IsYeastAlive?

MaggieNarvil,KendalAbercrombie,HannahLaCount,HannahBeamon abstractgoesfirstthenpurpose

Background
Yeastisaunicellular,microorganisminthekingdomFungi.Over1,500speciesofyeast areknowntothisday.Thesizeofyeastcanvarybutisnormallyaround34micrometers.The lifespanofyeastisveryshort,andcanlastaslittleasafewdays.Therearemanyvarietiesof suchasbakersyeast,andbacterialyeast.Yeastcanalsobefoundintheenvironmentinsugar richthingssuchasfruit. YeastwasbelievedtobeusedinancientEgypttomakealcoholandbread. Archaeologistshavediscoveredremainsofoldbakeriesusedtomakebread.Egyptiansuseda processcalledfermentationtodoso.Itwasn'tuntilmicroscopeswereinventedthataman namedLouisPasteurdiscoveredthatyeastwasinfactalivingorganism.Pasteurdiscovered thatbybubblingoxygenintoyeastbroth,cellgrowthcouldbeincreased.Thisobservationisnow knownasthePasteurEffect.Soonafterhisdiscoveryscientistwereabletoisolateyeastinpure cultureform.Thisbegantheproductionofbakersyeast. Inorderforyeasttogrow,asinglecellisplacedinatesttubewiththenecessary nutrientsitneeds.Anutrientrichmaterial,calledWortwhichcontainsmolasses,carbohydrates, vitamins,andminerals,isausefultoolinyeastgrowth.Thetemperaturerangeinordertogrow, variesbetweenthedifferenttypesofyeast.Yeastturnscarbohydratesintocarbondioxide,using thingslikesugartogettheenergytheyneed.Theypreferpuresugartogrowthefastest.Yeast thenreproducesbyaprocesscalledbudding.Duringbuddingaparentcellwillsplititsnucleus intoadaughtercell.Thenucleuswillcontinuetogrowinsidethedaughtercelluntilthedaughter cellsplitsfromtheparentandbecomesitsowncell.Whenmanyyeastcellshavereproduced, thefermentationstagebegins.Theyeastwillbeputintotanksfilledwithwort.Bythetimethe yeastisreadytoharvest,itcanhavemultipliedupto58times. Yeastcanbeusedformanythingsbesidesbaking,eventhoughthatisthemost commonuse.Whenfedfood,yeastcanconvertthefoodintocarbondioxide.Thisallowsthe yeasttoformadoughandtorisethenbaked.Addingthistoflourandwater,youcanmake bread.Yeastcanalsobeusedtomakealcoholicbeverages.Ifmakingwine,theyeastwill convertthesugarsfoundinthegrapejuicetoethanol.Duringtheprocessoffermentation brewingyeastcanbeusedtomakebeer.Brewingyeastscanbeclassifiedastopfermenting orbottomfermenting.Yeastcanalsobeusedinnutritionsupplements,becauseitisveryrich inproteinandvitamins.Manypeoplewhofollowavegandiettakethese.Someyeastscan actuallycauseinfectionstothehumanbody. Manyyeastsareusedinsciencetostudygeneticsandcellbiology,becauseitisa simpleeukaryoticcell,whichmeansthenucleusandotherorganellesinacellareprotectedbya membrane.Scientistsareabletolearnmoreaboutthecellcycle,celldivision,metabolism,DNA replication,andmanyotherthingsbyjustlookingatyeast.

Abstract:Isyeastalive?thisisaquestionwearesoontofindout.Byperforminganexperiment toseeifyeastreactswithwhichsugarbasedsubstances.Whenhumansandotherlivingthings useenergy,theybreakdownmoleculeslikesugartogettheenergytheyneedandthengiveoffa gascalledcarbondioxide.ifyeastcanperformthistask,andbreakdownsugarsandrespirate thegas,thenweshouldknowforsureifyeastreallyisalive.sowhatdidyoufind. Problem:Whichsugarbasedproductbestreactswithyeastcausingtheballoontoinflatewith CO2?? researchsectiongoeshererightbeforewritinghypothesis Hypothesis: Whenyeastismixedwithsugarinthetesttube,theyeastwillconvertthissugarintocarbon dioxideandblowuptheballoon.yesbutdidyoupickonetobespecific??? IndependentVariable:TheI.V.iswhatwemixedwiththeYeasttomaketheballoonblowup. DependentVariable:TheD.V.washowmuchtheballoonfilledupwithcarbondioxide. Controls:Wecontrolledtheamountofyeast,theamountofthingswefedtheyeastandthe amountofwarmwaterweputeachtimewedidtheexperiment. Materials: 4glasstesttubes Warmwater Balloons Syrup Brownsugar Dietcoke Sugar Pipette

Procedures: 1.Getfourtesttubesandgatherallyourmaterials. 2.Labelyourtesttubesandfillyourtesttubeswiththecontrolitems(yeast&warmwater) 3.Addenoughwarmwatertofillthebottomline. 4.Addenoughyeasttofilluptothenextlineineachofthetesttubes. 5.Next,youaddyourindependentvariablestothetesttubeswhichinclude(dietcoke,brown sugar,artificialsugar,sugar,andsyrup). 6.Donotaddeachindependentvariableineachtesttube! 7.InonetesttubeaddthedietcokeANDthebrownsugar. 8.Inanothertesttubeaddjusttheregularsugar. 9.Inthenexttesttube,addthesyrup. 10.Onthelasttesttube,addsomebrownsugar. 11.Covertheopeningofeachtesttubewithaballoonandholdthecoverofthetubewithyour fingerandshakeit 12.Observeanychangesinthetesttubesandchangesintheballoonandiftheballoonsfillup withgas. 13.Recordallyourdatathechartbelow.

Recordanyresultsinthechart: After4Minutes TestTube1 Theballoonstoodup (Yeast,WarmWater, justalittle. PancakeSyrup) TestTube2 Theballoonstarted (Yeast,WarmWater, twitchingwhilejusta PureSugar) littleblownup. After8Minutes After12Minutes

Theballoonremained Theballoon thesame. expandedjustalittle more. Atfiveminutes,the balloonstoodup. Theballoon expandedandhada bowlingpinshape.

TestTube3 Theballoonstoodup. Theballoonremained Theballoonremained (Yeast,WarmWater, thesame. thesame. BrownSugar) TestTube4 Theballoon (Yeast,WarmWater, expandedalittle. DietCoke,Artificial Sugar) whyhavethisoneifthereisnodataforit?? Theballoon expandedandhada bowlingpinshape. Theballoonsbowling pinshapegrew larger.

Analysis: Intesttubeone,weputyeast,warmwater,andsyrupinthetubeandshookitup,thenaddedthe balloonontop.Afterfourminutes,theballoonblewupjustenoughtostandup.Wewaitedeight minutesandtheballoonstayedthesame.Twelveminuteslater,theballoonexpandedjustalittle more.Intesttubetwo,weputyeast,warmwater,sugar,andthenshookitup.Theballoon startedtwitchingatfourminutes,thenstoodupatfiveminutes.Aftertwelveminutes,theballoon expandedtolooklikeabowlingpin.Intesttubethree,weaddedbrownsugartotheyeastand warmwater.Afterfourminutes,theballoonblewupjustenoughtostandup.Theballoonstayed thesameanddidntchange,aftereightminutes.Testtubefourhadyeast,warmwater,diet Coke,andsugar.Afterfourminutes,theballoonexpandedjustalittle,thentookonabowlingpin shapeaftereightminutes.Onceat12minutes,theballoonsbowlingpinshapegrewlarger.All oftheseresultshappenedbecausetheyeastreactedwiththesugarandreleasedcarbon dioxide,whichcausedtheballoontoblowup.musttrytoexplainwhyallthedatahappenedthe wayitdid!!!goodstartinstatingwhathappenednowyoumustexplainwhyitallhappenedthe wayitdid Conclusion:Inthelabwediscoveredthatyeastwasalive.Whenourgroupputthepuresugar inwiththeyeastthebloomontopexpanded.Theballoonfilledwithcarbondioxidebecause whenanorganismbreathesnotgoodwordnotallthingsbreathetputsoutcarbondioxideina processcalledrespiration.Thislabcouldbeimprovedbyusingdifferenttypesofyeasttose whattypehadthebiggestreaction.Myteamfeltthatthiswasagreatwaytoseeifyeastwas alivebecausethelabwaswellconstructedanditwaseasytoseetheresults. missingafewpartsinconclusionalittleskimpy,and.. gradeA

Sources: http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/yeast.aspx http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeast http://www.breadworld.com/Science.aspx http://www.dakotayeast.com/yeast_history.html