Application of Poly Lactic Acid (PLA) in Medical Textile

Submitted by:

Zakariya Zubair 13-NTU-6025

Submitted to:

Dr Tanveer Hussain

Department of Advance Material Engineering National Textile University Faisalabad

Poly lactic acid applications

Global market
Global Poly Lactic Acid market is expected to reach US$2.6 billion by 2016 at a Compounded Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 28%, globally. Region-wise analysis shows that Asia-Pacific is forecasted to record the highest growth rate of 29.3% during the analysis period 2011-2016. Europe follows Asia-Pacific with a CAGR of 28.9%. The Americas forecasts to drive the global market with a 27.3%. Volume based studies reveal that the maximum share of growth rate is expected from Asia-Pacific region. Comparing the end-user industries, textiles and electronics are going to be the major supporters of this market.

Apllication of PLA in madiacal textile

Nerve regeneration
Conductive polymer materials for controlled release Wet fibre spinning to produce micro-dimensional structure

The bio-synthetic cell culture platform

Aligned platform

(2.18min)

Scale bar = 500m

Scale bar = 50m

Multi-functional conducting biocompatible wet-spun fibres

Incorporation and controlled release of antibiotic from conducting fibre Novel conducting fibre materials for muscle regeneration

Multicomponent conducting fibres

SEM images of PEDOT:PSS/ Chitosan base wet-spun fibre coated with PPy doped with ciprofloxacin Antibacterial activity of fibres alone A and antibiotic released under stimulation B

Multicomponent Conducting Fibres

Muscle regeneration
Muscle diseases Damage due to trauma Grow / replace muscle tissue

Muscle Regeneration

Muscle cell growth

3D Printing

Osteochondral Fractures

3D scaffold and Stem cell therapy for OC Repair

Small pellets of ASC have formed on the scaffold

Epilepsy Detection and Control

Epilepsy is the most common serious neurological illness after stroke. About 1% of the population affected by recurrent seizures. (30% untreatable) 5% will have seizures during their life.

Current Treatments
Anti Convulsant Drugs Electrical Stimulation

Electrospinning Polymer Drug Delivery Structures

Surface Focus Initiated Epilepsy

Detection electrodes continuously record brain activity over an identified epilepsy foci region. The CPU/power supply contains suitable battery and electronics that process the brain activity. When brain activity exceeds pre-set thresholds the electronics interpret this as an epilepsy event and triggers the power source to supply an appropriate electrical stimulation to the drug containing composite to initiate drug delivery. When the brain activity returns within the threshold the electrical stimulation is removed and drug delivery stops.

Tissue engineering
Polymers have great design flexibility because their composition and structure can be tailored to meet specific needs. Degradable polymers frequently used for tissue engineering applications are linear aliphatic polyesters such as PGA, PLA, and their copolymers (PLGA), which are fabricated intoscaffolds. These polymers are among the few synthetic polymers approved by the FDA for human clinical applications.

In vitro cell culture studies

Neonatal mouse cerebellum C17-2 stem cells were cultured over PLLA porous scaffold prepared from liquidliquid phase separation method. Before cell seeding, the scaffold samples were treated as follows: The fabricated nano-fibrous scaffolds were stuck onto coverslips (diameter, 13 mm) by medical grade silicon adhesive in the curing condition for 12 h at room temperature. The scaffolds were sterilized by autoclaving at 120C for 20 min and then transferred to 24-well culture plates. The scaffold samples were pre-wetted with 70% ethanol for the minimum period of 30 min in order to penetrate the PBS and cell culture medium into the pores. Then the samples were rinsed three times with PBS solution and incubated in serum free culture medium

DMEM/F- 12 1:1 mixture at 37C. C17-2 cells were maintained in DMEM culture medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum, 5% horse serum and 1% penicillinstreptomycin as well. The cells were split into 1:2 every 2 days. Before seeding C17-2 cells onto the nano-fibrous PLLA scaffold, cells were detached from the cell culture flask and viable cells were counted by trypan blue assay. Then the cells were seeded onto the nano-fibrous scaffolds inside a 24-well plate with the density of 5104 per well in the culture medium of DMEM/F12 containing N-2 supplement.

Schematic diagram of the nano-fibrous scaffold fabrication and in vitro cell culture

Delivery systems
There has long been a desire to achieve the targeted delivery of bioactive compounds to areas in the body to maximize therapeutic potential and minimize side-effects. Many types of particles

have been tested as delivery tools for biomedical applications such as liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, and biodegradable polyesters like PLA and PLGA. With its excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, mechanical strength, heat processability, and solubility in organic solvents, PLA can be used to produce dosage forms such as pellets, microcapsules, microparticles (MP), nanoparticles (NP), etc. MP and NP of PLA, modified or unmodified, are increasingly investigated for sustained release and targeted drug, peptide/protein, and RNA/DNA delivery applications because of their small size enabling their permeation through biological barriers such as the blood-brain barrier. Although PLA-based materials such as PLGA have been FDA-approved and are clinically available, they lack chemical functionalities to facilitate specific cell interactions.

Investigations on PLA-based material as drug delivery systems

Material PLA-PEG particles PEG-PLA NP PLA-b-PluronicbPLA PLA NP Surfactant-free PLA NP PLA microspheres PEO-PLA copolymers PLA-PEG-PLA copolymer PLA microspheres PEGylated PLA NP PLA-PEG-PLA copolymer AP-PEGPLA/ MPEG-PAE PLGA/PEI NP cNGR-PEG-PLA NP DMAB coated PLGA NP

Application Carrier for tetanus toxoid Conjugated with lactoferrin (Lf) Carrier for oral insulin Carrier for HIV p24 proteins Carrier for HIV p24 proteins Carrier for paclitaxel Carrier for 5-FU and paclitaxel Carrier for 5-FU and paclitaxel Carrier for nimesulide Gene delivery systems Carrier for 5-FU and paclitaxel Drug carrier for cancer therapy Carrier for luciferase siRNA Carrier for DNA Loaded with plasmid DNA

Results Enhanced transport across the rat nasal mucosa Increased uptake of the LfNP by bEnd.3 cells Good control over blood glucose concentration Induced seric and mucosal antibody production Elicited strong CTL response and cytokine release Reduced inflammation of arthritis rabbit model Complete drug release Good control over the release Initial burst followed by an exponential decrease Improved transfection activity Good control over the release Presented high tumorspecific targeting ability Effective silencing of the gene in cells Rapid and efficient nanoparticle internalization Improved transfection efficiency

References
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

9. 10.

www.engineersaustralia.org.au/advancesinmedicalbionics-moulton-29 www.slideshare.net/polylactic-acid-pla-a-global-market-watch-2011-2016 www.elsevier.com/locate/biomaterias www.sciencedirect.com C.Y. Xua, R. S. Ramakrishna. Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117576, Singapore. C.Y. Xua, R. M. Kotakib, S. Ramakrishna. Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Initiative, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117576, Singapore. R. Inaic, S. Ramakrishna. Division of Bioengineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117576, Singapore F. Yang, R. Murugan, S. Ramakrishna. Biomaterials Laboratory, Division of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117-576, Singapore. R. Murugan, S. Ramakrishna. Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Initiative, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117576, Singapore. X. Wang, Y.-X. Mac, S. Wang. Molecular and Bio-Materials Cluster, Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602, Singapore.