9 l TDI 81 kW
SP22-23
Two new diesel engines from the proven group engine series
supplement the range of engines available from SKODA.
This publication will help you to become familiar with the new technical
details of these engines, the operation and design of the new
components and their most important features.
2
Contents
Technical Data 4
Engine Characteristics 5
Diesel Control Flap 6
Exhaust Gas Recirculation Valve 8
Technical Data 9
Engine Characteristics 10
Intake Manifold Flap 11
System Overview 12
Turbocharger 14
Actuators 19
Self-Diagnosis 21
Function Diagram 22
Two-Mass Flywheel 23
Oil Filter 26
3
Technical Data
SP22-6
4
Engine Characteristics
70
60
50 140
40 130
M (Nm)
P (kW)
30 120
20 110
10
0
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
SP22-5
P = Power n (1/min)
M = Torque
n = Engine speed
In what ways does the 1.9-ltr. SDI differ from – The injectors (5-hole injectors) feature smaller
the 1.9-ltr. TDI? injection holes which permit a reduction of
about 5 % in flow.
While the engine employs the same fuel injection
method - direct injection - it operates without a – The diesel direct injection system control unit
turbocharger and without intercooler. is matched to the parameters of the naturally-
aspirated diesel.
Engine timing and fuel injection have been modi-
fied in order to achieve the performance parame- – Intake manifold and exhaust manifold are
ters while maintaining the exhaust limits: new.
– New camshaft offers greater overlap of valve – An additional flap (diesel control flap) in the
opening times. intake manifold modifies the pressure ratios of
the inducted air in the part load range in order
– Valves with 7 mm stem diameter. to create balanced pressure ratios for the
exhaust gas recirculation.
– Flat design of piston bowl.
– The exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) valve is
– Injection pump operates at higher injection integrated in the intake manifold.
pressure. It operates in two stages. The opening is map-
controlled.
5
Diesel Control Flap
Exhaust gas recirculation is the most effective Consequently, it is a complicated exercise to spe-
measure at present for reducing the oxides of cifically feed exhaust gas into the inducted air
nitrogen (NOx) in the exhaust. The recirculation when the engine is operating at part load,
rates have to be very exactly metered to ensure although this is essential, particularly at part load,
that an adequate level of oxygen nevertheless in order to reduce the oxides of nitrogen.
remains for combusting the fuel injected. That is why the inducted air in the intake manifold
is controlled at certain engine speeds in order to
Excessively high rates of exhaust gas recircula- match the inlet pressure to the conditions of the
tion allow an increase in the emissions of soot, exhaust pressure and to thus achieve thorough
carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon as a result of intermixing of exhaust gas and fresh air.
the air deficiency.
A two-stage exhaust gas recirculation valve is
The difference between inlet pressure and used to set the exhaust recirculation rates as they
exhaust pressure on diesel engines not fitted with are required in the lower engine speed operating
a turbocharger, is relatively slight. range.
New!
G70
G72
Diesel control flap
(intake manifold flap)
AGR V60
VP
N18
G28
J248
SP22-7
RGE = Exhaust gas recirculation valve J248 = Diesel direct injection system control unit
G28 = Engine speed sensor N18 = EGR valve
G70 = Air mass meter V60 = Intake manifold flap motor
G72 = Intake manifold temperature sender VP = Vacuum pump
6
Diesel control flap
Function
J 248
The intake manifold is partially sealed off by a flap
in order to adapt the inlet pressure to the exhaust
pressure when the engine is operating at part Intake manifold flap motor
load. V60
Engine speed
Coolant temperature
Air mass flow
In the event of a fault, the control is deactivated. Failure of the intake manifold flap motor V60 is
The control flap is open. This is not noticeable stored in the fault memory.
when driving.
A possible effect is that no exhaust gases are The on/off ratio can be read in the function "08",
recirculated. Reading measured value block.
7
Exhaust Gas Recirculation Valve
Main spring B
The exact adaptation of the exhaust gas recircu-
lation rate to the particular driving state is calcu-
lated by the diesel direct injection system control
unit. A
The control
Stroke s of EGR valve as a function of control
The control pressure p is pulsed and the stroke s pressure p
of the valve determined according to a map as a 8
function of engine load and speed.
7
SSP 200/051
9
Engine Characteristics
90
80
70 250
60 225
50 200
P (kW)
M (Nm)
40 175
30 150
20 125
10
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
n (1/min)
SP22-4
P = Power
M = Torque
n = Engine speed
– The electronic diesel injection control unit per- – The dimension of the oil cooler has been
forms the task of controlling the quantity of enlarged in order to have the coolest possible
fuel of injection and start of injection, boost oil available for the spray cooling of the pis-
pressure, exhaust gas recirculation, glow tons and for the turbocharger.
period and electronic auxiliary heater. The
system features the Bosch MSA 15 control – A three-stage electric auxiliary heater is avail-
unit. able for certain export countries, which cuts in
as a function of outside temperature and
– The engine has a two-mass flywheel for engine temperature in order to provide the
reducing the interior noise in the car. necessary heating capacity in the car.
– A flywheel damper which balances rotational – The radiator fan can be actuated by the
imbalances of the crankshaft, is integrated in engine control unit after switching off the
the face end of the belt pulley. engine if this is necessary because of high
temperatures in the engine compartment.
– A flap in the intake manifold prevents any High engine temperatures are limited, particu-
engine bucking when it is switched off. larly in the area of the turbocharger, in order
to prevent any carbon deposits in the oil-con-
– The upright oil filter with replaceable filter car- veying parts of the turbocharger.
tridge is mounted directly in the oil cooler.
10
Intake Manifold Flap
Task
Function
There are only two positions for the intake mani- In response to this, the engine control unit ener-
fold flap: "OPEN" and "CLOSED". gizes the intake manifold flap switchover valve
N239.
In the "OPEN" position, the atmospheric pressure
acts on the diaphragm in the vacuum unit. This switches vacuum to the diaphragm in the
vacuum unit. The vacuum unit closes the intake
If the engine is switched off, a pulse is supplied to manifold flap mechanically.
the engine control unit by the ignition/starter lock.
The intake manifold flap remains closed for about
3 seconds and then opens again.
Vacuum unit
Inducted air
Vacuum supply
from vacuum pump
N239
J248
Atmospheric pressure
SP22-9
11
System Overview
Sensors
<
40
F/M
T-G
> PB G
UR
RB ANY
PIE GERM .01 OW
21 FL
82
7 .1
S
US
HFL
RC
07
4 90
6 46
1
12
Note:
The operation of the sensors
and actuators which are identical
to the 1.9-ltr. 66 kW TDI engine,
is described in SSP 16!
Actuators
Additional signals
F96
J248
Inducted air
G71 + G72
G70
Intercooler
Boost air
Non-return valve
Compressor
N75
U
VP
Vacuum unit
Guide vane
Turbine wheel
SP22-1
In place of the bypass, the turbocharger operates U = Vacuum reservoir
with variable vanes in the turbine. VP = Vacuum pump
These are used to influence the exhaust flow to Refer to the system overview of the electronic control of
the turbine wheel. the TDI engine for the abbreviated designation of the
sensors and actuators.
The vanes are moved by means of a vacuum unit.
14
The design of the turbocharger with
New!
variable turbine geometry
In contrast to the turbocharger with bypass, the
compression required is achieved not in the
upper engine speed range, but over the entire
range.
Variable vane
Compressor wheel
Exhaust outlet
Intake air
SP22-2
Highlights
– Turbocharger and exhaust manifold are a sin- – The turbocharger is lubricated by its own oil
gle part. supply.
– Variable vanes positioned in the shape of a – The vacuum unit moves a rotating adjusting
ring, influence the direction and cross-section ring by means of a linkage. This ring passes
of the flow of the turbine. on the adjustment movement to the vanes.
15
Turbocharger
The principle of boost pressure
control
Applied physics
SP22-29
Exhaust backpressure
Boost pressure
16
Altering the position of the vanes
New!
Adjusting ring
Guide plate
Supporting ring
Shaft
Variable vane
Control linkage
SP22-20
Guide plate of control
linkage
Connection to vacuum unit
The variable vanes are inserted into a supporting Consequently, the position of all the variable
ring together with their shafts. vanes can be altered evenly and simultaneously
by means of the adjusting ring.
The shafts of the variable vanes have a guide
plate on the rear which meshes into an adjusting The adjusting ring is moved with the guide plate
ring. of the control linkage by the vacuum unit.
17
Turbocharger
SP22-30 SP22-31
SP22-27 SP22-28
The variable vanes are set to a narrow inlet The variable vanes are positioned at a steeper
cross-section in order to achieve a rapid increas- angle as the quantity of exhaust gas increases or
ing boost pressure at low engine speed and full to achieve a lower boost pressure.
throttle. The inlet cross-section is enlarged.
The boost pressure and output of the turbine thus
The constriction of the cross-section causes the remain practically constant.
exhaust gas flow to accelerate and thus boosts
the turbine speed.
Note:
The maximum position of the variable
vanes and thus the largest inlet cross-
section is also at the same time the
emergency running position.
Reduced exhaust backpressure in the turbine in Optimal boost pressure and improved
the upper engine speed range and improved combustion over the entire
output in lower engine speed range engine speed range
= =
improved fuel economy reduced exhaust emission levels
18
Actuators
Operating principle
Set and actual values can be read for the boost SP22-21
19
Actuators
Solenoid valve N75 and the vacuum unit -UD- for altering the position of
the variable vanes
Vacuum control for flat variable vanes The solenoid valve N75 is actuated constantly by
the diesel direct injection system control unit
J248.
The maximum vacuum acts on the vacuum unit
UD.
The variable vanes are set to a flat position.
N75
The maximum boost pressure is built up rapidly.
UD
SSP190/13
Vacuum control for steep variable vane The solenoid valve is de-energized.
position Atmospheric pressure acts on the vacuum unit.
The variable vanes are set to steep position.
This position is also the emergency running
position.
N75
UD
SSP190/14
Vacuum control for intermediate stages of the The engine has to produce the power corre-
variable vanes sponding to the driving conditions and the turbo-
charger has to supply the optimum boost
pressure in each situation.
The solenoid valve is actuated by the engine
control unit in line with the driving conditions.
It sets a vacuum level between atmospheric
N75
pressure and the maximum possible vacuum
which corresponds to a particular position of the
variable vanes for the respective engine speed
and load range.
The position of the variable vanes is thus conti-
nuously altered to the desired boost pressure as
UD a result of the continuous control process.
SSP190/15
20
Self-Diagnosis
Functions available
21
Function Diagram
The function diagram contains the new components for boost pressure
control and shows how they are integrated in the entire system of the
electronic diesel control.
The base version is identical with that of the 1.9-ltr. 66 kW TDI engine.
30 30
15 15
x x
31 31
A71
S234
10A
E30
N75 N239
J322
15 3
J248
33 25 13 39 40 69 67 71 1
G72 G71
G28
31 31
SP22-3
Components
in out
22
Two-Mass Flywheel
In reciprocating-piston engines, rotary oscillations The decoupled masses are connected flexibly to
are produced at the crankshaft and flywheel as a each other by means of a spring/damping sys-
result of the irregularity of the combustion proc- tem.
ess.
These oscillations are transmitted through the As the mass moment of inertia of the gearbox
clutch to the gearbox and drive train. components is increased as a result of this, these
components absorb oscillations only at signifi-
In the low engine speed range this manifests itself cantly lower engine speeds.
in the form of vibrations and noises. Excitations of the gearbox shaft which would
result in it oscillating are thus almost completely
The two-mass flywheel prevents these rotary absorbed by the system.
oscillations being transmitted to the drive train
where they can produce resonance oscillations. What is achieved is smooth running of all the
downstream components such as the secondary
The operating principle consists in separating the flywheel mass, clutch, clutch plate, gearbox and
flywheel into two decoupled mass parts. drive train.
The primary flywheel mass is the one part and
forms part of the mass moment of inertia of On the other hand, the reduced primary mass
engine. results in an increased rotational irregularity of
The other part, the secondary mass, increases the crankshaft.
the mass moment of inertia of the gearbox. This situation is counteracted by means of meas-
ures at the belt drive. A vibration damper is inte-
grated into the belt pulley at the face end.
SP22-13 197/45
Insulation of oscillations
23
Two-Mass Flywheel
194/025
Engine Gearbox
+
Rotational irregularity (rpm)
0
Time
Engine and gearbox with two-mass flywheel The two-mass flywheel produces slightly higher
engine vibrations. As a result of the spring/damp-
ing system and the increased mass moment of
inertia of the gearbox components, however, they
are scarcely transmitted to the gearbox. In addi-
tion to the greatly increased ride comfort, it is also
possible to achieve reduced wear and better fuel
economy at low engine speeds.
194/026
Engine Gearbox
+
Rotational irregularity (rpm)
0
Time
-
SP22-26
Oscillation pattern of engine and gearbox at idling
speed
24
The basic design in combination with clutch and clutch plate
Diaphragm
Clutch plate
Spring/damper system
194/024
The primary flywheel mass consists of two The torque is transmitted by the primary flywheel
shaped sheet metal parts welded on the outside. mass through the spring assemblies to the sec-
ondary flywheel mass.
The spring assemblies of the spring/damping sys-
tem are located inside. The clutch is bolted onto the secondary flywheel
mass.
The primary side contains a grease packing
which is sealed to the atmosphere by means of a
diaphragm. Note:
The two-mass flywheel is an element
The secondary mass is mounted on the primary of the engine vibration system and
flywheel mass by means of a grooved ball bear- is matched to this!
ing. A conventional flywheel-clutch combi-
nation can therefore not be installed
as a replacement.
25
Oil Filter
The cleaning of the oil has a major impact on The diesel engines now feature an environmen-
engine life. tally-friendly design of oil filter which minimizes
the use of scarce resources and to also have as
The change intervals as stated in the service little "problem waste" as possible when disposing
schedule (km limit or 1x a year) should be exactly of the old oil.
observed.
New!
Cap
Engine connection
Connection for
oil pressure
switch Oil filter
cartridge
SP22-16 SP22-17
The oil filter housing remains attached to the The oil filter cartridge is withdrawn upward after
engine during the entire engine life. removing the cap.
Only the oil filter cartridge is changed when The oil filter housing at the same time acts as the
changing the oil. carrier for the external oil cooler.
The cartridge consists of a newly developed high- The oil cooler is located below the oil filter hous-
strength filter paper with optimised fineness. Solid ing and is bolted to it.
foreign bodies from the engine oil (combustion
residues, metal abrasion, dust) are trapped, the The oil pressure switch (grey, 0.9 bar) is posi-
engine oil is cleaned. tioned in the oil filter housing, as before, at an
easily accessible point.
26