Megacities: Los Angeles Established Megacity Home to 24 million people Second largest city in USA

Why did it grow? Railway in 1876 stimulated growth o 500,000 people within 40 years arriving Discovery of oil and Ford car plant and other industries opening Aircraft industry developed due to good weather Hollywood in 1920s Port city so useful for trade

Problems with growth Suburban sprawl due: o Development of transport o Congestion o Declining jobs o Crime o More land and housing available o Few planning restrictions o Increasing services Creates doughnut city as people leaving due to lack of jobs and businesses etc. Means more care needed in suburbs and more money to be spent Housing shortages due to migration Urban tension-ethnic differences (Compton-black ghetto) Massive energy use Transport- 10 million vehicles on road Waste- 50,000 tonnes of waste every day Water pressure- piped in from 3350km away Deindustrialisation so jobs lost

Sustainability Progressive Los Angeles Network (PLAN) Some proposals: Employers pay decent wages Provide community benefits like affordable housing Promotes clean fuel vehicles and green energy Improve public transport Increase urban parks Safe, walkable and bikeable neighbourhoods

Mumbai Consolidation megacity Home to 17 million people By 2020, estimated population of 26 million 60% in poverty Port city so good for trade Commercial capital for India o Provides 33% of India tax revenue o Bollywood o 40% of International flights to India go to Mumbai Experiences hyper-urbanisation o Urban population so rapid that city cant cope with peoples needs Experiences rural-urban migration o Push factors Drought and flooding Lack of services Lack of jobs Rural poverty Low wages o Pull factors Better housing, jobs Better quality of life Better services

Slum: Dharavi Situated between two main railway lines Land it occupies worth $10 billion Cheap accommodation to low skilled worker migrants 1 million live illegally there Most work informal and illegal Sustainable: o 80% of Mumbai waste recycled there o Recycling industry work $1.5 million a year o Employees almost 10,000 people o Aims to make everything useful and new Work like pottery and sewing popular

Vision Mumbai o o Tackle problems of slow economic growth and deteriorating quality of life. Some of its aims: o Improve transport and housing and reduce slum populations. o Improve infrastructure o Boost economic growth by creating 200,000 service sector jobs