The World Health Organization (WHO) office in Eritrea would like to inform all UN staff, (resident and visiting), None overnmental Organizations, and other !artners that the "inistr# of Health of the $tate of Eritrea has notified an out%reak of %lood# diarrhoea in one &'( cam! namel# Harena cam!) This information was disclosed at the eighteenth emergenc# Health and Nutrition meeting, which was held on $e!tem%er *+, ,*** and at the Emergenc# coordination !lenar# meeting on $e!tem%er *-, ,***) The causative agents were identified to %e Shigella dysentriae and Escherichia coli %acteriae) $higella d#sentriae is from the genus of non.lactose fermenting, non motile gram.negative %acilli %elonging to the famil# Entero%acteriaceae, that contains a num%er of s!ecies that cause digestive tract distur%ances ranging from mild diarrhoea to a severe and often fatal bacillary dysentery (a term which is a!!lied to a num%er of intestinal disorders characterized %# inflammation of the mucous mem%rane of the intestinal tract, es!eciall# the colon)) The %acilli, which cause shigellosis, %elongs to the genus $higella of which there are three !athogenic grou!s namel# Shiga, Flexner and Sonnei the last two having man# strains) According to the Ministry of Health the outbreak has not reached an epidemic proportion and measures to contain it have been taken, including antibiotic sensitivity. Epidemiology /acillar# d#senter# in endemic form is found all over the world) &t occurs in e!idemic form whenever there is a crowded !o!ulation with !oor sanitation, and thus has %een a constant accom!animent of wars and natural catastro!hes) $!read ma# occur %# contaminated food or drinks %# direct contact or through vectors like flies %ut contact through unwashed hands after defecation is %# far the most im!ortant factor) Out%reaks are not uncommon in mental hos!itals, residential schools and other closed institutions) !linical Features The s#m!toms of $higellosis are a%dominal !ain, tenesmus (s!asmodic contraction of the anal s!hincter with !ain and !ersistent desire to em!t# the %owel with involuntar# ineffectual straining effort) and diarrhoea with !assage of mucous or %lood or %oth) The %acteria ($higellae), which were identified from the !atients in the &'( cam!s, were found to %e resistant to the commonl# used first line drugs, which are Trimetho!rim sulfametho0azole (1o.trimo0azole or /actrim) and 2m!icillin) However, according to the "OH the out%reak has not reached an e!idemic !ro!ortion and measures to contain it
have %een taken, which include !rovision of the a!!ro!riate drugs (Nalidi0ic acid and Nitrofuratoin) to which the %acteriae are sensitive, and environmental sanitation and education to the !eo!le living in the cam!s) Meanwhile The World health Organization Office in Eritrea recommends that all U personnel! "Os! other partners and the people in the camps and s#rro#nding areas ta$e all preca#tionary meas#res to pre%ent themsel%es from ac&#iring the disease'