. Other locking devices may be submitted for consideration by the Engineer, in order to maintain best practice.
4.2
4.3
SHAFT ATTACHMENTS
Pulley shaft-to-hub attachments shall be by means of keyless locking elements. The elements shall be so chosen as to be capable of transmitting the maximum torque that can be developed by the pulley shaft.
4.3.1
When a pulley is designed by finite element analysis the calculated bending moment applied to the locking element under start-up loads, and the angular distortion of the locking element under start-up loads, must not exceed the recommendations of the locking element suppliers. Shrink fit shaft attachment: While the preference is to use keyless locking elements as shaft attachments, when shrink fit shaft attachments are specified, shafts and bosses shall be machined to BS 4500 and shall be a shaft based interference fit. Note that shrink-fit attachments will require the approval of the Engineer.
4.3.2
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4.4
4.4.1 4.4.2 4.4.3 4.4.4
PULLEY SHELLS
Pulley shells shall be manufactured from steel that complies with the requirements of SANS 1431 grade 300 WA or 350 WA. The shell shall be machined to be concentric with the shaft within the Total Indicated Runout permitted in SANS 1669-1. The tolerance on the pulley diameter shall be + 2,0 mm. This tolerance shall be applied to both bare and lagged pulleys. For pulleys with face width suitable for belt widths up to and including 900 mm, the tolerance on the face width shall be 3,0 mm. For pulleys with face width suitable for belt width greater than 900 mm, the tolerance on the face width shall be 6,0 mm. The shell shall have a minimum thickness after machining as indicated in Table 2. Deviation from the minimum shell thickness after machining shall not exceed 12% of the nominal thickness at any point on the shell. The preferred shell diameters shall be limited to the range given in Table 3. Other shell diameters may be submitted for consideration by the Engineer. Table 3 - Standard pulleys: Shell Diameter
160 200 250 315 400 500 630 710 800 900 1000 1120 1250 1400 1600 1800 2000
4.4.5
4.4.6 4.4.7
4.5
SHAFTS
Table 4 - Preferred Bearing Journal Sizes 50 65 75 90 100 115 125 140 150 160 180 190 200 220 240 260 280 300
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4.5.1
Shafts shall be manufactured from steel that complies with the requirements of BS 970 Part 1 grade 070M20 (EN3A). Shafting of finished diameter less than 130 mm may be supplied as bright shafting. Shafting of finished diameter 130 mm and greater shall be normalised. Steel conforming to grade 080M40 (EN8) and 070M55 (EN9) is not to be used unless approved by the Engineer. Shafts shall be sized so that at all points the stresses do not exceed 90% of the yield stress under start-up belt tensions and drive torques. All contact surfaces for hub connections, bearings, seals and couplings shall be machined round to a surface texture not rougher than R0,8 m. Undercuts, reliefs and grooves are not permitted. The bearing diameter shall be restricted to the range shown in Table 4. Where bearing journals are smaller in diameter than that at the locking element, the shoulder at the turndown shall be provided with a fillet, with a radius figured at r r = (0,1d), whichever is the greater. Here, D d = = major (base) diameter minor (journal) diameter
4.5.2 4.5.3
4.5.4
3( D d ) or 2
4.5.5
Where the bore of the coupling, shaft mounted reduction unit or holdback is smaller than the journal diameter of the shaft, the shoulder at the turn-down shall be provided with a fillet in accordance with 5.1.4 above. When a pulley is not designed by finite element analysis the following rules shall be applied, with the shaft loaded by the shear forces applied by the end discs, but ignoring the moments applied by the discs: The maximum allowable deflection of the shaft at the centre of the hub connection shall be designed at 14,5 milli-radians ( 0-5-0), in accordance with the suppliers recommendations. These deflection limits are based on the locking element types noted in 4.1.3 Note 2 above. Limits for other locking devices may be submitted for consideration by the Engineer, in order to maintain best practice. When the proposed design incorporates a reduction in shaft diameter, the stress factors shall be applied to ensure that the stresses at these points do not exceed 55 MPa. All external corners shall be chamfered to 3 mm at 45.
4.5.6
4.5.7
When a pulley is designed by finite element analysis the following rules shall be applied: The minimum shaft diameter shall be calculated using the CEMA formula using the running loads and torque. The bending moment on the locking element must also not exceed the manufacturers maximum allowable bending moment under start-up loads (see 4.3.1). This may require a different diameter. The maximum of these diameters shall be used, and rounded up to the next standard diameter in Table 2.
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When the design incorporates a reduction in shaft diameter the reduced diameter shall be determined by the CEMA shaft formula, with the shaft step down concentration factors taken into account. This diameter is to be rounded up to the next standard diameter in Table 4. 4.5.8 4.5.9 4.5.10 Flame spraying plating, welding, stray arcing and weld spatter on shafts is not permitted. Keys and Keyways: keys and keyways shall comply with the requirements of BS 4235, Part 1. When shrink-fit shaft attachments are used, the keys shall not protrude beyond the outer hub face. Keys and keyways for shaft extensions beyond the bearings shall be provided to suit the attachments required for the application. See paragraph 4.3.2
4.6
4.6.1
4.6.2
4.6.3
4.6.4
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4.7
4.7.1
SHELL CROWNING
Crowning. (see Clause 2.3). If required, crowning shall be arranged either as
4.7.1.1 Edge-crowning, where the outer 1/6 of the pulley face width is tapered at a slope of 1:50, with the centre 2/3 flat. The dimension at the pulley centre shall be the nominal diameter of the pulley. The original material thickness of shell shall be sufficient to allow for machining to end thickness dimensions as specified in Table 2.
or
4.7.1.2 Centre-crowning, where the face of the pulley is tapered at a slope of 1 : 100 with the minor diameter at the ends of the pulley face. The dimension at the pulley edge shall be the nominal diameter of the pulley. The original material thickness of shell shall be sufficient to allow for machining to end thickness dimensions as specified in Table 2. 4.7.1.3 Crowning of pulleys for use with steelcord reinforced belting is generally not preferred. See SANS 1669:1996
4.8
4.8.1 4.8.2 4.8.3
WELDING
Welding: All welds shall comply with the requirements of AWS D1.1. Weld procedures shall be submitted for approval at time of tender. Weld quality: Butt and fillet welds shall have complete penetration and fusion for the full length of the weld and shall be free from undercuts, overlaps or bead surface defects. Finished welds shall be free of cracks, porosity and inclusions. Weld joint preparation. All weld joint preparation shall be available for inspection by the Quality Assurance Representative before welding is commenced. The weld preparation for butt welding may be modified within the limits AWS D1.1 in order to achieve full penetration welds. Such modification shall be submitted for approval. Shell butt weld method: The pulley shell butt joint shall be internally welded and shall be dressed to a smooth profile inside and outside the shell. Air vent A 4 mm diameter air vent hole shall be provided for pulleys having either shrink fit or keyless locking element shaft attachments in order to prevent 'blow-back' on final seal run and distortion on vulcanising of lagging (if used). The hole shall be located outside of the heat affected zone of the disk-to shell weld. This hole shall be sealed with a 4 mm diameter parallel dowel pin to DIN 6325 of a length not less than the diaphragm thickness.
4.8.4
4.8.5 4.8.6
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4.9
Stress relieving of pulleys shall be at a temperature of 600/650C and the heating and cooling cycles shall be as specified in Clauses 4.8.3 and 4.8.4. Normalising of shafts shall be at a temperature of 880/910C and the heating and cooling cycles shall be as specified in Clauses 4.8.3 and 4.8.5. Heating cycle: The temperature of the furnace at the commencement of the treatment cycle shall not exceed 400C and the rate of increase in temperature above 400C shall not exceed the following:
4.9.3.1 Not more than 200C per hour for a thickness of diaphragm plate up to and including 25 mm. 4.9.3.2 Not more than
5000 C/ hour for a diaphragm plate over 25 mm in thickness where t
t is the diaphragm thickness in mm. 4.9.3.3 When the item has attained a uniform temperature the temperature shall be maintained for a period of one hour for diaphragm thicknesses up to and including 25 mm. For diaphragms over 25 mm thick allow an additional 2 minutes for each mm in thickness above 25 mm. 4.9.4 Cooling cycle, stress relieving: The component shall be cooled in the furnace at a rate not exceeding 250C per hour for thicknesses of diaphragm plate up to and including 25 mm.
6250 C /hour where t is the diaphragm thickness in mm. t
4.9.4.1 For diaphragm plate thicknesses above 25 mm the cooling rate shall not exceed
4.9.4.2 Components shall be removed from the furnace at a temperature of 250C and cooled in still air. 4.9.5 Cooling cycle, normalising: Shafts shall be cooled in still air from the maximum temperature required in this specification.
4.10
LAGGING
See also SANS 1669-2: 2005
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4.10.1
Lagging type and pattern The lagging pattern shall be one of the following as specified by the Purchaser. (a) (b) (c) (d) Plain Chevron Diamond. Ceramic tiles Non drive bend pulleys. Direction of drive to be advised to the Contractor. Note this pattern is not preferred. This pattern may be used on driver pulleys and non-drive pulleys where the contact angle exceeds 150 both drive and non-drive. note that dimpled tiles are required for drive pulleys.
4.10.2
Lagging material The lagging material shall be one of the following as specified by the Purchaser. (a) (b) Natural rubber having a Shore A hardness of 65 - 70 for non flame-retardant applications. Neoprene having a Shore A hardness of 65 + 5 for flame-retardant applications.
The material shall comply with the requirements of AA specification 171001. Other lagging materials, such as ceramic tiles, may be submitted for consideration by the Engineer, in order to maintain best practice. 4.10.3 Lagging Thickness The lagging thickness shall be as specified by the Purchaser and shall be not less than 10mm in the case of chevron or diamond profiled lagging. 4.10.4 Surface Preparation The surfaces to be lagged shall be abrasive blast cleaned to SA 2 finish with a surface profile of 40 to 65 microns in accordance with requirements of AA specification 164050. 4.10.5 Curing Lagging shall be steam cured in an autoclave in accordance with the requirements of SANS 1198. Where the lagging is applied on site, the adhesive curing times as specified by the suppliers shall be applied.
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4.10.6
Adhesion An adhesion test shall be conducted on every batch of lagging material in accordance with the requirements of SANS 1198 and SANS 1669t 2. Adhesive used shall be from the same batch as used for the lagging process.
4.11
BALANCING
All pulleys shall be balanced in accordance with SANS 1169. Note: Welding of fitments to the end disks for balancing purposes is not permitted.
4.12
CORROSION PROTECTION
Prior to painting, all rust, mill scale, grease, oil and other foreign matter shall be removed. The shell, when not lagged, the hubs and end disks and diaphragms shall be primed with one coat of single pack wash primer of not less than 20 m thickness and a single coat of chlorinated rubber, resin based paint of not less than 30 m thickness.
6 6.1
7 7.1
7.2
PACKING
Immediately after acceptance by the QAR, all exposed shaft surfaces shall be protected against corrosion and accidental damage. Precautions shall be taken by the Contractor to ensure that the pulley assemblies are not damaged during handling and transportation.
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APPENDIX A : RELATED DOCUMENTS AAC Drawing Y1315 AA Specification 164/50 AA Specification 171/1 AA Specification 999/1 AA STD 100 BS 970 Part 1 : : : : : : Standard sole plates for conveyors (dimensions) Corrosion protection of steelwork with coatings Fire resistant elastomers for use underground in fiery mines Non-destructive examination for flat steel components Quality management systems for critical and major material Wrought steels for mechanical and allied engineering purposes. Specification for steel castings for general engineering purposes Heavy duty lubricating nipples Metric keys and keyways ISO limits and fits Structural welding code - Steel Specification for plummer block housings Parallel pins, hardened, tolerance zone M6 General purpose textile reinforced conveyor belting Weldable structural steel The production and quality of rubber linings on steel pipes, pipe fittings and vessels Conveyor Belt Pulleys
BS 3100
BS 1486 Part 2 BS 4235 BS 4500 AWS/ANSI D1.1-2006 BS 5646 Part 4 DIN 6325 SANS 1173 SANS 1431 SANS 1198
: : : : : : : : :
APPENDIX B : RECORD OF AMENDMENTS Issue 0 : Based upon AAC Specification 371001 (Issue 10)
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APPENDIX C : BEARING CODING Bearings listed on AA equipment schedules shall be coded as follows: xxx C/T L/F (S) Where: xxx is numeric and is the shaft diameter in mm. C/T is either C or T and indicates whether the housing is a closed end or through shaft. L/F is either L or F and indicates whether the bearing is located or floating. (S) is either present or absent and indicates whether or not a flinger ring is required. Example Code 90TL indicates a bearing unit to suit a shaft of 90 mm diameter with the shaft through the bearing and the bearing located in the housing. No flinger is required. The locating bearing is placed at the coupling side of a through shaft, with the non-driving end floating. Where the shaft has a double extension for a second drive, the locating bearing is placed to best suit the arrangement. For a shaft with a double extension for a holdback device, the locating bearing is placed at the coupling. Pulley shaft extensions For the range of bearings permitted by this specification, the values recommended for the extension of the pulley shaft through the bearings of housings with closed ends are as shown in Table 5. The dimensions shown are given from the centreline of the housing which may differ from that of the bearing. The centreline dimension indicated on the drawing generally is that of the housing or bolt hole centres. TABLE 5 Shaft dia 2 65 75 90 100 115 125 140 Bearing code 50 CL or F 65 CL or F 75 CL or F 90 CL or F 100 CL or F 115 CL or F 125 CL or F 140 CL or F Ext 34 42 50 55 60 68 72 85 Shaft dia 150 160 180 200 220 240 260 300 Bearing code 150 CL or F 160 CL or F 180 CL or F 200 CL or F 220 CL or F 240 CL or F 260 CL or F 300 CL or F Ext 70 72 88 92 100 108 108 130
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