The standard penetration test

This dynamic penetration test, specified in BS 1377 (Part 9), is used to

assess the density index of a sand deposit. The test is performed using a
split!arrel sampler "#mm in external diameter, 3"mm in internal
diameter and a!out $"# mm in length, connected to the end of !oring
rods. The sampler is dri%en into the sand at the !ottom of a cased
!orehole !y means of a $" &g hammer falling freely through a height of
7$#mm onto the top of the !oring rods.
'nitially the sampler is dri%en 1"#mm into the sand to seat the de%ice
and to !ypass any distur!ed sand at the !ottom of the !orehole. The
num!er of !lo(s re)uired to dri%e the sampler a further 3##mm is then
recorded* this num!er is called the standard penetration resistance (+).
'f "# !lo(s are reached !efore a penetration of 3## mm, no further
!lo(s should !e applied !ut the actual penetration should !e recorded.
,hen testing !elo( the (ater ta!le, care must !e ta&en to a%oid entry of
(ater through the !ottom of the !orehole as this (ould tend to loosen the
sand due to up(ard seepage pressure. ,hen the test is carried out in fine
sand or silty sand !elo( the (ater ta!le the measured + %alue, if greater
than 1", should !e corrected for the increased resistance due to negati%e
excess pore (ater pressure set up during dri%ing and una!le to dissipate
immediately* the corrected %alue is gi%en !y
Derinlik Dzeltmesi
CN=
95,76
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Bey efektif gerilme
.xample /."
0 footing 33m is to !e located at a depth of 1."m in a sand
deposit, the (ater ta!le
!eing 3."m !elo( the surface. 1alues of standard
penetration resistance (ere determined
as detailed in Ta!le /.". 2etermine the allo(a!le !earing
capacity using the
%arious design methods.
Ter3aghi and Pec& recommended that + %alues should !e determined !et(een
foundation le%el and a depth of approximately B !elo( the foundation4 in this
case !et(een depths of 1." and 5."m* the %alues at depths of #.7" and ".6#m
are therefore superfluous. The measured + %alues are corrected using .)uation
/.15. 1alues of effecti%e o%er!urden pressure are calculated (using 7 17 &+8m3
a!o%e the (ater ta!le and # 7 1# &+8m3 !elo( the (ater ta!le) and the
corresponding %alues of 9+ determined from :igure /./. The a%erage of the
corrected %alues (+1) is 1$. Then referring to :igure /.1#, for B 7 3m and + 7
1$, the pro%isional %alue of allo(a!le !earing capacity is 1$" &+8m6. :or the
gi%en (ater ta!le le%el thepro%isional %alue should !e multiplied !y the factor
9( (.)uation /.1$), (here