Uni en 15316-3-3 - 2008

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Licenza d'uso interno su postazione singola. Riproduzione vietata. E' proibito qualsiasi utilizzo in rete (LAN, internet, etc...)
Impianti di riscaldamento degli edifici

NORMA E U R OP E A
Metodo per il calcolo dei requisiti energetici e dei rendimenti dellimpianto

Parte 3-3: Impianti per la produzione di acqua calda sanitaria, generazione
UNI EN 15316-3-3
MAGGIO 2008 Heating systems in buildings
Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies

Part 3-3: Domestic hot water systems, generation La norma fa parte di una serie di norme sul metodo di calcolo dei requisiti energetici e dei rendimenti dellimpianto di riscaldamento degli edifici. La norma ha lo scopo di fornire i metodi di calcolo per: - le perdite termiche dellimpianto di generazione di acqua calda sanitaria; - le perdite termiche dellimpianto di generazione di acqua calda sanitaria recuperabili per il riscaldamento degli ambienti; - lenergia ausiliaria degli impianti di generazione di acqua calda sanitaria.
TESTO INGLESE
La presente norma la versione ufficiale in lingua inglese della norma europea EN 15316-3-3 (edizione ottobre 2007).
ICS
UNI Ente Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione Via Sannio, 2 20137 Milano, Italia
91.140.10
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Licenza d'uso concessa a UNIVERSITA' CENTRO ATENEO DOC.POLO MONTE DAGO per l'abbonamento anno 2008. Licenza d'uso interno su postazione singola. Riproduzione vietata. E' proibito qualsiasi utilizzo in rete (LAN, internet, etc...)
PREMESSA NAZIONALE
La presente norma costituisce il recepimento, in lingua inglese, della norma europea EN 15316-3-3 (edizione ottobre 2007), che assume cos lo status di norma nazionale italiana. La presente norma stata elaborata sotto la competenza dellente federato allUNI CTI - Comitato Termotecnico Italiano La presente norma stata ratificata dal Presidente dellUNI ed entrata a far parte del corpo normativo nazionale il 22 maggio 2008.
Le norme UNI sono elaborate cercando di tenere conto dei punti di vista di tutte le parti interessate e di conciliare ogni aspetto conflittuale, per rappresentare il reale stato dellarte della materia ed il necessario grado di consenso. Chiunque ritenesse, a seguito dellapplicazione di questa norma, di poter fornire suggerimenti per un suo miglioramento o per un suo adeguamento ad uno stato dellarte in evoluzione pregato di inviare i propri contributi allUNI, Ente Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione, che li terr in considerazione per leventuale revisione della norma stessa. Le norme UNI sono revisionate, quando necessario, con la pubblicazione di nuove edizioni o di aggiornamenti. importante pertanto che gli utilizzatori delle stesse si accertino di essere in possesso dellultima edizione e degli eventuali aggiornamenti. Si invitano inoltre gli utilizzatori a verificare lesistenza di norme UNI corrispondenti alle norme EN o ISO ove citate nei riferimenti normativi. UNI EN 15316-3-3:2008 UNI Pagina II
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM

ICS 91.140.10
EN 15316-3-3
October 2007
English Version
Heating systems in buildings - Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies - Part 3-3: Domestic hot water systems, generation
Systmes de chauffage dans les btiments - Mthode de calcul des besoins nergtiques et des rendements des systmes - Partie 3-3 : Systmes de production d'eau chaude sanitaire, gnration Heizungsanlagen in Gebuden - Verfahren zur Berechnung der Energieanforderungen und Nutzungsgrade der Anlagen - Teil 3-3: Trinkwassererwrmung, Erzeugung
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 18 August 2007. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels
2007 CEN
All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members.
Ref. No. EN 15316-3-3:2007: E
UNI EN 15316-3-3:2008
EN 15316-3-3:2007 (E)
Contents
Page
Foreword..............................................................................................................................................................4 Introduction .........................................................................................................................................................6 1 2 3 4 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.3.1 5.3.2 5.3.3 6 7 7.1 7.2 7.3 8 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.3.1 8.3.2 8.3.3 8.3.4 9 9.1 9.2 9.3 10 Scope ......................................................................................................................................................7 Normative references ............................................................................................................................7 Terms and definitions ...........................................................................................................................7 Symbols, units and indices ................................................................................................................10 Energy output of the domestic hot water generation sub-system .................................................11 General..................................................................................................................................................11 Domestic hot water systems with a single heat generator .............................................................11 Domestic hot water systems with multiple heat generators...........................................................12 General..................................................................................................................................................12 Domestic hot water systems with different types of heat generators in a series configuration ........................................................................................................................................12 Domestic hot water systems with multiple heat generators in a parallel configuration..............12 Indirectly heated hot water storage vessel .......................................................................................13 Primary circulation pipes....................................................................................................................14 General..................................................................................................................................................14 Thermal losses by a simple estimation method...............................................................................14 Thermal losses by a detailed calculation method............................................................................14 Direct heated domestic hot water generation devices ....................................................................14 General..................................................................................................................................................14 Heat generation systems in single-family dwellings .......................................................................15 Heat generation systems others than for single-family dwellings .................................................16 Oil and gas fired boilers ......................................................................................................................16 Direct gas fired domestic storage water heater ...............................................................................16 Direct electrical heated domestic storage water heaters ................................................................16 Alternative generators.........................................................................................................................17 Auxiliary energy ...................................................................................................................................17 Total auxiliary energy consumption ..................................................................................................17 Auxiliary energy consumption for primary circulation pumps.......................................................18 Auxiliary energy consumption for direct heated domestic hot water generation devices ..........18 Recoverable heat losses, recovered heat losses and unrecoverable heat losses.......................18
Annex A (informative) Calculation of thermal loss from a gas or oil fired boiler in systems other than for single family dwellings .........................................................................................................20 A.1 Calculation of total boiler thermal loss .............................................................................................20 A.2 Calculation of heat loss during boiler operation..............................................................................20 A.3 Calculation of stand-by heat loss ......................................................................................................21 A.3.1 General..................................................................................................................................................21 A.3.2 Average boiler temperature during a stand-by period.....................................................................21 A.3.3 Load factor of a boiler .........................................................................................................................21 A.3.4 Auxiliary energy consumption for a boiler .......................................................................................22 A.3.5 Nominal output efficiency of a boiler.................................................................................................22 Annex B (informative) Thermal loss from a gas fired domestic storage water heater ..............................24 Annex C (informative) Thermal loss from an electrical heated domestic storage water heater (with continuous power on)................................................................................................................26
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Annex D (informative) Thermal loss from an electrical heated domestic storage water heater (with timed power on)...................................................................................................................................27 Bibliography......................................................................................................................................................31
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Foreword
This document (EN 15316-3-3:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 228 Heating systems in buildings, the secretariat of which is held by DS. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2008. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association (Mandate M/343), and supports essential requirements of EU Directive 2002/91/EC on the energy performance of buildings (EPBD). It forms part of a series of standards aimed at European harmonisation of the methodology for calculation of the energy performance of buildings. An overview of the whole set of standards is given in prCEN/TR 15615.' The subjects covered by CEN/TC 228 are the following: design of heating systems (water based, electrical etc.); installation of heating systems; commissioning of heating systems; instructions for operation, maintenance and use of heating systems; methods for calculation of the design heat loss and heat loads; methods for calculation of the energy performance of heating systems.
Heating systems also include the effect of attached systems such as hot water production systems. All these standards are systems standards, i.e. they are based on requirements addressed to the system as a whole and not dealing with requirements to the products within the system. Where possible, reference is made to other European or International Standards, a.o. product standards. However, use of products complying with relevant product standards is no guarantee of compliance with the system requirements. The requirements are mainly expressed as functional requirements, i.e. requirements dealing with the function of the system and not specifying shape, material, dimensions or the like. The guidelines describe ways to meet the requirements, but other ways to fulfil the functional requirements might be used if fulfilment can be proved. Heating systems differ among the member countries due to climate, traditions and national regulations. In some cases requirements are given as classes so national or individual needs may be accommodated. In cases where the standards contradict with national regulations, the latter should be followed.
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EN 15316 Heating systems in buildings Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies consists of the following parts: Part 1: General Part 2-1: Space heating emission systems Part 2-3: Space heating distribution systems Part 3-1: Domestic hot water systems, characterisation of needs (tapping requirements) Part 3-2: Domestic hot water systems, distribution Part 3-3: Domestic hot water systems, generation Part 4-1: Space heating generation systems, combustion systems (boilers) Part 4-2: Space heating generation systems, heat pump systems Part 4-3: Heat generation systems, thermal solar systems Part 4-4: Heat generation systems, building-integrated cogeneration systems Part 4-5: Space heating generation systems, the performance and quality of district heating and large volume systems Part 4-6: Heat generation systems, photovoltaic systems Part 4-7: Space heating generation systems, biomass combustion systems According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
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Introduction
This European Standard is one of a number of standards that together describe methods for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies related to domestic hot water systems. In particular this European Standard specifies methods for calculation of the input energy requirements and energy losses of the generation units. The user needs to refer to other European Standards or to national documents for input data and detailed calculation procedures not provided by this European Standard. Only the calculation methods are normative. Values necessary to complete the calculations should be given in a national annex.
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Scope
This European Standard is part of a set of standards covering the methods for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies of heating systems in buildings. In particular this standard is one of a number of standards dealing with domestic hot water systems. The scope of this specific part is to standardise the methods for calculation of: thermal losses from the domestic hot water generation system; recoverable thermal losses for space heating from the domestic hot water generation system; auxiliary energy of the domestic hot water generation systems.
These values are input data for calculation of the overall energy use according to prEN 15603 and EN 15316-1. This European Standard specifies the: inputs; calculation methods; outputs.
Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 15316-3-2, Heating systems in buildings Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies Part 3-2 Domestic hot water systems, distribution prEN 50440, Efficiency of domestic electrical storage water-heaters
Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 auxiliary energy electrical energy used by technical building systems for heating, cooling, ventilation and/or domestic hot water to support energy transformation to satisfy energy needs
NOTE 1 This includes energy for fans, pumps, electronics etc. Electrical energy input to a ventilation system for air transport and heat recovery is not considered as auxiliary energy, but as energy use for ventilation. NOTE 2 In EN ISO 9488, the energy used for pumps and valves is called "parasitic energy".
3.2 building construction as a whole, including its envelope and all technical building systems, for which energy is used to condition the indoor climate, to provide domestic hot water and illumination and other services related to the use of the building
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NOTE The term can refer to the building as a whole or to parts thereof that have been designed or altered to be used separately.
3.3 calculation period period of time over which the calculation is performed
NOTE The calculation period can be divided into a number of calculation steps.
3.4 domestic hot water heating process of heat supply to raise the temperature of the cold water to the intended delivery temperature 3.5 energy need for domestic hot water heat to be delivered to the needed amount of domestic hot water to raise its temperature from the cold network temperature to the prefixed delivery temperature at the delivery point, not taking into account the technical building thermal systems 3.6 energy use for space heating or cooling or domestic hot water energy input to the space heating or cooling system or the domestic hot water system to satisfy the energy need for space heating or cooling (including dehumidification) or domestic hot water, respectively
NOTE If the technical building system serves several purposes (e.g. space heating and domestic hot water), it can be difficult to split the energy use into that used for each purpose. It can be indicated as a combined quantity (e.g. energy need for space heating and domestic hot water).
3.7 gross calorific value quantity of heat released by a unit quantity of fuel, when it is burned completely with oxygen at a constant pressure equal to 101 320 Pa, and when the products of combustion are returned to ambient temperature
NOTE 1 This quantity includes the latent heat of condensation of any water vapour contained in the fuel and of the water vapour formed by the combustion of any hydrogen contained in the fuel. NOTE 2 NOTE 3 According to ISO 13602-2, the gross calorific value is preferred to the net calorific value. The net calorific value does not take into account the latent heat of condensation.
3.8 heating or cooling season period of the year during which a significant amount of energy for heating or cooling is needed
NOTE The season lengths are used to determine the operation period of technical systems.
3.9 heat recovery heat generated by a technical building system or linked to a building use (e.g. domestic hot water) which is utilised directly in the related system to lower the heat input and which would otherwise be wasted (e.g. preheating of the combustion air by flue gas heat exchanger) 3.10 part load operation operation state of the technical system (e.g. heat pump), where the actual load requirement is below the actual output capacity of the device
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3.11 recoverable system thermal loss part of a system thermal loss which can be recovered to lower either the energy need for heating or cooling or the energy use of the heating or cooling system
NOTE This depends on the calculation approach chosen to calculate the recovered gains and losses (holistic or simplified approach).
3.12 recovered system thermal loss part of the recoverable system thermal loss which has been recovered to lower either the energy need for heating or cooling or the energy use of the heating or cooling system 3.13 system boundary boundary that includes within it all areas associated with the building (both inside and outside the building) where energy is consumed or produced
NOTE Inside the system boundary, the system losses are taken into account explicitly, outside the system boundary they are taken into account by the conversion factor.
3.14 system thermal loss thermal loss from a technical building system for heating, cooling, domestic hot water, humidification, dehumidification, or ventilation or lighting that does not contribute to the useful output of the system
NOTE 1 A system loss can become an internal heat gain for the building, if it is recoverable.
NOTE 2 Thermal energy recovered directly in the subsystem is not considered as a system thermal loss but as heat recovery and directly treated in the related system standard. NOTE 3 Heat dissipated by the lighting system or by other services (e.g. appliances of computer equipment) is not part of the system thermal losses, but part of the internal heat gains.
3.15 tapping program 24-hour cycle that defines a number of domestic hot water draw-off requirements: succession of energy needs corresponding to uses of domestic hot water during a day
NOTE The tapping program is also called tapping cycle and tapping patterns.
3.16 technical building system technical equipment for heating, cooling, ventilation, domestic hot water, lighting and electricity production composed by sub-systems
NOTE 1 A technical building system can refer to one or to several building services (e.g. heating system, space heating and domestic hot water system). NOTE 2 Electricity production can include cogeneration and photovoltaic systems.
3.17 technical building sub-system part of a technical building system that performs a specific function (e.g. heat generation, heat distribution, heat emission)
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Symbols, units and indices
For the purposes of this document, the following symbols and units (Table 1) and indices (Table 2) apply. Table 1 Symbols and units
Symbol A D L t Q P V W x, y, z Name of quantity area diameter length time, period of time quantity of heat, energy electrical power volume auxiliary (electrical) energy constants load factor part efficiency celsius temperature coefficient of relative quantity of energy delivered versus maximum energy stored C Unit m m m s J W m J 3 2
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Table 2 Indices
amb avg del dis e em gen in ind int ambiant average delivered distribution external emission generation input to system independent internal ls max meas mn nd nom off on out p loss maximum measured arithmetic mean need nominal off on output from system primary p sby sol st Tot ve W x pipe stand-by solar storage total ventilation domestic hot water indices
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5.1
Energy output of the domestic hot water generation sub-system

General
The heat generator for a domestic hot water system shall provide the energy required for meeting the energy need for domestic hot water and for compensating the losses in the other sub-systems (e.g. distribution). The energy requirement on the heat generator is given by:
QW ,gen ,out = QW + QW ,dis,ls + QW ,st ,ls + QW , p ,ls

where
(MJ/day)
(1)
QW , gen,out
QW
is the total generation output (MJ/day); is the domestic hot water requirement (see EN 15316-3-1) (MJ/day); is the thermal loss from domestic hot water distribution system (see EN 15316-3-2) (MJ/day); is the thermal loss from the domestic hot water storage vessel (if present) (MJ/day); is the thermal loss from primary pipes (if present) (MJ/day).
QW ,dis ,ls QW , st ,ls QW , p ,ls
If the heat generator or generators also provide space heating, the performance of the heat generator shall be calculated separately for operation during the summer period, when there is no space heating demand, and operation during the winter period, when both space heating and domestic hot water is being provided.
5.2
Domestic hot water systems with a single heat generator
If a single heat generator is applied, the total generation output has to be provided from that heat generator.
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5.3
5.3.1
Domestic hot water systems with multiple heat generators

General
If more than one heat generator is applied to provide the required heat energy for domestic hot water, the contribution from each heat generator is calculated on the basis of the nominal output of each individual heat generator. If any or all of these heat generators have separate primary pipe circuits, the primary pipe losses and the auxiliary energy consumption should be calculated separately for each circuit. 5.3.2 Domestic hot water systems with different types of heat generators in a series configuration
If the domestic hot water is heated by different types of heat generators in a series configuration, the contribution of each individual heat generator shall be determined. Calculations are to be performed in the sequence of application of the heat generators for energy generation.
NOTE Normally it is assumed, that the domestic hot water can be heated by a maximum of three heat generators: pre-heating by e.g. solar panels, base heating and supplementary heating to meet the peak load.
If heat energy is supplied to the domestic hot water system from other types of appliances (e.g. exhaust air heat pump, see EN 15450 and prEN 15316-4-2), only the remaining heat demand is covered by the supplementary heat generator (e.g. a boiler). 5.3.3 Domestic hot water systems with multiple heat generators in a parallel configuration
If more than one heat generator is applied in a parallel configuration to provide the required heat energy for domestic hot water, the proportional contribution W , gen ,i of each unit is calculated from the ratio of the nominal output of that unit to the total nominal output of the installation available for heating the domestic hot water.
QW , gen,out ,i = W , gen,i * QW , gen,out =
QW , gen,nom ,i
Q
i
* QW , gen,out
(MJ/day)
(2)
W , gen ,nom ,i
For heating the domestic water, a number of heat generators (e.g. solar panel, boiler, heat pump, or electrical ancillary heating) can be available. The total heat requirement for all loads shall correspond to the total heat output of all heat generators:
Q
j
W, gen, out, j
= QW, dis, in, k

k
(MJ)
(3)
where
QW , gen,out , j is the energy output of heat generator j during the time period considered (MJ); QW ,dis ,in ,k
is the energy input to the distribution system k during the time period considered (MJ).
If more than one heat generator is applied, the total heat demand of the distribution system
QW , dis , in is
distributed amongst the available heat generators. The calculations are to be performed independently for each heat generator j on the basis of QW , gen , out and W , gen , j .
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Indirectly heated hot water storage vessel
The storage thermal loss from an indirectly heated hot water storage vessel can be obtained from the standby heat loss of the vessel. The total heat dissipated from the storage vessel over the time period considered is quantified as a loss. The storage thermal loss is calculated from the stand-by heat loss with adjustment to actual temperature difference as follows:
QW ,st ,ls =
where
(W ,st ,avg amb,avg ) W ,st ,sby
QW ,st ,sby
(MJ/day)
(4)
W , st , avg
amb,avg
is the average temperature of stored water ( C); is the average ambient temperature ( C); is the average temperature difference applied at stand-by heat loss tests ( C); is the stand-by heat loss (MJ/day).
o o
W ,st ,sby
QW ,st ,sby
The weekly, monthly or annual thermal losses are obtained by multiplying the thermal loss per day by the appropriate number of days. The stand-by heat loss of the storage vessel has to be measured in accordance with a European Standard or national standard, e.g. EN 12897, appropriate for the vessel size and type. The measured stand-by heat loss is based on the actual temperatures during the period of operation. The standard to be used for the measurement shall be specified in a national annex. If the stand-by heat loss of the storage vessel is not available, a value can be calculated on the basis of an equation of the form;
QW ,st ,sby = x + y VW ,st

where
(MJ/day)
(5)
VW , st
x, y and z
is the volume per vessel (litres); are constants.
Values for the constanst x ,
y and z shall be given in a national annex.
The stand-by heat loss from older storage vessels can be estimated in a similar way, where values for the constants x , y and z shall also be given in a national annex. Alternatively, a national annex may specify the stand-by heat loss based on storage volume and insulation type and thickness. If the hot water storage vessel is located within the heated space of the building, part of the storage thermal loss may be recovered (see Clause 10). Connecting pipes to the storage water heater may increase the storage thermal loss, particularly if the pipes are not insulated. These additional losses are caused by circulation set up in the connecting pipes between
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the hot water in the storage vessel and cooler water in the pipes away from the vessel. If these losses are to be taken into account, the method shall be given in a national annex.
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7.1
Primary circulation pipes

General
Where the domestic hot water is supplied from an indirectly heated hot water storage vessel, the heat energy is supplied from a separate heat generator. The hot water storage vessel may be located adjacent to or remote from the heat generator. Thermal losses QW , p ,ls occur from the primary circulation pipes between the heat generator and the hot water storage vessel, and these losses can be calculated by two different methods:
a simple estimation method; a detailed calculation method.
The hot water storage vessel may be incorporated into the heat generator appliance and thus the thermal loss of the primary circulation pipes may be taken into account by the overall appliance efficiency measurements. For gas appliances with a hot water storage vessel incorporated and intended to be installed in single family dwellings, measurements according to EN 13203-2 include the thermal loss of the primary circulation pipes.
7.2
Thermal losses by a simple estimation method
A simple method for estimating the thermal losses from primary circulation pipes is to use a fixed representative value. For application of this method, appropriate values shall be given in a national annex.
7.3
Thermal losses by a detailed calculation method
For this detailed calculation method the methods for calculation of thermal losses from pipes given in EN 15316-3-2 shall be followed for the primary circulation pipes. Calculation of the thermal losses from the primary circulation pipes should be based on the actual length of the pipes, if available. If the detailed pipe network plan is not available, representative values for the pipe lengths can be applied. These values shall be given in a national annex.
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8.1
Direct heated domestic hot water generation devices

General
Energy labelling legislation requires efficiency measurements to be obtained for domestic hot water heat generators to be applied in single-family dwellings. These requirements are intended to be independent of the fuel source and heat generator type, and are therefore treated separately in 8.2. Where domestic hot water generation systems are installed in buildings providing multi-family accommodation or in commercial buildings, the efficiency of the domestic hot water generation is based on the appliance performance standards appropriate for that appliance technology (see 8.3).
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8.2
Heat generation systems in single-family dwellings
The domestic hot water generation efficiency for heat generation systems in single-family dwellings is intended to be required to meet energy labelling legislation. Standards developed to show compliance with the corresponding directive are to incorporate test procedures against three common domestic hot water tapping programs. The results of such tests provide domestic hot water generation efficiency based on each of the tapping programs. If the appliance is not intended to provide the domestic hot water requirement corresponding to all three tapping programs, this is to be identified in the appliance specification, containing test results only for the applicable hot water tapping programs. For this method, it is not necessary to have results from all three tapping programs. The method is based on an efficiency value corresponding to the average tapping program and either the higher tapping program or the lower tapping program, depending on whether the domestic hot water energy requirement is above or below the energy requirement corresponding to the average tapping program. The domestic hot water generation efficiency related to the actual domestic hot water use can be obtained by linear interpolation as follows: For domestic hot water use below the average, i.e. Q1
< QW , gen , out < Q2

(6)
W , gen = 2 0,074 2 * ( 2 1 ) * (21, 042 QW , gen,out )

For domestic hot water use above the average, i.e. Q2
< QW , gen, out < Q3

(7)
W , gen = 2 + 0,047 8 * ( 3 2 ) * (QW , gen,out 21,042)

where
1 2
3
QW , gen, out
If QW , gen , out If QW , gen , out
is the efficiency at low tapping program (N1) with
Q1 = 7,560 MJ/day (~ 2,100 kWh/day); Q2 = 21,042 MJ/day (~ 5,845 kWh/day);
is the efficiency at average tapping program (N2) with is the efficiency at high tapping program (N3) with is the energy output of the generator (MJ/day).
Q3 = 41,958 MJ/day (~ 11,655 kWh/day);
< Q1 then QW , gen,out is replaced by Q1 in Equation (6). > Q3 , test results may be available for higher tapping cycles. In this case, interpolation between
Q2 and the higher tapping cycle can be applied.

QW , gen, out is obtained by: QW , gen, out = QW + QW , dis ,ls + QW , st ,ls + QW , p ,ls
(MJ/day) (8)
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8.3
8.3.1
Heat generation systems others than for single-family dwellings

Oil and gas fired boilers
The total thermal loss from a boiler is based on:
nominal output efficiency
W , gen, nom ;
stand-by heat loss QW , gen ,ls ,sby ; nominal heat output
QW , gen, nom .
These values have to be determined by measurements, e.g. in accordance with EU Directive 92/42, EN 304, EN 297, EN 483, EN 656, EN 625 (for combination boilers), or EN 677 (for condensing boilers). If measurements are not available, fixed default values shall be given. Default values shall be provided in a national annex. The calculation method is given in Annex A. A national annex may specify default values if specific test results are not available. For older boilers, for which the efficiency and the stand-by heat loss may not be known, values may be given in a national annex. 8.3.2 Direct gas fired domestic storage water heater
The efficiency of a direct gas fired domestic storage water heater should be obtained from tests in accordance with EN 89. If no efficiency values are available, minimum values may be provided in a national annex. These values should not be lower than the default values given in Annex B. The energy required to maintain the hot water temperature is assumed to be equal to the heat loss to the surroundings. This value should be obtained from the test method specified in EN 89 and may be quoted by the manufacturer. If no value is available, a default value shall be used. The default value is calculated on the basis of the maximum value specified in EN 89 for the maintenance energy requirement. This is assumed to be 20 % less than the maximum value allowed. The calculation method is described in Annex B. For older systems, where the manufacturers data is not available and measurements cannot be made, the values to be used shall be given in a national annex. 8.3.3 8.3.3.1 Direct electrical heated domestic storage water heaters General
Electrical heated domestic storage water heaters may be heated continuously or heated for a defined period of the day.
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8.3.3.2
Electrical heated domestic storage water heaters - power continuously on
The efficiency of a direct electrical heated domestic storage water heater shall be obtained from tests in accordance with prEN 50440. The thermal loss is assumed to be equal to the energy required to maintain the hot water temperature, i.e. equal to the heat loss to the surroundings. This value shall be obtained from the test method specified in prEN 50440 and may be quoted by the manufacturer. The calculation method is described in Annex C. If values of the parameters for determining the stand-by heat loss are not available, default values shall be provided in a national annex. For older systems, where the manufacturers data is not available and measurements cannot be made, the values to be used shall be given in a national annex. 8.3.3.3 Electrical heated domestic storage water heaters - power not continuously on
These appliances provide domestic hot water from a stored quantity of hot water. As the hot water is supplied to the user outlets, the hot water in the storage vessel is depleted. These appliances use power during a certain heating period, usually coinciding with a low tariff period, to recover the hot water temperature in the storage vessel. The total energy of the hot water taken from the storage vessel is equal to the energy of the domestic hot water requirement and the losses in the distribution system. In addition, energy is needed to overcome the losses from the hot water storage vessel. Efficiency for electrical heated domestic storage water heaters is directly related to stand-by losses, which are measured in steady conditions (EN 60379) or obtained from dynamic tests representing daily tapping patterns (prEN 50440). The method to be used is partly dependant on building type and the application of the domestic hot water system. The standard to be used shall be given in a national annex. The calculation method, to estimate daily thermal losses corresponding to average design tapping cycles, is described in Annex D. If values of the parameters for determining the daily thermal losses are not available, default values shall be provided in a national annex. For older systems, where the manufacturers data is not available and measurements cannot be made, the values to be used shall be given in a national annex. 8.3.4 Alternative generators
For systems, where all or part of the domestic hot water energy requirement is provided by heat generators which are not oil or gas fired units or electrical heated systems, the efficiency of the heat generator is determined from the relevant standards.
9
9.1
Auxiliary energy
Total auxiliary energy consumption
The total auxiliary energy consumption for the domestic hot water generation sub-system WW , gen ,aux is given by:
WW , gen,aux = WW , gen, pmp + WW , gen, gen

where
(MJ/day)
(9)
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WW , gen, pmp WW , gen, gen

9.2
is the auxiliary energy consumption for primary circulation pumps (MJ/day); is the auxiliary energy consumption for domestic hot water generation devices MJ/day).
Auxiliary energy consumption for primary circulation pumps
Electrical energy is required for the circulation pump to overcome the pressure drop within the primary circulation system between the heat generator and the hot water storage vessel. If the circulation pump is contained within the heat generator, the auxiliary energy required is considered as part of the auxiliary energy for the heat generator. The auxiliary energy measure in accordance with an appropriate appliance standard for the heat generator should then be used. If a separate circulation pump is applied, the auxiliary energy consumption should be determined separately. The circulation pump may also be used in the space heating system. Care shall be taken to take the auxiliary energy consumption into account only once. Methods for calculation of the auxiliary energy consumption for circulation loops are given in EN 15316-3-2. These methods shall be followed for calculation of the auxiliary energy consumption for primary circulation pipes. Either the simplified method or the detailed calculation method may be applied. Details and default values to be used shall be given in a national annex.
9.3
Auxiliary energy consumption for direct heated domestic hot water generation devices
Auxiliary energy is required for operation of the burner, operation of the primary circulation pump and operation of any other equipment related to operation of the heat generation sub-system and being an integral part of that system. Auxiliary energy consumption shall be measured according to an appropriate product standard. Auxiliary energy, normally in the form of electrical energy, may partially be recoverable for space heating or be recovered as energy transmitted to the water of the primary circulation circuit. A national annex may specify default values, if specific test results are not available. An example is given in A.3.4.
10
Recoverable heat losses, recovered heat losses and unrecoverable heat losses
The calculated system losses are not all necessarily lost. Some of the system losses are recoverable for space heating and a proportion of these may actually be recovered and contribute to the space heating. The recoverable system losses are expressed as a fraction of the generation thermal losses and a fraction of the generation auxiliary energy.
QW , gen,ls ,rbl = QW , gen,ls * fW , gen,ls ,rbl + WW , gen,aux * fW , gen,aux ,rbl

where
(MJ/day)
(10)
fW , gen,ls ,rbl
is the fraction of generation thermal losses recoverable for space heating;
fW , gen,aux ,rbl is the fraction of generation auxiliary energy consumption recoverable for space heating.
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The fractions depend on e.g. location of the pipes, location of the pump, location of the storage vessel, duration of the heating season. If the storage vessel is installed in the heated space of the building, the thermal losses may be recoverable. However, recoverable losses can only be considered during periods of the year where there is a significant space heating demand. The proportion of the total recoverable system losses that can be recovered is determined according to other standards (e.g. EN ISO 13790, prEN 15603) for which the total recoverable system losses are provided as an input. The fractions shall be specified in a national annex. If a national annex is not provided or does not include these values, it is considered that no system losses are recoverable for the space heating. ( QW , gen ,ls ,rbl = 0). Under some circumstances, the recoverable system losses may add to the cooling load required in a building. Some of the auxiliary energy may be recovered as heat in the domestic hot water system, e.g. electrical energy supplied to the circulation pump is transferred as thermal energy to the circulating water. For the purpose of the calculations, the auxiliary energy recovered as thermal energy to the circulating water is to be taken into account directly as a reduction of the thermal losses. In many systems, the same heat generator supplies space heating and heating for the domestic hot water. Care shall be taken to ensure, that only those recoverable heat losses which are not already accounted for in the analysis of the space heating system are taken into account in the analysis of the domestic hot water system.
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EN 15316-3-3:2007 (E)
Annex A (informative) Calculation of thermal loss from a gas or oil fired boiler in systems other than for single family dwellings
A.1 Calculation of total boiler thermal loss

The total thermal loss from a boiler is calculated from the heat loss during operation and the stand-by heat loss as follows:
QW , gen ,ls = QW , gen ,ls,on + QW , gen ,ls ,sby

where
(MJ/day)
(A.1)
QW , gen ,ls QW , gen ,ls,on QW , gen ,ls ,sby
is the total thermal loss from boiler (MJ/day); is the heat loss from boiler during boiler operation (MJ/day); is the stand-by heat loss from boiler (MJ/day).
A.2 Calculation of heat loss during boiler operation

The heat loss during the boiler operation period is calculated by:
QW , gen,ls ,on = (1 ( H i / H s ) gen,nom , Hi ) Q gen.,out

where
(MJ/day)
(A.2)
QW , gen ,ls,on
Q gen ,out
is the heat loss from boiler during boiler operation (MJ/day);
is the heat output of boiler (MJ/day); is the efficiency of boiler at nominal output expressed for
3
gen ,nom,Hi
Hi ;
Hs Hi
is the higher calorific value of the fuel (kWh/kg or kWh/m ); is the lower calorific value of the fuel (kWh/kg or kWh/m ).
3
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A.3 Calculation of stand-by heat loss

A.3.1 General
The stand-by heat loss, QW , gen ,ls ,sby , during periods where the boiler is not providing heat to a storage vessel or directly to the domestic hot water, is calculated by:
QW , gen,ls , sby = 3,6 * QW , gen, sby , meas *

where
( W , gen, avg sp , avg ) (70 20)
* (24 tW , gen, nom )
(MJ/day)
(A.3)
QW , gen ,ls,sby
is the stand-by heat loss from boiler (MJ/day); is the stand-by heat loss at a boiler temperature of 70 C and room temperature of 20 C (kW);
QW , gen,sby ,meas
W , gen, avg sp , avg

tW , gen, nom
is the average boiler temperature during a stand-by period (C); is the average room temperature (C); is the period of provision of energy for domestic hot water at nominal heat output (h/day).
During periods where the boiler provides space heating, the present stand-by heat losses are assumed to be zero. Any heat energy generated during these periods and not used in the provision of space heating is to be considered as heat losses in the assessment of the space heating energy requirements.
A.3.2 Average boiler temperature during a stand-by period

The average boiler temperature during a stand-by period depends on a number of factors. These include the boiler controls, type of storage vessel (if applied) and associated space heating operation. For simplification, the average boiler temperature during a stand-by period, W , gen , avg , is assumed to be 50 C, except for flow water heaters where it is assumed to be 40 C.
A.3.3 Load factor of a boiler

The load factor of a boiler related to provision of domestic hot water is calculated as follows:
W , gen =
where
tW , gen, nom t gen, nom
(Q
+ QW , dis ,ls + QW , st ,ls + QW , p ,ls ) * W , gen
(3,6 * P
gen , nom
* t gen, nom )
(-)
(A.4)
W , gen
t gen, nom tW , gen, nom
is the part load factor of the boiler related to provision of domestic hot water (-); is the running time of the boiler at nominal heat output (h/day); is the period of provision of energy for domestic hot water (h/day);
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QW
QW , dis ,ls QW , st ,ls QW , p , ls
Pgen ,nom
is the energy need for domestic hot water (see EN 15316-3-1) (MJ/day); is the thermal losses from the domestic hot water distribution system (see EN 15316-3-2) (MJ/day); is the thermal losses from the domestic hot water storage vessel (if present) (MJ/day); is the thermal loss from primary pipes (if present) (MJ/day); is the nominal heat output of the boiler (kW); is the proportional contribution of the boiler (if the heat load is provided by more than one heat generator).
W , gen
A.3.4 Auxiliary energy consumption for a boiler

The auxiliary energy consumption for operation of the boiler is calculated on the basis of the auxiliary power consumption Pgen ,aux ,nom of the boiler measured at 100 % full load in accordance with Council Directive 92/42, i.e. at a volume flow rate corresponding to nominal heat output and a temperature difference between flow temperature and return temperature of 20 K. If the boiler is permanently equipped with a pump operated for heating the domestic hot water in an external and indirectly heated storage vessel, the auxiliary power consumption is determined at an external hydraulic pressure loss of 10 kPa. If the boiler is permanently equipped with a circulation pump and a storage vessel or heat transfer agent (a combination boiler), determination of the auxiliary power consumption has to be carried out on this combination boiler.
WW , gen, aux = 3,6 * tW , gen ,nom * Pgen, aux , nom = 3,6 * W , gen * t gen, nom * Pgen, aux , nom
where
(MJ/day)
(A.5)
WW , gen,aux
tW , gen, nom
Pgen ,aux ,nom
is the auxiliary energy requirement for the boiler (MJ/day);
is the period of provision of energy for domestic hot water (h/day); is the auxiliary power consumption of the boiler (kW); is the part load factor of the boiler related to provision of domestic hot water (-); is the running time of the boiler at nominal heat output (h/day).
W , gen
t gen, nom
If values of the parameters for determining the auxiliary energy consumption are not available, default values are to be provided.
A.3.5 Nominal output efficiency of a boiler

Nominal output efficiency of a boiler,
gen, nom , is determined from the nominal output of the boiler,
Pgen ,nom,out
in (kW) at a test temperature of 70 C, as follows: Standard boiler:
gen, nom = (84,0 + 2,0 * log(Pgen, nom ,out )) / 100
(A.6)
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Low-temperature boiler: Condensing boiler: Improved condensing boiler:
gen, nom = (87,5 + 1,5 * log(Pgen, nom,out )) / 100 gen, nom = (91,0 + 1,0 * log(Pgen, nom,out )) / 100 gen, nom = (94,0 + 1,0 * log(Pgen, nom ,out )) / 100
(A.7) (A.8) (A.9)
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EN 15316-3-3:2007 (E)
Annex B (informative) Thermal loss from a gas fired domestic storage water heater
The energy required to maintain the hot water temperature in the storage water heater is assumed to be equal to the heat loss. This value is obtained by the test method specified in EN 89 and may be quoted by the manufacturer. If no value is specified by the manufacturer, a default value is to be applied. The default value is calculated on the basis of the maximum value specified in EN 89 for the maintenance energy requirement and is assumed to be 20 % lower than the maximum value allowed. The maintenance power,
P W , gen / st , ls , is calculated by:
For appliances of any nominal capacity with a heating-up time of 45 min. or more and for appliances with a nominal capacity up to 200 l with a heating-up time less than 45 min.:
PW , gen / st ,ls = 0,8 ( 11 VW , gen / st

or
0 , 67
+ 0,015 Pgen / st , nom )
(W)
(B.1)
P W , gen / st , ls = 250 W if the value given by Equation (B.1) is lower.
For appliances with a nominal capacity exceeding 200 l with a heating-up time less than 45 min.:
PW , gen / st ,ls = 0,8 ( 9 VW , gen / st

or where
0 , 67
+ 0,017 Pgen / st ,nom )
(W)
(B.2)
P W , gen / st , ls = 250 W if the value given by Equation (B.2) is lower
VW , gen / st
Pgen / st ,nom
is the nominal capacity of the storage water heater (litres); is the nominal heat input of the storage water heater (W).
It is assumed that the total heat dissipated from the storage water heater is quantified as a loss. The total thermal loss is calculated from the maintenance power with adjustment to actual temperature difference and the boiler efficiency as follows:
QW , gen,ls =
where
( W , gen / st , avg amb, avg ) W , gen / st , avg
3,6 * PW , gen / st ,ls 1 000
* 24 + (1 gen ) * QW , gen,out
(MJ/day)
(B.3)
W , gen / st , avg amb, avg

W , gen / st , avg
is the average water temperature in the storage water heater ( C); is the average ambient temperature ( C); is the average temperature difference used for determination of the maintenance power ( C);
o o
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P W , gen / st , ls
is the maintenance power of the storage water heater (W); is the efficiency of boiler (-); is the heat output of boiler (MJ/day).
gen
QW , gen,out
The following minimum efficiency values can be applied as default values:
gen gen
= 84 % for all appliances, except for condensing appliances; = 98 % for condensing appliances.
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EN 15316-3-3:2007 (E)
Annex C (informative) Thermal loss from an electrical heated domestic storage water heater (with continuous power on)
The thermal loss is assumed to be equal to the energy required to maintain the hot water temperature in the storage water heater, i.e. equal to the stand-by heat loss of the storage water heater. This value is obtained by the test method specified in prEN 50440 and may be quoted by the manufacturer. The storage thermal loss,
QW , gen / st ,ls , is calculated from the stand-by heat loss with adjustment to actual
temperature difference as follows:
QW , gen,ls = QW , gen / st ,ls =
W , gen / st ,avg amb,avg

45
QW , gen / st ,meas
(t 6 t5 )
* 24
o
(MJ/day)
(C.1)
W , gen / st , avg amb, avg

t6 t5
QW , gen / st ,meas
is the average water temperature in the storage water heater ( C); is the average ambient temperature ( C);
o
is the duration of test period (h) (see Annex D, Figure D.1); is the stand-by heat loss of storage water heater at an average temperature difference of 45 C during test period (MJ).
o
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EN 15316-3-3:2007 (E)
Annex D (informative) Thermal loss from an electrical heated domestic storage water heater (with timed power on)
This calculation method is used to predict the energy consumption of an electrical heated storage water heater with timed power on relevant to daily tapping cycles. The energy consumption of an electrical storage water heater is considered to comprise the following:
energy demand at the entry of the storage water heater (for covering domestic hot water energy demand and distribution losses); thermal losses.
The hot water is thermally stratified within the hot water storage vessel, due to the precondition that the heating up period is separated from the hot water draw-off period. The thermal losses to the environment surrounding the storage water heater can be considered as dependent on the surface of the storage water heater adjacent to the hot part of the stored water. The basis of the calculation is thus to determine the average value of the surface of the storage water heater corresponding to the part of the vessel that remains hot during a daily cycle. The calculations are based on a simplified hot water draw-off schedule by referring the daily hot water demand to three momentary times: morning, noon and evening.
Key
1 morning demand 2 noon demand 3 evening demand 4 heating up
Figure D.1 Indication of the change in surface relevant to heat loss estimations due to hot water draw-offs
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The storage thermal loss
QW , gen / st , ls is calculated as follows:
QW , gen ,ls = QW , gen / st ,ls

with:
AW , gen / st ,mn = QW , gen / st ,ls ,nom A W , gen / st ,max

(MJ/day)
(D.1)
AW , gen / st , max = * DW , gen / st * LW , gen / st
D L + 2 * * W , gen / st * n * W , gen / st 4 DW , gen / st
(m )
(D.2)
AW , gen / st ,mn =
where
1 5 AW ,gen / st ,i (t(i+1) ti ) 24 i=0
(m )
(D.3)
i corresponds to each of the time steps according to Figure D.1 and:
for i
= 0 and 5
AW , gen / st ,i = * DW , gen / st * LW , gen / st + 2 * *
DW , gen / st 4
(m )
2
(D.4)
for 1 i 4 and:
AW , gen / st ,i = * DW , gen / st * LW , gen / st * (1 X i ) + *
DW , gen / st 4
(m )
(D5)
for 1 i 3
Xi =
Q
j =1
W , gen / st , j
QW , gen / st ,in
0,5 * QW , del QW , gen / st , in
(-)
(D6)
for i = 4
Xi =
(-)
(D7)
and:
QW , gen / st , j energy (MJ) corresponding to morning demand (j = 1), noon demand (j = 2) or evening
demand (j = 3) according to the simplified tapping pattern
QW , gen / st ,in = t 4 t 0 = 16 t5 t4 =
4,182 * VW , gen / st * (60 15) 1 000
(MJ)
(D.8)
(h)
(D.9)
QW ,del + QW , gen / st ,ls , nom 3,6 * PW
(h)
(D.10)
t 6 t 5 = 8 (t 5 t 4 )
(h)
(D.11)
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EN 15316-3-3:2007 (E)
where
DW , gen / st LW , gen / st
is the external diameter (m); is the external height of the appliance (m); is the heat transfer coefficient; is the time switch for hot water draw-off or heating up (h); is the standardized value for thermal losses (MJ/day); is the rated capacity ( l ); is the power of the energy supply (kW) is the energy delivered regarding the tapping pattern considered (MJ/day); is the surface taken into account for calculation when the water heater is in hot conditions (m);
n =1,25 ti
QW , gen / st ,ls ,nom VW , gen / st
PW
QW ,del AW , gen / st , max AW , gen / st , mn
is the surface of the appliance equivalent to a mean value for a daily cycle (m); is the coefficient representing the relative quantity of energy delivered versus the maximum energy stored;
Xi
QW , gen / st ,in
is the maximum quantity of heat energy that could be stored in the appliance (MJ).
Calculation example: Table D.1 Calculation example, inputs Description Value and unit
External diameter External height of the appliance Heat transfer coefficient
DW , st = 0,52 m
LW ,st = 1,42 m
n = 1,25
Standardized value for thermal losses Q W , gen / st ,ls , nom = 1,71 MJ/day Rated capacity V = 200 litres
W , st
Power of energy supply
PW = 2,2 kW
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Other parameters needed: energy delivered depending on the tapping pattern (see EN 15316-3-1) QW ,del = for pattern 1: 7,560 MJ/day, for pattern 2: 21,042 MJ/day, for pattern 3: 41,958 MJ/day surface taken into account for calculation when the water heater is in hot condition AW , gen / st ,max = 3,77 m maximum quantity of heat energy that could be stored in the appliance QW , gen / st ,in = 37,638 MJ (i.e. tapping pattern 3 not applicable)
Table D.2 Calculation example, results Calculated figures Result with tapping pattern 1 Result with tapping pattern 2
2 2
AW , gen / st , 0
t1- t0
2,744 m
2,744 m
0,50 h (t1 = 07:30) 1,512 MJ 0,040 2 2,439 m

2
0,25 h (t1 = 07:15) 8,064 MJ 0,214 3 2,035 m

2
QW , gen / st ,1
X1
AW , gen / st ,1
t2- t1
5,25 h (t2 = 12:45) 1,890 MJ 0,090 4 2,322 m

2
5,75 h (t2 = 13:00) 3,402 MJ 0,304 6 1,826 m

2
QW , gen / st , 2
X2
AW , gen / st , 2
t3- t2
7,25 h (t3 = 20:00) 4,158 MJ 0,200 9 2,066 m

2
7,50 h (t3 = 20:30) 9,576 MJ 0,559 1 1,235 m

2
QW , gen / st ,3
X3
AW , gen / st ,3
t4- t3
3,00 h (t4 = 23:00) 7,560 MJ 0,100 4 2,299 m

2
2,50 h (t4 = 23:00) 21,042 MJ 0,279 5 1,884 m

2
QW ,del
X4
AW , gen / st , 4
t5- t4
1,17 h (t5 = 00:10) 2,744 m

2
2,87 (t5 = 01:52) 2,744 m

2
AW , gen / st ,5
t6- t5
6,83 h (t6 = 07:00)

2,44 m 0,99 MJ/day
5,13 (t6 = 07:00)

2,03 m 0,79 MJ/day
AW , gen / st ,mn
QW , gen ,ls
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EN 15316-3-3:2007 (E)
Bibliography
[1]
EN 13203-2, Gas-fired domestic appliances producing hot water Appliances not exceeding 70 kW heat input and 300 l water storage capacity Part 2: Assessment of energy consumption EN 15316-1, Heating systems in buildings Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies Part 1: General EN 15316-2-3, Heating systems in buildings Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies Part 2-3, Space heating distribution systems EN 15316-3-1, Heating systems in buildings Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies Part 3-1 Domestic hot water systems, characterisation of needs (tapping requirements) prEN 15316-4-1 1 , Heating systems in buildings Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies Part 4-1: Space heating generation systems, combustion systems (boilers) prEN 15316-4-2 , Heating systems in buildings Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies Part 4-2: Space heating generation systems, heat pump systems EN 15316-4-3, Heating systems in buildings Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies Part 4-3: Heat generation systems, thermal solar systems EN 15316-4-4, Heating systems in buildings Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies Part 4-4: Heat generation systems, building integrated cogeneration systems EN 15316-4-5, Heating systems in buildings Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies Part 4-5: Space heating generation systems, the performance and quality of district heating and large volume systems EN 15316-4-6, Heating systems in buildings Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies Part 4-6: Heat generation systems, photovoltaic systems prEN 15316-4-7 , Heating systems in buildings Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies Part 4-7: Space heating generation systems, biomass combustion systems EN 15450, Heating systems in buildings Design of heat pump heating systems prEN 15603, Energy performance of buildings Overall energy use and definitions of energy ratings prCEN/TR 15615 , Explanation of the general relationship between various European standards and the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) ("Umbrella document") EN 603792 , Methods for measuring the performance of electric storage water-heaters for household purposes (IEC 60379:1987, modified)
) 1) 1) 1) )
[2]
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[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]
[10]
[11]
[12] [13] [14]
[15]
1) To be published. 2) Will be superseded by EN 50440.
31
UNI EN 15316-3-3:2008
EN 15316-3-3:2007 (E)
[16] [17]
EN ISO 9488, Solar energy Vocabulary (ISO 9488:1999) ISO 13602-2, Technical energy systems Methods for analysis Part 2: Weighting and aggregation of energywares Council Directive 92/42/EEC of 21 May 1992 on efficiency requirements for new hot-water boilers fired with liquid or gaseous fuels EN 89, Gas-fired storage water heaters for the production of domestic hot water EN 12897, Water supply Specification for indirectly heated unvented (closed) storage water heaters EN 297, Gas-fired central heating boilers Type B11 and B11BS boilers, fitted with atmospheric burners of nominal heat input not exceeding 70 kW EN 304, Heating boilers Test code for heating boilers for atomizing oil burners EN 483, Gas-fired central heating boilers Type C boilers of nominal heat input not exceeding 70 kW EN 625, Gas-fired central heating boilers Specific requirements for the domestic hot water operation of combination boilers of nominal heat input not exceeding 70 kW EN 656, Gas-fired central heating boilers Type B boilers of nominal heat input exceeding 70 kW but not exceeding 300 kW EN 677, Gas-fired central heating boilers Specific requirements for condensing boilers with a nominal heat input not exceeding 70 kW EN ISO 13790, Thermal performance of buildings Calculation of energy use for space heating (ISO 13790:2004)
[18]
[19] [20] [21]
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[25]
[26]
[27]
32
UNI EN 15316-3-3:2008
UNI Ente Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione Via Sannio, 2 20137 Milano, Italia
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Impianti di riscaldamento degli edifici

Metodo per il calcolo dei requisiti energetici e dei rendimenti dellimpianto

MAGGIO 2008 Heating systems in buildings

Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies

EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM

Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36

Ref. No. EN 15316-3-3:2007: E

Terms and definitions

Symbols, units and indices

Energy output of the domestic hot water generation sub-system

QW ,gen ,out = QW + QW ,dis,ls + QW ,st ,ls + QW , p ,ls

QW ,dis ,ls QW , st ,ls QW , p ,ls

Domestic hot water systems with a single heat generator

Domestic hot water systems with multiple heat generators

QW , gen,out ,i = W , gen,i * QW , gen,out =

= QW, dis, in, k

Indirectly heated hot water storage vessel

(W ,st ,avg amb,avg ) W ,st ,sby

QW ,st ,sby = x + y VW ,st

is the volume per vessel (litres); are constants.

Values for the constanst x ,

y and z shall be given in a national annex.

Primary circulation pipes

a simple estimation method; a detailed calculation method.

Thermal losses by a simple estimation method

Thermal losses by a detailed calculation method

Direct heated domestic hot water generation devices

Heat generation systems in single-family dwellings

< QW , gen , out < Q2

W , gen = 2 0,074 2 * ( 2 1 ) * (21, 042 QW , gen,out )

< QW , gen, out < Q3

W , gen = 2 + 0,047 8 * ( 3 2 ) * (QW , gen,out 21,042)

is the efficiency at low tapping program (N1) with

Q1 = 7,560 MJ/day (~ 2,100 kWh/day); Q2 = 21,042 MJ/day (~ 5,845 kWh/day);

Q3 = 41,958 MJ/day (~ 11,655 kWh/day);

Q2 and the higher tapping cycle can be applied.

Heat generation systems others than for single-family dwellings

The total thermal loss from a boiler is based on:

nominal output efficiency

stand-by heat loss QW , gen ,ls ,sby ; nominal heat output

Electrical heated domestic storage water heaters - power continuously on

WW , gen,aux = WW , gen, pmp + WW , gen, gen

WW , gen, pmp WW , gen, gen

Auxiliary energy consumption for primary circulation pumps

QW , gen,ls ,rbl = QW , gen,ls * fW , gen,ls ,rbl + WW , gen,aux * fW , gen,aux ,rbl

is the fraction of generation thermal losses recoverable for space heating;

A.1 Calculation of total boiler thermal loss

QW , gen ,ls = QW , gen ,ls,on + QW , gen ,ls ,sby

QW , gen ,ls QW , gen ,ls,on QW , gen ,ls ,sby

A.2 Calculation of heat loss during boiler operation

QW , gen,ls ,on = (1 ( H i / H s ) gen,nom , Hi ) Q gen.,out

is the heat loss from boiler during boiler operation (MJ/day);

A.3 Calculation of stand-by heat loss

QW , gen,ls , sby = 3,6 * QW , gen, sby , meas *

( W , gen, avg sp , avg ) (70 20)

* (24 tW , gen, nom )

W , gen, avg sp , avg

A.3.2 Average boiler temperature during a stand-by period

A.3.3 Load factor of a boiler

tW , gen, nom t gen, nom

+ QW , dis ,ls + QW , st ,ls + QW , p ,ls ) * W , gen

A.3.4 Auxiliary energy consumption for a boiler