Registration of the Flow rate

Discharge Measurement with Overflow weir

Values Q of the table measured in litr/sec. are valid for an overflow width of B = 1 meter. The height a should be of 2 al least.

H (m) 0,01 0,02 0,03 0,04 0,05 0,06 0,07 0,08 0,09 0,10 0,11 0,12 0,13 0,14 0,15 0,17 0,19 0,20

Q (l/s) 1,7 5 9 14 20 26 33 40 48 56 65 74 84 93 104 125 148 160

H (m) 0,22 0,24 0,26 0,28 0,30 0,32 0,34 0,36 0,38 0,40 0,42 0,44 0,46 0,48 0,50 0,52 0,54 0,56

Q (l/s) 185 210 237 265 294 324 355 387 420 453 488 523 558 596 634 672 711 751

H (m) 0,58 0,60 0,62 0,64 0,66 0,68 0,70 0,72 0,74 0,76 0,78 0,80 0,85 0,90 0,95 1,00 1,05 1,10

Q (l/s) 792 833 875 918 961 1005 1051 1095 1141 1188 1235 1283 1404 1530 1660 1793 1930 2069

H (m) 1,15 1,20 1,25 1,30 1,35 1,40 1,45 1,50

Q (l/s) 2210 2360 2500 2660 2815 2970 3130 3295

Conversion table: 1 foot = 0,3048 meter 1 cusec = 28,3 litr/sec.

Water Measurement by Means of Float

The following table lists the frictional coefficients based on the For obtaining useful results select a test course as straight as possible and having a uniform cross section. Fix length and cross section of test course. Prepare float (piece of wood or better still, a bottle filled with enough water to keep it about 2/3 submerged). Set the float in the water a few yards away from the starting point to stop at the time it takes to cover the test course. Calculate the quantity of water Q from the mean speed Vm and the cross section of the trough F by the formula: Q = F x Vm. The mean speed is not the time recorded by the float but only a portion of it, since the float records the highest speed in the centre of the trough. Speed decreases at the walls according to the roughness and size of swept surface in relation to the crosssection of the trough. practical values for different rates U : F U = Area of cross section Surface of swept sides at variable composition of trough
F

Coefficient:

F U
0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,2 1,4

Wood smooth or concrete wall 0,860 0,865 0,870 0,875 0,880 0,885 0,890 0,892 0,895 0,895 0,895 0,895

Wood unplaned or brick wall 0,840 0,858 0,865 0,868 0,870 0,871 0,872 0,873 0,874 0,875 0,876 0,877

Rubble brickwork 0,748 0,792 0,812 0,822 0,830 0,835 0,837 0,839 0,842 0,844 0,847 0,850

Earth

0,565 0,645 0,685 0,712 0,730 0,745 0,755 0,763 0,771 0,778 0,786 0,794

Example: Trial run 15 meters. Time taken by float: 20 seconds. Speed V1 = t = 20 = 0,75 meters per second. The trough is of rectangular cross section, bed 2 meters wide, side walls 0,68 m high. Water cross sectional area is: 2 x 0,68 = 1,36 m2. Water swept surface is 2 + 0,68 + 0,68 = 3,36 Ratio U = 3, 36 = 0,4. The trough is made of earth, hence the coefficient approximately 0,712 applies for U = 0,4. The mean speed accordingly is 0,75 x 0,712 = 0,534 m/sec. This gives a water volume: Q = Vm x F = 0,534 x 1,36 = 0,726 m3/sec. or 726 liters per sec.
F F
1, 36

15

Conversion table: 1 foot 1 cusec 1 imp.gallon 1 US liquid gallon

= 0,3048 meter = 28,3 litr/sec. = 4,546 liters = 3,785 liters

Leveling without Leveling Instrument

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Reservoir Dam Headwater By-pass sluice gate Surge tank Screen Penstock Power Station Tail water Stream Overhead line

Drive in pegs approximatively in intervals of the length of measuring rod (e. g. 3 meters) in a straight line accordingly to the planned course of the penstock. All pegs should stand out of the ground in equal heights, if possible. Put on measuring rod with set up water balance. State heights h1,h2,h3 and insert the measured values in the table. Pay attention to signs (+ or -)! State distances /1,/2,/3 and insert the measured values in the table. Gross head: H = Sum of all values h of plus sign (+) less sum of all values h of minus sign (-). Remit table of measurement or copy of it.

h1 H

h2

h3

h4

h5

h6

/1 L

/2

/3

/4

/5

/6

OSSBERGER GmbH + Co
Otto-Rieder-Str. 7, D-91781 Weissenburg / Bavaria, GERMANY +49 (0)9141 / 977 0 Fax +49 (0)9141 / 977 20 e-mail: ossberger@ossberger.de, Internet: http://www.ossberger.de