Reflexes in the gut Colonoileal reflex reflexes from colon that inhibits emptying of ileal contents into colo

o Defecation reflex, intrinsic feces enters rectum and distention of rectal wall initiates peristaltic waves in descending colon, sigmoid, and rectum, forcing feces towards rectum; as the peristaltic waves approaches the anus, the internal anal sphincter is relaxed; via myenteric plexus Defecation reflex, extrinsic stimulation of nerve endings in rectum greatly intensifies the intrinsic defecation reflex that leads to effective emptying the large bowel from the splenic flexure, via the parasympathetic pelvic nerves. Can also be activated by taking a deep breath, then increasing abdominal pressure that forces more feces into rectum to initiate the reflex Duodenocolic reflex distention of duodenum that triggers mass movements of the colon via ANS Enterogasteic reflex signals from colon and small intestine that inhibits stomach motility & secretion via prevertebral sympathetic ganglia, stimulated by 1) distention of duodenum; 2) presence of irritating material in duodenum; 3) avid in chyme; 4) hypotonic, but more importantly, hypertonic chyme; 5) presence of certain digestive products in chyme, esp. that of proteins and (lesser extent) fat Gastrocolic reflex signals from stomach that triggers evacuation of colon via ANS Gastroenteritis reflex initiated by gastric distention that stimulates peristalsis

in the small intestine via the myenteric plexus Gastroileal reflex intensified peristalsis from gastric distention that forces blocked chyme through ileocecal valve in the next meal, via myenteric plexus Ileocecal sphincter reflex distention or irritation of cecum and appendix that causes intense spasm and constriction of the ileocecal sphincter, via prevertebral sympathetic ganglia and (lesser extent) myenteric plexus Myenteric reflex also called peristaltic reflex Peristaltic reflex distention of local gut causes upstream (2 cm proximal) gut to constrict and distal receptive relaxation, lasting for 5-10 cm before dying out, from orad to caudad via myenteric plexus Peritoneointestinal reflex irritation of peritoneum leading to intestinal paralysis due to strongly inhibited excitatory enteric nerves Renointestinal reflex kidney irritation leading to inhibition of intestinal activity Vagovagal reflex distention of stomach that leads to relaxation of stomach muscle tone via the vagus nerve Vesicointestinal reflex irritation of urinary bladder leading to inhibition of intestinal activity