definition
1.Venous spaces present between the two layers of dura
2.Lined by endothelium 3.Devoid of valves
definition
4.Do not have muscle coat in their tunica adventitia. 5.Contain C !
Classification
Paired and unpaired
Paired are: Cavernous sinuses J Petrosal sinuses H,I Transverse sinuses G Sigmoid sinuses C Sphenoparietal sinuses A
unpaired are: Superior sagittal sinus Inferior sagittal sinus Straight sinus Occipital sinus asilar ple!us of sinuses
Cavernous sinus
Situated on either side of the &od' of sphenoid (!tends from superior or&ital fissure To the ape! of petrous temporal
"elations
)ediall' related to pituitar' gland and sphenoidal air sinus $ateral %all contains III,I#,#*,#+ nerves
Connections
It receives tri&utaries from &rain &ones,s-ull.,pter'goid ple!us, or&it and the e'e,central vein of retina.
Superior and inferior ophthalmic veins ,from the or&it. are regarded as emissar' veins as the' do not have valves/
Ophthalmic veins also have communication %ith the facial vein,c0d. so the infections from the 1dangerous area2 of face can spread to Cavernous sinus causing throm&osis/
drainage
Applied anatomy
*/infections from face, or&it,shenoid sinus can cause throm&osis/ +/III,I#,#*,#+,#I can &e involved resulting in various diplopias 3/rupture of ICA can cause pulsatile e!ophthalmos
)4 image at the level of the pituitar' stalsho%s &ilateral involvement of the cavernous sinuses %ith narro%ing of the right internal carotid arter' due to infiltration of the lesion ,arro%s./
5suall' turns to the right side and forms the right transverse sinus
Arachnoid foveae
Tributaries of sup.sagittal sinus */superior cere&ral veins from &rain +/emissar' veins from the scalp 3/diploic veins and nose
*/infections can spread from scalp,nasal cavit' causing throm&osis/ +/ It can &e used to dra% venous &lood9 fluid administration through the anterior fontanelle
Transverse sinuses
Transverse sinuses receive the cavernous sinuses through superior petrosal sinuses/
4ight transverse sinus is usuall' larger than the left because it is the continuation of superior sagittal sinus(!)
$eft transverse sinus is formed &' the continuation of straight sinus/ Straight sinus is formed &' union of inferior sagittal sinus and great cere&ral vein , of Galen.
Straight sinus
Sigmoid sinuses
Continuations of transverse sinuses Groove the inner aspect of posteroinferior angle of parietal &one,mastoid angle. Pass into 7ugular foramina and continue as Internal 7ugular veins,IJ#.
P asterion O
Sigmoid sinus
)astoid process
Sigmoid sinus thrombosis can occur as a complication of otitis media (middle ear infection)
Identif'