CE 6201: Advanced Concrete Technology Durability-Term Project

Dr. Tanvir Manzur

Definition
A long service life is considered synonymous with durability As durability under one set of conditions does not necessarily mean durability under another, it is customary to include a general reference to the environment when defining durability According to ACI Committee 201, durability of portland cement concrete is defined as its ability to resist weathering action, chemical attack, abrasion, or any other process of deterioration In other words, a durable concrete will retain its original form, quality, and serviceability when exposed to its intended service environment
Dr. Tanvir Manzur, CE, BUET

General Observation
First, water,
Which is the primary agent of both creation and destruction of many natural materials, happens to be central to most durability problems in concrete In porous solids, water is known to be the cause of many types of physical processes of degradation As a vehicle for transport of aggressive ions, water can also be a source of chemical processes of degradation

Dr. Tanvir Manzur, CE, BUET

General Observation
Second,
The physical-chemical phenomena associated with water transport in porous solids are controlled by the permeability of the solid. For instance, the rate of chemical deterioration is dependent on whether chemical attack is confined to the surface of concrete, or whether it is also happening inside the material

Dr. Tanvir Manzur, CE, BUET

General Observation
Third,
The rate of deterioration is affected by the type and the concentration of ions present in water, and by the chemical composition of the solid Unlike natural rocks and minerals, concrete is essentially an alkaline material because all of the calcium compounds that constitute the hydration product of portland cement are alkaline Therefore, acidic waters are particularly harmful to concrete

Dr. Tanvir Manzur, CE, BUET

Durability
Permeability Permeability of hardened cement paste Permeability of aggregate Permeability of concrete Surface wear Crystallization of salts in pores Frost action Effect of fire Effect of high temperature on hydrated cement paste Effect of high temperature on aggregate Effect of high temperature on concrete Behavior of high-strength concrete exposed to fire Deterioration of concrete by chemical reactions Hydrolysis of the cement paste components Cation-exchange reactions
Dr. Tanvir Manzur, CE, BUET

Durability
Reactions involving the formation of expansive products Sulfate attack
Chemical reactions in sulfate attack Delayed ettringite formation Control of sulfate attack

Alkali-aggregate reaction
Cements and the aggregate types contributing to the reaction Mechanisms of expansion Control of expansion

Corrosion of embedded steel in concrete

Mechanisms involved in concrete deterioration by corrosion of embedded steel Control of corrosion

Concrete in the marine environment

Dr. Tanvir Manzur, CE, BUET

Classification of the Causes of Concrete Deterioration

Dr. Tanvir Manzur, CE, BUET

Deterioration of Concrete by Chemical Reactions

Dr. Tanvir Manzur, CE, BUET

Diagrammatic presentation of damage to concrete from (a) corrosion of reinforced concrete, (b) cycles of freezing and thawing, (c) alkali-silica reaction, (d) external sulfate attack
Dr. Tanvir Manzur, CE, BUET

A holistic model of deterioration of concrete from commonly encountered environmental effects

Dr. Tanvir Manzur, CE, BUET