Lecture 2
Project Format
Teams should be multidisciplinary and have 4 members It should be an ongoing project throughout the semester The project should cover all the issues we will discuss in class i.e.,
Performance requirements of the end product Material Selection Design Manufacturing and Processing Characterization (accessing the properties) Cost analysis
The projects (6-7 page document, double-space, 12-font size excluding figures, tables and references) are due on 4/17 Every student will present during the final presentation and should be able to answer questions related to the teams project not just the portion she/he worked on
Course Objectives
Materials
Manufacturing Processing
Performance Applications
Characterization
Overview
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Two basic material properties are used in the preliminary selection process
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Reinforcements
Features Sought
Why fibers Why small diameters Why anisotropic Why low compression strength Why low thermal expansion Why expensive Why not high strength and high modulus)
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Aspect ratio Internal molecular structure Cross section, Surface roughness Important fiber parameter Length (3in) Loading (max 60-70%)
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Tensile stressstrain diagram of an untwisted Eglass fiber bundle containing 3000 filaments.
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Carbon fibers:
Carbon fibers:
Arrangement of graphite crystals in a direction transverse to the fiber axis
circumferential
radial
random
radial circumferential
random circumferential
Carbonization step
Graphitization step
Boron Fibers
Advantages
Disadvantages
Manufacturing
Natural Fibers
Advantages
Disadvantages
Ceramic Fibers
Ceramic Fibers
Specialty Fibers
Extended Chain Polyethylene Fibers Spectra, manufactured by gel-spinning of HMWPE High degree of orientation and crystallinity Highest strength-to-weight ratio of all commercially available fibers Loa moisture absorption High abrasion resistance
Overview
General fiber characteristics Glass fibers Carbon/Graphite fibers Aramid and other organic fibers Boron, silicon carbide and other specialty fibers Natural fibers