GATE-2010

1. The eigen values of a skew-symmetric matrix are

(A) Always zero

(B) Always pure imaginary

(C) Either zero or pure imaginary

(D) Always real

Soln.1 A skew symmetric matrix is a square matrix and has property

that aij = -aji for all
   
   

 a11 a12 ... a1n 

a a22 ... a2 n 
A =  21
 ... ... ... ... 
 
 a n1 an 2 ... ann 

Diagonal entries are zero

i.e. aii = o

It has the properties

(i) AT = -A where AT is matrix transpose.

(ii) All Eigen values of skew symmetric matrices are imaginary or zero.

Option (C) is the correct

2. The trigonometric Fourier series for the waveform f(t) shown below contains

(A) Only cosine terms and zero value for the dc component

(B) Only cosine terms and a positive value for the dc component

(C) Only cosine terms and a negative value for the dc component

(D) Only sine terms and a negative value for the dc component

Soln.2 The function f (t) is an even function and is symmetric to y- axis so it contains only
cosine terms.
 GATE-2010

Note that the positive part of waveform has amplitude A while the negative part has
amplitude 2A.

DC value is the average value i.e. the area of the waveform lying above and below this line
will be equal. So the line for average value will be shifted to negative value, so DC value is
negative.

Option (C) is correct

3. A function n(x) satisfied the differential equation d2n(x)/dx2 -n(x)/L2 = 0 where L is a

constant. The boundary conditions are: n(0)=K and n(∞) =0. The solution to this equation is

(A) n(x) = K exp(x/L) (B) n(x) = K exp(-x/√L )

(C) n(x) = K2 exp(-x/L) (D) n(x) = K exp(-x/L)

Soln.3 Given differential eqn. is

 



 −   =0


Let  =  


  −    = 0


   −  = 0


  = ± 

So, the solution is

 

 =    +   

Applying the boundary conditions

n(0)=K i.e. n(0)=C1+C2=K

n(∞)=0 then n(∞)=0 C1=0

So C2=K

Thus n(x) =K exp(-x/L)

Option (D) is correct.

 GATE-2010

4. For the two-port network shown below, the short-circuit admittance parameter matrix is

Soln. (4)

I2 I2
0.5Ω
1 2

V1 0.5Ω 0.5Ω V2

1’ 2’

The governing eqn. for the admittance matrix is

# % % &
"  $ = "  $" $
# % % &

# = % & + % &

# = % & + % &

'  
% = )( *) +, = -./ǁ-./ = -./ = 01
(

I
0.5

V

' 
% = )( *)(+, = -./ = 2
0.5

I
0.5

0.5 V2
' 
% = ) *) +, = -./ = 2
0.5

'  
% = * = = = 01
) )(+, -./ǁ-./ -./
 GATE-2010

5. For parallel RLC circuit, which one of the following statements is NOT correct?

(A) The bandwidth of the circuit deceases if R is increased

(B) The bandwidth of the circuit remains same if L is increased

(C) At resonance, input impedance is a real quantity

(D) At resonance, the magnitude of input impedance attains its minimum value.

Soln. (5) Parallel RLC circuit has the following characteristic equation.
 
1  + 34 1 + 4 = 0


Where 34 is the bandwidth

From the above eqn. we can draw the following conclusions:

• Bandwidth RLC circuits independent of L

• At resonance, imaginary part of input impedance is zero, i.e. It is real.
• At resonance the admittance is minimum thus input impedance is maximum.

Thus the option (D) is correct

6. At room temperature, a possible value for the mobility of electrons in the inversion layer of a
silicon n-channel MOSFET is

(A) 450 cm2/V-s

(B) 1350 cm2/V-s

(C) 1800 cm2/V-s

(D) 3600 cm2/V-s

Soln.(6) Option (B) is correct

7. Thin gate oxide in a CMOS process in preferably grown using

(A) wet oxidation (B) dry oxidation

(C) epitaxial deposition (D) ion implantation

Soln.(7) Dry oxidation alone can provide uniform film with good dielectric properties for thin gate
oxide in a CMOS

Option (B) is correct

 GATE-2010

8. In the silicon BJT circuit shown below, assume that the emitter area of transistor Q1 is half
that of transistor Q2.

The value of current I0 is approximately

(A) 0.5 mA (B) 2mA

(C) 9.3 mA (D) 15mA

Soln. (8)

+
i1 R=9.3KΩ
- I0

Q1 Q2
+

β1 =700 0.7V β2 =715

-

-10V

KVL to circuit with Q1

5.6 + 0.7 =
0
--.8 9.:
 = 9.:
= 9.: =
;<

The emitter area of Q1 is half that of transfer Q2

So Ii = I0/2

Therefore I0 = 2mA

So option (B) is correct

 GATE-2010

9. The amplifier circuit shown below uses a silicon transistor. The capacitors CC and CE can be
assumed to be short at signal frequency and the effect of output resistance r0 can be ignored. If
CE is disconnected from the circuit, which one of the following statements is TRUE?

(A) The input resistance Ri increases and the magnitude of voltage gain AV decreases

(B) The input resistance Ri decreases and the magnitude of voltage gain AV decreases

(C) Both input resistance Ri and the magnitude of voltage gain AV decrease

(D) Both input resistance Ri and the magnitude of voltage gain AV increase

Soln. (9) By removing CE

• Input impedance increases by (1+= RE)

• Voltage gain decreases by the same factor

Option (A) is correct

10. Assuming the OP-AMP to be ideal, the voltage gain of the amplifier shown below is

(A) -R2/R1 (B) -R3/R1

(C) - (R2 || R3)/R1 (D) - (R2+R3)/R1

Soln. (10) Since the OP-AMP is ideal, voltage at point A will be zero. The above circuit can be
simplified to
 GATE-2010

R1
A
-
V0
+
R2 R3
DC

Vi

writing the current eqn.

)> - -),
3(
=3
**3?

) 3 **3?
 ), = − 3(
>

3 **3?
<@ = − 3(

The option (C) is correct

11. Match the logic gates in Column A with their equivalents in Column B.

(A) P–2, Q-4, R-1, S-3 (B) P-4, Q-2, R-1, S-3

(C) P–2, Q-4, R-3, S-1 (D) P-4, Q-2, R-3, S-1

Soln. (11) P gate A = < + B = <. B

So P matches with 4 (P-4)

Q gate A = <. B = < + B

Matches with (Q-2)

R gate Exor ie. A = <B + <B

Now see gate 3 A = <. B + <C. B = <B + <B ie. is EXOR gate

R matches with 3

Now gate 1
 GATE-2010

<. B + <BD = < B + <B ie. Ex Nor ie. S

So S-1

Option D is correct

12. For the output F to be 1 in the logic circuit shown, the input combination should be

(A) A = 1, B= 1. C = 0 (B) A = 1, B= 0,C = 0

(C) A = 0, B= 1. C = 0 (D) A = 0, B= 0, C = 1

Soln. (12) Best way is to try the various inputs

(A) A=1, B=1,C=0

A=1, B=1 output of gate 1 is 0

output of gate 2 is 1

c=0 output of gate 3 is 0

with these inputs F = 0

similarly try options B & C both give F = 0

only option D ie

A = 0, B = 0, C = 1

Gate 1 output 0

Gate 2 output 1

C is 1

F = 1 Thus proved

Option (D) is correct

13. In the circuit shown, the device connected to Y5 can have address in the range
 GATE-2010

(A) 2000 - 20FF (B) 2D00 – 2DFF

(C) 2E00 – 2EFF (D) FD00 – FDFF

Soln. (13) To connect to Y5, inputs CBA in 101

A15 A14 A13 A12 A11 A10 A9 A8 A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0

0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

2 D 0 0 (Min.)

0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 (Max.)

2 D F F

Option (B) is correct

14. Consider the z-transform X(z) = 5z2 + 4z-1 + 3; 0<|z| < ∞ . The inverse z-transform x[n] is

(A) 5δ[n + 2] + 3δ[n] + 4δ[n – 1]

(B) 5δ[n - 2] + 3δ[n] + 4δ[n + 1]

(C) 5 u[n + 2] + 3 u[n] + 4 u[n – 1]

(D) 5 u[n - 2] + 3 u[n] + 4 u[n + 1]

Soln. (14) We know that

EF + - G ↔ I -

X(z)= 5z2 + 4z-1+3

0< *I* < ∞

x(n) = 5 E + 2 + 0E −
+ 6E

Option (A) is correct

15. Two discrete time systems with impulse responses h1[n] = δ[n -1] and h2[n] = δ[n– 2] are
connected in cascade. The overall impulse response of the cascaded system is

(A) δ[n - 1] + δ[n - 2] (B) δ[n - 4]

(C) δ[n - 3] (D) δ[n - 1] δ[n - 2]

Soln. (15) We know

ℎ FG = EF −
G L I = I 

ℎ FG = EF − 2G L I = I 

Overall impulse response of cascaded systems in Z- domain:

 GATE-2010

H(z) = H1 (z) .H2(z)

= z-1 . z-2

= z-3

Overall impulse response in discrete time domain is

ℎFG = E − 6

Option (C) is correct

16. For an N-point FFT algorithm with N = 2m which one of the following statements is TRUE?

(A) It is not possible to construct a signal flow graph with both input and output in normal
order

(B) The number of butterflies in the mth stage is N/m

(C) In-place computation requires storage of only 2N node data

(D) Computation of a butterfly requires only one complex multiplication

Soln. (16) Computation of a Butterfly requires only one complex multiplication for N point Fast
Fourier Transform (FFT) with N=2m.

It requires only one complex multiplication to compute a Butterfly

Option (D) is correct

17. The transfer function Y(s)/R(s) of the system shown is

(A) 0 (B) 1/(s+1) (C) 2/(s+1) (D) 2/(s+3)

Soln. (17)

P(s)

From the above diagram.

 GATE-2010

P (s) = R (s) – Q (s)

NO NO
And M1 = PQ
− OQ = 0

So P(s) = R(s) -0 = R(s)

NO 3O
So %1 = OQ
= OQ

RO 
therefore 3O
= OQ

Option (B) is correct

18. A system with transfer function Y(s)/X(s) = s/(s+p) has an output y(t) = cos(2t-π/3) for the
input signal x(t) = p cos(2t - π/2) Then, the system parameter ‘p’ is

(A) √3 (B) 2/√3 (C) 1 (D) √3/2

Soln. (18) From the given input and output signals, we can find the phase difference between the
output and input signals i.e.
T T T
S = − : − −  = U
= 60-

and ω=2rad/sec. (from the given equation)

RO O XY
Given VO
= OQW = XYQW

S = 50- − Z[ \ ] ^

Which is also 300

  
Z[ W = _0-  W
= Z[_0- = `6 ^ =
`:

Option (B) is correct

19. For the asymptotic Bode magnitude plot shown below, the system transfer function can be

(A) (10s+1)/(0.1s+1) (B) (100s+1)/(0.1s+1)

 GATE-2010

(C) (100s)/(10s+1) (D) (0.1s+1)/(10s+1)

Soln. (19) At ω=0.1, slope changes from odB to +20dB


Factor 
+ -.
b
aQ  a-OQ
So, system transfer function T(s) = ,.(
b = -.OQ
Q 
(,

At ω=0.1, magnitude =0dB 20log k =0

or, k=1
Q-O
thus T(s) =
Q-.O

Option (A) is correct

20. Suppose that the modulating signal is m(t) = 2cos (2πfmt) and the carrier signal is xc(t) = Ac
cos(2πfct), which one of the following is a conventional AM signal without over-modulation?

(A) x(t) = Acm(t) cos(2πfct)

(B) x(t) = Ac[1 + m(t)]cos(2πfct)

(C) x(t) = Ac cos(2πfct) + Ac/4 m(t) cos(2πfct)

(D) x(t) = Ac cos(2πfmt) cos(2πfct) + Ac sin(2πfmt) sin(2πfct)

Soln. (20) The conventional AM signal is given as

x(t) = Ac [1+m(t)] cos 2πfct

= Ac cos (2πfct) + Ac m (t) cos 2πfct

Let us check option (B)

Modulation index =2/1=2

(since modulating signal has amplitude 2)

So, it is AM signal with over modulation.

Now check option (c)

X(t)=Accos(2 fct) +Ac/4 m(t)cos(2 fct)

Hence Modulation Index =2.Ac/4 =1/2

Thus, it is AM signal without over modulation

Option (C) is correct

21. Consider an angle modulated signal x(t) = 6cos[2πx106t+2sin(8000πt) +

4cos(8000πt)] V. The average power of x(t) is :

(A) 10W (B) 18W (C) 20W (D) 28W

 GATE-2010

Soln. (21) Angle modulated signal as given is

x(t) = 6 cos [2π . 106 + 2 sin (8000πt)+4 cos (8000πt) V.

Here

ωc = 2π x 106

ωm= 800 π

so the wave is

x(t) = 6 cos [ωc t + 2 sinωmt+4 cosωmt]

) U
Average power = ( c)2 =( )2 =36/2=18w
` `

Option (B) is correct

22. If the scattering matrix [S] of a two port network is

then the network is

(A) lossless and reciprocal (B) lossless but not reciprocal

(C) not lossless but reciprocal (D) neither lossless nor reciprocal

Soln. (22) The given matrix is

0.2 0.5
=" $
0.5 0.

Since, ∡00=cos0+jsin0=1

∡900=cos900+jsin900

For reciprocal network Sij = Sji i.e. S12 = S21

In the present problem S12 =S21 = j 0.9

So the network is reciprocal.

Now it could be checked for the condition of lossless.

For the losses network s-matrix has to be unitary. It gives rise to two conditions

e *fg * =  eh
i fg fg =
 − − − 

j

Or
 GATE-2010

eh
i fO fk = 0l1 ≠  − − − 2
j

Applying condition (1) to

e *fg *

i.e. e f

+ f

# On opq;

i.e. (0.2)2 + (j 0.9)2

or, 0.04 – 0.81 ≠ 1

so the network is not lossless

Option (C) is correct

23. A transmission line has a characteristic impedance of 50 Ω and a resistance of 0.1 Ω /m. if the
line is distortion less, the attenuation constant (in Np/m) is

(A) 500 (B) 5 (C) 0.014 (D) 0.002

Soln. (23) For distortion less line attenuation constant and velocity of propagation should be
independence of frequency.

Given

Z0 = 50Ω

R = 0.1 Ω/m

Since the line is distortion less it should satisfy the following:

LG = CR
 3
i.e. 4
=r

Characteristic impedance

 3
I- = s4 = sr

and Attenuation constant t =  `uv = `u`w

x,
.
3
Or α =y-

For the present case

-.
/-
α = =0.002 Np/m

Option (D) is correct

24. Consider the pulse shape s(t) as shown. The impulse response h(t) of the filter matched to this
pulse is
 GATE-2010

Soln. (24) Given pulse shape S(t) is as shown

 GATE-2010

Impulse response of the matched filter is h(t) =s(T-t)

s(T+t) is left side shifted version of s(t) by T.

s(T-t) is the mirror image of s(T+t) on the Y-axis.

Option (C) is correct

25. The electric field component of a time harmonic plane EM wave traveling in a nonmagnetic
lossless dielectric medium has an amplitude of 1 V/m. If the relative permittivity of the
medium is 4, the magnitude of the time-average power density vector (in W/m2) is:

(A) 1/30π (B) 1/60π (C) 1/120π (D) 1/240π

Soln. (25) Given z =
V/m

ϵr=4

Magnitude of the time average power density

 GATE-2010

{
|
Pav =

~
Where } =  s ∈ €}- = s ϵ , ‚

,

 |, -T
} =  sƒϵ, =  
= 
,

 
„…@ =  ( ,† =  -T W/m2
 

Option C is correct

26. If ey = X1/x, then y has a

(A) maximum at x= e (B) minimum at x= e

(C) maximum at x= e-1 (D) minimum at x= e-1

Soln. (26) Given:


‡ =  

Taking log, pˆ ‰ =  p

(Š 

‹ = 
p


‹ = 
. p


Differentiating
‡   


= −
 . p
+ 
.

ŒŠ 
=−

+ 

‡


=0

−p


rr,

+
Ž = 0



= 0p
=

i.e.  = ∞ =    = 
 ‡   


=  −
? − 
? −  p

? 

For  = 
 ‡    


=  − ˆ ? − ˆ ? −  ˆ ?  =  − ˆ ?
 GATE-2010

 ‡
Since 
1 − ‘

Hence maximum at ’ = “

Option (A) is correct

27. A fair coin is tossed independently four times. The probability of the event “the number of
time heads shown up is more than the number of times tails shown up” is : [2 marks]

(A) 1/16 (B) 1/8 (C) ¼ (D) 5/16

Soln. (27) There are only five events when the number of times heads show up is more than the
number of times tails show up are the following:

H H H H

H H H T

H H T H

H T H H

T H H H

Since the fair coin in tossed independently four times the probability of each event is
    
  =  U

All the event are mutually exclusive so the total probability

” ” ” ” ” –
=  ”• +  ”• +  ”• + ”• + ”• =  ”•

Option (D) is correct

28. If A = xy âx+ x2 ây then ∮c A.dl over the path shown in the figure is

(A) 0 (B) 2/√3

(C) 1 (D) 2√3

 GATE-2010

Soln. (28) Given

<˜ = ‹[™
+    [™‡

Zℎ š <.›p‘Zℎ^[Zℎ1ℎœ

p = . [™
+ ‹[™‡

›p = ›[™
+ ›‹[™‡

˜ = ‹› +   ›‹
<˜. ›p

From :- P – Q ‹ =
, ›‹ = 0


Ÿ `: 
  `:
˜ =  ž .
. ›. =    ¡
ž <˜ . ›p
2 
N  
`:
`:

 ƒ  
=  ¢: − :£ =  


 =  › =0
`:
Q–R

3
2 
0 8
˜ =  ž €
ž <˜. ›p ‚ ›‹ =  6 −
= 
`6 6 6
Ÿ

R–S ‹ = 6›‹ = 0
 GATE-2010


P `:
6 6
0 6
˜ =  ž 6›  =    = € − ‚ = −
ž <˜ . ›p
2 2 6 6 2
3 
`:


 = › =0
`:
S–P

N 



2
˜ =  ž €
ž <˜. ›p ‚ ›‹ =  
− 6 =  −
`6 6 6
P :

Ÿ 3 P N
˜ + ž <˜. ˜
f ž <. ›p =  ž <˜. ›p ›p +  ž <˜. ˜ ˜
›p +  ž <˜ . ›p
N Ÿ 3 P

 ¥ : 
= + − −
 :  :

˜ =

ž <˜ . ›p

Option C is correct

29. The residues of a complex function X(z) = (1-12z)/[z(z-1)(z-2)] at its poles are

(A) 1/2, -1/2 and 1 (B) 1/2, -1/2 and -1

(C) 1/2, -1 and -3/2 (D) 1/2, -1 and 3/2

Soln. (29) Given function

§
¦I =  §§ §

To find residue at its poles

Residue at z = a of G(Z)= lim§⟶… .I − [ vI

Poles are at 0, 1 & 2

For Pole at 0
y 
u =  lim§⟶- I =
yy y 
Residue:

For Pole at z = 1
 GATE-2010

y y
Residue: u =  lim§⟶ yy y  =

Pole at z =2
y y :
u: =  limy⟶ yy y = − 

Option C is correct

30. Consider differential equation dy(x)/dx - y(x) = x with the initial condition y(0) = 0. Using
Euler’s first order method with a step size of 0.1, the value of y (0.3) is

(A) 0.01 (B) 0.031

(C) 0.0631 (D) 0.1

31. Given f(t) = L-1[(3s+1)/(s3+4s2+(k-3)s)]. If Limx→∞ f(t) = 1, then the value of k is :

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

Soln. (31) limn⟶∞ lZ =  limO⟶- 1A1

Given that
:OQ
A1 =  ¢ £
O? QƒO ¬: O

Since limn⟶∞ lZ =

:OQ
Thus, limO⟶- 1 ¢O? QƒO Q¬: O£ =

:OQ
= limO⟶- ¢ £ =

O QƒOQ¬:


 =

¬:

 ­ − 6 =

®¯ ° = ±

Option (D) is correct

32. In the circuit shown, the switch S is open for a long time and is closed at t=0. The current i(t)
for t≥0+ is
 GATE-2010

(A) i(t)=0.5-0.125e-1000tA (B) i(t)=1.5-0.125e-1000tA

(C) i(t)=0.5-0.5e-1000tA (D) i(t)=0.375e-1000tA

Soln. (32) At t = 0-, the circuit is shown below

10Ω

1.5A 0.75A 0.75A

10Ω
10Ω

The current of 1.5A source will divide equally in both10Ω resistors

At t = 0+

10Ω

S
1.5A 10Ω 15mH
10Ω

Current in inductor will not change instantaneously, so the current of 0.75 mA which
was flowing through first 10Ω resister will get divided to this branch and the switch
branch
0.7²
1 0Q =  = 0.67²<
2
∞ = 0.²<

The current will divide into three 10Ω branches (inductor is short circuited)
3n
Z = ∞ − ∞ − 0Q Ž 

Where R is equivalent resistor seen across L with current source opened.

 GATE-2010

10Ω

10Ω 10Ω R

R = 10 + (10 ││ 10)

R = 10 + 5 = 15 Ω

Z = 0.² − 0.² − 0.67²  /n³/´- 

µ?

Z = 0.² − 0.
2² ---n

µ

Option A is the correct

33. The current I in the circuit shown is

(A) -j1A (B) J1A (C) 0A (D) 20A

Soln. (33) The given circuit is redrawn

jωL
A

+ 1
0 1Ω
20 0 jωC
-
ω = 103 rad/Sec.

(L = 20mH , C = 50µH)

At node A
)¶ - )¶ )¶
XY
+ 
+ =0
XY·
 GATE-2010

 -
&¸ ¢XY +
+ \o£ =  XY

 -
&¸ ¢ +
+ .
0: .²0.
0U £ = 
X.-? .-.-µ? X.-? .-.-µ?

–X X
 &¸ ¢- +
+  -£ =  −

 &… =  −
.&

)¶
 # =  
=  −
< =  −<

Option A is correct

34. In the circuit shown, the power supplied by the voltage source is

(A) 0W (B) 5W (C) 10W (D)

100W

Soln. (34) The given circuit is redrawn

i+6 i

i+2

Since we have to find the power supplied by the voltage source.

So if we can find the current drawn from the source, power supplied can be evaluated.
So the loop considered is as shown in the figure.

Let the current drawn be I Amp. Current in different branches is as per the figure.

Applying KVL to the given loop

 GATE-2010

10 = (i+3)(1+1) + (i+2)(1+1)

⇒ 10 = 2i + 6 + 2i + 4

⇒ 4i = 0

⇒ i=0

Hence power drawn from the supply

P = V . i = 10 . 0 = 0 Watts

Option (A) is correct

35. In a uniformly doped BJT, assume that NE, NB and NC are the emitter, base and collector
dopings in atoms/cm3, respectively. If the emitter injection efficiency of the BJT is close
unity, which one of the following conditions is TRUE?

(A) NE=NB=NC (B) NE >>NB and >NB>NC

(C) NE=NB and NB<NC (D) NE<NB<NC

Soln. (35) For proper transistor action the lightly doped base between the heavily doped emitter
and moderately doped collector. Thus option B is the most nearest option

i.e. NE>>NB (Heavily doped emitter as compared to base)

NB >NC (it should be NB < NC)

Option B is correct

36. Compared to a p-n junction with NA=ND=1014/cm3, which one of the following statements is
TRUE for a p-n junction with NA=ND=1020/cm3?

(A) Reverse breakdown voltage is lower and depletion capacitance is lower

(B) Reverse breakdown voltage is higher and depletion capacitance is lower

(C) Reverse breakdown voltage is lower and depletion capacitance is higher

(D) Reverse breakdown voltage is higher and depletion capacitance is higher

Soln. (36) In the given problem the doping concentration has been increased significantly. With
increase in doping the breakdown voltage decreases. With more of doping depletion
width (d) decreases. Depletion capacitance is given by C = εA/d, so it increases

Option C is correct

37. Assuming that flip-flops are in reset condition initially, the count sequence observed at QA in
the circuit shown is
 GATE-2010

(A) 0010111… (B) 0001011…

(C) 0101111… (D) 0110100…

Soln. (37) See the given diagram

Given all flip flops are in reset condition i.e. the outputs are 0 initially,

M¸ =  M» =  M4 = 0

¸ = M»  ¼  M4 =

» =  M¸ = 0 Since connected together

4 =  M» = 0

After one clock pulse:

M¸ =
(content of DA transfers to QA )

M» = 0 =  M4

Now

¸ =  M»  ¼  M4 =

» =  M¸ =

4 =  M» = 0

After two clock pulses

M¸ =
 M» =
 M4 = 0

¸ =  M»  ¼  M4 = 0

» −  M¸ =
4 =  M» =

After three clock pulse

M¸ = 0 M» =
 M4 =

¸ =  M»  ¼  M4 =

» =  M¸ = 04 =  M» =

 GATE-2010

So the sequence observed at

M¸ = 0

0
00 ½ ½ ½ ..

Option D is correct

38. The transfer characteristic for the precision rectifier circuit shown below is (assume ideal OP-
AMP and practical diodes)

Soln. (38) The above circuit can be redrawn as follows:

 GATE-2010

4R D2
+20V

V1 A
- V0
+
R D1

We choose the input voltage from one of the option say

V1 = -10 V

Point A is at the ground potential

),- -- --
3
= ƒ3
+ 3

 &- =  −² +
0 = ²&

Now at V1 = -5 V
), -- -/
= +
3 ƒ3 3

or V0 = -5+5 = 0 V

For V1 > -5 V, both diodes are conducting

So, V0 = 0

Thus option (B) is correct

39. The Boolean function realized by the logic circuit shown is

(A) F=Σm(0,1,3,5,9,10,14) (B) F=Σm(2,3,5,7,8,12,13)

(C) F=Σm(1,2,4,5,11,14,15) (D) F=Σm(2,3,5,7,8,9,12)

Soln. (39) The given logic circuit having 4 X 1 M U X

 GATE-2010

A =  f f- #- + f f- # + f f- # +  f f- #:

v‘ f = < f- = B #- =  # =  # =   #: =  

Zℎq1 A< B   =  <B +  <B + <B + <B

=  <B¾ + ¿ +  <B¾ + ¿ + <B¾ + ¿ + <B

= <ÀBÁ  + <ÀBÁ
 + <ÀB + <ÀBÀ  + <BÁÀ + <BÁÀ 
 + <BÀ 
Â

=  e ; 2 6 ² 7 8 5
2

Option (D) is correct

40. For the 8085 assembly language program given below, the content of the accumulator after
the execution of the program is

(A) 00H (B) 45H (C) 67H (D) E7H

Soln. (40) Contents of various registers during the execution of the programs line by line are:

3000 MVI A, 45 H (Move 45 H to Acc)

(A) ⟶ 0100 0101

3002 MOV B,A (Move the content of Acc. To B)

(B) ⟶ 0100 0101

3003 STC (Set carry flag )

i.e. CS = 1

3005 CMC (complement the carry)

CS = 0

3005 RAR (Rotates the content of Acc. To right with carry)

CS A7 A6 . . . . A1 A0

0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1

i.e. 0010 0010

 GATE-2010

3006 XRA B (Content of B is to be Ex-ored with Acc.)

(B) 0100 0101

(A) 0010 0010

A¼B

⟶ 011 00111 (67H)

Option (C) is correct

41. A continuous time LTI system is described by

d2y(t)/dt2 + 4dy(t)/dt + 3y(t) = 2dx(t)/dt + 4x(t)

Assuming zero initial conditions, the response y(t) of the above system for the input x(t)=e-
2t
u(t) is given by

(A) (et-e3t)u(t) (B) (e-t-e-3t)u(t)

(C) (e-t+e-3t)u(t) (D) (et+e3t)u(t)

Soln. (41) A CTLTI system is described by

 ‡ ‡ 
n
n
+ 0 n + 6‹Z + 2 n
+ 0Z

Since the system is continuous time LTI system we take Laplace transform on both
sides, assuming zero initial condition.

1  + %1 + 01%1 + 6%1 = 21¦1 + 0. ¦1

RO OQƒ OQ
 VO =  O QƒOQ: =  OQ OQ:

Given that input is Z =   n qZ


¦1 =  OQ

OQ
%1 =  OQ OQ: OQ


=  OQ OQ:

 
=  OQ −  OQ:

Taking inverse Laplace transform on both sides

‹Z =  n −   :n qZ

Option B is correct
 GATE-2010

42. The transfer function of a discrete time LTI system is given by

Æ
Å ǵ”
ÃÄ =  Æ
±
”
” ǵ”Q ǵÅ
± È

Consider the following statements:

S1: The system is stable and causal for ROC:|z|>½

S2: The system is stable but not causal for ROC:|z|<¼

S3: The system is neither stable nor causal for ROC: ¼<|z|<½

Which one of the following statements is valid?

(A) Both S1 and S2 are true (B) Both S2 and S3 are true

(C) Both S1 and S3 are true (D) S1, S2 and S3 are all true

?
 § µ(
LÉ =  ?
Ê
(
 § µ( Q § µ
Soln. (42)
Ê Ë

( (
 §µ( Q §µ( 
= Ê
(

(
 §µ(  § µ( 
Ê 

 LÉ = 
³
− 
³2 I^−
  + 
³
− 
³0I^−
 

ROC due to first term.

 
Í I  Í >
*I* > 

2nd term given rise to

 
̓ I  Í > *I* > ƒ

Intersection of these ROCs

<  *I* < 

 
ƒ

For ROC *I* >  the system is stable and causal



for ROC (composite ROC)

i.e. <  *I* <

 
ƒ 

In this case ROC is not exterior of *Ç* > ”³Å so not causal

ROC does not include the unit circle so not stable.

Option (C) is correct

 GATE-2010

43. The Nyquist sampling rate for the signal s(t) = sin(500πt)/πt x sin(700πt)/πt is given by

(A) 400 Hz (B) 600 Hz

(C) 1200Hz (D) 1400 Hz

Soln. (43) Given

On iÏÐÑ/--Tn ÏÐÑ8--Tn
Tn
´ Tn

Using the intently

2sinA sinB = cos(A-B) – cos(A+B)


so, 1Z = T n Fcos200ÕZ − cos
200ÕZ G

--T
here \օ
= 
200Õ Ö…
= T
= _00Ly

So, lO =  2lÖ = 2 ´ _00 =
200Ly

Option C is correct

44. A unity negative feedback closed loop system has a plant with the transfer function G(s) =
1/(s2+2s+2) and a controller Gc(s) in the feed forward path. For a unit set input, the transfer
function of the controller that gives minimum steady state error is

(A) Gc(s) = (s+1)/(s+2) (B) Gc(s) = (s+2)/(s+1)

(C) Gc(s) = [(s+1)(s+4)]/[(s+2)(s+3)] (D) Gc(s) = 1 + 2/s + 3s

Soln. (44) Block diagram of the system is as follows

zO = u1 − 1

 zO = u1 − z1 . v1 . v· 1
3
 QrO r
b
O
c
 GATE-2010

Since input is unity


Then u1 = O 


v1 =
O QOQ
Given

 
×imOØ- v1 = -Q-Q =  = 0.²

Steady state error OO = limOØ- 1z1

O.3O
= limOØ- QrO rc O

O.3O
= limOØ- QrO rc O


= QÙÐÚ
bØ, rO ÙÐÚbØ, rc O


= Q-./.ÙÐÚ
bØ, rc O

For ess to be minimum Gc(s) should be maximum.

In option (D) ÛÜ Ý = ” + Ý + ÆÝ (since ÞßàÛÜ Ý = â)
Å
ÝØá
Option (D) is correct

45. X(t) is a stationary process with the power spectral density Sx(f)>0 for all f. The process is
passed through a system shown below.

Let Sy(f) be the power spectral density of Y(t). Which one of the following statements is
correct?

(A) Sy(f)>0 for all f (B) Sy(f)=0 for |f|>1kHz

(C) Sy(f)=0 for f=nfo, fo=2kHz, n any integer

(D) Sy(f)=0 for f=(2n+1)fo=1kHz, n any integer

Soln. (45) From the given system diagram

‹ ã Z = n FZ + Z − ä G


Taking Fourier on either side

‹ ã l =  ål +   XTæç .l è\

 GATE-2010

‡  æ
L ã l =
æ
= \å
+   XTæç è

L^′l = \F
+ o12Õlä − 12ÕläG

*L^′l *^2 = \^2F2 + 2o12ÕläG

= 〖2\〗^2F
+ o12ÕläG

„f- =  *Ll * . „fg

„f- = 2\ F
+ o12ÕläG. „fg

+ o12ÕläG = 0ll =  2 +
³2ä

f‡ l = 0ll = 2 +
l- where f0 = 1 KHz and n an integer

Option D is correct

46. A plane wave having the electric field component Ei = 24cos(3x108t-βy)âz V/m and traveling
in free space is incident normally on a lossless medium with µ=µo and ε=9ε0 which occupies
the region y≥0. The reflected magnetic field component is given by

(A) [cos(3x108t+y)âx] /10π A/m (B) [cos(3x108t+y)âx] /20π A/m

(C) -[cos(3x108t+y)âx] /20π A/m (D) -[cos(3x108t+y)âx] /10π A/m

Soln. (46) Given

z˜g = 20 cos6 ´
0¥ Z − =‹ [™y

Above given Electric field component is in Z direction and the wave is travelling in
y-direction.

We can write the magnetic field component which is normal to y

˜g =  ¾[™‡ ´ zêg ¿

L |
i.e.

=  20o1 ³
20Õ6 ´ 〖
0〗^8Z − =‹ [̂_

˜g =  . cos 6 ´
0¥ Z − =‹ [™

L /T

ï ï
s ð s ð
, ,
íî |( |
= =
(
í> |( Q| ï ï
s ð Qs ð
, ,
(

`ñ –`ñ( `9–`
= =
`ñ Q`ñ( `9Q`

3 1
= = =
2 1
3 Q1 4 2

˜k =  cos6 ´
0¥ Z + =‹ [™

L -T
Thus,

This indicates that the reflected wave is travelling in –y direction

Option A is correct
 GATE-2010

47. In the circuit shown, all the transmission line sections are lossless. The Voltage Standing
Wave Ration (VSWR) on the 60W line is

(A) 1.00 (B) 1.64 (C) 2.50 (D) 3.00

Soln. (47) The circuit is redrawn

short
z0 =30Ω λ/8

z1
z0=60Ω z0=30³`2 zL=30Ω

λ/4
z2
The expression for the input impedance of the line is
§ QX§ óôÑ õŒ
Ig =  I- §òQX§, óôÑ õŒ 
, ò

Input impedance due to shorted λ/8 stub is

† ÷
-QX óôÑ  
I = 60   ö Ë
¡
:-Q-

I = 60

Input impedance due to

Load I = 60ø
† ÷
:-QX:-` óôÑ  
I = 60`2  ÷
† ÷
Ê
¡
:-`QX:- óôÑ  
÷ Ê

?,
úûü † QX:-`
= 60`2ù ?,`

ý
úûü † QX:-

 GATE-2010

É = _0ø

Now load impedance is

I =  I +  I = 60 + _0

Magnitude of reflection coefficient

*þ* =  Í
§ò –§, U-QX:-U-
§ò Qy,
Í =  ÍU-QX:-QU-Í

X:- X
=Í Í =Í Í
-QX:- ƒQX

= =
1 1
`16Q1 `17
(
Q** Q
&f
u = **
= `(
( =
._0

`(

Option B is correct

COMMON DATA QUESTIONS: 48 & 49

Consider the common emitter amplifier shown below with the following circuit parameters:

β=100, gm=0.3861 A/V, r0=∞ , rp=259 W, RS=1kW, RB=93KW, RC=250 W, RL=1kW, C1=∞
and C2=4.7mF.

48. The resistance seen by the source Vs is

(A) 258 Ω (B) 1258 Ω

(C) 93 KΩ (D) ∞

Soln. (48) Equivalent model for the given circuit is

 GATE-2010

õ --
ℎgˆ = = = 2²5ø
 -.:¥U

Resistance seen by the source Vs

ug
ã
=  uO + u» * *ℎgˆ
93000´259
= 1000 + 93000Q259

ug
ã
= 
000 + 2²8 =
2²8ø

Option B is correct.

49. The lower cut-off frequency due to C2 is

(A) 33.9 Hz (B) 27.1 Hz

(C) 13.6 Hz (D) 16.9 Hz

Soln. (49) Lower cutoff frequency due to C2


l =
T3c Q3ò 4


= T/-Q--- ´ƒ.8´-µ

l = 27.
L§

Option B is correct
 GATE-2010

COMMON DATA QUESTIONS: 50 & 51

The signal flow graph of a system is shown below.

50. The state variable representation of the system can be

Soln. (50) Soln. (50) From signal flow graph

  = 2q1 − 

  =  − 

‹ =  +  ´ 0.² = 0.² + 

F‹G = F0.²0.²G ¢ £

⇒

  = − + 

  = − + 2q1
 −

 0
" $ = ¢ £¢ £ + ¢ £q
  −
0  2
Thus, Option (D) is correct
 GATE-2010

51. The transfer function of the system is

(A) (s+1)/(s2+1) (B) (s-1)/(s2+1)

(C) (s+1)/(s2+s+1) (D) (s-1)/(s2+s+1)

Soln.(51)

ä1 =
O =  e¬
RO N ¬


Where

PK is the gain of the forward path between U(s) and Y(s)

∆ is the determinant of the graph

=
− e ^[1 + e Zqoℎp^[1Z[Zœ[Z[Z;

− eZqoℎp^[1Z[Zℎ[Z[Z; +. . . . . . . . .

=
− e  + e  − e : + e ƒ  ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½.

¬ =  − e p^[Z;11Zℎ[ZZqoℎZℎ­ n lœ[›^[Zℎ.

2.



„ = . .
. 0.² =  
1 1 1
 
„ = 2. O .
. 0.² =  O

 
 =  −   =  −
O O

 
=
−  ¢− O − O £

 
=
+ O + O

1 = 12 = 2
( (
RO ..Q .
= b b

O ( (
Q Q
b b

OQ
=
O QOQ

Option (C) is correct

 GATE-2010

Linked Answer Question: Q. 52 to Q. 53 Carry Two Marks Each

Statement of Linked Answer Questions: 52 & 53

The silicon sample with unit cross-sectional area shown below is in thermal equilibrium. The
following information is given: T=300K, electronic charge=1.6x10-19C, thermal
voltage=26mV and electron mobility = 1350cm2/V-s

52. The magnitude of the electric field at x=0.5 µm is

(A) 1kV/cm (B) 5kV/cm (C) 10 kV/cm (D) 26kV/cm

Soln. (52) For the given silicon sample the electric field will be given
)
z=
Ö

= =  106 V/m
1
10µ6

z =
0­ V/cm

This electric field will remain the same throughout the given sample.

Option C is correct.

53. The magnitude of the electron drift current density at x=0.5 µm is

(A) 2.16x104 A/cm2 (B) 1.08x104 A/cm2

(C) 4.32x103 A/cm2 (D) 6.48x102 A/cm2

Soln. (53) Electronic drift current in given by

 =   ´  ´ ~ ´ z

=  1016 ´ 1.6 ´ 1019 ´ 135 ´ 10 ´ 103

= 2.16 ´ 104 A/cm2

Option A is correct
 GATE-2010

Statement of Linked Answer Questions: 54 & 55

Consider a baseband binary PAM receiver shown below. The additive channel noise n(t) is whit with
power spectral density SN(f)=N0/2=10-20 W/Hz. The low-pass filter is ideal with unity gain and
cutoff frequency 1MHz. Let Yk represent the random variable y(tk).

Yk=Nk if transmitted bit bk=0

Yk=a+Nk if transmitted bit bk=1

Where Nk represents the noise sample value. The noise sample has a probability density
function, PNk(n)=0.5αe-α|n| (This has mean zero and variance 2/α2). Assume transmitted bits
to be equiprobable and threshold z is set to a/2=10-6V.

54. The value of the parameter α (in V-1) is

(A) 1010 (B) 107

(C) 1.414x10-10 (D) 2x10-20

Soln. (54) Given:

Power spectral density

fh l =
h,
=
0- W/Hz


In time domain
h,
u = 
´ E

Power = 2 ´ 0
´ 1 ´ 106
2

= 2 ´ 1014


Variance

Which is equal to power since mean is zero

t =
08

Option (B) is correct

 GATE-2010

55. The probability of bit error is

(A) 0.5xe-3.5 (B) 0.5xe-5

(C) 0.5xe-7 (D) 0.5xe-10

Soln. (55) Probability of

Bit error = š 0.² t a** 



= 0.² -
 ´-µ

= 0.² -

Option (D) is correct

Question No. 56-60 One Mark Each

56. Which of the following options is the closest in meaning to the world below: Circuitous

(A) Cyclic (B) Indirect

(C) Confusing (D) Crooked

Soln. (56) Circuitous means deviating from a straight course ⇒Indirect

(A) Cyclic : Recurring in cycle

(B) Indirect : Not leading by a straight line
(C) Confusing : Lacking Clarity
(D) Crooked : Irregular shape

Option (B) is correct

57. The question below consists of a pair of related of related words followed by four pairs of
words. Select the pair that best expresses the relation in the original pair.

Unemployed: Worker

(A) fallow : land (B) unaware : sleeper

(C) wit : jester (D) renovated : house

Soln. (57) Unemployed worker ⇒Here one is opposite to other

(A) Fallow : land ⇒Undeveloped

Land⇒Appropriate choice.

(B) Unaware : steeper , both mean the same

 GATE-2010

(C) Wit : Jester to make jokes and jester is a joker

(D) Renovated : Homes ⇒House can be renovated.

Option (A) is correct

58. Choose the most appropriate word from the options given below to complete the following
sentence:

If we manage to ________ our natural resources, we would leave a better planet for our
children.

(A) uphold (B) restrain

(C) Cherish (D) conserve

Soln. (58) (A) Uphold : cause to remain ⇒not appropriate

(B) Restrain : Keep under control ⇒not appropriate

(C) Cherish : Be fond of ⇒not related

(D) Conserve : Keep in safety and project from harm decay,

Loss or destruction : Most appropriate

Option (D) is correct

59. Choose the most appropriate word from the options given below to complete the following
sentence:

His rather casual remarks on politics _________ his lack of seriousness about the subject.

(A) masked (B) belied

(C) betrayed (D) suppressed

Soln.(59) (A) Masked : Hide under a false appearance ⇒opposite.

(B) Belied : Be in contradiction with ⇒Not appropriation

(C) Betrayed : Reveal unintentionally ⇒most appropriate

(D) Suppressed: To put down by force or authority ⇒ irrelevant

Option (C) is correct

 GATE-2010

60. 25 persons are in a room. 15 of them play hockey, 17 of them play football and 10 of them
play both hockey and football. Then the number of persons playing neither hockey nor
football is:

(A) 2 (B) 17 (C) 13 (D) 3

Soln. (60) Using set theory.

n(A) : Number of people who play hockey =15

n(B) : Number of people who play football =17

n(A∩B) : persons who play both hockey and football = 10

n(A∪B) = persons who play either hockey or football or both.

Formula

< ∪ B = < + B − < ∩ B

< ∪ B =
² +
7 −
0 = 22

Thus the people who play neither hockey nor football = 25 – 22 = 3

Other method

Hence, neither hockey nor football = 3 players.

Option (D) is correct

Question No. 61-65 Carry Two Mark Each

61. Modern warfare has changed from large scale clashes of armies to suppression of civilian
populations. Chemical agents that do their work silently appear to be suited to such warfare;
and regretfully, there exist people in military establishments who think that chemical agents
are useful tools for their cause.

which of the following statements best sums up the meaning of the above passage:

(A) Modern warfare has resulted in civil strife.

(B) Chemical agents are useful in modern warfare.

(C) Use of chemical agents in warfare would be undesirable.

(D) People in military establishments like to use chemical agents in war.

Soln. (61) (A) Modern warfare has resulted in civil strife : Not appropriate

(B) chemical agents are useful in modern war fare : Not appropriate
 GATE-2010

(C) Use of chemical agents as war fare would be undesirable : Not appropriate or
wrong.

(D) people in military establishments like to use chemical agents in war : correct
choice.

Option (D) is correct

62. If 137+276=435 how much is 731+672?

(A) 534 (B) 1403

(C) 1623 (D) 1513

Soln. (62) Given 137+276=435

From the problem it is obvious that the addition is not in base 10, since the numbers add up to
different total in base 10 (which we use in daily life)

Intution: Consider units place and consider the total of 7+6 (base 10), which is 13 (base 10).
Since we have 5 in units place, the intuition would be that this would be base 8. Lets check
the sum for base 8 and the full sum matches., i.e

(137)8 +(276)8 = (435)8

Now solve the addition in base 8

(731)8 +(672)8 = (1623)8

fB Ø 2 +
= 6

Z Ø 6 + 7 = 2œZℎo[‹

Z Ø 7 + _ = ²œZℎo[‹

So option (C) is correct

63. 5 skilled workers can build a wall in 20 days; 8 semi-skilled worker can build a wall in
25days; 10 unskilled workers can build a wall in 30 days. If a team has 2 skilled, 6 semi-
skilled and 5 unskilled workers, how long will it take to build the wall?

(A) 20 days (B) 18 days

(C) 16 days (D) 15 days

Soln. (63) Per day work (Rate of 5 skilled workers)

=  20
1

So, Per day work of one skilled worker

 GATE-2010

=
1
5´20

Per day work of rate of 8 semi-skilled workers

=
1
25

Per day work of rate of one semi-skilled worker

=  8´25 =  200
1 1

Per-day work of 10 skilled workers

=  30
1

Per-day work of one semi-skilled worker

=  10´30 =  300
1 1

Thus total per day work of 2 skilled, 6 semi-skilled and 5 unskilled workers

=  100 +  200 +  300

2 6 5

12Q18Q10
=
600

=  600 =  15
40 1

Thus time to complete the work is 15 days

Option (D) is correct

64. Given digits 2,2,3,3,3,4,4,4,4 how many distinct 4 digit numbers greater than 3000 can be
formed?

(A) 50 (B) 51

(C) 52 (D) 54

Soln. (64) Given digits are

2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4

Numbers greater than 3000, will have either 3 or 4 in the thousands place. We can break this
into two parts, i.e. either thousands digit is 3 or it is 4.
 GATE-2010

Ist case First digit = 3

Rest 3 digits can be combination of

234, or 3! =6

223, or 3!/2! =3

224, or 3!/2! =3

332, or 3!/2! =3

334 or 3!/2! =3

442 or 3!/2! =3

443 or 3!/2! =3

444 or 1 =1

So total combination = 25

II Case First digit = 4

Rest 3 digit may be combination of

234 or 6

223 or 3

224 or 3

332 or 3

334 or 3

442 or 3

443 or 3

444 or 1

333 or 1

Total combination = 26

Required answer = 25+26=51

Option (B) is correct

 GATE-2010

65. Hari (H), Gita (G), Irfan (I) and Saira (S) are sibiligs (i.e. brothers and sisters). All were born
on 1st January. The age difference between any two successive siblings (that is born one after
another) is less than3 years. Given the following facts:

i. Hair’s age + Gita’s age > Irfan’s age + Saira’s age.

ii. The age difference between Gita and Saira is 1 year. However, Gita is not the oldest and
Saira is not the youngest.

iii. There are not twins.

In what order were they born (Oldest first)?

(A) HSIG (B) SGHI

(C) IGSH (D) IHSG

Soln. (65) As given

H+G> I +S

⇒ I – H< G – S ___________________ (1)

And G–S=1 ___________________ (2)

From equations. (1) and (2), we get

I–H<1

⇒H > I

So order is SGHI

Option B is correct