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(((((These eBooks )ere Pre!are$ By Thousan$s of +olunteers2((((( Title3 The Story of "Mormonism" 4uthor3 James E. Talmage -elease %ate3 May, 5667 8EBook 9:;<6= 8'es, "e are more than one year ahea$ of sche$ule= 8This file "as first !oste$ on July 5;, 5665= E$ition3 /6 >anguage3 English haracter set enco$ing3 4S && ((( ST4-T ?* T.E P-?JE T G@TEABE-G EB??B, T.E ST?-' ?* "M?-M?A&SM" (((

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T.E P.&>?S?P.' ?* "M?-M?A&SM" By James E. Talmage, %. Sc., *. -. S. E.

P-E*4 E GThe Story of "Mormonism"G as !resente$ in the follo"ing !ages is a re#ise$ an$ reconstructe$ #ersion of lectures $eli#ere$ by %r. James E. Talmage at the @ni#ersity of Michigan, ornell @ni#ersity, an$ else"here. The "Story" first a!!eare$ in !rint as a lecture re!ort in the G&m!ro#ement EraG, an$ "as after"ar$ issue$ as a booklet from the office of the GMillennial StarG, >i#er!ool. &n /0/6 it "as issue$ in a re#ise$ form by the Bureau of &nformation at Salt >ake ity, in "hich e$ition the lecture style of $irect a$$ress "as change$ to the or$inary form of essay. The !resent or thir$ 4merican e$ition has been re#ise$ an$ am!lifie$ by the author. The "Story" has been translate$ an$ !ublishe$ abroa$. 4lrea$y #ersions ha#e a!!eare$ in S"e$ish, mo$ern Greek, an$ -ussian. The subject matter of GThe Philoso!hy of "Mormonism"G "as first !resente$ as a lecture $eli#ere$ by %r. Talmage before the Philoso!hical Society of %en#er. &t a!!eare$ later in the columns of the G&m!ro#ement EraG, an$ translations ha#e been !ublishe$ in !am!hlet form in the %anish an$ German languages. The !resent !ublication of these t"o !ro$uctions is ma$e in res!onse to a stea$y $eman$. T.E P@B>&S.E-S. Salt >ake ity, @tah, March, /0/7.

T.E ST?-' ?* "M?-M?A&SM"

.4PTE- & &n the min$s of many, !erha!s of the majority of !eo!le, the scene of the "Mormon" $rama is lai$ almost entirely in @tahH in$ee$, the terms "Mormon Iuestion" an$ "@tah Iuestion" ha#e been often use$ interchangeably. True it is, that the $e#elo!ment of "Mormonism" is closely associate$ "ith the history of the longJtime Territory an$ !resent State of @tahH but the origin of the system must be sought in regions far $istant from the !resent gatheringJ!lace of the >atterJ$ay Saints, an$ at a !erio$ ante$ating the acIuisition of @tah as a !art of our national $omain. The term "origin" is here use$ in its commonest a!!licationJJthat

of the first stages a!!arent to or$inary obser#ationJJthe #isible birth of the system. But a long, long !erio$ of !re!aration ha$ le$ to this !hysical coming forth of the "Mormon" religion, a !erio$ marke$ by a multitu$e of historical e#ents, some of them !rece$ing by centuries the earthly beginning of this mo$ern system of !ro!hetic trust. The "Mormon" !eo!le regar$ the establishment of their hurch as the culmination of a great series of notable e#ents. To them it is the result of causes unnumbere$ that ha#e o!erate$ through ages of human history, an$ they see in it the cause of many $e#elo!ments yet to a!!ear. This to them establishes an intimate relationshi! bet"een the e#ents of their o"n history an$ the !ro!hecies of ancient times. &n rea$ing the earliest !ages of "Mormon" history, "e are intro$uce$ to a man "hose name "ill e#er be !rominent in the story of the hurchJJthe foun$er of the organiKation by common usage of the term, the hea$ of the system as an earthly establishmentJJone "ho is acce!te$ by the hurch as an ambassa$or s!ecially commissione$ of Go$ to be the first re#elator of the latterJ$ay $is!ensation. This man is Jose!h Smith, commonly kno"n as the "Mormon" !ro!het. -arely in$ee$ $oes history !resent an organiKation, religious, social, or !olitical, in "hich an in$i#i$ual hol$s as cons!icuous an$ in all "ays as im!ortant a !lace as $oes this man in the $e#elo!ment of "Mormonism." The earnest in#estigator, the sincere truthJseeker, can ignore neither the man nor his "orkH for the hurch un$er consi$eration has risen from the testimony solemnly set forth an$ the startling $eclarations ma$e by this !erson, "ho, at the time of his earliest announcements, "as a farmerLs boy in the first half of his teens. &f his claims to or$ination un$er the han$s of $i#inely commissione$ messengers be fallacious, forming as they form the foun$ation of the hurch organiKation, the su!erstructure cannot stan$H if, on the other han$, such $eclarations be true, there is little cause to "on$er at the !henomenally ra!i$ rise an$ the sur!rising stability of the e$ifice so begun. Jose!h Smith "as born at Sharon, +ermont, in %ecember, /M6:. .e "as the son of in$ustrious !arents, "ho !ossesse$ strong religious ten$encies an$ tolerant natures. *or generations his ancestors ha$ been laborers, by occu!ation tillers of the soilH an$ though comfortable circumstances ha$ generally been their lot, re#erses an$ losses in the fatherLs house ha$ brought the family to !o#ertyH so that from his earliest $ays the la$ Jose!h "as ma$e acIuainte$ "ith the !leasures an$ !ains of har$ "ork. .e is $escribe$ as ha#ing been more than or$inarily stu$ious for his yearsH an$ "hen that !o"erful "a#e of religious agitation an$ sectarian re#i#al "hich characteriKe$ the first Iuarter of the last century, reache$ the home of the Smiths, Jose!h "ith others of the family "as !rofoun$ly affecte$. The househol$ became some"hat $i#i$e$ on the subject of religion, an$ some of the members i$entifie$ themsel#es "ith the more !o!ular sectsH but Jose!h, "hile fa#orably im!resse$ by the Metho$ists in com!arison "ith others, confesses that his min$ "as sorely trouble$ o#er the contem!lation of the strife an$ tumult e,isting among the religious bo$iesH an$ he hesitate$. .e trie$ in #ain to sol#e the mystery !resente$ to him in the "arring factions of "hat !rofesse$ to be the hurch of hrist. Surely, thought he, these

se#eral churches, o!!ose$ as they are to one another on "hat a!!ear to be the #ital !oints of religion, cannot all be right. )hile !uKKling o#er this anomaly he chance$ u!on this #erse in the e!istle of St. James3 "&f any of you lack "is$om, let him ask of Go$, that gi#eth to all men liberally, an$ u!brai$eth notH an$ it shall be gi#en him." &n common "ith so many others, the earnest youth foun$ here "ithin the scri!tures, a$monition an$ counsel as $irectly a!!licable to his case an$ circumstances as if the lines ha$ been a$$resse$ to him by name. 4 brief !erio$ of hesitation, in "hich he shrank from the thought that a mortal like himself, "eak, youthful, an$ unlearne$, shoul$ a!!roach the reator "ith a !ersonal reIuest, "as follo"e$ by a humble an$ contrite resolution to act u!on the counsel of the ancient a!ostle. The result, to "hich he bore solemn recor$ Ntestifying at first "ith the sim!licity an$ enthusiasm of youth, after"ar$ confirming the $eclaration "ith manhoo$Ls increasing !o"ers, an$ at last #oluntarily sealing the testimony "ith his lifeLs bloo$,O !ro#e$ most startling to the sectarian "orl$JJa "orl$ in "hich accor$ing to !o!ular belief no ne" re#elation of truth "as !ossible. &t is a sur!rising fact that "hile gro"th, !rogress, a$#ancement, $e#elo!ment of kno"n truths an$ the acIuisition of ne" ones, characteriKe e#ery li#ing science, the sectarian "orl$ has $eclare$ that nothing ne" must be e,!ecte$ as $irect re#elation from Go$. The testimony of this la$ is, that in res!onse to his su!!lication, $ra"n forth by the a$monition of an ins!ire$ a!ostle, he recei#e$ a $i#ine ministrationH hea#enly beings manifeste$ themsel#es to himJJt"o, clothe$ in !urity, an$ alike in form an$ feature. Pointing to the other, one sai$, "This is my belo#e$ Son, hear .im." &n ans"er to the la$Ls !rayer, the hea#enly !ersonage so $esignate$ informe$ Jose!h that the S!irit of Go$ $"elt not "ith "arring sects, "hich, "hile !rofessing a form of go$liness, $enie$ the !o"er thereof, an$ that he shoul$ join none of them. ?#erjoye$ at the glorious manifestation thus grante$ unto him, the boy !ro!het coul$ not "ithhol$ from relati#es an$ acIuaintances ti$ings of the hea#enly #ision. *rom the ministers, "ho ha$ been so energetic in their efforts to con#ert the boy, he recei#e$, to his sur!rise, abuse an$ ri$icule. "+isions an$ manifestations from Go$," sai$ they, "are of the !ast, an$ all such things cease$ "ith the a!ostles of ol$H the canon of scri!ture is fullH religion has reache$ its !erfection in !lan, an$, unlike all other systems contri#e$ or acce!te$ by human kin$, is inca!able of $e#elo!ment or gro"th. &t is true Go$ li#es, but .e cares not for .is chil$ren of mo$ern times as .e $i$ for those of ancient $aysH .e has shut .imself a"ay from the !eo!le, close$ the "in$o"s of hea#en, an$ has sus!en$e$ all $irect communication "ith the !eo!le of earth." The !ersecution thus originating "ith those "ho calle$ themsel#es ministers of the gos!el of hrist s!rea$ throughout the communityH an$ the sects that before coul$ not agree together nor abi$e in !eace, became as one in their efforts to o!!ose the youth "ho thus testifie$ of facts, "hich though #ehemently

$enounce$, !ro$uce$ an effect that alarme$ them the more. 4n$ such a s!ectacle has ofttimes !resente$ itself before the "orl$JJmen "ho cannot tolerate one another in !eace s"ear fi$elity an$ mutual su!!ort in strife "ith a common o!!onent. The im!ortance of this allege$ re#elation from the hea#ens to the earth is such as to $eman$ attenti#e consi$eration. &f a fact, it is a full contra$iction of the #ague theories that ha$ been increasing an$ accumulating for centuries, $enying !ersonality an$ !arts to %eity. &n /M56, there li#e$ one !erson "ho kne" that the "or$ of the reator, ">et us make man in our o"n image, after our likeness," ha$ a meaning more than in meta!hor. Jose!h Smith, the youthful !ro!het an$ re#elator of the nineteenth century, kne" that the Eternal *ather an$ the "ellJbelo#e$ Son, Jesus hrist, "ere in form an$ stature like unto !erfect menH an$ that the human family "as in #ery truth of $i#ine origin. But this "on$erful #ision "as not the only manifestation of hea#enly !o"er an$ !ersonality ma$e to the young man, nor the only inci$ent of the kin$ $estine$ to bring u!on him the fury of !ersecution. Sometime after this #isitation, "hich constitute$ him a li#ing "itness of Go$ unto men, an$ "hich $emonstrate$ the great fact that humanity is the chil$ of %eity, he "as #isite$ by an immortal !ersonage "ho announce$ himself as Moroni, a messenger sent from the !resence of Go$. The celestial #isitor state$ that through Jose!h as the earthly agent the >or$ "oul$ accom!lish a great "ork, an$ that the boy "oul$ come to be kno"n by goo$ an$ e#il re!ute amongst all nations. The angel then announce$ that an ancient recor$, engra#en on !lates of gol$, lay hi$$en in a hill near by, "hich recor$ ga#e a history of the nations that ha$ of ol$ inhabite$ the 4merican continent, an$ an account of the Sa#iorLs ministrations among them. .e further e,!laine$ that "ith the !lates "ere t"o sacre$ stones, kno"n as @rim an$ Thummim, by the use of "hich the >or$ "oul$ bring forth a translation of the ancient recor$. Jose!h further testifies that he "as tol$ that if he remaine$ faithful to his trust an$ the confi$ence re!ose$ in him, he "oul$ some $ay recei#e the recor$ into his kee!ing, an$ be commissione$ an$ em!o"ere$ to translate it. &n $ue time these !romises "ere literally fulfille$, an$ the mo$ern #ersion of these ancient "ritings "as gi#en to the "orl$. The recor$ !ro#e$ to be an account of certain colonies of immigrants to this hemis!here from the east, "ho came se#eral centuries before the hristian era. The !rinci!al com!any "as le$ by one >ehi, $escribe$ as a !ersonage of some im!ortance an$ "ealth, "ho ha$ formerly li#e$ at Jerusalem in the reign of Pe$ekiah, an$ "ho left his eastern home about ;66 B. . The book tells of the journeyings across the "ater in #essels constructe$ accor$ing to re#eale$ !lan, of the !eo!lesL lan$ing on the "estern shores of South 4merica !robably some"here in hile, of their !ros!erity an$ ra!i$ gro"th ami$ the bounteous elements of the ne" "orl$, of the increase of !ri$e an$ conseIuent $issension accom!anying the accumulation of material "ealth, an$ of the $i#ision of the !eo!le into factions "hich became later t"o great nations at enmity "ith one another. ?ne !art follo"ing Ae!hi, the youngest an$ most gifte$ son of >ehi, $esignate$ themsel#es GAe!hitesGH the other faction, le$ by >aman, the el$er an$ "icke$ brother of Ae!hi, "ere kno"n as G>amanitesG.

The Ae!hites li#e$ in cities, some of "hich attaine$ great siKe an$ "ere $istinguishe$ by great architectural beauty. ontinually a$#ancing north"ar$, these !eo!le in time occu!ie$ the greater !art of the #alleys of the ?rinoco, the 4maKon, an$ the Mag$alena. %uring the thousan$ years co#ere$ by the Ae!hite recor$, the !eo!le crosse$ the &sthmus of Panama, "hich is gra!hically $escribe$ as a neck of lan$ but a $ayLs journey from sea to sea, an$ successi#ely occu!ie$ e,tensi#e tracts in "hat is no" Me,ico, the #alley of the Mississi!!i, an$ the Eastern States. &t is not to be su!!ose$ that these #ast regions "ere all !o!ulate$ at any one time by the Ae!hitesH the !eo!le "ere continually mo#ing to esca!e the $e!re$ations of their here$itary foes, the >amanitesH an$ they aban$one$ in turn all their cities establishe$ along the course of migration. The un!reju$ice$ stu$ent sees in the $isco#eries of the ancient an$ no" forestJco#ere$ cities of Me,ico, entral 4merica, 'ucatan, an$ the northern regions of South 4merica, collateral testimony ha#ing a bearing u!on this history. Before their more !o"erful foes, the Ae!hites $"in$le$ an$ fle$H until about the year 766 4.%. they "ere entirely annihilate$ after a series of $ecisi#e battles, the last of "hich "as fought near the #ery hill, calle$ umorah, in the State of Ae" 'ork, "here the hi$$en recor$ "as subseIuently re#eale$ to Jose!h Smith. The >amanites le$ a ro#ing, aggressi#e lifeH ke!t fe" or no recor$s, an$ soon lost the art of history "riting. They li#e$ on the results of the chase an$ by !lun$er, $egenerating in habit until they became ty!ical !rogenitors of the $arkJskinne$ race, after"ar$ $isco#ere$ by olumbus an$ name$ 4merican &n$ians. The last "riter in the ancient recor$, an$ the one "ho hi$ a"ay the !lates in the hill umorah, "as MoroniJJthe same !ersonage "ho a!!eare$ as a resurrecte$ being in the nineteenth century, a $i#inely a!!ointe$ messenger sent to re#eal the $e!ository of the sacre$ $ocumentsH but the greater !art of the !lates since translate$ ha$ been engra#e$ by the father of Moroni, the Ae!hite !ro!het Mormon. This man, at once "arrior, !ro!het an$ historian, ha$ ma$e a transcri!t an$ com!ilation of the heterogeneous recor$s that ha$ accumulate$ $uring the trouble$ history of the Ae!hite nationH this com!ilation "as name$ on the !lates "The Book of Mormon," "hich name has been gi#en to the mo$ern translationJJa "ork that has alrea$y ma$e its "ay o#er most of the ci#iliKe$ "orl$. The translation an$ !ublication of the Book of Mormon "ere marke$ by many scenes of trouble an$ contention, but success atten$e$ the un$ertaking, an$ the first e$ition of the "ork a!!eare$ in !rint in /M<6. The Iuestion, ")hat is the Book of MormonQ"JJa #ery !ertinent one on the !art of e#ery earnest stu$ent an$ in#estigator of this !hase of 4merican historyJJhas been !artly ans"ere$ alrea$y. The "ork has been $erisi#ely calle$ the "Mormon Bible," a name that carries "ith it the misre!resentation that in the faith of this !eo!le the book takes the !lace of the scri!tural #olume "hich is uni#ersally acce!te$ by hristian sects. Ao $esignation coul$ be more mislea$ing, an$ in e#ery "ay more untruthful. The

>atterJ$ay Saints ha#e but one "Bible" an$ that the .oly Bible of hristen$om. They !lace it foremost amongst the stan$ar$ "orks of the hurchH they acce!t its a$monitions an$ its $octrines, an$ accor$ thereto a literal significanceH it is to them, an$ e#er has been, the "or$ of Go$, a com!ilation ma$e by human agency of "orks by #arious ins!ire$ "ritersH they acce!t its teachings in fulness, mo$ifying the meaning in no "ise, e,ce!t in the rare cases of un$oubte$ mistranslation, concerning "hich Biblical scholars of all faiths $iffer an$ criticiKeH an$ e#en in such cases their re#erence for the sacre$ letter ren$ers them e#en more conser#ati#e than the majority of Bible commentators an$ critics in !lacing free construction u!on the te,t. The historical !art of the Je"ish scri!tures tells of the $i#ine $ealings "ith the !eo!le of the eastern hemis!hereH the Book of Mormon recounts the mercies an$ ju$gments of Go$, the ins!ire$ teachings of .is !ro!hets, the rise an$ fall of .is !eo!le as organiKe$ communities on the "estern continent. The >atterJ$ay Saints belie#e the coming forth of the Book of Mormon to ha#e been foretol$ in the Bible, as its $estiny is !ro!hesie$ of "ithin its o"n li$sH it is to the !eo!le the true "stick of E!hraim" "hich EKekiel $eclare$ shoul$ become one "ith the "stick of Ju$ah"JJor the Bible. The !eo!le challenge the most critical com!arison bet"een this recor$ of the "est an$ the .oly Scri!tures of the east, feeling confi$ent that no $iscre!ancy e,ists in letter or s!irit. 4s to the original characters in "hich the recor$ "as engra#e$, co!ies "ere sho"n to learne$ linguists of the $ay an$ !ronounce$ by them as closely resembling the -eforme$ Egy!tian "riting. >et us re#ert, ho"e#er, to the facts of history concerning this ne" scri!ture, an$ the rece!tion accor$e$ the !rinte$ #olume. The Book of Mormon "as before the "orl$H the hurch circulate$ the "ork as freely as !ossible. The true account of its origin "as rejecte$ by the general !ublic, "ho thus, assume$ the res!onsibility of e,!laining in some !lausible "ay the source of the recor$. 4mong the many false theories !ro!oun$e$, !erha!s the most famous is the soJcalle$ S!aul$ing story. Solomon S!aul$ing, a clergyman of 4mity, Pennsyl#ania, $ie$ in /M/;. .e "rote a romance to "hich no name other than "Manuscri!t Story" "as gi#en, an$ "hich, but for the unauthoriKe$ use of the "riterLs name an$ the misre!resentation of his moti#es, "oul$ ne#er ha#e been !ublishe$. T"enty years after the authorLs $eath, one .urlburt, an a!ostate "Mormon," announce$ that he ha$ recogniKe$ a resemblance bet"een the "Manuscri!t Story" an$ the Book of Mormon, an$ e,!resse$ a belief that the "ork brought for"ar$ by Jose!h Smith "as nothing but the S!aul$ing romance re#ise$ an$ am!lifie$. The a!!arent cre$ibility of the statement "as increase$ by #arious signe$ $eclarations to the effect that the t"o "ere alike, though no e,tracts for com!arison "ere !resente$. But the "Manuscri!t Story" "as lost for a time, an$ in the absence of !roof to the contrary, re!orts of the !arallelism bet"een the t"o "orks multi!lie$. By a fortunate circumstance, in /MM7, Presi$ent James .. *airchil$, of ?berlin ollege, an$ a literary frien$ of hisJJa Mr. -iceJJ"hile e,amining a heterogeneous collection of ol$ !a!ers "hich ha$ been !urchase$ by the gentleman last name$, foun$ the original

manuscri!t of the "Story." 4fter a careful !erusal an$ com!arison "ith the Book of Mormon, Presi$ent *airchil$ $eclare$ in an article !ublishe$ in the Ae" 'ork G?bser#erG, *ebruary :, /MM:3 The theory of the origin of the Book of Mormon in the tra$itional manuscri!t of Solomon S!aul$ing "ill !robably ha#e to be relinIuishe$. ( ( ( Mr. -ice, myself, an$ others com!are$ it 8the S!aul$ing manuscri!t= "ith the Book of Mormon an$ coul$ $etect no resemblance bet"een the t"o, in general or in $etail. There seems to be no name nor inci$ent common to the t"o. The solemn style of the Book of Mormon in imitation of the English scri!tures $oes not a!!ear in the manuscri!t. ( ( ( Some other e,!lanation of the origin of the Book of Mormon must be foun$ if any e,!lanation is reIuire$. The manuscri!t "as $e!osite$ in the library of ?berlin ollege "here it no" re!oses. Still, the theory of the "Manuscri!t *oun$," as S!aul$ingLs story has come to be kno"n, is occasionally !resse$ into ser#ice in the cause of antiJ"Mormon" Keal, by some "hom "e "ill charitably belie#e to be ignorant of the facts set forth by Presi$ent *airchil$. 4 letter of more recent $ate, "ritten by that honorable gentleman in re!ly to an inIuiring corres!on$ent, "as !ublishe$ in the GMillennial StarG, >i#er!ool, Ao#ember <, /M0M, an$ is as follo"s3 ?BE->&A ?>>EGE, ?.&?, ?ctober /1, /M0:. J. -. .&A%>E', ESR., %ear Sir3 )e ha#e in our college library an original manuscri!t of Solomon S!aul$ingJJunIuestionably genuine. & foun$ it in /MM7 in the han$s of .on. >. >. -ice, of .onolulu, .a"aiian &slan$s. .e "as formerly state !rinter at olumbus, ?hio, an$ before that, !ublisher of a !a!er in Paines#ille, "hose !rece$ing !ublisher ha$ #isite$ Mrs. S!aul$ing an$ obtaine$ the manuscri!t from her. &t ha$ lain among his ol$ !a!ers forty years or more, an$ "as brought out by my asking him to look u! antiJsla#ery $ocuments among his !a!ers. The manuscri!t has u!on it the signatures of se#eral men of onneaught, ?hio, "ho ha$ hear$ S!aul$ing rea$ it an$ kne" it to be his. Ao one can see it an$ Iuestion its genuineness. The manuscri!t has been !rinte$ t"ice, at leastHJJonce by the Mormons of Salt >ake ity, an$ once by the Jose!hite Mormons of &o"a. The @tah Mormons obtaine$ the co!y of Mr. -ice, at .onolulu, an$ the Jose!hites got it of me after it came into my !ossession. This manuscri!t is not the original of the Book of

Mormon. 'ours #ery truly, J4MES .. *4&- .&>%. The "Manuscri!t Story" has been !ublishe$ in full, an$ com!arisons bet"een the same an$ the Book of Mormon may be ma$e by anyone "ho has a min$ to in#estigate the subject.8/= 8*ootnote /3 *or a fuller account of the Book of Mormon, see the authorLs "4rticles of *aith," >ectures /7 an$ /:H !ublishe$ at Salt >ake ity, @tah, /0/<.=

.4PTE- && But "e ha#e antici!ate$ the current of e#ents. )ith the !ublication of the Book of Mormon, o!!osition gre" more intense to"ar$ the !eo!le "ho !rofesse$ a belief in the testimony of Jose!h Smith. ?n the ;th of 4!ril, /M<6, the hurch of Jesus hrist of >atterJ$ay Saints "as formally organiKe$ an$ thus took on a legal e,istence. The scene of this organiKation "as *ayette, Ae" 'ork, an$ but si, !ersons "ere $irectly concerne$ as !artici!ants. 4t that time there may ha#e been an$ !robably "ere many times that number "ho ha$ !rofesse$ a$herence to the ne"ly restore$ faithH but as the reIuirements of the la" go#erning the formation of religious societies "ere satisfie$ by the a!!lication of si,, only the s!ecifie$ number formally took !art. Such "as the beginning of the hurch, soon to be so uni#ersally maligne$. &ts origin "as smallJJa germ, an insignificant see$, har$ly to be thought of as likely to arouse o!!osition. )hat "as there to fear in the #oluntary association of si, men, a#o"e$ly $e#ote$ to !eaceful !ursuits an$ bene#olent !ur!osesQ 'et a storm of !ersecution "as threatene$ from the earliest $ay. 4t first but a family affair, o!!osition to the "ork has in#ol#e$ successi#ely the to"n, the county, the state, the country, an$ to$ay the "Mormon" Iuestion has been accor$e$ e,ten$e$ consi$eration at the han$s of the national go#ernment, an$ in$ee$ most ci#iliKe$ nations ha#e taken cogniKance of the same. >et us obser#e the contrast bet"een the beginning an$ the !resent !ro!ortions of the hurch. &nstea$ of but si, regularly affiliate$ members, an$ at most t"o score of a$herents, the organiKation numbers to$ay many hun$re$ thousan$ souls. &n !lace of a single hamlet, in the smallest corner of "hich the members coul$ ha#e congregate$, there no" are about se#enty stakes of Pion an$ about se#en hun$re$ organiKe$ "ar$s, each "ar$ an$ stake "ith its full com!lement of officers an$ !riesthoo$ organiKations. The !ractise of gathering its !roselytes into one !lace !re#ents the buil$ing u! an$ strengthening of foreign branchesH an$ inasmuch as e,tensi#e an$ strong organiKations are sel$om met "ith abroa$, #ery erroneous i$eas e,ist concerning the strength of the hurch. Ae#ertheless, the mustar$ see$, among the smallest of all see$s, has attaine$ the !ro!ortions of a tree, an$ the bir$s of the air are nesting in its branchesH the acorn is no" an oak offering !rotection an$ the s"eets of satisfaction to e#ery earnest !ilgrim journeying its "ay for

truth. *rom the organiKation of the hurch, the s!irit of emigration reste$ u!on the !eo!le. Their eyes "ere from the first turne$ in antici!ation to"ar$ the e#ening sunJJnot merely that the "ork of !roselyting shoul$ be carrie$ on in the "est, but that the hea$Iuarters of the hurch shoul$ be there establishe$. The Book of Mormon ha$ taught the !eo!le the true origin an$ $estiny of the 4merican &n$iansH an$ to"ar$ this $arkJskinne$ remnant of a once mighty !eo!le, the missionaries of "Mormonism" early turne$ their eyes, an$ "ith their eyes "ent their hearts an$ their ho!es. )ithin three months from the beginning, the hurch ha$ missionaries among the >amanites. &t is notable that the &n$ian tribes ha#e generally regar$e$ the religion of the >atterJ$ay Saints "ith fa#or, seeing in the Book of Mormon striking agreement "ith their o"n tra$itions. The first "ellJestablishe$ seat of the hurch "as in the !retty little to"n of Birtlan$, ?hio, almost "ithin sight of >ake ErieH an$ here soon rose the first tem!le of mo$ern times. 4mong their many other !eculiarities, the >atterJ$ay Saints are characteriKe$ as a tem!leJbuil$ing !eo!le, as history !ro#es the &srael of ancient times to ha#e been. &n the $ays of their infancy as a hurch, "hile in the thrall of !o#erty, an$ ami$st the !ersecution an$ $ireful threats of la"less hor$es, they lai$ the cornerstone, an$ in less than three years thereafter they celebrate$ the $e$ication of the Birtlan$ Tem!le, a structure at once beautiful an$ im!osing. E#en before this time, ho"e#er, !o!ulous settlements of >atterJ$ay Saints ha$ been ma$e in Jackson ounty, MissouriH an$ in the to"n of &n$e!en$ence a site for a great tem!le ha$ been selecte$ an$ !urchase$H but though the groun$ has been $e$icate$ "ith solemn ceremony, the !eo!le ha#e not as yet built thereon. )ithin t"o years of its $e$ication, the tem!le in Birtlan$ "as aban$one$ by the !eo!le, "ho "ere com!elle$ to flee for their li#es before the onslaughts of mobocratsH but a secon$ tem!le, larger an$ more beautiful than the first, soon reare$ its s!ires in the city of Aau#oo, &llinois. This structure "as $estroye$ by fire, but the tem!leJbuil$ing s!irit "as not to be Iuenche$, an$ in the #ales of @tah to$ay are four magnificent tem!le e$ifices. The last com!lete$, "hich "as the first begun, is situate$ in Salt >ake ity, an$ is one of the "on$ers an$ beauties of that city by the great salt sea.85= 8*ootnote 53 *or a $etaile$ account of mo$ern tem!les, "ith numerous !ictorial #ie"s, see "The .ouse of the >or$," by the !resent authorH Salt >ake ity, @tah, /0/5.= To the fer#ent >atterJ$ay Saint, a tem!le is not sim!ly a church buil$ing, a house for religious assembly. &n$ee$ the "Mormon" tem!les are rarely use$ as !laces of general gatherings. They are in one sense e$ucational institutions, regular courses of lectures an$ instruction being maintaine$ in some of themH but they are s!ecifically for ba!tisms an$ or$inations, for sanctifying !rayer, an$ for the most sacre$ ceremonies an$ rites

of the hurch, !articularly in the #icarious "ork for the $ea$ "hich is a characteristic of "Mormon" faith. 4n$ "ho that has gaKe$ u!on these s!len$i$ shrines "ill say that the !eo!le "ho can $o so much in !o#erty an$ tribulation are insincereQ Bigote$ they may seem to those "ho belie#e not as they $oH fanatics they may be to multitu$es "ho like the !rou$ Pharisee of ol$ thank Go$ they are not as theseH but insincere they cannot be, e#en in the ju$gment of their bitterest o!!onent, if he be a creature of reason. The clou$s of !ersecution thickene$ in ?hio as the intolerant Keal of mobs foun$ freIuent e,!ressionH numerous charges, tri#ial an$ serious, "ere ma$e against the lea$ers of the hurch, an$ they "ere re!eate$ly brought before the courts, only to be liberate$ on the usual fin$ing of no cause for action. Mean"hile the march to the "est "as maintaine$. Soon thousan$s of con#erts ha$ rente$ or !urchase$ homes in MissouriJJ&n$e!en$ence, Jackson ounty, being their centerH but from the first, they "ere un!o!ular among the Missourians. Their system of eIual rights "ith their marke$ $isa!!ro#al of e#ery s!ecies of aristocratic se!aration an$ selfJaggran$iKement "as $eclare$ to be a s!ecies of communism, $angerous to the state. 4n inoffensi#e journalistic organ, GThe StarG, !ublishe$ for the !ur!ose of !ro!erly !resenting the religious tenets of the !eo!le, "as ma$e the !articular object of the mobLs rageH the house of its !ublisher "as raKe$ to the groun$, the !ress an$ ty!e "ere confiscate$, an$ the e$itor an$ his family maltreate$. 4n absur$ story "as circulate$ an$ took firm hol$ of the masses that the Book of Mormon !romise$ the "estern lan$s to the !eo!le of the hurch, an$ that they inten$e$ to take !ossession of these lan$s by force. Throughout the book of re#elations regar$e$ by the !eo!le as la" s!ecially $irecte$ to them, they are tol$ to sa#e their riches that they may !urchase the inheritance !romise$ them of Go$. E#ery"here are they tol$ to maintain !eaceH the s"or$ is ne#er offere$ as their symbol of conIuest. Their gathering is to be like that of the Je"s at JerusalemJJa !acific one, an$ in their taking !ossession of "hat they regar$ as a lan$ of !romise, no one !re#iously locate$ there shall be $enie$ his rights. 4 s!irit of fierce !ersecution rage$ in Jackson an$ surroun$ing counties of Missouri. 4n a!!eal "as ma$e to the e,ecuti#e of the state, but little encouragement "as returne$. The lieutenantJ go#ernor, >ilburn ). Boggs, after"ar$ go#ernor, "as a !ronounce$ "Mormon"Jhater, an$ throughout the !erio$ of the troubles, he manifeste$ sym!athy "ith the !ersecutors. ?ne of the circuit ju$ges "ho "as aske$ to issue a !eace "arrant refuse$ to $o so, but a$#ise$ the "Mormons" to arm themsel#es an$ meet the force of the outla"s "ith organiKe$ resistance. This a$#ice "as not !leasing to the >atterJ$ay Saints, "hose religion enjoine$ tolerance an$ !eaceH but they so far hee$e$ it as to arm a small forceH an$ "hen the outla"s ne,t came u!on them, the !eo!le "ere not entirely un!re!are$. 4 "Mormon" rebellion "as no" !roclaime$. The !eo!le ha$ been goa$e$ to $es!eration. The militia "as or$ere$ out, an$ the "Mormons" "ere $isarme$. The mob "as unrestraine$ in its eagerness for re#enge. The "Mormons" engage$ able la"yers to institute an$ maintain legal !rocee$ings against their foes, an$ this ste!, the right to "hich one "oul$

think coul$ be $enie$ no 4merican citiKen, calle$ forth such an u!roar of !o!ular "rath as to affect almost the entire state. &t "as "interH but the inclemency of the year only suite$ the better the !ur!ose of the o!!ressor. .omes "ere $estroye$, men torn from their families "ere brutally beaten, tarre$ an$ feathere$H "omen "ith babes in their arms "ere force$ to flee halfJcla$ into the solitu$e of the !rairie to esca!e from mobocratic #iolence. Their sufferings ha#e ne#er yet been fitly chronicle$ by human scribe. Making their "ay across the ri#er, most of the refugees foun$ shelter among the more hos!itable !eo!le of lay ounty, an$ after"ar$ establishe$ themsel#es in al$"ell ounty, therein foun$ing the city of *ar )est. ounty an$ state ju$ges, the go#ernor, an$ e#en the Presi$ent of the @nite$ States, "ere a!!eale$ to in turn for re$ress. The national e,ecuti#e, 4n$re" Jackson, "hile e,!ressing sym!athy for the !ersecute$ !eo!le, $e!lore$ his lack of !o"er to interfere "ith the a$ministration or nonJa$ministration of state la"sH the national officials coul$ $o nothingH the state officials "oul$ $o naught. But the e,!ulsion from Jackson ounty "as but a !relu$e to the trage$y soon to follo". 4 single scene of the bloo$y $rama is kno"n as the .aunLs Mill massacre. 4 small settlement ha$ been foun$e$ by "Mormon" families on Shoal reek, an$ here on the <6th of ?ctober, /M<M, a com!any of t"o hun$re$ an$ forty fell u!on the ha!less settlers an$ butchere$ a score. Ao res!ect "as !ai$ to age or se,H grey hea$s, an$ infant li!s that scarcely ha$ learne$ to lis! a "or$, #igorous manhoo$ an$ immature youth, mother an$ mai$en, fare$ alike in the scene of carnage, an$ their bo$ies "ere thro"n into an ol$ "ell. &n ?ctober, /M<M, the Go#ernor of Missouri, the same >ilburn ). Boggs, issue$ his infamous e,terminating or$er, an$ calle$ u!on the militia of the state to e,ecute it. The language of this $ocument, signe$ by the e,ecuti#e of a so#ereign state of the @nion, $eclare$ that the "Mormons" must be $ri#en from the state or e,terminate$. Be it sai$ to the honor of some of the officers entruste$ "ith the terrible commission, that "hen they learne$ its true significance they resigne$ their authority rather than ha#e anything to $o "ith "hat they $esignate$ a col$Jbloo$e$ butchery. But tools "ere not "anting, as in$ee$ they ne#er ha#e been, for mur$er an$ its kin$re$ outrages. )hat the heart of man can concei#e, the han$ of man "ill fin$ a "ay to e,ecute. The a"ful "ork "as carrie$ out "ith $rea$ $is!atch. ?h, "hat a recor$ to rea$H "hat a !icture to gaKe u!onH ho" a"ful the fact2 4n official e$ict offering e,!atriation or $eath to a !eaceable community "ith no crime !ro#e$ against them, an$ guilty of no offense other than that of choosing to $iffer in o!inion from the masses2 4merican school boys rea$ "ith emotions of horror of the 4lbigenses, $ri#en, beaten an$ kille$, "ith a !a!al legate $irecting the butcheryH an$ of the +au$ois, hunte$ an$ houn$e$ like beasts as the effect of a royal $ecreeH an$ they yet shall rea$ in the history of their o"n country of scenes as terrible as these in the e,hibition of injustice an$ inhuman hate. &n the $rea$ alternati#e offere$ them, the !eo!le $etermine$ again to aban$on their homesH but "hither shoul$ they goQ

4lrea$y they ha$ fle$ before the la"less o!!ressor o#er "ell nigh half a continentH alrea$y "ere they on the frontiers of the country that they ha$ regar$e$ as the lan$ of !romise$ liberty. Thus far e#ery mo#e ha$ carrie$ them "est"ar$, but farther "est they coul$ not go unless they "ent entirely beyon$ the country of their birth, an$ ga#e u! their ho!e of !rotection un$er the onstitution, "hich to them ha$ e#er been an ins!ire$ instrument, the majesty of "hich, as they ha$ ne#er $oubte$, "oul$ be some $ay #in$icate$, e#en to securing for them the rights of 4merican citiKens. This time their faces "ere turne$ to"ar$ the eastH an$ a host numbering from ten to t"el#e thousan$, inclu$ing many "omen an$ chil$ren, aban$one$ their homes an$ fle$ before their mur$erous !ursuers, re$$ening the sno" "ith bloo$y foot!rints as they journeye$. They crosse$ the Mississi!!i an$ sought !rotection on the soil of &llinois. There their sa$ con$ition e#oke$ for a time general commiseration. The !ress of the state $enounce$ the treatment of the !eo!le by the Missourians an$ #in$icate$ the character of the "Mormons" as !eaceable an$ la"Jabi$ing citiKens. ollege !rofessors !ublishe$ e,!ressions of their horror o#er the cruel crusa$eH state officials, inclu$ing e#en the go#ernor, ga#e substantial e#i$ence of their sym!athy an$ goo$ feeling. This lull in the storm of outrage that ha$ so long rage$ about them offere$ a strange contrast to their usual treatment. >et it not be thought that all the !eo!le of &llinois "ere their frien$sH from the first, o!!osition "as manifest, but their con$ition "as so greatly bettere$ that they might ha#e thought the a$#ent of their Pion to be near at han$. & state$ that !rofessional men, an$ e#en college !rofessors raise$ their #oices in commiseration of the "Mormon" situation an$ in $enouncing the "Mormon" o!!ressors. Prof. Turner of &llinois ollege "rote3 )ho began the IuarrelQ )as it the "MormonsQ" &s it not notorious on the contrary that they "ere hunte$ like "il$ beasts from county to county before they ma$e any resistanceQ %i$ they e#er, as a bo$y, refuse obe$ience to the la"s, "hen calle$ u!on to $o so, until $ri#en to $es!eration by re!eate$ threats an$ assaults by the mobQ %i$ the state e#er make one $ecent effort to $efen$ them as fello"JcitiKens in their rights or to re$ress their "rongsQ >et the con$uct of its go#ernors an$ attorneys an$ the fate of their final !etitions ans"er2 .a#e any "ho !lun$ere$ an$ o!enly insulte$ the "Mormons" e#er been brought to the !unishment $ue to their crimesQ >et boasting mur$erers of begging an$ hel!less infancy ans"er2 .as the state e#er remunerate$ e#en those kno"n to be innocent for the loss of either their !ro!erty or their armsQ %i$ either the !ul!it or the !ress through the state raise a note of remonstrance or alarmQ >et the clergymen "ho abette$ an$ the e$itors "ho encourage$ the mob ans"er2 4s a sam!le of the !ress comments against the brutality of the

Missourians & Iuote a !aragra!h from the Ruincy G4rgusG, March /;, /M<03 )e ha#e no language sufficiently strong for the e,!ression of our in$ignation an$ shame at the recent transaction in a sister state, an$ that state, Missouri, a state of "hich "e ha$ long been !rou$, alike for her men an$ history, but no" so fallen that "e coul$ "ish her star stricken from the bright constellation of the @nion. )e say "e kno" of no language sufficiently strong for the e,!ression of our shame an$ abhorrence of her recent con$uct. She has "ritten her o"n character in letters of bloo$, an$ staine$ it by acts of merciless cruelty an$ brutality that the "aters of ages cannot efface. &t "ill be obser#e$ that an organiKe$ mob, ai$e$ by many of the ci#il an$ military officers of Missouri, "ith Go#. Boggs at their hea$, ha#e been the !rominent actors in this business, incite$ too, it a!!ears, against the "Mormons" by !olitical hatre$, an$ by the a$$itional moti#es of !lun$er an$ re#enge. They ha#e but too "ell !ut in e,ecution their threats of e,termination an$ e,!ulsion, an$ fully "reake$ their #engeance on a bo$y of in$ustrious an$ enter!rising men, "ho ha$ ne#er "ronge$ nor "ishe$ to "rong them, but on the contrary ha$ e#er com!orte$ themsel#es as goo$ an$ honest citiKens, li#ing un$er the same la"s, an$ ha#ing the same right "ith themsel#es to the sacre$ immunities of life, liberty an$ !ro!erty.

.4PTE- &&& Settling in an$ about the obscure #illage of ommerce, the "Mormon" refugees soon $emonstrate$ ane" the mar#elous recu!erati#e !o"er "ith "hich they "ere en$o"e$, an$ a city seeme$ to s!ring from the earth. Aau#ooJJthe ity BeautifulJJ"as the name gi#en to this ne" abi$ing !lace. &t "as situate$ but a fe" miles from Ruincy, in a ben$ of the majestic ri#er, gi#ing the to"n three "ater fronts. &t seeme$ to nestle there as if the *ather of )aters "as encircling it "ith his mighty arm. Soon a glorious tem!le cro"ne$ the hill u! "hich the city ha$ run in its ra!i$ gro"th. Their settlements e,ten$e$ into &o"a, then a territory. The go#ernors of both &o"a an$ ?hio testifie$ to the "orthiness of the >atterJ$ay Saints as citiKens, an$ !le$ge$ them the !rotection of the common"ealth. The city of Aau#oo "as chartere$ by the state of &llinois, an$ the rights of local selfJgo#ernment "ere assure$ to its citiKens. 4 military organiKation, the "Aau#oo >egion," "as authoriKe$, an$ the establishment of a uni#ersity "as !ro#i$e$ forH both these organiKations "ere successfully effecte$. &t "as here that a memorial "as !re!are$ an$ sent to the national go#ernment, reciting the outrages of Missouri, an$ asking re!aration. Jose!h Smith himself, the hea$ of the $elegation, ha$ a !ersonal inter#ie" "ith Presi$ent +an Buren, in "hich the grie#ances of

the >atterJ$ay Saints "ere !resente$. +an Buren re!lie$ in "or$s that "ill not be forgotten, "'our cause is just, but & can $o nothing for you." The !eaceful con$itions at first characteristic of their &llinois settlement "ere not to continue. The element of !olitical influence asserte$ itself an$ the "Mormons" ba$e fair to soon hol$ the balance of !o"er in local affairs. The characteristic unity, so marke$ in connection "ith e#ery !hase of the !eo!leLs e,istence, !romise$ too muchH immigration into .ancock county "as continuous, an$ the gro"ing !o"er of the >atterJ$ay Saints "as #ie"e$ "ith a!!rehension. )ith this as the true moti#e, many !rete,ts for annoyance "ere foun$H an$ arrests, trials, an$ acIuittals "ere common e,!eriences of the hurch officers. 4 charge, "hich !romise$ to !ro#e as $e#oi$ of foun$ation as ha$ the e,cuses for the fifty arrests !rece$ing it, le$ Jose!h Smith, !resi$ent of the hurch, an$ .yrum Smith, the !atriarch, to again surren$er themsel#es to the officers of the la". They "ere taken to arthage, Jose!h ha#ing $eclare$ to frien$s his belief that he "as going to the slaughter. Go#ernor *or$ ga#e to the !risoners his !ersonal guarantee for their safetyH but mob #iolence "as su!reme, more mighty than the !o"er of the state militia !lace$ there to guar$ the !risonH an$ these men "ere shot to $eath, e#en "hile un$er the go#ernorLs !lighte$ !le$ge of !rotection. .yrum fell firstH an$ Jose!h, a!!earing at one of the "in$o"s in the secon$ story, recei#e$ the lea$en missiles of the besieging mob, "hich "as le$ by a recreant though !rofesse$ minister of the gos!el. But the brutish !assion of the mob "as not yet sate$H !ro!!ing the bo$y against a "ellJcurb in the jailJyar$, the mur$erers !oure$ a #olley of bullets into the cor!se, an$ fle$. Thus "as the unholy #o" of the mob fulfille$, that as la" coul$ not touch the "Mormon" lea$ers, !o"$er an$ ball shoul$. John Taylor, "ho became years after"ar$ !resi$ent of the hurch, "as in the jail at the same timeH he recei#e$ four bullets, an$ "as left su!!ose$ly $ea$. Jose!h Smith ha$ been more than the ecclesiastical lea$erH his !resence an$ !ersonality ha$ been e#er !o"erful as a stimulus to the hearts of the !eo!leH none kne" his !ersonal !o"er better than the members of his o"n flock, unless in$ee$ it "ere the "ol#es "ho "ere e#er seeking to harry the fol$. &t ha$ been the boast of antiJ"Mormons" that "ith Jose!h Smith remo#e$, the hurch "oul$ crumble to !ieces of itself. &n the !ersonality of their lea$er, it "as thought, lay the secret of the !eo!leLs strengthH an$ like the Philistines, the enemy struck at the su!!ose$ bon$ of !o"er. Terrible as "as the blo" of the fearful fatality, the hurch soon emerge$ from its $es!airing state of !oignant grief, an$ rose mightier than before. &t is the faith of this !eo!le that "hile the "ork of Go$ on earth is carrie$ on by men, yet mortals are but instruments in the reatorLs han$s for the accom!lishment of $i#ine !ur!oses. The $eath of the !resi$ent $isorganiKe$ the *irst Presi$ency of the hurchH but the official bo$y ne,t in authority, the ouncil of the T"el#e, ste!!e$ to the front, an$ the !rogress of the hurch "as unhin$ere$. The "ork of the ministry "as not arreste$H the !eo!le !ause$ but long enough to bury their $ea$ an$ clear their eyes from the blin$ing tears that fell.

>et us take a retros!ecti#e glance at this unusual man. Though his o!!onents $eny him the $i#ine commission "ith "hich his frien$s belie#e he "as charge$, they all, frien$s an$ foes alike, a$mit that he "as a great man. Through the testimony of his lifeLs "ork an$ the sanctifying seal of his martyr$om, thousan$s ha#e come to ackno"le$ge him all that he !rofesse$ to beJJa messenger from Go$ to the !eo!le. .e is not "ithout a$mirers among men "ho $eny the truth of his !rinci!les an$ the faith of his !eo!le. 4 historical "riter of the time, Josiah Ruincy, a fe" "eeks after the martyr$om, "rote3 &t is by no means im!robable that some future te,t book for the use of generations yet unborn, "ill contain a Iuestion something like this3 ")hat historical 4merican of the nineteenth century has e,erte$ the most !o"erful influence u!on the $estinies of his countrymenQ" 4n$ it is by no means im!ossible that the ans"er to that interrogatory may be thus "rittenJJ"Jose!h Smith, the Mormon Pro!het." 4n$ the re!ly, absur$ as it $oubtless seems to most men no" li#ing, may be an ob#ious common!lace to their $escen$ants. .istory $eals in sur!rises an$ !ara$o,es Iuite as startling as this. 4 man "ho establishe$ a religion in this age of free $ebate, "ho "as an$ is to$ay acce!te$ by hun$re$s of thousan$s as a $irect emissary from the Most .ighJJsuch a rare human being is not to be $is!ose$ of by !elting his memory "ith unsa#ory e!ithets. ( ( ( The most #ital Iuestions 4mericans are asking each other to$ay, ha#e to $eal "ith this man an$ "hat he has left us. ( ( ( Jose!h Smith, claiming to be an ins!ire$ teacher, face$ a$#ersity such as fe" men ha#e been calle$ to meet, enjoye$ a brief season of !ros!erity such as fe" men ha#e e#er attaine$, an$ finally ( ( ( "ent cheerfully to a martyrLs $eath. )hen he surren$ere$ his !erson to Go#ernor *or$, in or$er to !re#ent the she$$ing of bloo$, the Pro!het ha$ a !resentiment of "hat "as before him. "& am going like a lamb to the slaughter," he is re!orte$ to ha#e sai$, "but & am as calm as a summerLs morning. & ha#e a conscience #oi$ of offense, an$ shall $ie innocent." The "Mormon" !eo!le regar$e$ it as a $uty to make e#ery !ro!er effort to bring the !er!etrators of the foul assassination of their lea$ers to justiceH si,ty names "ere !resente$ to the local gran$ jury, an$ of the !ersons so $esignate$, nine "ere in$icte$. 4fter a farcical semblance of a trial, these "ere acIuitte$, an$ thus "as notice, sanctione$ by the constitute$ authority of the la", ser#e$ u!on all antiJ"Mormons" of &llinois, that they "ere safe in any assault they might choose to make on the subjects of their hate. The mob "as com!ose$ of a!t !u!ils in the learning of this lesson. Personal outrages "ere of e#eryJ$ay occurrenceH husban$men "ere ca!ture$ in their fiel$s, beaten, torture$, until they barely ha$ strength left to !romise com!liance "ith the $eman$s of their assailants,JJthat they "oul$ lea#e the state. .ouses "ere fire$ "hile the tenants "ere "ra!!e$ in uneasy

slumber "ithinH in$ee$, one entire to"n, that of Morley, "as by such incen$iarism re$uce$ to ashes. )omen an$ chil$ren "ere arouse$ in the night, an$ com!elle$ to flee uncla$ or !erish in their burning $"ellings. But "hat of the internal "ork of the hurch $uring these trying !erio$sQ 4s the "in$s of "inter, the storms of the yearLs $ee!est night, $o but har$en an$ strengthen the mountain !ine, "hose roots strike the $ee!er, "hose branches thicken, "hose t"igs multi!ly by the inclemency that "oul$ be fatal to the e,otic !alm, raise$ by man "ith hotJhouse nursing, so the ne" sect continue$ its gro"th, !artly in s!ite of, !artly because of, the storms to "hich it "as subjecte$. &t "as no greenJhouse gro"th, struggling for e,istence in a foreign clime, but a fit !lant for the soil of a free lan$H an$ there e,iste$ in the min$s of un!reju$ice$ obser#ers not a $oubt as to its #itality. The hurch soon foun$ its eIuilibrium again after the shock of its cruel e,!erience. Brigham 'oung, "ho for a $eca$e ha$ been i$entifie$ "ith the cause, "ho ha$ recei#e$ his full share of !ersecution at mobocratic han$s, no" stoo$ at the hea$ of the !resi$ing bo$y in the !riesthoo$ of the hurch. The effect of this manLs "on$erful !ersonality, his sur!rising natural ability, an$ to the !eo!le, the !roofs of his $i#ine acce!tance, "ere a!!arent from the first. Migration from other states an$ from foreign shores continue$ to s"ell the "Mormon" ban$, an$ this but angere$ the o!!ressors the more. The members of the hurch, recogniKing the ine#itable long before !re$icte$ by their mur$ere$ !ro!het, that the march of the hurch "oul$ be "est"ar$, re$ouble$ their efforts to com!lete the gran$ tem!le u!on "hich they ha$ not cease$ to "ork through all the storms of !ersecution. This structure, solemnly $e$icate$ to their Go$, they entere$, an$ there recei#e$ their anointings an$ their blessingsH then they aban$one$ it to the $esecration an$ selfJcon$emning outrages of their foes. *or the mobLs $ecree ha$ gone forth, that the "Mormons" must lea#e &llinois. 4fter a fe" sanguinary encounters, the lea$ers of the !eo!le acce$e$ to the $eman$s of their assailants, an$ agree$ to lea#e early in the follo"ing s!ringH but the $e!arture "as not s!ee$y enough to suit, an$ the la"less !ersecution "as "age$ the more ruthlessly. Soon the soil of &llinois "as free from "Mormon" trea$H Aau#oo "as $eserte$, her 56,666 inhabitants e,!atriate$. olonel Thomas >. Bane, a cons!icuous figure at this stage of our countryLs history, "as tra#eling east"ar$ at the time, an$ reache$ Aau#oo shortly after its e#acuation. &n a lecture before the .istorical Society of Pennsyl#ania, he relate$ his e,!erience in this sometime abo$e of the Saints. & !ara!hrase a !ortion of his eloIuent a$$ress. Sighting the city from the "estern shore of the mighty Mississi!!i, as it nestle$ in the ri#erLs encircling embrace, he crosse$ to its !rinci!al "harf, an$, there to his sur!rise, foun$ no soul to meet him. The stillness that e#ery"here !re#aile$ "as !ainful, broken only by an occasional faint echo of boisterous shout or ribal$ song from a $istance. The to"n "as in a $ream, an$ the "arrior tro$ lightly lest he "ake it in affright, for he !lainly sa" that it ha$ not slumbere$ long. Ao grass gre" in the

!a#ement jointsH recent foot!rints "ere still $istinct in the $usty thoroughfares. The #isitor ma$e his "ay unmoleste$ into "orkJsho!s an$ smithiesH tools lay as last use$H on the car!enterLs bench "as the unfinishe$ frame, on the floor "ere the sha#ings fresh an$ o$orousH the "oo$ "as !ile$ in rea$iness before the bakerLs o#enH the blacksmithLs forge "as col$, but the sho! looke$ as though the occu!ant ha$ just gone off for a holi$ay. The gallant sol$ier entere$ gar$ens unchallenge$ by o"ner, human guar$, or "atchful $ogH he might ha#e su!!ose$ the !eo!le hi$$en or $ea$ in their housesH but the $oors "ere not fastene$, an$ he entere$ to e,!lore, there "ere fresh ashes on the hearthH no great accumulation of the $ust of time "as on floors or furnitureH the a"ful Iuiet com!elle$ him to trea$ aJti!Jtoe as if threa$ing the aisles of an unoccu!ie$ cathe$ral. .e hastene$ to the gra#eyar$, though surely the city ha$ not been $e!o!ulate$ by !estilence. AoH there "ere a fe" stones ne"ly set, some so$s freshly turne$ in this sacre$ acre of Go$, but "here can you fin$ a cemetery of a li#ing to"n "ith no such e#i$ence of recent intermentQ There "ere fiel$s of hea#y grain, the bounteous har#est rotting on the groun$H there "ere orchar$s $ro!!ing their rich an$ rosy fruit to s!oil beneathH not a han$ to gather or sa#e. But in a suburban corner, he came across the smol$ering embers of a barbecue fire, "ith fragments of flesh an$ other remnants of a feast. .ereabout houses ha$ been $emolishe$H an$ there beyon$, aroun$ the great tem!le that ha$ first attracte$ his attention from the &o"a shore, arme$ men "ere bi#ouacke$. This "orthy re!resentati#e of our countryLs ser#ice "as challenge$ by the $runken cro"$, an$ ma$e to gi#e an account of himself, an$ to ans"er for ha#ing crosse$ the ri#er "ithout a !ermit from the hea$ of the ban$. *in$ing that he "as a stranger, they relate$ to him in fien$ish glee their recent e,!loits of !illage, ra!ine, an$ mur$er. They con$ucte$ him through the tem!leH e#ery"here "ere marks of their brutish actsH its altars of !rayer "ere brokenH the ba!tismal font ha$ been so "$iligently $esecrate$ as to ren$er the a!artment in "hich it "as containe$ too noisome to abi$e in." There in the stee!le close by the "scar of $i#ine "rath" left by a recent thun$erbolt, "ere broken co#ers of liIuor an$ $rinking #essels. Sickene$ "ith the sight, $isguste$ "ith this s!ectacle of outrage, the colonel recrosse$ the ri#er at nightfall, beating u!"ar$, for the "in$ ha$ freshene$. 4ttracte$ by a faint light near the bank, he a!!roache$ the s!ot, there to fin$ a fe" haggar$ faces surroun$ing one "ho seeme$ to be in the last stages of fe#er. The sufferer "as !artially !rotecte$ by something like a tent ma$e from a cou!le of be$ sheetsH an$ ami$ such en#ironment, the s!irit "as !luming itself for flight. Making his "ay through this cam! of misery, he hear$ the sobbings of chil$ren hungry an$ sickH there "ere men an$ "omen $ying from "oun$s or $isease, "ithout a semblance of shelter or other !hysical comfortH "i#es in the !angs of maternity, ushering into the "orl$ innocent babes $oome$ to be motherless from their birth. 4n$ at inter#als, to the ears of those outcasts, the sick an$ the $ying, the "in$ brought the soulJ!iercing soun$s of the re#eling mob in the $istant city, the scra! of #ulgar song, the shocking oath, shrieke$ from the tem!le to"er in the ma$ness of

$runken orgies. This, ho"e#er, "as but the rear remnant of theL e,!atriate$ hristian ban$. The #an "as alrea$y far on its "ay to"ar$ the in#iting "il$erness of the all but unkno"n "est. But the "an$erers "ere not "holly "ithout frien$sH certain &n$ian tribes, the ?mahas an$ the Pota"atomis, "elcome$ them to their lan$s, in#iting them to cam! "ithin their territory $uring the coming "inter. ")elcome," sai$ these chil$ren of the forest, ""e too ha#e been $ri#en from our !leasant homes east of the great ri#er, to these $am! an$ unhealthful bottomsH you no", "hite men, ha#e been $ri#en forth to the !rairiesH "e are fello"Jsufferers. )elcome, brothers." &n return much assistance "as ren$ere$ by the "hite refugees to their, shall & say sa#age frien$sQ &f it "as ci#iliKation the "an$erers ha$ left, then in$ee$ might the re$ men of the forest ha#e felt !rou$ of their $istinction. But the &n$ian agent, a hristian gentleman, or$ere$ the "Mormons" to mo#e on an$ lea#e the reser#ation "hich a kin$ go#ernment ha$ !ro#i$e$ for its re$ chil$ren. 4n or$er from Presi$ent Polk, "ho ha$ been a!!eale$ to by olonel Bane, ga#e the !eo!le !ermission to remain for a short season. The go#ernment of &o"a ha$ courteously assure$ them !rotection "hile !assing through that territory. 4s soon as the !eo!le "ere "ell un$er "ay, a thorough organiKation "as effecte$. -emembering the toilsome $esert march from Egy!t to anaan, the !eo!le assume$ the name, " am! of &srael." The cam! consiste$ of t"o main $i#isions, an$ each "as subJ$i#i$e$ into com!anies of hun$re$s, fifties, an$ tens, "ith ca!tains to $irect. 4n officer "ith one hun$re$ #olunteers "ent ahea$ of the main bo$y to select a route an$ !re!are a roa$. 4t this time, there "ere o#er one thousan$ "agons of the "Mormons" rolling "est"ar$, an$ the line of march soon reache$ from the Mississi!!i to ouncil Bluffs. There "ere in the com!any not half enough $raft animals for the ar$uous march, an$ but an insufficient number of ableJbo$ie$ men to ten$ the cam!s. The "omen ha$ to assist in $ri#ing teams an$ stock, an$ in other labors of the journey. 'et "ith their characteristic cheerfulness the !eo!le ma$e the best, an$ that !ro#e$ to be a great $eal, out of their lot. )hen the cam! halte$, a city seeme$ to s!ring as if by magic from the !rairie soil. oncerts an$ social gatherings "ere usual features of the e#ening rests. But another great e#ent $isturbe$ the eIuanimity of the cam!. )ar ha$ broken out bet"een Me,ico an$ the @nite$ States. General TaylorLs #ictories in the early stages of the strife ha$ been all but $ecisi#e, but the -e!ublic "as on march to the "estern ocean an$ the !ro#inces of Ae" Me,ico an$ alifornia "ere in her !ath. These t"o !ro#inces com!rise$ in a$$ition to the territory no" $esignate$ by those names, @tah, Ae#a$a, !ortions of )yoming an$ olora$o, as also 4riKonaH "hile ?regon, then claime$ by Great Britain, inclu$e$ )ashington, &$aho, an$ !ortions of Montana an$ )yoming. &t "as the !lan of the national a$ministration to occu!y these !ro#inces at the earliest moment !ossibleH an$ a call "as ma$e u!on the "Mormon" refugees to contribute to the general force by furnishing a battalion of fi#e hun$re$ men to take !art in the "ar "ith Me,ico. The sur!rise "hich the message of the go#ernment officer !ro$uce$ in the cam! amounte$ almost to

$ismay. *i#e hun$re$ men fit to bear arms to be $rafte$ from that cam!2 )hat "oul$ become of the restQ 4lrea$y "omen an$ boys ha$ been !resse$ into ser#ice to $o the "ork of menH alrea$y the sick an$ the halt ha$ been neglecte$H an$ many gra#es marke$ the !ath they ha$ tra#erse$, "hose tenants ha$ !asse$ to their last slee! through lack of care. But ho" long $i$ they hesitateQ Scarcely an hourH it "as the call of their country. True, they "ere e#en then lea#ing the national soil, but not of their o"n "ill. To them their country "as an$ is the !romise$ lan$, the >or$Ls chosen !lace, the lan$ of Pion. "'ou shall ha#e your battalion," sai$ Brigham 'oung to a!tain 4llen, the muster officer, "an$ if there are not young men enough, "e "ill take the ol$ men, an$ if they are not enough, "e "ill take the "omen." )ithin a "eek from the time Presi$ent PolkLs message "as recei#e$, the entire force, in all fi#e hun$re$ an$ fortyJnine souls, "as on the march to *ort >ea#en"orth. Their !ath from the Missouri to the Pacific le$ them o#er t"o thousan$ miles, much of this $istance being measure$ through $eserts, "hich !rior to that time ha$ not been tro$$en by ci#iliKe$ foot. olonel ooke, the comman$er of the "Mormon" Battalion, $eclare$, ".istory may be searche$ in #ain for an eIual march of infantry." Many "ere $isable$ through the se#erity of the march, an$ numerous cases of sickness an$ $eath "ere chronicle$. General Bearney an$ his successor, Go#ernor -. B. Mason, as military comman$ants of alifornia, s!oke in high !raise of this organiKation, an$ in their official re!orts $eclare$ that they ha$ ma$e efforts to !rolong the battalionLs term of ser#iceH but most of the men chose to rejoin their families as soon as they coul$ secure their honorable $ischarge. But to return to the am! of &srael3 4 !ioneer !arty, consisting of a hun$re$ an$ forty an$ four, !rece$e$ the main bo$yH an$ the line of the migrating hosts soon stretche$ from the Missouri to the #alley of the Great Salt >ake. )agons there "ere, as also some horses an$ men, but all too fe" for the journeyH an$ a great !art of the com!any "alke$ the full thousan$ miles across the great !lains an$ the forbi$$ing $eserts of the "est. &n the Black .ills region, the !ioneers "ere $elaye$ a "eek at the Platte, a stream, "hich, though usually for$able at this !oint "as no" so s"ollen as to make for$ing im!ossible. .ere, too, their !ro#isions "ere "ell nigh e,hauste$. Game ha$ not been !lentiful, an$ the "Mormon" !ioneers "ere threatene$ "ith the $irest !ri#ations. &n their slo" march they ha$ been !asse$ by a number of "ellJeIui!!e$ !arties, some of them from Missouri boun$ for the PacificH but most of these "ere o#ertaken on the easterly si$e of the ri#er. 4mongst the effects of the "Mormon" !arty "as a leathern boat, "hich on "ater ser#e$ the legitimate !ur!ose of its maker an$ on lan$ "as ma$e to $o ser#ice as a "agon bo,. This, together "ith rafts s!ecially constructe$, "as no" !ut to goo$ use in ferrying across the ri#er not alone themsel#es an$ their little !ro!erty, but the other com!anies an$ their loa$s. *or this ser#ice they "ere "ell !ai$ in cam! !ro#isions. Thus, the e,!atriate$ !ioneers foun$ themsel#es relie#e$ from "ant "ith their meal sacks re!lenishe$ in the heart of the

"il$erness. Many may call it su!erstition, but some "ill regar$ it as $i$ the thankful tra#elersJJan inter!osition of Pro#i$ence, an$ an ans"er to their !rayersJJan e#ent to be com!are$, they sai$, to the fee$ing of &srael "ith manna in the "il$erness of ol$. 4fter o#er three monthsL journeying, the !ioneer com!any reache$ the #alley of the Great Salt >akeH an$ at the first sight of it, Brigham 'oung $eclare$ it to be the halting !laceJJthe gathering center for the Saints. But "hat "as there in#iting in this "il$erness s!rea$ out like a scroll barren of in#iting message, an$ em!ty but for the !icture it !resente$ of "on$rous scenic gran$eurQ >ooking from the )asatch barrier, the colonists gaKe$ u!on a scene of entrancing though forbi$$ing beauty. 4 barren, ari$ !lain, rimme$ by mountains like a literal basin, still occu!ie$ in its lo"est !arts by the $regs of "hat ha$ once fille$ it to the brimH no green mea$o"s, not a tree "orthy the name, scarce a !atch of greens"ar$ to entice the a$#enturous "an$erers into the #alley. The slo!es "ere co#ere$ "ith sagebrush, relie#e$ by !atches of cha!arral oak an$ sIua"JbushH the "il$ sunflo"er lent its gol$en hue to intensify the shar! contrasts. ?ff to the "est"ar$ lay the lake, making an im!ressi#e, unin#iting !icture in its se#ere, unli#ing beautyH from its blue "astes somber !eaks rose as !reci!itous islan$s, an$ about the shores of this $ea$ sea "ere saline flats that tol$ of the scorching heat an$ thirsty atmos!here of this !arche$ region. 4 turbi$ ri#er ran from south to north ath"art the #alley, "$i#i$ing it in t"ain," as a historian of the $ay has "ritten, "as if the #ast bo"l in the intense heat of the Master PotterLs fires, in !rocess of formation ha$ cracke$ asun$er." Small streams of "ater starte$ in ri!!ling haste from the sno"Jca!s of the mountains to"ar$ the lake, but most of them "ere $e#oure$ by the thirsty san$s of the #alley before their journey "as half com!lete$. Such "as the scene of $esolation that greete$ the !ioneer ban$. 4 more forsaken s!ot they ha$ not !asse$ in all their "an$erings. 4n$ is this the !romise$ lan$Q This is the #ery !lace of "hich Bri$ger s!ake "hen he !roffere$ a thousan$ $ollars in gol$ for the first bushel of grain that coul$ be raise$ here. )ith such a anaan s!rea$ out before them, "as it not "holly !ar$onable if some $i$ sigh "ith longing for the leeks an$ fleshJ!ots of the Egy!t they ha$ left, or "ishe$ to !ass by this lan$ an$ seek a fairer homeQ T"o of the three "omen "ho belonge$ to the !arty "ere utterly $isa!!ointe$. ")eak, "orn, an$ "eary as & am," sai$ one of these heroines, "& "oul$ rather !ush on another thousan$ miles than stay here." But the #oice of their lea$er "as hear$. "The #ery !lace," sai$ Brigham 'oung, an$ in his !ro!hetic min$ there rose a #ision of "hat "as to come. Aot for a moment $i$ he $oubt the future. .e sa" a multitu$e of to"ns an$ cities, hamlets an$ #illas filling this an$ neighboring #alleys, "ith the fairest of all, a city "hose beauty of situation, "hose "ealth of resource shoul$ become kno"n throughout the "orl$, rising from the most ari$ site of the burning $esert before him, har$ by the barren salt shores of the "atery "aste. There in the #ery heart of the !arche$ "il$erness shoul$ stan$ the .ouse of the >or$, "ith other tem!les in #alleys

beyon$ the horiKon of his gaKe. )ithin a fe" hours after the arri#al of the #anguar$ u!on the banks of "hat is no" kno"n as ity reekJJthe mountain stream "hich to$ay furnishes Salt >ake ity !art of her "ater su!!lyJJ!lo"s "ere !ut to "orkH but the har$Jbake$ soil, ne#er before $isturbe$ by the efforts of man to till, refuse$ to yiel$ to the share. 4 $am "as thro"n across the stream an$ the softening liIui$ "as s!rea$ u!on the flat that ha$ been chosen for the first fiel$s. The !lanting season ha$ alrea$y "ell nigh !asse$, an$ not a $ay coul$ be lost. Potatoes an$ other see$ "ere !ut in, an$ the lan$ "as again floo$e$. Such "as the beginning of the irrigation system, "hich soon became coJe,tensi#e "ith the area occu!ie$ by the "Mormon" settlers, a system "hich un$er the blessing of Pro#i$ence, has !ro#e$ to be the #eritable magic touch by "hich the $esert has been ma$e a fiel$ of richness an$ a gar$en of beautyH a system "hich no" after many $eca$es of successful trial is hel$ u! by the nationLs "ise an$ great ones to be the one !racticable metho$ of reclaiming our countryLs #ast $omains of ari$ lan$s. &t "as on the 57th of July, /M71, that the main !art of the !ioneer ban$ entere$ the #alley of the Great Salt >ake, an$ that $ay of the year is obser#e$ as a legal holi$ay in @tah. *rom that time to the !resent, the stream of immigration to these #alleys has ne#er cease$.

.4PTE- &+ The $angers of the first com!anyLs migration "ere sur!asse$ by those of !arties "ho subseIuently bra#e$ the terrors of the !lains. &n their enthusiasm to reach the gathering !lace of their !eo!le, many of the >atterJ$ay Saints set out from &o"a, "here rail"ay facilities ha$ their termination, "ith han$Jcarts only as a means of con#eyance. To$ay there are li#ing in the smiling #ales of @tah, men an$ "omen "ho then as boys an$ girls tru$ge$ "earily across the !rairies, $ragging the lumbering carts that containe$ their entire !ro#ision against star#ation an$ freeKing. Such han$cart com!anies "ere organiKe$ "ith careH a limite$ amount of freight "as allo"e$ to each $i#isionH milch cattle an$ a #ery fe" $raftJanimals, "ith "agons for con#eying the hea#ier baggage an$ to carry the sick, "ere assigne$. The tale of those $reary marches has ne#er yet been tol$H the song of the heroism an$ sacrifice $is!laye$ by these !ilgrims for conscience sake is a"aiting a singer "orthy the theme. )a$ing the streams "ith carts in to", or in cases of unfor$able streams, sto!!ing to construct raftsH at times li#ing on re$uce$ rations of but a fe" ounces of meal !er $ayH lying $o"n at night "ith a !rayer in the heart that they "ake no more on earth, a !rayer "hich ha$ its fulfilment in hun$re$s of casesH the $ying hea#ing their !arting sighs in the arms of lo#e$ ones "ho "ere soon to follo", they journeye$ on. The ine#itable catastro!hes an$ acci$ents of tra#el robbe$ them of their substance. .ostile sa#ages stam!e$e$ their cattle, or o!enly attacke$ an$ !lun$ere$ the trains. But on they "ent, ne#er s"er#ing from the course. These later com!anies nee$e$ no

chart nor com!ass to gui$e them o#er the $esertH the roa$ "as !lain from the marks of former cam!s, an$ yet more so from the gra#es of frien$s an$ lo#e$ ones "ho ha$ starte$ before on the roa$ to the earthly Pion an$ foun$ that it le$ them to the martyrLs entrance to hea#en, gra#es that "ere marke$ !erha!s but by a ru$e inscri!tion cut on a !ole or a boar$. 4n$ e#en these narro" lo$gings ha$ not been left in#iolateH the "ol#es of the !lains ha$ too often succee$e$ in unearthing an$ ren$ing the bo$ies. E#ery com!any thus ma$e the course the !lainerH each of them a$$e$ to the silent !o!ulation of the $esertH sometimes half a score "ere interre$ at one cam!, an$ of one com!any o#er a fourth "ere thus left besi$e the !rairie roa$. Ao" "e tra#erse the selfJsame track in a $ay an$ a night, reclining on lu,urious cushions of ease, co#ering fifty miles "hile $ining in lu,uryH an$ "e a#ert the ennui of the journey by berating the rail"ay com!any for lack of s!ee$. -elief trains "ere continually on the "ay bet"een the #alley of the Salt >ake an$ the MissouriH an$ the remnants of many a com!any "ere sa#e$ from "hat a!!eare$ to be certain $estruction by the o!!ortune arri#al of these rescuing !arties. Such relief came from those "ho "ere themsel#es $estitute an$ almost star#ing. Brigham 'oung "ith a fe" of the chief officials of the hurch, an$ ai$s, returne$ east"ar$ on such an erran$ of rescue "ithin a fe" "eeks after first reaching the #alley. The region to "hich the early settlers came "as in no "ise a ty!ical lan$ of !romiseH it $i$ not flo" s!ontaneously "ith milk an$ honey. %rought an$ unseasonable frosts ma$e the first yearLs farming e,!eriments but $oubtful successes, an$ in the succee$ing s!ring the lan$ "as #isite$ by the $e#astating !lague of the -ocky Mountain crickets. They s"arme$ $o"n in innumerable hor$es u!on the fiel$s, $estroying the gro"ing cro!s as they a$#ance$, $e#ouring all before them, lea#ing the lan$ a $esert in their track. The !eo!le scarcely kne" ho" to "ithstan$ the assault of this ne" foeH they $ro#e the marau$ers into trenches there to be $ro"ne$ or burne$H men, "omen an$ e#ery chil$ that coul$ s"ing a stick, "ere calle$ to the ranks in this insect "arH an$ "ith all their fighting, the !eo!le forgot not to !ray for $eli#erance, an$ they faste$, too, for the best of reasons. 4n$ as they "atche$, an$ !raye$, an$ "orke$, they sa" a!!roaching from the north an$ "est a #eritable host of "inge$ creatures of more formi$able !ro!ortions stillH an$ these bore $o"n u!on the fiel$s as though coming to com!lete the $e#astation. But see2 these are of the color that betokens !eaceH they are the gulls, "hite an$ beautiful, a$#ancing u!on the hosts of the black $estroyers. *alling u!on the !eo!leLs foes, they $e#oure$ them by the thousan$, an$ "hen fille$ to re!letion, $isgorge$ an$ feaste$ again. 4n$ they $i$ not sto! till the crickets "ere $estroye$. 4gain the ske!tic "ill say this "as but chanceH but the !eo!le acce!te$ that chance as a !ro#i$ential ruling in their behalf, an$ re#erently $i$ they gi#e thanks. To$ay the "anton killing of a gull in @tah is an offense in la"H but stronger than legal !roscri!tion, more !o"erful than fear of ju$icial !enalties, is the !o!ular sentiment in fa#or of these "hiteJ"inge$ $eli#erers. E#ery year come these graceful

creatures to s!en$ the s!ringtime in the fiel$s an$ u!on the lakes of @tahH an$ right "ell $o they feel their "elcome, for they are habitually so tame an$ fearless that they may almost be touche$ by the han$ before they take flight. By the autumn of /M7M, fi#e thousan$ !eo!le ha$ alrea$y reache$ the #alley, an$ the foo$ !roblem "as a most $ifficult one. The "inter "as se#ereH an$ famine, stark an$ ine,orable, thre" its $rea$ sha$o" o#er the !eo!le. There seeme$ to be an entry in the book of fate that e#ery !ossible test of human en$urance an$ integrity shoul$ be a!!lie$ to this !ilgrim ban$. )ithout $istinction as to former station, they "ent out an$ $ug the roots of "ee$s, gathere$ the ten$erest of the coarse grass, thistles, an$ "il$ berries, an$ thus $i$ they subsistH u!on such $i$ they feast "ith thanksgi#ing, until a less scanty har#est relie#e$ their "ants. &t "as at this time that the gol$ fe#er "as at its height, a conseIuence of the $isco#ery of the !recious metal in alifornia, in "hich $isco#ery, in$ee$, certain members of the $isban$e$ "Mormon" Battalion, "orking their "ay east"ar$, "ere most !rominent. Some of the "Mormon" settlers, becoming infecte$ "ith the mala$y, hastene$ "est"ar$, but the counsel of the hurch authorities !re#aile$ to kee! all but a fe" at home. These !eo!le ha$ not left the country of their birth or a$o!tion to seek gol$H nor bright je"els of the mineH nor the "ealth of seasH nor the s!oils of "arH they sought an$ belie#e$ they ha$ foun$, a faithLs !ure shrine. But the gol$Jseekers hastening "est"ar$, an$ the successful miners returning east"ar$, halte$ at the "Mormon" settlements an$ there re!lenishe$ their su!!lies, lea#ing their gol$ to enrich the !eo!le of the $esert. But of "hat use is gol$ in the "il$erness2 &n the ol$ legen$ a famishing 4rab, fin$ing a "ell fille$ bag u!on the san$ "as thrille$ "ith joy at the thought of $atesJJhis brea$H an$ then "as cast into the $e!ths of $es!air "hen he realiKe$ that he ha$ foun$ nothing but a bag of costly !earls. The settlers by the lake nee$e$ horses an$ "agons, tools, im!lements of husban$ry an$ buil$ingH an$ gol$ "as #aluable only as it re!resente$ a means of obtaining these. Gol$ became so !lentiful an$ "as "ithal so "orthless in the $esert colony that men refuse$ to take it for their labor. The yello" metal "as collecte$ in buckets an$ e,!orte$ to the States in e,change for the goo$s so much $esire$. Merchan$ise brought in by cara#ans of "!rairie schooners," "as sol$ as fast as it coul$ be !ut outH an$ strict rules "ere enforce$ allo"ing but a !ro!ortionate amount to each !urchaser. )ithin a fe" months after the first settlement of @tah, !ublic schools "ere establishe$H an$ one of the early acts of the !ro#isional go#ernment "as to grant a charter to the %eseret @ni#ersity, no" kno"n as the @ni#ersity of @tah. @! to /M70, @tah ha$ no !olitical history. Settling in a Me,ican !ro#ince, the contest to $etermine its future o"nershi! by the @nite$ States then in !rogress, the !eo!le in common "ith most !ioneer communities establishe$ their o"n form of go#ernment. But in *ebruary, /M7M, the treaty of Gua$elou!e .i$algo ga#e alifornia to the @nite$ StatesH months !asse$, ho"e#er, before

the ne"s of the change reache$ the "est. Early in /M70, a call ha$ been issue$ to "all the citiKens of that !ortion of @!!er alifornia lying to the east of the Sierra Ae#a$a mountains" to meet in con#ention at Great Salt >ake ityH an$ there a !etition "as !re!are$ asking of ongress the rights of selfJgo#ernmentH an$ !en$ing action, a tem!orary regime "as establishe$, un$er the name of the Pro#isional Go#ernment of the State of %eseret. "@tah" "as not the choice of the !eo!le as the name of their stateH that "or$ ser#e$ but to recall the $egra$e$ tribes "ho ha$ conteste$ the settlement of the #alleys. %eseret, a Book of Mormon name for the honey bee, "as more a!!ro!riate. The !etition of the !eo!le "as $enie$ in !art, an$, in /M:6 "as establishe$ the territorial form of go#ernment in @tah. oncerning the !erio$ of the !ro#isional go#ernment, such men as Gunnison, Stansbury, an$ other fe$eral officials on $uty in the "est, ha#e recor$e$ their !raises of the "Mormon" colonists in official re!orts. But "ith the unJ4merican system of territorial go#ernment came troubles. 4t first, many of the territorial officials "ere a!!ointe$ from among the settlers themsel#esH thus, Brigham 'oung "as the first go#ernorH but strangers, "ho kne" not the !eo!le nor their "ays, fille$ "ith !reju$ice from the false re!orts they ha$ hear$, came from the east to go#ern the colonists in the $esert. ?f the fe$eral a!!ointees thus force$ u!on the !eo!le of @tah, many ma$e for themsel#es most unen#iable recor$s. Some of them "ere broken !oliticians, !rofessional officeJseekers, "ith no $esire but to secure the greatest !ossible gain out of their a!!ointment. )ith effrontery that "oul$ shock the mo$esty of a sa#age, the nonJ"Mormon" !arty a$o!te$ an$ flagrantly $is!laye$ the car!etJbag as the ba$ge of their !rofession. But not all the officials sent to @tah from afar "ere of this ty!eH some of them "ere honorable an$ u!right men, an$ amongst this class the "Mormon" !eo!le reckon a number "ho, "hile o!!ose$ to their religious tenets, "ere ne#ertheless sincere an$ honest in the o!!osition they e#ince$. &n the early !art of /M:1, the !ublishe$ libels u!on the !eo!le recei#e$ many serious a$$itions, the !rinci!al of "hich "as !romulgate$ in connection "ith the resignation of Ju$ge %rummon$ of the @tah fe$eral court. &n his last letter to the @nite$ States attorneyJgeneral, he $eclare$ that his life "as no longer safe in @tah, an$ that he ha$ been com!elle$ to flee from his benchH but the most serious charge of all "as that the !eo!le ha$ $estroye$ the recor$s of the court, an$ that they ha$ resente$, "ith hostile $emonstration, his !rotestsH in short, that justice "as $ethrone$ in @tah, an$ that the !eo!le "ere in a state of o!en rebellion. )ith mails three months a!art, ne"s tra#ele$ slo"lyH but as soon as "or$ of this infamous charge reache$ Salt >ake ity, the clerk of the court, Ju$ge %rummon$Ls clerk, sent a letter by e,!ress to the attorneyJgeneral, $enying un$er oath the ju$geLs statements, an$ attesting the $eclaration "ith official seal. The recor$s, he $eclare$, ha$ been untouche$ e,ce!t by official han$s, an$ from the time of the courtLs establishment the files ha$ been

safe an$ "ere then in his !ersonal kee!ing. But, before the clerkLs communication ha$ reache$ its $estination, so $ifficult is it for stately truth to o#ertake flitting falsehoo$, the mischief ha$ been $one. @!on the most !reju$ice$ re!orts utterly unfoun$e$ in fact, "ith a carelessness "hich e#en his !ersonal an$ !olitical frien$s foun$ no am!le means of e,!laining a"ay, Presi$ent Buchanan allo"e$ himself to be !ersua$e$ that a "Mormon" rebellion e,iste$, an$ or$ere$ an army of o#er t"o thousan$ men to !rocee$ straight"ay to @tah to sub$ue the rebels. Successors to the go#ernor an$ other territorial officials "ere a!!ointe$, among "hom there "as not a single resi$ent of @tahH an$ the military force "as charge$ "ith the $uty of installing the foreign a!!ointees. )ith great $is!atch an$ un$er co#er of secrecy, so that the @tah rebels might be taken by sur!rise, the army set out on the march. Before the troo!s reache$ the -ocky Mountains, the s"orn statement from the clerk of the su!reme court of @tah $enying the charges ma$e by Ju$ge %rummon$ became !ublic !ro!ertyH an$ about the same time men "ho ha$ come from @tah to Ae" 'ork $irect, !ublishe$ o#er their o"n signatures a $eclaration that all "as !eaceful in an$ about the settlements of @tah. The !ublic eye began to t"itch, an$ soon to o!en "i$eH the con#iction "as gro"ing that someone ha$ blun$ere$. But to retract "oul$ be a !lain confession of errorH blun$ers must be co#ere$ u!. >et us lea#e the sol$iers on their "est"ar$ march, an$ ascertain ho" the ne"s of the !rojecte$ in#asion reache$ the !eo!le of @tah, an$ "hat effect the ti$ings !ro$uce$. ertain "Mormon" business agents, o!erating in Missouri, hear$ of the hostile mo#ement. 4t first they "ere incre$ulous, but "hen the o#erlan$ mail carrier from the "est $eli#ere$ his !ouch an$ obtaine$ his recei!t, but "as refuse$ the bag of @tah mail "ith the !ostmasterLs statement that he ha$ been or$ere$ to hol$ all mail for @tah, there seeme$ no room for $oubt. T"o of the @tahns imme$iately hastene$ "est"ar$. ?n the 57th of July, /M:1, the !eo!le ha$ assemble$ in celebration of Pioneer %ay. Sil#er >ake, a mountain gem set ami$st the sno"s an$ forests an$ to"ering !eaks of the otton"oo$s, ha$ been selecte$ as a fitting site for the festi#ities. The Stars an$ Stri!es streame$ abo#e the cam!H ban$s !laye$H choirs sangH there "ere s!eeches, an$ !icnics, an$ !rayers. E,!eriences "ere com!are$ as to the journeyings on the !lainsH stories "ere tol$ of the shifts to "hich the !eo!le ha$ been !ut by the #icissitu$es of famineH but these $rea$ e,!eriences seeme$ to them no" like a $ream of the nightH on this $ay all "ere ha!!y. )ere they not safe from sa#age foes both re$ an$ "hiteQ There ha$ been !eace for a seasonH an$ their $esert homes "ere alrea$y smiling in "ealth of flo"er an$ treeH the "il$erness "as blossoming un$er their feetH their consciences "ere #oi$ of offense to"ar$ their fello"s. 'et at that #ery hour, all unbekno"n to themsel#es, an$ "ithout the o!!ortunity of s!eaking a "or$ in $efense, these !eo!le ha$ been con#icte$ of insurrection an$ treason. &t "as mi$$ay an$ the festi#ities "ere at their height, "hen a !arty of men ro$e into cam! an$ sought an inter#ie" "ith Go#ernor

'oung. Three of them ha$ !lainly ri$$en har$ an$ farH they ga#e their re!ortHJJan arme$ force of thousan$s "as at that hour a!!roaching the territoryH the boasts of officers an$ men as to "hat they "oul$ $o "hen they foun$ themsel#es in "Mormon" to"ns "ere re!orte$H an$ these stories calle$ u!, in the min$s of those "ho hear$, the $rea$ scenes of *ar )est an$ Aau#oo. .a$ these colonists of the "il$erness not gone far enough to satisfy the hatre$ of their fello"JcitiKens in this re!ublic of libertyQ They ha$ halte$ bet"een the ci#iliKation of the east an$ that of the "est, they ha$ fle$ from the country that refuse$ them a home, an$ no" the nation "oul$ eject them from their $esert lo$gings. 4 council "as calle$ an$ the situation "as freely $iscusse$. .a$ they not seen, lo, these many times, organiKe$ battalions an$ com!anies sur!assing fien$ish mobs in #illainyQ The e#i$ence "arrante$ their conclusion that in#asion meant massacre. )ith tense calmness the !lan of action "as $eci$e$ u!on. &t "as the general con#iction that "ar "as ine#itable, an$ it "as $eci$e$ to resist to the last. Then, if the army force$ its "ay into the #alleys of @tah on hostile !ur!ose bent, it shoul$ fin$ the lan$ as truly a $esert as it "as "hen the !ioneers first took !ossession. To this effect "as the $ecision3JJ)e ha#e built cities in the east for our foes to occu!yH our #ery tem!les ha#e been $esecrate$ an$ $estroye$ by themH but, "ith the hel! of &sraelLs Go$, "e "ill !re#ent them enriching themsel#es "ith the s!oils of our labors in these mountain retreats. There seeme$ to be no room for $oubt that "ar "as about to break u!on themH an$ "ith such a !ros!ect, men may be e,!ecte$ to take e#ery a$#antage of their situation. Brigham 'oung "as still go#ernor of @tah, an$ the militia "as subject to his or$er. Prom!tly he !roclaime$ the territory un$er martial la", an$ forba$e any arme$ bo$y to cross its boun$aries. Echo anyon, the one !romising route of ingress, "as fortifie$. &n those $efiles an army might easily be sto!!e$ by a fe"H ammunition stations "ere establishe$H !ro#isions "ere cache$H boul$ers "ere collecte$ u!on the cliffs beneath "hich the in#a$ers must !ass if they hel$ to their !ur!ose of forcing an entrance. The !eo!le ha$ been rouse$ to $es!eration, an$ force "as to be met "ith force. &n the settlements, combustibles "ere !lace$ in rea$iness, an$ if the "orst came, e#ery "Mormon" house "oul$ be re$uce$ to ashes, e#ery tree "oul$ be he"n $o"n. )ith an e,!erience of suffering that "oul$ ha#e "ell ser#e$ a better cause, this !icke$ $etachment of the @nite$ States army ma$e its "ay to the Green -i#er countryH an$ there, counting "ell the cost of !rocee$ing farther, "ent into cam! at *ort Bri$ger. Many of the troo!s ha$ almost !erishe$ in the storms, for it "as late in Ao#ember, an$ the "inter ha$ close$ in early. olonel ooke re!orte$ to the comman$ant that half his horses ha$ !erishe$ through col$ an$ lack of foo$H hun$re$s of beef cattle ha$ $ie$H yet the region "as so "il$ an$ forbi$$ing that scarcely a "olf #enture$ there to glut itself u!on the carcasses. &n ookeLs o"n "or$s "e rea$ that for thirty miles the roa$ "as blocke$ "ith carcassesJJan$ ""ith aban$one$ an$ shattere$ !ro!erty, they mark, !erha!s beyon$ e,am!le in history, the ste!s of an a$#ancing army "ith the horrors of a $isastrous retreat."

)ith the army tra#ele$ the ne" fe$eral a!!ointees to offices in the territory. umming, the go#ernorJtoJbe, issue$ a !roclamation from his $ugJout lo$gings, an$ sent it to Salt >ake ity by courierH he signe$ it as "Go#ernor of @tah Territory." This but belittle$ him, for by the #ery terms of the ?rganic 4ct, to u!hol$ "hich "as the !rofesse$ !ur!ose of his coming, he "as not go#ernor until the oath of office ha$ been $uly a$ministere$ an$ subscribe$. 4 fe" $ays later he "ent before his fello"Jsufferer Eckles, the a!!ointee for chief justice of @tah, an$ took an oathH but "hy $i$ he s"ear so recklessly "hen the one before "hom he s"ore "as no more an official than himselfQ The army "intere$ at a satisfactory $istance from Salt >ake ity, an$ such a "inter, accor$ing to official re!orts, the sol$iers of our nation ha#e rarely ha$ to bra#e. &t "as soon a!!arent that they nee$ fear no "Mormon" attackH or$ers ha$ been issue$ to the territorial militia to take no life e,ce!t in cases of absolute necessityH but General Johnston an$ his staff ha$ more than their match in battling "ith the elements. ommunications bet"een Go#ernor 'oung an$ the comman$ant "ere freIuentH safe con$uct "as assure$ any an$ all officers "ho chose to enter the cityH an$ if necessary hostages "ere to be gi#enH but the go#ernor "as ine,orable in his ultimatum that, as an organiKe$ bo$y "ith hostile !ur!ose, the sol$iers shoul$ not !ass the mountain gate"ay. &n the meantime, a full account of the situation "as re!orte$ by Go#ernor 'oung to the Presi$ent of the @nite$ States, an$ the truth slo"ly ma$e its "ay into the eastern !ress. Presi$ent Buchanan tacitly a$mitte$ his mistakeH but to recall the troo!s at that juncture "oul$ be to confess humiliating failure. 4 !eace commissioner, in the !erson of olonel Bane, "as $is!atche$ to Salt >ake ityH his coming being ma$e kno"n to Go#ernor 'oung, an escort "as sent to meet him an$ con$uct him through the "Mormon" lines. The result of the conference "as that the "Mormon" lea$ers but reiterate$ their statement that the Presi$entLs a!!ointees "oul$ be gi#en safe entry to the city, an$ be $uly installe$ in their offices, !ro#i$e$ they "oul$ enter "ithout the army. This ultimatum "as carrie$ to the fe$eral cam!H an$ to the o!en chagrin of the comman$ant, Go#ernor umming an$ his fello" a!!ointees mo#e$ to Salt >ake ity un$er "Mormon" escort, after a fi#e monthsL halt in the "il$erness. & belie#e that strategy is usually allo"e$ in "ar, an$ & am free to say the "Mormons" a#aile$ themsel#es of this license. 4t short inter#als in the course of the nightJ!assage through the canyon, the !arty "as challenge$, an$ the !ass"or$ $eman$e$H bonJfires "ere blaKing $o"n in the gorges, an$ the im!ression "as ma$e that the mountains "ere full of arme$ menH "hereas the sentries "ere members of the escort, "ho, !rece$ing by short cuts the main !arty, continue$ to challenge an$ to !ass. ?n their arri#al, the gentlemen "ere met by the retiring officials, an$ "ere !eaceably installe$. The ne" go#ernor calle$ u!on the clerk of the court, an$ ascertaine$ the truth of the statement that the recor$s "ere entirely safe. .e !rom!tly re!orte$ his conclusions to General Johnston that there "as no further nee$ for the army. &t "as $eci$e$, ho"e#er, that the sol$iers shoul$ be !ermitte$ to

march through the city, an$ straight"ay the "Mormons" began their e,o$us to the south. Go#ernor umming trie$ in #ain to in$uce the !eo!le to remain, assuring them that the troo!s "oul$ commit no $e!re$ations. "Aot so," sai$ Brigham 'oung, ""e ha#e ha$ e,!erience "ith troo!s in the !ast, Go#ernor ummingH "e ha#e seen our lea$ers shot $o"n by the $emoraliKe$ sol$ieryH "e ha#e seen mothers "ith babes at their breasts sent to their last home by the same bulletH "e ha#e "itnesse$ outrages beyon$ $escri!tion. 'ou are no" Go#ernor of @tahH "e can no longer comman$ the militia for our o"n $efense. )e $o not "ish to fight, therefore "e $e!art." >ea#ing a fe" men to a!!ly the bran$ to the combustibles store$ in e#ery house, at the first sign of !lun$er by the sol$iers, the !eo!le again $eserte$ their homes an$ mo#e$ into the $esert ane". But the officers of the army ke!t their "or$H the troo!s "ere !ut into cam! forty miles from the settlements, an$ the settlers returne$. The Presi$entLs commissioners brought the official !ar$on, unsolicite$, for all acts committe$ by the "Mormons" in o!!osing the entrance of the army. The !eo!le aske$ "hat they ha$ $one that nee$e$ !ar$onH they ha$ not robbe$, they ha$ not kille$. But a critical analysis of these troublous e#ents re#eale$ at least one o#ert actJJsome "Mormon" scouts ha$ challenge$ a su!!ly trainH an$, being o!!ose$, they ha$ $estroye$ some of the "agons an$ !ro#isionsH an$ for this they acce!te$ the Presi$entLs most gracious !ar$on.

.4PTE- + 4fter all, the "Mormon" !eo!le regar$ the a$#ent of the Buchanan army as one of the greatest material blessings e#er brought to them. The troo!s, once in @tah, ha$ to be !ro#isione$H an$ e#erything the settlers coul$ s!are "as eagerly bought at an unusual !rice. The gol$ change$ han$s. Then, in their hasty $e!arture, the sol$iers $is!ose$ of e#erything outsi$e of actual necessities in the "ay of accouterment an$ cam! eIui!age. The army foun$ the !eo!le in !o#erty, an$ left them in com!arati#e "ealth. 4n$ "hat "as the cause of this hurrie$ $e!arture of the militaryQ *or many months, ominous rumblings ha$ been hear$,JJin$ications of the gathering storm "hich "as soon to break in the a"ful fury of ci#il strife. &t coul$ not be $oubte$ that "ar "as imminentH alrea$y the conflict ha$ begun, an$ a !icke$ !art of the army "as a"ay in the "estern "il$s, $oing nothing for any !hase of the !ublic goo$. But a "or$ further concerning the e,!e$ition in general. The sen$ing of troo!s to @tah "as !art of a foul scheme to "eaken the go#ernment in its im!en$ing struggle "ith the secessionists. The mo#ement has been calle$ not ina!tly "BuchananLs blun$er," but the best an$ "isest men may make blun$ers, an$ "hate#er may be sai$ of Presi$ent BuchananLs shortJsighte$ness in taking this ste!, e#en his enemies $o not Iuestion his integrity in the matter. .e "as unjustly charge$ "ith fa#oring secessionH but the charge "as soon $is!ro#e$.

.o"e#er, it "as kno"n that certain of his cabinet "ere in league "ith the sece$ing statesH an$ !rominent among them "as John *loy$, secretary of "ar. The successful efforts of this officer to $isarm the Aorth, "hile accumulating the munitions of "ar in the SouthH to scatter the forces by locating them in "i$ely se!arate$ an$ remote stationsH an$ in other "ays to $is!ose of the regular army in the manner best calculate$ to fa#or the antici!ate$ rebellion, are matters of history. &t is also tol$ ho", at the commencement of the rebellion, he allie$ himself "ith the confe$erate forces, acce!ting the rank of briga$ierJgeneral. &t "as through *loy$Ls a$#ice that Buchanan or$ere$ the military e,!e$ition to @tah, ostensibly to install certain fe$eral officials an$ to re!ress an allege$ infantile rebellion "hich in fact ha$ ne#er come into e,istence, but in reality to further the interests of the secessionists. )hen the history of that great struggle "ith its antece$ent an$ its conseIuent circumstances is "ritten "ith a !en that shall in$ite naught but truth, "hen !reju$ice an$ !artisanshi! are li#e$ $o"n, it may a!!ear that Jefferson %a#is rather than James Buchanan "as the !rime cause of the great mistake. 4n$ General Johnston "ho comman$e$ the army in the "estH he "ho "as so #ehement in his $enunciation of the rebel "Mormons," an$ "ho rejoice$ in being selecte$ to chastise them into submissionH "ho, because of his #in$icti#eness incurre$ the illJfa#or of the go#ernor, "hose G!osse comitatusG the army "asH "hat became of him, at one time so !o!ular that he "as s!oken of as a likely successor to )infiel$ Scott in the office of generalJinJchief of the @nite$ States armyQ .e left @tah in the early stages of the rebellion, turne$ his arms against the flag he ha$ s"orn to $efen$, $offe$ the blue, $onne$ the grey, an$ fell a rebel on the fiel$ of Shiloh. hanges many an$ great follo"e$ in be"il$ering succession in @tah. The !eo!le "ere besought to take si$es "ith the South in the a"ful scenes of cruel strifeH it "as o!enly state$ in the east that @tah ha$ allie$ herself "ith the cause of secessionH an$ by others that the $esign "as to make Salt >ake ity the ca!ital of an in$e!en$ent go#ernment. 4n$ surely such conjectures "ere !ar$onable on the !art of all "hose ignorance an$ !reju$ice still nurse$ the $elusion of "Mormon" $isloyalty. Moreo#er, ha$ the !eo!le been incline$ to rebellion "hat greater o!!ortunity coul$ they ha#e "ishe$Q 4lrea$y a Aorth an$ a South "ere talke$ ofJJ"hy not set u! also a )estQ 4 su!reme o!!ortunity ha$ come an$ ho" "as it use$Q &t "as at this #ery time that the ?#erlan$ Telegra!h line, "hich ha$ been a!!roaching from the 4tlantic an$ the Pacific, "as com!lete$, an$ the first tremor felt in that ner#e of steel carrie$ these "or$s from Brigham 'oung3 @tah has not sece$e$, but is firm for the constitution an$ la"s of our country. The "Mormon" !eo!le sa" in their terrible e,!eriences an$ in the outrages to "hich they ha$ been subjecte$, only the malJa$ministration of la"s an$ the sub#ersion of justice through human inca!acity an$ hatre$. Ae#er e#en for a moment $i$ they

Iuestion the su!reme authority an$ the ins!ire$ origin of the constitution of their lan$. They kne" no Aorth, no South, no East, no )estH they stoo$ !ositi#ely by the constitution, an$ "oul$ ha#e nothing to $o in the bloo$y strife bet"een brothers, unless in$ee$ they "ere summone$ by the authority to "hich they ha$ alrea$y once loyally res!on$e$, to furnish men an$ arms for their countryLs nee$. *ollo"ing the a$#ent of the telegra!h came the rail"ayH an$ the lan$ of "Mormon$om" "as no longer isolate$. .er resources "ere $e#elo!e$, her "ealth became a to!ic of the "orl$Ls "on$erH the ti$e of immigration s"elle$ her !o!ulation, contributing much of the best from all the ci#iliKe$ nations of the earth. E#ery rea$er of recent an$ current history has learne$ of her ra!i$ gro"thH of her re!eate$ a!!eals for the recognition to "hich she ha$ so long been entitle$ in the sisterhoo$ of statesH of the !rom!t refusals "ith "hich her !leas "ere !ersistently met, though other territories "ith smaller an$ more illiterate !o!ulations, more restricte$ resources, an$ in e#ery "ay "eaker claims, "ere allo"e$ to assume the habiliments of maturity, "hile @tah, lusty, large an$ strong, "as ke!t in s"a$$ling clothes. But the cries of the #igorous infant "ere at length hee$e$, an$ in ans"er to the se#enth a!!eal of the kin$, @tahLs star "as a$$e$ to the nationLs gala,y. But let us turn more !articularly to the history of the hurch itself. *or a secon$ time an$ thrice thereafter, the hurch of Jesus hrist of >atterJ$ay Saints has been $e!ri#e$ of its !resi$ent, an$ on each occasion "ere reiterate$ the !ro!hecies of $isru!tion uttere$ at the time of Jose!h SmithLs assassination. alm obser#ers $eclare$ that as the she!her$ ha$ gone, the flock "oul$ soon be $is!erse$H "hile others, com!arable only to "ol#es, thinking the fol$ unguar$e$, sought to harry an$ scatter the shee!. But "Mormonism" $ie$ notH e#ery a$$e$ !ang of grief ser#e$ but to unite the !eo!le. )hen Brigham 'oung !asse$ from earth, he "as mourne$ of the !eo!le as $ee!ly as "as Moses of &srael. 4n$ ha$ he not !ro#e$ himself a Moses, aye an$ a Joshua, tooQ .e ha$ le$ the !eo!le into the lan$ of holy !romise, an$ ha$ $i#i$e$ unto them their inheritances. .e "as a man "ith clear title as one of the small brotherhoo$ "e call great. 4s car!enter, farmer, !ioneer, ca!italist, financier, !reacher, a!ostle, !ro!hetJJin e#erything he "as a lea$er among men. E#en those "ho o!!ose$ him in !olitics an$ in religion res!ecte$ him for his talents, his magnanimity, his liberality, an$ his manlinessH an$ years after his $emise, men "ho ha$ refuse$ him honor "hile ali#e brought their mites an$ their gol$ to erect a monument of stone an$ bronKe to the memory of this man "ho nee$s it not. )ith his $eath close$ another e!och in the history of his !eo!le, an$ a successor arose, one "ho "as ca!able of lea$ing an$ ju$ging un$er the change$ con$itions. JJJJJJJJJJJ But !erha!s & am sus!ecte$ of ha#ing forgotten or of ha#ing intentionally omitte$ reference to "hat !o!ular belief once consi$ere$ the chief feature of "Mormonism," the cornerstone of

the structure, the secret of its influence o#er its members, an$ of its attracti#eness to its !roselytes, #iK., the !eculiarity of the "Mormon" institution of marriage. The >atterJ$ay Saints "ere long regar$e$ as a !olygamous !eo!le. That !lural marriage has been !ractise$ by a limite$ !ro!ortion of the !eo!le, un$er sanction of hurch or$inance, has ne#er since the intro$uction of the system been $enie$. But that !lural marriage is a #ital tenet of the hurch is not true. )hat the >atterJ$ay Saints call celestial marriage is characteristic of the hurch, an$ is in #ery general !ractiseH but of celestial marriage, !lurality of "i#es "as an inci$ent, ne#er an essential. 'et the t"o ha#e often been confuse$ in the !o!ular min$. )e belie#e in a literal resurrection an$ an actual hereafter, in "hich future state shall be recogniKe$ e#ery sanctifie$ an$ authoriKe$ relationshi! e,isting here on earthJJof !arent an$ chil$, brother an$ sister, husban$ an$ "ife. )e belie#e, further that contracts as of marriage, to be #ali$ beyon$ the #eil of mortality must be sanctione$ by a !o"er greater than that of earth. )ith the seal of the holy Priesthoo$ u!on their "e$$e$ state, these !eo!le belie#e im!licitly in the !er!etuity of that relationshi! on the far si$e of the gra#e. They marry not "ith the sa$$ening limitation "@ntil $eath $o you !art," but "*or time an$ for all eternity."8<= This constitutes celestial marriage. The thought that !lural marriage has e#er been the hea$ an$ front of "Mormon" offen$ing, that to it is traceable as the true cause the hatre$ of other sects an$ the un!o!ularity of the hurch, is not tenable to the earnest thinker. Sa$ as ha#e been the e,!eriences of the !eo!le in conseIuence of this !ractise, $ee! an$ anguishJla$en as ha#e been the sighs an$ groans, hot an$ bitter as ha#e been the tears so cause$, the hea#iest !ersecution, the cruelest treatment of their history began before !lural marriage "as kno"n in the hurch. 8*ootnote <3 *or treatment of elestial Marraige an$ other Tem!le or$inances, see "The .ouse of the >or$," by the !resent author, Salt >ake ity, @tah, /0/5.= There is no sect nor !eo!le that sets a higher #alue on #irtue an$ chastity than $o the >atterJ$ay Saints, nor a !eo!le that #isits surer retribution u!on the hea$s of offen$ers against the la"s of se,ual !urity. To them marriage is not, can ne#er be, a ci#il com!act aloneH its significance reaches beyon$ the gra#eH its obligations are eternalH an$ the >atterJ$ay Saints are notable for the sanctity "ith "hich they in#est the marital state. &t has been my !ri#ilege to trea$ the soil of many lan$s, to obser#e the customs an$ stu$y the habits of more nations than oneH an$ & ha#e yet to fin$ the !lace an$ meet the !eo!le, "here an$ "ith "hom the !urity of man an$ "oman is hel$ more !recious than among the maligne$ "Mormons" in the mountain #alleys of the "est. There & fin$ this measure of just eIuality of the se,esJJ Gthat the sins of man shall not be #isite$ u!on the hea$ of "omanG. 4t the ince!tion of !lural marriage among the >atterJ$ay Saints, there "as no la", national or state, against its !ractise. This statement assumes, as grante$, a $istinction bet"een bigamy an$ the "Mormon" institution of !lural marriage. &n /M;5, a la" "as

enacte$ "ith the !ur!ose of su!!ressing !lural marriage, an$, as ha$ been !re$icte$ in the national Senate !rior to its !assage, it lay for many years a $ea$ letter. *e$eral ju$ges an$ @nite$ States attorneys in @tah, "ho "ere not "Mormons" nor lo#ers of "Mormonism," refuse$ to entertain com!laints or !rosecute cases un$er the la", because of its manifest injustice an$ ina$eIuacy. But other la"s follo"e$, most of "hich, as the >atterJ$ay Saints belie#e, "ere aime$ $irectly at their religious conce!tion of the marriage contract, an$ not at social im!ro!riety nor se,ual offense. 4t last the E$mun$sJTucker act took effect, making not the marriage alone but the subseIuent ackno"le$ging of the contract an offense !unishable by fine or im!risonment or both. @n$er the s!ell of unrighteous Keal, the fe$eral ju$iciary of @tah announce$ an$ !ractise$ that most infamous $octrine of segregation of offenses "ith accumulating !enalties. & "ho "rite ha#e listene$ to ju$ges instructing gran$ juries in such terms as these3 that although the la" of ongress $esignate$ as an offense the ackno"le$ging of more li#ing "i#es than one by any man, an$ !rescribe$ a !enalty therefor, as ongress ha$ not s!ecifie$ the length of time $uring "hich this unla"ful ackno"le$ging must continue to constitute the offense, gran$ juries might in$ict se!arately for e#ery $ay of the !erio$ $uring "hich the forbi$$en relationshi! e,iste$. This meant that for an allege$ mis$emeanorJJfor "hich ongress !rescribe$ a ma,imum !enalty of si, monthsL im!risonment an$ a fine of three hun$re$ $ollarsJJa man might be im!risone$ for life, aye, for many terms of a manLs natural life $i$ the courtLs !o"er to enforce its sentences e,ten$ so far, an$ might be fine$ millions of $ollars. Before this tra#esty on the a$ministration of la" coul$ be brought before the court of last resort, an$ there meet "ith the re#ersal an$ rebuke it $eser#e$, men "ere im!risone$ un$er sentences of many yearsL $uration. The !eo!le conteste$ these measures one by one in the courtsH !resenting in case after case the $ifferent !hases of the subject, an$ urging the unconstitutionality of the measure. Then the hurch "as $isincor!orate$, an$ its !ro!erty both real an$ !ersonal confiscate$ an$ escheate$ to the go#ernment of the @nite$ StatesH an$ although the !ersonal !ro!erty "as soon restore$, real estate of great #alue long lay in the han$s of the courtLs recei#er, an$ the "Mormon" hurch ha$ to !ay the national go#ernment high rental on its o"n !ro!erty. But the !eo!le ha#e sus!en$e$ the !ractise of !lural marriageH an$ the testimony of the go#ernors, ju$ges, an$ $istrict attorneys of the territory, an$ later that of the officers of the state, ha#e $eclare$ the sincerity of the renunciation. 4s the !eo!le ha$ a$o!te$ the !ractise un$er "hat "as belie#e$ to be $i#ine a!!ro#al, they sus!en$e$ it "hen they "ere justifie$ in so $oing. &n "hate#er light this !ractise has been regar$e$ in the !ast, it is to$ay a $ea$ issue, forbi$$en by ecclesiastical rule as it is !rohibite$ by legal statute. 4n$ the "orl$ is learning, to its manifest sur!rise, that !lural marriage an$ "Mormonism" are not synonymous terms.

JJJJJJJJJJJ 4n$ so the story of "Mormonism" runs onH its finale has not yet been "rittenH the current !ress !resents continuously ne" stages of its !rogress, ne" $e#elo!ments of its !lan. To$ay the hurch of Jesus hrist of >atterJ$ay Saints is stronger than e#er beforeH an$ the !eo!le are confi$ent that it is at its "eakest stage for all time to come. &t li#es an$ thri#es because "ithin it are the elements of thrift an$ the forces of life. &t embraces a boun$less liberality of belief an$ !ractiseH true toleration is one of its essential featuresH it makes lo#e for mankin$ secon$ only to lo#e for %eity. &ts cree$ !ro#i$es for the !rotection of all men in their rights of "orshi! accor$ing to the $ictates of conscience. &t contem!lates a millennium of !eace, "hen e#ery man shall lo#e his neighbor an$ res!ect his neighborLs o!inion as he regar$s himself an$ his o"nJJa $ay "hen the #oice of the !eo!le shall be in unison "ith the #oice of Go$.

T.E P.&>?S?P.' ?* "M?-M?A&SM"

.4PTE- & &n this attem!t to treat the !hiloso!hy of "Mormonism" it is assume$ that no $iscussion of hristianity in general nor of the !hiloso!hy of hristianity is reIuire$. The "Mormon" cree$, so far as there is a cree$ !rofesse$ by the >atterJ$ay Saints, is !reJeminently hristian in theory, !rece!t, an$ !ractise. &n "hat res!ect, then, may be !ro!erly aske$, $oes "Mormonism" $iffer from the faith an$ !ractise of other !rofesse$ly hristian systemsJJin short, "hat is "MormonismQ" *irst, let it be remembere$ that the term "Mormon," "ith its $eri#ati#es, is not the official $esignation of the hurch "ith "hich it is usually associate$. The name "as originally a!!lie$ in a s!irit of $erision, as a nickJname in fact, by the o!!onents of the hurchH an$ "as $oubtless suggeste$ by the title of a !rominent !ublication gi#en to the "orl$ through Jose!h Smith in an early !erio$ of the hurchLs history. This, of course, is the Book of Mormon. Ae#ertheless, the !eo!le ha#e acce!te$ the name thus thrust u!on them, an$ ans"er rea$ily to its call. The !ro!er title of the organiKation is "The hurch of Jesus hrist of >atterJ$ay Saints." The !hiloso!hy of "Mormonism" is $eclare$ in the name. The !eo!le claim this name as ha#ing been besto"e$ by re#elation an$ therefore that, like other names gi#en of Go$ as atteste$ by scri!tural instances, it is at once name an$ title combine$. The hurch $eclines to sail un$er any flag of manJma$e $esignH it re!u$iates the name of mortals as a !art of its title, an$ thus $iffers from >utherans an$ )esleyans, al#inists, Mennonites, an$ many others, all of "hom, "orthy though their organiKations may be, ele#ating as may be their !rece!ts, goo$ as may be their !ractises, $eclare themsel#es the follo"ers of men. This is not the church of Moses nor the !ro!hets, of Paul nor of e!has, of

4!ollos nor of JohnH neither of Jose!h Smith nor of Brigham 'oung. &t asserts its !rou$ claim as the hurch of Jesus hrist. &t refuses to "ear a name in$icati#e of $istincti#e or !eculiar $octrinesH an$ in this !articular, it $iffers from churches atholic an$ Protestant, Presbyterian, ongregationalist, @nitarian, Metho$ist an$ Ba!tistH its sole $istinguishing features are those of the hurch of hrist. &n an effort to !resent in concise form the car$inal $octrines of this organiKation, & cannot $o better than Iuote the soJcalle$ G4rticles of *aith of the hurch of Jesus hrist of >atterJ$ay SaintsG, "hich ha#e been in !ublishe$ form before the "orl$ for o#er half a century.87= 8*ootnote 73 *or e,ten$e$ treatment of "Mormon" $octrine see "The 4rticles of *aith3 a Series of >ectures on the Princi!al %octrines of the hurch of Jesus hrist of >atterJ$ay Saints," by James E. Talmage. Publishe$ by the hurch3 Salt >ake ity, @tahH 7M: !!.= /. )e belie#e in Go$, the Eternal *ather, an$ in .is Son, Jesus hrist, an$ in the .oly Ghost. 5. )e belie#e that men "ill be !unishe$ for their o"n sins, an$ not for 4$amLs transgression. <. )e belie#e that, through the atonement of hrist, all mankin$ may be sa#e$, by obe$ience to the la"s an$ or$inances of the gos!el. 7. )e belie#e that the first !rinci!les an$ or$inances of the gos!el are3 *irst, *aith in the >or$ Jesus hristH secon$, -e!entanceH thir$, Ba!tism by immersion for the remission of sinsH fourth, >aying on of han$s for the gift of the .oly Ghost. :. )e belie#e that a man must be calle$ of Go$, by !ro!hecy, an$ by the laying on of han$s, by those "ho are in authority, to !reach the gos!el an$ a$minister in the or$inances thereof. ;. )e belie#e in the same organiKation that e,iste$ in the !rimiti#e church, namely, a!ostles, !ro!hets, !astors, teachers, e#angelists, etc. 1. )e belie#e in the gift of tongues, !ro!hecy, re#elation, #isions, healing, inter!retation of tongues, etc. M. )e belie#e the Bible to be the "or$ of Go$, as far as it is translate$ correctlyH "e also belie#e the Book of Mormon to be the "or$ of Go$. 0. )e belie#e all that Go$ has re#eale$, all that he $oes no" re#eal, an$ "e belie#e that he "ill yet re#eal many great an$ im!ortant things !ertaining to the Bing$om of Go$.

/6. )e belie#e in the literal gathering of &srael an$ in the restoration of the Ten TribesH that Pion "ill be built u!on this 8the 4merican= continentH that hrist "ill reign !ersonally u!on the earth, an$ that the earth "ill be rene"e$ an$ recei#e its !ara$isiacal glory. //. )e claim the !ri#ilege of "orshi!ing 4lmighty Go$ accor$ing to the $ictates of our o"n conscience, an$ allo" all men the same !ri#ilege, let them "orshi! ho", "here, or "hat they may. /5. )e belie#e in being subject to kings, !resi$ents, rulers an$ magistrates, in obeying, honoring an$ sustaining the la". /<. )e belie#e in being honest, true, chaste, bene#olent, #irtuous, an$ in $oing goo$ to all menH in$ee$ "e may say that "e follo" the a$monition of Paul, )e belie#e all things, "e ho!e all things, "e ha#e en$ure$ many things, an$ ho!e to be able to en$ure all things. &f there is anything #irtuous, lo#ely, or of goo$ re!ort or !raise"orthy, "e seek after these things.JJJ?SEP. SM&T.. This brief summary of "Mormon" $octrine a!!ears o#er the signature of Jose!h SmithJJthe man "hom the >atterJ$ay Saints acce!t as the instrument in $i#ine han$s of reJestablishing the hurch of hrist on earth, in this the %is!ensation of the *ulness of Times. >et it not be su!!ose$, ho"e#er, that these 4rticles of *aith are, or !rofess to be, a com!lete co$e of the $octrines of the hurch, for, as $eclare$ in one of the "4rticles," belief in continuous re#elation from .ea#en is a characteristic feature of "Mormonism." 'et it is to be note$ that no $octrine has been !romulgate$, "hich by e#en straine$ inter!retation coul$ be construe$ as antagonistic to this early $eclaration of faith. Aor has any re#elation to the hurch yet a!!eare$ in o!!osition to earlier re#elation of this or of byJgone $is!ensations. To most of the $eclarations in the 4rticles of *aith, many sects !rofessing hristianity coul$ confi$ently !le$ge allegianceH to many of them, all hristian organiKations coul$ an$ !rofesse$ly $o subscribe. Belief in the e,istence an$ !o"ers of the Su!reme TrinityH in Jesus hrist as the Sa#ior an$ -e$eemer of mankin$H in manLs in$i#i$ual accountability for his $oingsH in the acce!tance of sacre$ "rit as the )or$ of Go$H in the rights of )orshi! accor$ing to the $ictates of conscienceH in all the moral #irtuesHJJthese !rofessions an$ beliefs are as a common cree$ in the realm of hristen$om. There is no !eculiarly "Mormon" inter!retation, in the light of "hich these !rinci!les of faith an$ !ractise are #ie"e$ by the >atterJ$ay Saints, e,ce!t in a certain sim!licity an$ literalness of acce!tanceJJgross literalness, unrefine$ materialism, it has been calle$ by some critical o!!onents. The gos!el !lan as acce!te$ an$ taught by the >atterJ$ay Saints is strikingly sim!leH $isa!!ointing in its sim!licity, in$ee$, to

the min$ that can fin$ satisfaction in mysteries alone, an$ to him "hose lo#e for meta!hor, symbolism, an$ imagery are stronger than his $e#otion to truth itself, "hich may or may not be thus embellishe$. The hurch asserts that the "is$om of human learning, "hile ranking among the choicest of earthly !ossessions, is not essential to an un$erstan$ing of the gos!elH an$ that the !reacher of the )or$ must be other"ise en$o"e$ than by the learning of the schoolmen. "Mormonism" is for the "ayfaring man, not less than for the scholar, an$ it !ossesses a sim!licity a$a!ting it to the one as to the other. 4 fe" of the characteristically "Mormon" tenets may !erha!s be !rofitably consi$ere$. "Mormonism" affirms its unIualifie$ belief in the Go$hea$ as the .oly Trinity, com!rising *ather, Son, an$ .oly GhostH each of the three a se!arate an$ in$i#i$ual !ersonageH the *ather an$ the Son each a !ersonage of s!irit an$ of immortaliKe$ bo$yH the .oly Ghost a !ersonage of s!irit. The unity of the Go$hea$ is acce!te$ in the literal fulness of scri!tural $eclarationJJthat the three are one in !ur!ose, !lan an$ metho$, alike in all their Go$ly attributesH one in their $i#ine omniscience an$ omni!otenceH yet as se!arate an$ $istinct in their !ersonality as are any three inhabitants of earth. "Mormonism" claims that scri!tures $eclaring the oneness of the Trinity a$mit of this inter!retationH that such in$ee$ is the natural inter!retationH an$ that the conce!tion is in accor$ "ith reason. )e hol$ that mankin$ are literally the s!iritual chil$ren of Go$H that e#en as the hrist ha$ an e,istence "ith the *ather before coming to earth to take u!on himself a tabernacle of flesh, to li#e an$ to $ie as a man in accor$ance "ith the foreJor$aine$ !lan of re$em!tion, so, too, e#ery chil$ of earth ha$ an e,istence in the s!iritJstate before entering u!on this mortal !robation. )e hol$ the $octrine to be reasonable, scri!tural an$ true, that mortal birth is no more the beginning of the soulLs e,istence than is $eath its en$. The timeJs!an of mortal life is but one stage in the soulLs career, se!arating the eternity that has !rece$e$ from the eternity that is to follo". 4n$ this mortal e,istence is one of the *atherLs great gifts to his s!iritual chil$ren, affor$ing them the o!!ortunity of an untrammele$ e,ercise of their free agency, the !ri#ilege of meeting tem!tation an$ of resisting it if they "ill, the chance to "in e,altation an$ eternal life. )e claim that all men are eIual as to earthly rights an$ human !ri#ilegesH but that each has in$i#i$ual ca!acity an$ ca!abilitiesH that in the !rime#al "orl$ there "ere s!irits noble an$ great, as there "ere others of lesser !o"er an$ inferior !ur!ose. There is no chance in the number or nature of s!irits that are born to earthH all "ho are entitle$ to the !ri#ileges of mortality an$ ha#e been assigne$ to this s!here shall come at the time a!!ointe$, an$ shall return to inherit each the glory or the $egra$ation to "hich he has sho"n himself a$a!te$. The gos!el as un$erstoo$ by the >atterJ$ay Saints affirms the uncon$itional freeJagency of manJJhis right to acce!t goo$ or e#il, to choose

the means of eternal !rogression or the o!!osite, to "orshi! as he elects, or to refuse to "orshi! at allJJan$ then to take the conseIuences of his choice. "Mormonism" rejects "hat it regar$s as a heresy, the false $octrine of !reJ$estination as an absolute com!ulsion or e#en as an irresistible ten$ency force$ u!on the in$i#i$ual to"ar$ right or "rongJJas a !reJa!!ointment to e#entual e,altation or con$emnationH yet it affirms that the infinite "is$om an$ foreJkno"le$ge of Go$ makes !lain to him the en$ from the beginningH an$ that he can rea$ in the natures an$ $is!ositions of his chil$ren, their $estiny. "Mormonism" claims an actual an$ literal relationshi! of !arent an$ chil$ bet"een the reator an$ manJJnot in the figurati#e sense in "hich the engine may be calle$ the chil$ of its buil$erH not the relationshi! of a thing mechanically ma$e to the maker thereofH but the kinshi! of father an$ offs!ring. &n short it is bol$ enough to $eclare that manLs s!irit being the offs!ring of %eity, an$ manLs bo$y though of earthy com!onents yet being in the #ery image an$ likeness of Go$, man e#en in his !resent $egra$e$JJaye, fallen con$itionJJstill !ossesses, if only in a latent state, inherite$ traits, ten$encies an$ !o"ers that tell of his more than royal $escentH an$ that these may be $e#elo!e$ so as to make him, e#en "hile mortal, in a measure Go$like. But "Mormonism" is bol$er yet. &t asserts that in accor$ance "ith the in#iolable la" of organic natureJJthat like shall beget like, an$ that multi!lication of numbers an$ !er!etuation of s!ecies shall be in com!liance "ith the con$ition "each after his kin$," the chil$ may achie#e the former status of the !arent, an$ that in his mortal con$ition man is a Go$ in embryo. .o"e#er far in the future it may be, "hat ages may ela!se, "hat eternities may !ass before any in$i#i$ual no" a mortal being may attain the rank an$ sanctity of go$shi!, man ne#ertheless carries in his soul the !ossibilities of such achie#ementH e#en as the cra"ling cater!illar or the cor!seJlike chrysalis hol$s the latent !ossibility, nay, barring $estruction, the certainty in$ee$, of the "inge$ imago in all the glory of maturity. "Mormonism" claims that all nature, both on earth an$ in hea#en, o!erates on a !lan of a$#ancementH that the #ery Eternal *ather is a !rogressi#e BeingH that his !erfection, "hile so com!lete as to be incom!rehensible by man, !ossesses this essential Iuality of true !erfectionJJthe ca!acity of eternal increase. That therefore, in the far future, beyon$ the horiKon of eternities !erchance, man may attain the status of a Go$. 'et this $oes not mean that he shall be then the eIual of the %eity he no" "orshi!s nor that he shall e#er o#ertake those intelligences that are alrea$y beyon$ him in a$#ancementH for to assert such "oul$ be to argue that there is no !rogression beyon$ a certain stage of attainment, an$ that a$#ancement is a characteristic of lo" organiKation an$ inferior !ur!ose alone. )e belie#e that there "as more than the soun$ing of brass or the tinkling of "or$y cymbals in the fer#ent a$monition of the hrist to his follo"ersJJ"Be ye therefore !erfect, e#en as your *ather "hich is in hea#en is !erfect." NMatt. :37M.O

But it is beyon$ $is!ute that in his !resent state, man is far from the con$ition of e#en a relati#ely !erfect being. .e is born heir to the "eaknesses as "ell as to the e,cellencies of generations of ancestorsH he inherits !otent ten$encies for both goo$ an$ e#ilH an$ #erily, it seems that in the flesh he has to suffer for the sins of his !rogenitors. But $i#ine blessings are not to be reckone$ in terms of earthly !ossessions or bo$ily e,cellencies aloneH the chil$ born un$er con$itions of a$#ersity may after all be richly en$o"e$ "ith o!!ortunity, o!!ortunity "hich, !erha!s, ha$ been less of ser#ice ami$ the surroun$ings of lu,ury. )e hol$ that the *ather has an in$i#i$ual interest in his chil$renH an$ that surely in the ren$ering of $i#ine ju$gment, the con$itions un$er "hich each soul has li#e$ in mortality shall be consi$ere$. "Mormonism" acce!ts the $octrine of the *all, an$ the account of the transgression in E$en, as set forth in GenesisH but it affirms that none but 4$am is or shall be ans"erable for 4$amLs $isobe$ienceH that mankin$ in general are absolutely absol#e$ from res!onsibility for that "original sin," an$ that each shall account for his o"n transgressions aloneH that the *all "as forekno"n of Go$JJthat it "as turne$ to goo$ effect by "hich the necessary con$ition of mortality shoul$ be inaugurate$H an$ that a -e$eemer "as !ro#i$e$, before the "orl$ "asH that general sal#ation, in the sense of re$em!tion from the effects of the *all, comes to all "ithout their seeking itH but that in$i#i$ual sal#ation or rescue from the effects of !ersonal sins is to be acIuire$ by each for himself by faith an$ goo$ "orks through the re$em!tion "rought by Jesus hrist. The hurch hol$s that chil$ren are born to earth in a sinless state, that they nee$ no in$i#i$ual re$em!tionH that shoul$ they $ie before reaching years of accountability, they return "ithout taint of earthly sinH but as they attain youth or maturity in the flesh, their res!onsibility increases "ith their $e#elo!ment. 4ccor$ing to the teachings of "Mormonism," hristLs instructions to the !eo!le to !ray "Thy Bing$om come, thy "ill be $one, on earth as it is in hea#en" "as not a !etition for the im!ossible, but a foreJsha$o"ing of "hat shall e#entually be. )e belie#e that the $ay shall yet come "hen the Bing$om of Go$ on earth shall be one "ith the Bing$om in hea#enH an$ one Bing shall rule in both. The hurch is regar$e$ as the beginning of this Bing$om on earthH though until the coming of the Bing, there is no authority in the hurch e,ercising or claiming tem!oral rule or $ominion among the go#ernments of earth. 'et the hurch is none the less the beginning of the Bing$om, the germ from "hich the Bing$om shall $e#elo!. 4n$ the hurch must be in $irect communication "ith the hea#enly Bing$om of "hich the earthly Bing$om "hen establishe$ shall be a !art. ?f such a nature "as the hurch in so far as it e,iste$ before the time of hristLs earthly ministryH for the biblical recor$ is re!lete "ith instances of $irect communication bet"een the !ro!hets an$ their Go$. The scri!tures are silent as to a single $is!ensation in "hich the s!iritual lea$ers of the !eo!le $e!en$e$ u!on the recor$s of earlier times an$ byJgone ages for their gui$anceH but on the contrary, the e#i$ence is com!lete that in e#ery stage of the hurchLs history the Go$ of hea#en

communicate$ his min$ an$ "ill unto his earthly re!resentati#es. &srael of ol$ "ere le$ an$ go#erne$ in all matters s!iritual an$ to a great e,tent in their tem!oral affairs by the $irect "or$ of re#elation. Aoah $i$ not $e!en$ u!on the recor$ of Go$Ls $ealings "ith 4$am or Enoch, but "as $irecte$ by the #ery "or$ an$ #oice of the Go$ "hom he re!resente$. Moses "as no mere theologian traine$ for his authority or acts on "hat Go$ ha$ sai$ to 4braham, to &saac, or to JacobH he acte$ in accor$ance "ith instructions gi#en unto him from time to time, as the circumstances of his ministry reIuire$. 4n$ so on through all the line of !ro!hets, major an$ minor, $o"n to the !riest of the course of 4bia unto "hom the angel announce$ the birth of John "ho "as to be the $irect foreJrunner of the Messiah. )hen the hrist came in the flesh he $eclare$ that he acte$ not of himself but accor$ing to instructions gi#en him of the *ather. Thus the Messiah "as a re#elator, recei#ing "hile in the flesh communication $irect an$ freIuent from the hea#ens. By such re#elation he "as gui$e$ in his earthly ministryH by such he instructe$ his $isci!lesH unto such he taught his a!ostles to look for safe gui$ance "hen he "oul$ ha#e left them. %uring his earthly ministry hrist calle$ an$ or$aine$ men to offices in the hurch. )e ha#e a recor$ of a!ostles !articularly, numbering t"el#e, an$ besi$e these, se#enty others "ho "ere commissione$ to !reach, teach, ba!tiKe an$ !erform other or$inances of the hurch. 4fter our >or$Ls $e!arture, "e rea$ of the a!ostles continuing their labors in the light of continue$ re#elation. By this sure gui$e they selecte$ an$ set a!art those "ho "ere to officiate in the hurch. By re#elation, Peter "as $irecte$ to carry the gos!el to the GentilesH "hich e,!ansion of the "ork "as inaugurate$ by the con#ersion of the $e#out ornelius an$ his househol$. By re#elation, Saul of Tarsus became Paul the 4!ostle, a #aliant $efen$er of the faith. .oly men of ol$ s!ake an$ "rote as they "ere mo#e$ u!on by the .oly Ghost an$ $e!en$e$ not u!on the !rece$ents of ancient history nor entirely u!on the la" then alrea$y "ritten. They o!erate$ un$er the con#iction that the li#ing hurch must be in communication "ith its li#ing .ea$H an$ that the "ork of Go$, "hile it "as to be "rought out through the instrumentality of man, "as to be $irecte$ by him "hose "ork it "as, an$ is. "Mormonism" claims the same necessity to e,ist to$ay. &t hol$s that it is no more nearly !ossible no" than it "as in the $ays of the ancient !ro!hets or in the a!ostolic age for the hurch of hrist to e,ist "ithout $irect an$ continuous re#elation from Go$. This necessitates the e,istence an$ authoriKe$ ministrations of !ro!hets, a!ostles, high !riests, se#enties, el$ers, bisho!s, !riests, teachers an$ $eacons, no" as ancientlyJJnot men selecte$ by men "ithout authority, clothe$ by human ceremonial alone, nor men "ith the em!ty names of office, but men "ho bear the title because they !ossess the authority, ha#ing been calle$ of Go$. &s it unreasonable, is it un!hiloso!hical, thus to look for a$$itional light an$ kno"le$geQ Shall religion be the one $e!artment of human thought an$ effort in "hich !rogression is im!ossibleQ )hat "oul$ "e say of the chemist, the astronomer,

the !hysicist, or the geologist, "ho "oul$ !roclaim that no further $isco#ery or re#elation of scientific truth is !ossible, or "ho "oul$ $eclare that the only occu!ation o!en to stu$ents of science is to con the books of byJgone times an$ to a!!ly the !rinci!les long ago ma$e kno"n, since none others shall e#er be $isco#ere$Q The chief moti#e im!elling to research an$ in#estigation is the con#iction that to kno"le$ge an$ "is$om there is no en$. "Mormonism" affirms that all "is$om is of Go$, that the halo of his glory is intelligence, an$ that man has not yet learne$ all there is to learn of him an$ his "ays. )e hol$ that the $octrine of continuous re#elation from Go$ is not less !hiloso!hical an$ scientific than scri!tural.

.4PTE- && The >atterJ$ay Saints affirm that the authority to act in the name of Go$JJthe .oly Priesthoo$JJhas been restore$ to earth in this $is!ensation an$ age, in accor$ance "ith the ins!ire$ !re$ictions of earlier times. But, it may be aske$, "hat necessity "as there for a restoration if the Priesthoo$ ha$ been once establishe$ u!on earthQ Aone in$ee$, ha$ it ne#er been taken a"ay. 4 general a!ostasy from the !rimiti#e hurch is conce$e$ in effect by some authorities in ecclesiastical historyH though fe" a$mit the entire $iscontinuance of !riestly !o"er, or the full sus!ension of authority to o!erate in the or$inances of the hurch. This great a!ostasy "as foretol$. Paul "arne$ the Saints of Thessalonica against those "ho claime$ that the secon$ coming of hrist "as then near at han$3 "*or," sai$ he, "that $ay shall not come e,ce!t there come a falling a"ay first." N&& Thess. 53<.O "Mormonism" conten$s that there has been a general falling a"ay from the hurch of hrist, $ating from the time imme$iately follo"ing the a!ostolic !erio$. )e belie#e that the !ro!er inter!retation of history "ill confirm this #ie"H an$, moreo#er, that the ins!ire$ scri!tures foretol$ just such a con$ition.8:= 8*ootnote :3 See "The Great 4!ostasy3 onsi$ere$ in the >ight of Scri!tural an$ Secular .istory," by James E. Talmage. Publishe$ by the G%eseret Ae"sG, Salt >ake ity, @tahH /1; !!.= &f the Priesthoo$ ha$ been once taken from the earth no human !o"er coul$ reJestablish itH the restoration of this authority from hea#en "oul$ be necessary. The hurch claims that in the !resent age this restoration has been effecte$ by the !ersonal ministrations of those "ho e,ercise$ the authority in earlier $is!ensations. Thus, in /M50, Jose!h Smith an$ ?li#er o"$ery recei#e$ the >esser or 4aronic Priesthoo$ un$er the han$s of John the Ba!tist, "ho #isite$ them as a resurrecte$ beingJJthe same Ba!tist "ho by s!ecial an$ $i#ine commission hel$ the authority of that Priesthoo$ in the $is!ensation of the "Meri$ian of Time." >ater, the .igher or MelchiKe$ek Priesthoo$ "as conferre$ u!on them through the !ersonal ministrations of Peter, James, an$ JohnJJthe same three "ho constitute$ the !resi$ency of the a!ostolic bo$y in the !rimiti#e hurch, after the $e!arture of

the >or$ Jesus

hrist by "hom it "as foun$e$.

That the claim is a bol$ one is conce$e$ "ithout argument. The hurch of Jesus hrist of >atterJ$ay Saints !rofesses to ha#e the Priesthoo$ of ol$ restore$ in its fulnessH an$, moreo#er, "hile ackno"le$ging the right of e#ery in$i#i$ual as of e#ery sect or other organiKation of in$i#i$uals to belie#e an$ !ractise accor$ing to choice in matters religious, it affirms that it is the only hurch on the face of the earth !ossessing this authority an$ Priesthoo$H an$ that therefore it is GThe hurchG an$ the only hurch of hrist u!on the earth to$ay. &t hol$s as absolutely in$is!ensable to !ro!er hurch organiKation, the !resence of the li#ing oracles of Go$ "ho shall be $irecte$ from the hea#ens in their earthly ministryH an$ these, "Mormonism" asserts, are to be foun$ "ith the hurch of Jesus hrist. "Mormonism" em!hasiKes the $octrine that that "hich is aesarLs be gi#en unto aesar, "hile that "hich is Go$Ls be ren$ere$ unto him. Therefore, it teaches that all things !ertaining unto earth, an$ unto manLs earthly affairs, may "ith !ro!riety be regulate$ by earthly authority, but that in the !erformance of any or$inance, rite, or ceremony, claime$ to be of effect beyon$, the gra#e, a !o"er greater than that of man is reIuisite or the !erformance is #oi$. Therefore, membershi! in the hurch, "hich, if of any #alue an$ significance at all, is of more than tem!oral meaning, must be go#erne$ by la"s "hich are !rescribe$ by the !o"ers of hea#en. "Mormonism" recogniKes Jesus hrist as the hea$ of the hurch, as the literal Sa#ior an$ -e$eemer of mankin$, as the Bing of kings an$ >or$ of lor$s, as the ?ne "hose right it is to reign on earth, "ho shall yet sub$ue all "orl$ly king$oms un$er his feet, "ho shall !resent the earth in its final state of re$em!tion to the *ather. &t is his right to !rescribe the con$itions un$er "hich mankin$ may be ma$e !artakers of his bounty an$ of the !ri#ileges of the #ictory "on by him o#er $eath an$ the gra#e. The hurch claims that faith in Go$ is essential to intelligent ser#ice of himH an$ that faith, trust, confi$ence in Go$ as the *ather of mankin$, as the Su!reme Being to "hom all shall ren$er account of their $ee$s an$ mis$ee$s, must lea$ to a $esire to ser#e him an$ thus !ro$uce re!entance. *aith in Go$ an$ genuine re!entance of sin, of necessity, therefore constitute the fun$amental !rinci!les of the gos!el. &t is reasonable to e,!ect that after man has $e#elo!e$ faith in Go$, an$ has re!ente$ of his sins, he "ill be eager to fin$ a means of $emonstrating his sincerityH an$ this means is foun$ in the reIuirement concerning ba!tism as essential to entrance into the hurch, an$ as a means "hereby remission of sins may be obtaine$. 4s to the mo$e of ba!tism, the hurch affirms that immersion alone is the one metho$ sanctione$ by scri!ture, an$ that this mo$e has been e,!ressly !rescribe$ by re#elation in the !resent $is!ensation. )ater ba!tism, then, becomes a basic !rinci!le an$ the first essential or$inance of the gos!el. &t is to be a$ministere$ by one ha#ing authorityH an$ that authority rests in the Priesthoo$ gi#en of Go$. *ollo"ing ba!tism by "ater, comes the or$inance of the besto"al of the .oly Ghost by the authoriKe$ im!osition of han$s, "hich constitutes the true ba!tism of the S!irit. These

reIuirements, $esignate$ s!ecifically the "first !rinci!les an$ or$inances of the gos!el," "Mormonism" claims to be absolutely essential to membershi! in the hurch of hrist, an$ this "ithout mo$ification or Iualification as to the time at "hich the in$i#i$ual li#e$ in mortality. Then "ith !ro!riety it may be aske$3JJ)hat shall become of those "ho li#e$ an$ $ie$ "hile the Priesthoo$ "as not o!erati#e u!on the earthQJJthose "ho ha#e "orke$ out their mortal !robation $uring the ages of the great a!ostasyQ *urthermore, "hat shall be the $estiny of those "ho, though li#ing in a time of s!iritual light, !erha!s ha$ not the o!!ortunity of learning an$ obeying the gos!el reIuirementsQ .ere again the inherent justice of "Mormon" !hiloso!hy sho"s itself in the $octrine of sal#ation for the $ea$. Ao $istinction is ma$e bet"een the li#ing an$ the $ea$ in the solemn $eclaration of the Sa#ior to Aico$emus, "hich a!!ears to ha#e been gi#en the "i$est !ossible a!!lication,JJthat e,ce!t a man be born of "ater an$ of the s!irit he cannot enter into the Bing$om of Go$. NJohn <3/J:.O "Mormonism" !roclaims something more than a hea#en an$ a hell, to one or the other of "hich all s!irits of men shall be assigne$, !erha!s on the basis of a #ery narro" margin of merit or $emerit. 4s it affirms the e,istence of an infinite range of gra$e$ intelligences, so it claims the "i$est an$ fullest gra$ation of con$itions of future e,istence. &t hol$s that the honest, though, !erchance, mistaken soul "ho li#e$ or trie$ to li#e accor$ing to the light he ha$ recei#e$, shall be counte$ among the honorable of the earth, an$ shall fin$ o!!ortunity, if not here then in the hereafter, for com!liance "ith the reIuirements essential for sal#ation. &t teaches that re!entance "ith all its atten$ant blessings shall be !ossible beyon$ the gra#eH but that inasmuch as the change "e call $eath $oes not transform the character of the soul, re!entance there "ill be $ifficult for him "ho has ruthlessly an$ "illfully rejecte$ the manifol$ o!!ortunities affor$e$ him for re!entance here. &t asserts that e#en the heathen $e#otee "ho may ha#e bo"e$ $o"n to stocks an$ stones, if in so $oing he "as obeying the highest la" of "orshi! "hich to his benighte$ soul ha$ come, shall ha#e !art in the first resurrection, an$ shall be affor$e$ the o!!ortunity, "hich on earth he ha$ not foun$, of $oing that "hich is reIuire$ of Go$Ls chil$ren for sal#ation. 4n$ for all the $ea$ "ho ha#e been "ithout the !ri#ileges, !erha!s in$ee$ "ithout the kno"le$ge, of com!liance "ith hristLs la", there shall be gi#en o!!ortunity in the hereafter. Ae#ertheless, this life of ours is no trifle, no insignificant inci$ent in the soulLs eternal course, ha#ing but small an$ tem!oral im!ortance, the omissions of "hich can be rectifie$ "ith ease by the in$i#i$ual beyon$ the #eil. &f com!liance "ith the $i#ine la" as e,em!lifie$ by the reIuirements of faith, re!entance, ba!tism, an$ the besto"al of the right to the ministrations of the .oly Ghost, are essential to the sal#ation of those fe" "ho just no" are counte$ among the li#ing, such is not less necessary for those "ho once "ere li#ing but no" are $ea$. )ho are the li#ing of to$ay but those "ho shortly shall be a$$e$ to the uncounte$ $ea$Q )ho are the $ea$ but those "ho at some time ha#e li#e$ in mortalityQ

hrist has been or$aine$ to be ju$ge of both Iuick an$ $ea$H he is >or$ of li#ing an$ $ea$ as man uses these terms, for all li#e unto him. .o" then shall the $ea$ recei#e the blessings an$ or$inances $enie$ to them or by them neglecte$ "hile in the fleshQ "Mormonism" ans"ers3 By the #icarious "ork of the li#ing in their behalf2 &t "as this great an$ !ri#ilege$ labor to "hich the !ro!het Malachi referre$ in his solemn $eclaration, that before the great an$ $rea$ful $ay of the >or$, Elijah shoul$ be sent "ith the commission to turn the hearts of the fathers to the chil$ren an$ the hearts of the chil$ren to the fathers. ElijahLs #isitation to earth has been realiKe$. ?n the <r$ of 4!ril, in the year /M<;, there a!!eare$ unto Jose!h Smith an$ ?li#er o"$ery, in the tem!le erecte$ by the. >atterJ$ay Saints at Birtlan$, ?hio, Elijah the !ro!het, "ho announce$ that the time s!oken of by Malachi ha$ fully comeH then an$ there he besto"e$ the authority, for this $is!ensation, to inaugurate an$ carry on this labor in behalf of the $e!arte$. 4s to the fi$elity "ith "hich the >atterJ$ay Saints ha#e sought to $ischarge the $uties thus $i#inely reIuire$ at their han$s, let the tem!les erecte$ in !o#erty as in relati#e !ros!erityJJby the bloo$ an$ tears of the !eo!leJJtestify. T"o of these great e$ifices "ere constructe$ by the >atterJ$ay Saints in the $ays of their tribulation, in times of their $irest !ersecution,JJone at Birtlan$, ?hio, the other at Aau#oo, &llinois. The first is still stan$ing, though no longer !ossesse$ by the !eo!le "ho built itH an$ no longer em!loye$ for the furtherance of the !ur!oses of its erectionH the secon$ fell a !rey to flames enkin$le$ by mobocratic hate. *our others ha#e been constructe$ in the #ales of @tah, an$ are to$ay in ser#ice, $e$icate$ to the blessing of the li#ing, an$ !articularly to the #icarious labor of the li#ing in behalf of the $ea$. &n them the or$inances of ba!tism, an$ the laying on of han$s for the besto"al of the .oly Ghost, are !erforme$ u!on the li#ing re!resentati#es of the $ea$.8;= 8*ootnote ;3 *or a $etaile$ treatment of Tem!les an$ Tem!le labor among the >atterJ$ay Saints, inclu$ing a stu$y of the $octrine of #icarious labor for the $ea$, see "The .ouse of the >or$, a Stu$y of .oly Sanctuaries 4ncient an$ Mo$ern," inclu$ing fortyJsi, !lates illustrati#e of mo$ern Tem!lesH by James E. Talmage. Publishe$ by the hurch3 Salt >ake ity, @tahH <<; !!.= But this labor for the $ea$ is t"oJfol$H it com!rises the !ro!er !erformance of the reIuire$ or$inances on earth, an$ the !reaching of the gos!el to the $e!arte$. Shall "e su!!ose that all of Go$Ls goo$ gifts to his chil$ren are restricte$ to the narro" limits of mortal e,istenceQ )e are tol$ of the inauguration of this great missionary labor in the s!irit "orl$, as effecte$ by the hrist himself. 4fter his resurrection, an$ imme$iately follo"ing the !erio$ $uring "hich his bo$y ha$ lain in the tomb guar$e$ by the sol$iery, he $eclare$ to the sorro"ing Mag$alene that he ha$ not at that time ascen$e$ to his *atherH an$, in the light of his $ying !romise to the !enitent malefactor "ho suffere$ on a cross by his si$e, "e learn that he ha$ been in !ara$ise. Peter also tells us of his laborsJJthat he "as !reaching to the s!irits in !rison, to those "ho ha$ been

$isobe$ient in the $ays of Aoah "hen the longJsuffering of Go$ "aite$ "hile the ark "as !re!aring. &f it "as $eeme$ necessary or just that the gos!el be carrie$ to s!irits that "ere $isobe$ient or neglectful in the $ays of Aoah, are "e justifie$ in conclu$ing that others "ho ha#e rejecte$ or neglecte$ the "or$ of Go$ shall be left in a state of !er!etual con$emnationQ "Mormonism" claims that not only shall the gos!el be carrie$ to the li#ing, an$ be !reache$ to e#ery creature, but that the great missionary labor, the bur$en of "hich has been !lace$ on the hurch, must of necessity be e,ten$e$ to the realm of the $ea$. &t $eclares uneIui#ocally that "ithout com!liance "ith the reIuirements establishe$ by Jesus hrist, no soul can be sa#e$ from the fate of the con$emne$H but that o!!ortunity shall be gi#en to e#ery one in the season of his fitness to recei#e it, be he heathen or ci#iliKe$, li#ing or $ea$. The "hole $uty of man is to li#e an$ "ork accor$ing to the highest la"s of right ma$e kno"n to him, to "alk accor$ing to the best light that has been she$ about his !athH an$ "hile Justice shall $eny to e#ery soul that has not ren$ere$ obe$ience to the la", entrance into the king$om of the blesse$, Mercy shall claim o!!ortunity for all "ho, ha#e sho"n themsel#es "illing to recei#e the truth an$ obey its behests. &t "ill be seen, then, that "Mormonism" offers no mo$ifie$ or con$itional claims as to the necessity of com!liance "ith the la"s an$ or$inances of the gos!el by e#ery res!onsible inhabitant of earth unto "hom sal#ation shall come. &t $istinguishes not bet"een enlightene$ an$ heathen nations, nor bet"een men of high an$ lo" intelligenceH nor e#en bet"een the li#ing an$ the $ea$. Ao human being "ho has attaine$ years of accountability in the flesh, may ho!e for sal#ation in the king$om of Go$ until he has ren$ere$ obe$ience to the reIuirements of hrist, the -e$eemer of the "orl$. But "hile thus $ecisi#e, "Mormonism" is not e,clusi#e. &t $oes not claim that all "ho ha#e faile$ to acce!t an$ obey the gos!el of eternal life shall be eternally an$ fore#er $amne$. )hile bol$ly asserting that the hurch of Jesus hrist of >atterJ$ay Saints is the sole re!ository of the .oly Priesthoo$ as no" restore$ to earth, it teaches an$ $eman$s the fullest toleration for all in$i#i$uals, an$ organiKations of in$i#i$uals, !rofessing righteousnessH an$ hol$s that each shall be re"ar$e$ for the measure of goo$ he has "rought, to be a$ju$ge$ in accor$ance "ith the s!iritual kno"le$ge he has gaine$. *or such high claims combine$ "ith such !rofessions of tolerance, the hurch has been accuse$ of inconsistency. >et it not be forgotten, ho"e#er, that toleration is not acce!tance. & may belie#e "ith the utmost fulness of my soulLs !o"ers that & am right an$ my neighbor is "rong concerning any !ro!osition or !rinci!leH but such con#iction gi#es me no semblance of right for interfering "ith his e,ercise of free$om. The only boun$s to the liberty of an in$i#i$ual are such as mark the liberty of another, or the rights of the community. Go$ himself treats as sacre$, an$ therefore as in#iolable, the free$om of the human soul. "Bno" this, that e#ery soul is free

To choose his life an$ "hat heLll beH *or this eternal truth is gi#en, That Go$ "ill force no man to hea#en. ".eLll call, !ersua$e, $irect aright, Bless him "ith "is$om, lo#e, an$ lightH &n nameless "ays be goo$ an$ kin$, But ne#er force the human min$." "Mormonism" conten$s that no man or nation !ossesses the right to forcibly $e!ri#e e#en the heathen of his right to "orshi! his $eity. Though i$olatry has been marke$ from the earliest ages "ith the seal of $i#ine $isfa#or, it may re!resent in the unenlightene$ soul the sincerest re#erence of "hich the !erson is ca!able. .e shoul$ be taught better, but not com!elle$ to ren$er "orshi! "hich to him is false because in #iolation of his conscience. &n further $efense of the >atterJ$ay Saints against the charge of inconsistency for this their tolerance to"ar$ others "hom they #erily belie#e to be "rong, let me again urge the car$inal !rinci!le that e#ery man is accountable for his acts, an$ shall be ju$ge$ in the light of the la" as ma$e kno"n to him. There is no claim of uni#ersal forgi#enessH no un"arrante$ glorification of Mercy to the $egra$ing or neglect of JusticeH no thought that a single sin of omission or of commission shall fail to lea#e its "oun$ or scar. &n the great future there shall be foun$ a !lace for e#ery soul, "hate#er his gra$e of s!iritual intelligence may be. "&n my *atherLs house are many mansions," NJohn /735O, $eclare$ the Sa#ior to his a!ostlesH an$ Paul a$$s, "There are also celestial bo$ies, an$ bo$ies terrestrialH but the glory of the celestial is one, an$ the glory of the terrestrial is another. There is one glory of the sun an$ another glory of the moon an$ another glory of the starsH for one star $iffereth from another star in glory. So also is the resurrection of the $ea$," N& or. /:376J75O. The >atterJ$ay Saints claim a re#elation of the !resent $is!ensation as su!!lementing the scri!ture just Iuote$. *rom this later scri!ture Nsee %S , Sec. 1;O, "e learn that there are three "ellJ$efine$ $egrees in the future state, "ith numerous, !erha!s numberless, gra$ations. There is the Gcelestial stateG !ro#i$e$ for those "ho ha#e li#e$ the "hole la", "ho ha#e acce!te$ the testimony of the hrist, "ho ha#e com!lie$ "ith the reIuire$ or$inances of the gos!el, "ho ha#e been #aliant in the cause of #irtue an$ truth. Then there is the Gterrestrial stateG, com!arable to the first as is the moon to the sun. This shall be gi#en to the less #aliant, to many "ho are ne#ertheless among the "orthy men of the earth, but "ho !erchance ha#e been $ecei#e$ as to the gos!el an$ its reIuirements. The Gtelestial stateG is for those "ho ha#e faile$ to li#e accor$ing to the light gi#en themH those "ho ha#e ha$ to suffer the results of their sinsH those "ho ha#e been of Moses, of Paul, of 4!ollos, an$ of any one of a multitu$e of others, but not of the hrist. )e hol$ that there is a "i$e $ifference bet"een sal#ation an$ e,altationH that there are infinite gra$ations beyon$ the gra#e

as there are here, an$ as there "ere in the state !rece$ing this. "Mormonism" is freIuently s!oken of as a ne" religion, an$ the hurch as a ne" church, a mere a$$ition of one to the many sects that ha#e so long stri#en for recognition an$ ascen$ency among men. &t is ne" only as the s!ringtime follo"ing the $arkness an$ the col$ of the yearLs night is ne". The hurch is a ne" one only as the ri!ening fruit is a ne" $e#elo!ment in the course of the treeLs gro"th. &n a general an$ true sense, "Mormonism" is not ne" to the "orl$. &t is foun$e$ on the gos!el of hrist "hich ante$ates this earth. The establishment of the hurch in the !resent age "as but a restoration. True, the hurch is !rogressi#e as it e#er has beenH it is therefore !ro$ucti#e of more an$ greater things as the years link themsel#es into the centuriesH but the li#ing see$ contains "ithin its husk all the !ossibilities of the mature !lant. This soJcalle$ ne", mo$ern gos!el is in fact the ol$ one, the first one, come again. &t $eman$s the organiKation an$ the authority characteristic of the hurch in former $ays, "hen there "as a hurch of Go$ u!on the earthH it e,!ects no more consi$eration, an$ scarcely ho!es for greater !o!ularity, than "ere accor$e$ the !rimiti#e hurch. ?!!osition, !ersecution, an$ martyr$om ha#e been its !ortion, but these tribulations it acce!ts, kno"ing "ell that to bear such has been the lot of the true hurch in e#ery age. "Mormonism" is more than a co$e of moralsH it claims a higher rank than that of an organiKation of men !lanne$ an$ institute$ by the "is$om an$ !hiloso!hy of men, ho"e#er "orthy. &t $ra"s a $istinction bet"een morality an$ religionH an$ affirms that human $uty is not com!rise$ in a mere a#oi$ance of sin. &t regar$s the strictest morality as an in$is!ensable feature of e#ery religious system claiming in any $egree $i#ine recognitionH an$ yet it looks u!on morality as but the al!habet from "hich the "or$s an$ sentences of a truly religious life may be frame$. .o"e#er eu!honious the "or$s, ho"e#er eloIuent the !erio$s, to make the "riting of highest "orth there must be !resent the $i#ine thoughtH an$ this, man of himself cannot concei#e. &t affirms that there "as a yester$ay as there is a to$ay, an$ shall be a tomorro", in the $ealings of Go$ "ith menH that Through the ages one increasing !ur!ose runsH an$ that !ur!ose,JJthe "orking out of a $i#ine !lan, the ultimate object of "hich is the sal#ation an$ e,altation of the human family. The central feature of that !lan "as the earthly ministry an$ re$eeming sacrifice of the hrist in the meri$ian of timeH the consummation shall be ushere$ in by the return of that same hrist to earth as the -e"ar$er of righteousness, the 4#enger of iniIuity, an$ as the "orl$Ls Ju$ge. The hurch hol$s that in the light of re#elation, ancient an$ mo$ern, an$ by a fair inter!retation of the signs of the times, the secon$ coming of the -e$eemer is near at han$. The !resent

is the final $is!ensation of the earth in its !resent stateH these are the last $ays of "hich the !ro!hets in all ages ha#e sung. But of "hat use are theories an$ !hiloso!hies of religion "ithout !ractical a!!licationQ ?f "hat a#ail is belief as a mere mental assent or $enialQ >et it $e#elo! into #irile faithH #italiKe itH animate itH then it becomes a mo#ing !o"er. The >atterJ$ay Saints !oint "ith some confi$ence to "hat they ha#e attem!te$ an$ begun, an$ to the little they ha#e alrea$y $one in the line of their con#ictions, as !roof of their sincerity. *or the secon$ coming of the -e$eemer, !re!aration is $eman$e$ of menH an$ to$ay, instea$ of the single !riest crying in the "il$erness of Ju$aea, there are thousan$s going forth among the nations "ith a message as $efinite an$ as im!ortant as that of the Ba!tistH an$ their !roclamation is a reiteration of the #oice in the $esertJJ"-e!ent -e!ent2 for the Bing$om of .ea#en is at han$." The !hiloso!hy of "Mormonism" rests on the literal acce!tance of a li#ing, !ersonal Go$, an$ on the unreser#e$ com!liance "ith his la" as from time to time re#eale$.

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