2-Antenna Receive Diversity GBSS14.

Feature Parameter Description

Issue Date

01 2012-04-28

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2012. All rights reserved.

No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written consent of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

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GSM BSS 2-Antenna Receive Diversity

Contents

Contents
1 Introduction to This Document ......................................................................................... 1-1
1.1 Scope ...................................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.2 Intended Audience ................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.3 Change History ........................................................................................................................ 1-1

2 Overview ................................................................................................................................ 2-1 3 Technical Description.......................................................................................................... 3-1

3.1 Technical Principle ................................................................................................................... 3-1 3.2 Diversity Combining Algorithms ................................................................................................ 3-1 3.2.1 MRC ................................................................................................................................ 3-1 3.2.2 ICC .................................................................................................................................. 3-1 3.2.3 EICC ............................................................................................................................... 3-2 3.2.4 ADC................................................................................................................................. 3-2

4 Related Features .................................................................................................................. 4-1 5 Impact on the Network ........................................................................................................ 5-1

5.1 MRC ........................................................................................................................................ 5-1 5.1.1 Impact on System Capacity.............................................................................................. 5-1 5.1.2 Impact on Network Performance ...................................................................................... 5-1 5.2 ICC .......................................................................................................................................... 5-1 5.2.1 Impact on System Capacity.............................................................................................. 5-1 5.2.2 Impact on Network Performance ...................................................................................... 5-1 5.3 EICC ........................................................................................................................................ 5-1 5.3.1 Impact on System Capacity.............................................................................................. 5-1 5.3.2 Impact on Network Performance ...................................................................................... 5-1 5.4 ADC ......................................................................................................................................... 5-2 5.4.1 Impact on System Capacity.............................................................................................. 5-2 5.4.2 Impact on Network Performance ...................................................................................... 5-2

6 Engineering Guidelines ...................................................................................................... 6-3

6.1 When to Use the Four Algorithms ............................................................................................. 6-3 6.1.1 MRC Algorithm ................................................................................................................ 6-3 6.1.2 ICC Algorithm .................................................................................................................. 6-3 6.1.3 EICC Algorithm ................................................................................................................ 6-3 6.1.4 ADC Algorithm ................................................................................................................. 6-3 6.2 Information to Be Collected ...................................................................................................... 6-3 6.3 Network Planning ..................................................................................................................... 6-4 6.4 Feature Deployment ................................................................................................................. 6-4 6.4.1 Deploying MRC ............................................................................................................... 6-4 6.4.2 Deploying ICC ................................................................................................................. 6-4 6.4.3 Deploying EICC ............................................................................................................... 6-4

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Contents

6.5 Performance Optimization ........................................................................................................ 6-4

7 Parameters ............................................................................................................................ 7-1 8 Counters ................................................................................................................................ 8-1 9 Glossary ................................................................................................................................. 9-1 10 Reference Documents..................................................................................................... 10-1

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1 Introduction to This Document

1 Introduction to This Document

1.1 Scope
This document describes the working principle of 2-antenna receive diversity and the diversity combining algorithms.

1.2 Intended Audience

It is assumed that users of this document are familiar with GSM basics and have a working knowledge of GSM telecommunication. This document is intended for:

Personnel working on Huawei GSM products or systems System operators who need a general understanding of this feature

1.3 Change History

The change history provides information on the changes between different document versions. There are two types of changes, which are defined as follows:

Feature change Feature change refers to the change in the 2-Antenna receive diversity feature of a specific product version.

Editorial change Editorial change refers to the change in wording or the addition of the information that was not described in the earlier version.

Document Issues
The document issues are as follows:

01 (2012-04-28) Draft A (2012-02-15)

01 (2012-04-28)
This is the first release of GBSS14.0. Compared with issue Draft A (2012-02-15) of GBSS14.0, issue 01 (2012-04-28) of GBSS14.0 incorporates the changes described in the following table. Change Type Feature change Change Description Added the following chapters: Chapter 5.4 "ADC" Editorial change Added the following chapters: Chapter 4 "Related Features"

Parameter Change None

None

Chapter 5 "Impact on the Network" Chapter 6 "Engineering Guidelines"

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1 Introduction to This Document

Draft A (2012-02-15)
This is the draft release of GBSS14.0. Compared with issue 01 (2011-03-31) of GBSS13.0, issue Draft A (2012-02-15) of GBSS14.0 has no change.

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2 Overview

2 Overview
In a wireless communications system, the radio signal from the transmitter arrives at the receiver through two or more paths. This phenomenon is called multipath propagation. With multipath propagation, the amplitude, phase, and angle of the received signal change. This phenomenon is called multipath fading. As a result, the quality of the received signal deteriorates. Diversity is one of the techniques used to handle multipath fading in the communications system. It increases the signal-to-noise ratio by superimposing uncorrelated signals. The diversity technique in GSM involves time diversity, frequency diversity, and space diversity. In the case of space diversity, multiple antennas are used at the receiver to receive uncorrelated signals of the same source (superimposition of uncorrelated signals). In engineering implementation, generally two antennas (or two polarization ends of the same polarization antenna) are used to receive signals. The signals received from the two antennas can be combined in different ways to obtain desired signals, for example, Maximal Ratio Combining (MRC), Interference Cancellation Combining (ICC), and Enhanced Interference Rejection Combining (EICC).

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3 Technical Description

3 Technical Description
3.1 Technical Principle
The 2-antenna receive diversity technique combines the signals received from the two diverse antennas at the receiving end to mitigate multipath interference. Figure 3-1 shows the working principle of 2-antenna receive diversity. Figure 3-1 Working principle of 2-antenna receive diversity
Noise and interference W1 RX channel 1 RX signal r1(k )

S (k ) 1

Signal x(k) Noise and interference W2 RX channel 2 RX signal r2( k )

y(k)

S (k ) 2

As shown in Figure 3-1: 1. The signal x(k) arrives at the diverse antennas through two RX channels. The two RX signals are identified as r1(k) and r2(k). After the superimposition of interference and noise, the two RX signals are identified as S1(k) and S2(k). 2. Based on the maximum signal-to-noise ratio criterion, the adaptive combining coefficients W1 and W2 are calculated and the output signal is obtained through the formula: y(k) = W1 x S1(k) + W2 x S2(k). The combining algorithms consist of the MRC, ICC, and EICC. In Figure 3-1 the two RX channels correspond to the main and diversity RX channels of the TRX. Set RCVMD to MAINDIVERSITY(Main Diversity) to enable the 2-Antenna Receive Diversity feature.

3.2 Diversity Combining Algorithms

3.2.1 MRC
MRC performs weighted combining on the two signals received by the BTS based on their respective signal-to-noise ratios. This combining method is ideal for situations with little interference and limited noise. It is applicable to wide coverage, such as over sea coverage. To enable the MRC algorithm of 2-antenna receive diversity, set ICTYP to MRC(MRC).

3.2.2 ICC
ICC is a multi-antenna combining technique developed from MRC. In tight frequency reuse scenarios the interfering signals received at diverse antennas may come from the same interfering source. Therefore, a certain correlation exists among these interfering signals. ICC uses this correlation when combining the signals of the two antennas to eliminate certain interference. The use of ICC can improve the speech quality and data throughput in situations with strong interference, for example, the network

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3 Technical Description

where tight frequency reuse is in place. ICC can suppress the interference within the GSM system and from other systems if correlation exists between the interfering signals received on diverse antennas. To enable the ICC algorithm of 2-antenna receive diversity, set ICTYP to ICC(ICC). A resource item license is required for enabling this algorithm.

3.2.3 EICC
The GBFD-115821 EICC feature is developed from ICC. Generally, the interfering signals received from multiple antennas are both space correlated (among the antennas) and time correlated. The difference between ICC and EICC is that ICC considers only space correlation to eliminate interference whereas EICC considers both space correlation and time correlation to suppress and eliminate interference. EICC is used in high traffic network where tight frequency reuse is in place and in situations where the noise of a single interfering source is limited. The EICC performs better than ICC. Set STIRCALLOWED to YES(Yes) to select the EICC algorithm of 2-antenna receive diversity.
When STIRCALLOWED is set to NO(No), the system selects the ICC algorithm by default. This feature can be enabled only after you apply for a resource item license.

3.2.4 ADC
The adaptive diversity combining (ADC) algorithm checks whether an ongoing call is in the interference-limited or noise-limited scenario.

In the interference-limited scenario, the BTS uses EICC. In the noise-limited scenario, the BTS uses MRC.

The ADC algorithm achieves favorable network performance in noise-limited and interference-limited scenarios. To enable the ADC algorithm, set ADAICFLAG to ON(On). In addition, you can set ADAICADFLAG to ON(On) to improve the detection accuracy in adaptive scenarios.

If STIRCALLOWED is set to YES(Yes), the ADC algorithm adaptively selects either EICC or MRC. If STIRCALLOWED is set to NO(No), the ADC algorithm adaptively selects either ICC or MRC.

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4 Related Features

4 Related Features
Feature MRC ICC EICC Prerequisite Feature None None None Mutually Exclusive Feature None None Automatic Frequency Correction (AFC)
NOTE This feature is disabled automatically after AFC is enabled.

Affected Feature None None None

ADC

None

None

None

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5 Impact on the Network

5 Impact on the Network

5.1 MRC
5.1.1 Impact on System Capacity
This algorithm improves the uplink receive quality. For CS services, after uplink power control is enabled for MSs, this algorithm decreases the entire network interference and increases the traffic volume. For PS services, this algorithm increases the uplink throughput.

5.1.2 Impact on Network Performance

This algorithm improves the uplink receive quality.

5.2 ICC
5.2.1 Impact on System Capacity
Compared with the MRC algorithm, the ICC algorithm enhances the network anti-interference capability and improves the uplink receive quality. For CS services, after uplink power control is enabled for MSs, this algorithm decreases the entire network interference and increases the traffic volume. For PS services, this algorithm increases the uplink throughput.

5.2.2 Impact on Network Performance

Compared with the MRC algorithm, the ICC algorithm enhances the network anti-interference capability and improves the uplink receive quality.

5.3 EICC
5.3.1 Impact on System Capacity
Compared with the ICC algorithm, the EICC algorithm enhances the network anti-interference capability and improves the uplink receive quality. For CS services, after uplink power control is enabled for MSs, this algorithm decreases the entire network interference and increases the traffic volume. For PS services, this algorithm increases the uplink throughput.

5.3.2 Impact on Network Performance

Compared with the ICC algorithm, the EICC algorithm enhances the network anti-interference capability and improves the uplink receive quality.

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5 Impact on the Network

5.4 ADC
5.4.1 Impact on System Capacity
This algorithm can adaptively select an appropriate combining algorithm based on interference scenarios on the live network. Compared with the fixed combining algorithm, this algorithm further improves the network anti-interference capability and uplink receive quality. For CS services, after uplink power control is enabled for MSs, this algorithm decreases the entire network interference and increases the traffic volume. For PS services, this algorithm increases the uplink throughput.

5.4.2 Impact on Network Performance

This algorithm can adaptively select an appropriate combining algorithm based on interference scenarios on the live network. Therefore, this algorithm enhances the network anti-interference capability and improves the uplink receive quality.

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6 Engineering Guidelines

6 Engineering Guidelines
6.1 When to Use the Four Algorithms
6.1.1 MRC Algorithm
Use the MRC algorithm in the following conditions:

The live network is in noise-limited scenarios, for example, railway coverage or rural area coverage. The licenses for the ICC and EICC algorithms have not been obtained.

6.1.2 ICC Algorithm

Use the ICC algorithm in the following conditions:

The live network is in interference-limited scenarios, for example, urban area coverage and tight frequency reuse scenarios with strong interference. The license for the EICC algorithm has not been obtained.

6.1.3 EICC Algorithm

You are advised to use the EICC algorithm in interference-limited scenarios, such as city coverage and tight frequency reuse scenarios with strong interference.

6.1.4 ADC Algorithm

Use the ADC algorithm in the following conditions:

It is uncertain whether the live network is in the noise-limited or interference-limited scenario. Interference scenario changes take place.

6.2 Information to Be Collected

Before deploying this feature, collect the following information:

Whether the cell is configured in 2-antenna receive mode Frequency planning data Cell coverage range Traffic volume on the network Whether there is interference in the radio environment

The MRC algorithm improves the network performance at the coverage edge when:

The cell is configured in 2-antenna receive mode. The network frequencies are loosely set. The cell coverage is relatively large.

The ICC and EICC algorithms improve the network anti-interference capability when:

The cell is configured in 2-antenna receive mode. The network frequencies are tightly set. The network interference is strong and traffic is heavy.

The ADC algorithm improves the uplink performance when:

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6 Engineering Guidelines

The cell is configured in 2-antenna receive mode. The network environment is uncertain or varies with time.

These four algorithms are not applicable to cells in one-antenna receive mode.

6.3 Network Planning

RF Planning
N/A

Network Topology
N/A

Hardware Planning
The two RX channels of the TRXs must be connected to two antennas, or connected to a dual-polarized antenna.

6.4 Feature Deployment

6.4.1 Deploying MRC
Activation Procedure
Run the BSC6900 MML command SET GCELLSOFT with ICTYP set to MRC(MRC).

Verification Procedure
Run the BSC6900 MML command LST GCELLSOFT to query the value of ICTYP. Expected result: If ICTYP is set to MRC(MRC), the MRC function has been enabled.

Deactivation Procedure
Run the BSC6900 MML command SET GCELLSOFT with ICTYP set to ICC(ICC).

6.4.2 Deploying ICC

For details about how to activate, verify, and deactivate this algorithm, see Configuring ICC.

6.4.3 Deploying EICC

For details about how to activate, verify, and deactivate this algorithm, see Configuring EICC.

6.5 Performance Optimization

Monitoring
Observe network counters. For CS services, observe Uplink Quality (UL RxQual). If the counter deteriorates or remains unchanged after the 2-antenna receive diversity feature has been enabled, adjust the combining algorithms.

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6 Engineering Guidelines

Parameter Optimization
The ICC algorithm achieves favorable network performance in most scenarios. For scenarios without interference, the MRC algorithm is recommended. For scenarios with tight frequency reuse, heavy traffic, and strong interference, the EICC algorithm is recommended. If it is uncertain about the network interference scenarios, or interference scenario changes take place, use the ADC algorithm.

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7 Parameters

7 Parameters
Table 7-1 Parameter description Parameter ID ADAICADFLAG NE BSC6900 Meaning Description

Whether to enable the Meaning: Whether to enable adaptive interference the adaptive interference cancellation cancellation enhancement enhancement function. function. If this parameter is If this parameter is set to set to ON, the adaptive ON, the adaptive interference cancellation interference cancellation enhancement function is enhancement function is enabled. If this parameter is enabled. If this set to OFF, the adaptive parameter is set to OFF, interference cancellation the adaptive enhancement function is not interference cancellation enabled. It is recommended enhancement function is that this parameter be set to not enabled. It is ON when adaptive recommended that this interference cancellation is parameter be set to ON used. when adaptive GUI Value Range: OFF(Off), interference cancellation ON(On) is used. Actual Value Range: OFF, ON Default Value: OFF(Off) Unit: None

ADAICFLAG

BSC6900

Whether to adaptively Meaning: Whether to select the interference adaptively select the cancellation mode. If interference cancellation this parameter is set to mode. If this parameter is set ON, the BSC6900 to ON, the BSC6900 adaptively selects the adaptively selects the interference cancellation interference cancellation mode. If this parameter mode. If this parameter is set is set to OFF, the to OFF, the BSC6900 always BSC6900 always selects the fixed interference cancellation mode. selects the fixed interference cancellation GUI Value Range: OFF(Off), mode. ON(On) Actual Value Range: OFF, ON Default Value: OFF(Off) Unit: None

ICTYP

BSC6900

Interference cancellation Meaning: Interference mode. When tight cancellation mode. When frequency reuse is used, tight frequency reuse is used, it is recommended that it is recommended that this this parameter be set to parameter be set to ICC. ICC. When noises are When noises are restricted, it

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7 Parameters

Parameter ID

NE

Meaning restricted, it is recommended that this parameter be set to MRC.

Description is recommended that this parameter be set to MRC. GUI Value Range: MRC(MRC), ICC(ICC) Actual Value Range: MRC, ICC Default Value: MRC(MRC) Unit: None

RCVMD

BSC6900

RF receive mode of the Meaning: RF receive mode of TRX. the TRX. The BTS3012, BTS3012AE, BTS3012II, BTS3006C, and BTS3002E do not support Main Diversity. The BTS3012, BTS3012AE, BTS3012II, BTS3006C, and BTS3002E do not support Main Diversity.

The DBS3900 GSM and The DBS3900 GSM and BTS3900 GSM support Four BTS3900 GSM support Diversity Receiver and Main Four Diversity Receiver Diversity. and Main Diversity. GUI Value Range: INDEPENDENT(Independen t Receiver), DIVIDING(Dividing Receiver), FOURDIVERSITY(Four Diversity Receiver), MAINDIVERSITY(Main Diversity), NONE(None) Actual Value Range: INDEPENDENT, DIVIDING, FOURDIVERSITY, MAINDIVERSITY, NONE Default Value: INDEPENDENT(Independen t Receiver) Unit: None STIRCALLOWED BSC6900 Whether to enable the EICC algorithm. Enhanced Interference Rejection Combining combines the signals received by multiple antennas to obtain better signals. EICC is mainly used in heavy-traffic network where tight frequency reuse is in place. Meaning: Whether to enable the EICC algorithm. Enhanced Interference Rejection Combining combines the signals received by multiple antennas to obtain better signals. EICC is mainly used in heavy-traffic network where tight frequency reuse is in place. GUI Value Range: NO(No), YES(Yes)

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7 Parameters

Parameter ID

NE

Meaning

Description Actual Value Range: NO, YES Default Value: NO(No) Unit: None

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8 Counters

8 Counters
There are no specific counters associated with this feature.

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9 Glossary

9 Glossary
For the acronyms, abbreviations, terms, and definitions, see the Glossary.

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10 Reference Documents

10 Reference Documents
[1] 3GPP TS 25.101, "User Equipment (UE) radio transmission and reception (FDD)" [2] 3GPP TS 25.211, "Physical channels and mapping of transport channels onto physical channels (FDD)" [3] 3GPP TS 25.306, "UE Radio Access capabilities" [4] 3GPP TS 25.308, "UTRA High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSPDA); Overall description" [5] 3GPP TS 25.321, "Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol specification" [6] BSC6900 Feature List [7] BSC6900 Basic Feature Description [8] BSC6900 GSM Parameter Reference [9] BSC6900 GSM MML Command Reference

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