Renewable Energy - Solar Power

Solar Power - The conversion of sunlight into electricity either using photovoltaic (PV), Active solar energy, Passive solar energy or concentrating solar power systems. Photovoltaic (PV) cells are semiconductor devices, which exhibit electrical properties in the presence of sunlight. PV solar cells are made of thin layers of material, usually crystalline silicon. The layers, after treatment with special compounds, have either too many or too few electrons. When light strikes the active area of a solar cell, electrons start flowing, and a direct electric current is produced. Advantage1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. The abundance of Solar Energy. You dont pay for sunlight Solar energy is getting more cost effective. Solar energy is non-polluting. Accessibility of solar power in remote locations. Solar energy systems are virtually maintenance free.

Type of technology DSSC, CdTe/CdSe, CIGS, a-Si/mu-Si Dual Cells, a-Si, Other second generation, Thin silicon wafer, Polysilicon and Monosilicon. Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells Market Share 80-90% Major Components are Solar Panals, a Charger controller, a power inverter, Batteries. Major Technology Suppliers- Sharp, Q-Cell, Suntech, Motech, REC, ErSol, SunBorne Energy Cost of system: Appox. Rs. 16 Cr/MW (Module Cost ~ 6 Cr + Inverter Cost ~ 3.5 Cr + Battery ~ 1 Cr+ Charge Controller Prices ~ 1.6 Cr + other costs) Manufacturing Process: Three key elements in a solar cell form the basis of its manufacturing technology. 1. Semi-conductors, which absorbs light and converts it into electron-hole pairs. 2. Semiconductor junction, which separates the photo-generated carriers (electrons and holes), 3. Contacts on the front and back of the cell that allow the current to flow to the external circuit. Overview of manufacturing process -

Silicon Crystal Growing or Casting

Solar Cell Manufacturing

Module Assembly

Systems Assembly.

Types of Solar Energy Systems 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Grid-connected systems. Standalone grid tied system Off-grid systems Standalone off-grid system Standalone Off grid hybrid system

Global PV market supply and demand Tremendous growth has been registered in last five year (GW) with CAGR of 48%.
80 60 40 20 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 5.4 7 9.4 15.7 22.9 39.7 67.4

Indias capacities and potential With total world capacity of around 67 GW, India solar energy capacity is just hovering around 500 MW. However, Indias solar mission 2009 is successfully attracting the industries tycoons to invest in much soughed renewable energy venues. Total Land Area ( Sq Km) No. of Sunny Days Unit Potential from 1 sq. m Conversion Efficiency 1 sq. km (Mn units per year) 0.5% of land used (in Sq. Km) Potential Units (In billions) 3287590 200 4 kwh/day 15% 120 16,438 1972

Glimpses of Indias Solar Mission:

Add 20 GW by 2020

Add 10 GW by 2030

Add 20 GW by 2050

Special Incentive package Scheme(SIPS) Provide 20% of capital , first 10 year expenditure for semiconductor industries, including manufacturing activated related to PV technology in SEZ, 25% for industries not in SEZ. Growth Drivers: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. India population density is 382/km2 against world population density 45.3 /Km2. India has high solar insolation. Indias Increasing demand - supply gap in energy. Costing reduced dramatically since last two year. 25% reduction from 2010 to 2012. Worlds per capita energy consumption of 21,283 KWh vis a vis Indias per capita consumption 6280 KWh. 6. Government heavy subsidies.

SWAT analysis

Weaknesses Strength 1. It Is Easy to Outsource . 2. Does not create Pollution. 3. System will operate with negligible maintains. 4. Now economical feasiable 1. Solar energy and electricity are not available at night 2. Complementary power system is required 3. Solar panel consumes lot of space over the roof.

SWOT
Opportunities 1. India is densely popullated. 2. India has high solar insolation. 2. The rising utility prices give us a good opportunity to set ourselves in the market. 4. After Nuclear Power diaster in Japan, Shift toward solar power for clean energy. Threats 1. Low consumer awareness. 2. lack of standards. 3. High Price of Installation. 4. Efficient Fiancial Infrastructure. 5. Colloborative goal drive R&D. 6. Closer Industry- Govt. Cooperative