MARIETA SASEL KOS APPIAN AND ILLYRICUMee ‘mo, 008 Toaay Bay mAéow few ave Hesiod, Works and Days, 40e em tec a ne Er DRA BOB Ri ato 2 KO DRM ANAISTANE, PEERS soaaktantomene aaa Bal ZA RANE MDMA Zin ZR, in, oven Tehana DFAS cate Sie Pes nen Ke {sat Nan ma See ‘Seams Pte 29, S108, Sloe ‘Sonar “en Mn th one Se (Sgn ete epee bear Sn aN CONTENTS Appa’ oman isin These open of Apia nes ‘Th geapopie son op' Ht =} Shuce frie, - o (Grek and ain wi ny a - u [supposed sores arte ae Hlometogeferiggs nn a ‘pi’ soa = 2 rho Apa = 8 ‘heli Gr et an anit oon Coma of be rice “te pe ac wii pi Rw iy — ‘Tres of ier Moana Maty = ‘Tessar ed Ain ain The Dwain i 1 Stan's a oie ech fe ian ou Compara nh Pings tn Posto exphsatons of Appian nude of pi {ty ae engi fy, (centre ‘The Naa Ori of the yn Psp ly: 2) as ‘Theimpone of thoi in Gr nd Ra saiapi ‘a0 Therenctatie sey gio Ge——— EA tpl Saring nit ee i 8183 a = — be teetinacronseas ut Boiron stints Saunt | ‘The Libumi. = 7 182, ‘etn ic la Bi mde oi eC Disc iatashinar eer nines i Pemenateg nese i Peet” ————) ‘The Cia i gyn flea cae cll esa a Rivas = aa Tcatataclea asda Bt Tne Stet bets a rhe icmp fSinerar tums —— ir tin ii es, 8 Ait ean 0 2 “pipe i op iss — 33 Secchoener ena a leanne a —— z mete et wa —3t ‘eieene oct a inlet a ‘etn 79), 7 20 Se as as ‘Tees thin Mae — 29 Feb aa a ‘opis 297 tn a iedeahotageo det The xe of Dei in ha ‘Apia da 20 ede Sc in in Done ei : Poy opagloa Barun, iar uso frre anand he er nt oc fic as as ‘ton bon stun ae this nton would of elf ave cubed i 0 a {in te jrocuratnp wba Fron intercon pi ad Anton 9). dsp ‘scaly expend dove on tht mate Ms be wasnt ata ete {Sa puri His ighty ambiguous psag ced sbve (1 pleaded caes Rome befre the emperors til the fdged me worthy tbe ther roca") nd Font nsec hs ends modesto eset wold ig a fi nas omared wi the dg 9 posurtarp whew scaly perloenag the ub In eter o Antonini Ps, writen on bal f Appian, Foto ist ‘etre ois end Seto Cafprs, who was grasa Tw procwratersips by ‘henpere anna permits deli tha, Hehe aide "Por wo oars no hove boon your rappin! for mynd pas, Brweon om and me are ‘eben ath antag intima and mos daly price of mata Be fo ha aes "spe ofon p an e 9 hut ang Se poe 96,26 = Gach, 857 ie veNeltYoalunpeanen nny Goss, abel, 2c ‘Agen oe Ss Rare da 13 au Sap “ gt yin Pn, 2,6 Us acrg oer agin, Ain ui tang an thc i sea "Ein, nl SP Chg, Frou, 19H 8 Jes Moreover fol certain ad ould be al enongh to afiem,that ew soe ‘he same made that rion Capuron has Fi toc is hay ovale that hese ata incon ond fram anton Inconcting the salary fe procarcor When fs made the requestor dana, 3 gave my pedion so Kindy arin that hada righ hop" Fo ‘ers vol date th 0s or othe eae 176, an ley pian ‘mus hive writen his Prec shorty ae hippies proctor” Heo ‘rote pei eaten ican ae me in thease page whi a, Sowever unkown even a Pht nh ith ety P.Goukowaky har een avanced hyper at Appian woud have been 1 piso Vena (Ty) and Rome unr Hadrian” Ke isd hie hyp on ‘Geek eigar tom Rape, pubished yt. Nort, in which oe Appian, a pris of Toke Rome’ and his wife Euyehis ae mewoas.” Meret ha ley > Posed, wh someresere ht the Apion a qoaron ight ave bees be orn ‘Apia, sce he ane Apis exe) fare ib Ro ii yi general ‘Goowaky argued at length forthe Menton ofthe Appin kaw se grim with be stor, cooctng fst pins wor nthe Preface shot ‘reo ad Tohe and tha share in the genes ofthe Rorpan Fre cou ths {Se undesoed acheter However, seme af his aumento des ot ‘© me cote macordance wth he gene les concerning tbe ccuetin ca Innova wha there kaos about Appa cae” The ely sumer vi ome weigh eens the ry of he nate, emphslcd By Mowe to oncting ato sie, Goes mae an aon! scp a ite ‘tebisonan Appian» poodlypetanc meri iment in he vin ‘of Tams (scr: Dace e Scphiae Min 2. 198m. 28), On 9 roar (nein i mentione, hse ae ad cen ws of Te rene oh et terofthe pocorn’ nme wer ei reeds Apia’ by W.Pesk and ‘Goukowsk bse is eneton on Peeks sugustion® Tis ot pnb fo ‘vo rene. Fist, Appian nase hop the meson Fret te ho te to be me procure i mero pra ne hours he ike wi ‘cualyperfrming ie fnctons af roar This sted expres er In rots leer to Annis Ps (6 supra). Send ie inripin i ft 00 rmslaed abe wed ae elabiseidece on tis tue, “hes, Carepandons, 15 26-265 ly CR Hie. {eeahe Oi SS ne Carn Mt ron, SI-I9S, 2-26 Bal 8, 8 SECS, 18, 8,108 ag, Camper es an. ike ral, No tr han gy slo "eran ino wad eo vn Seen. Gro Pre, 5 35,is Srendship wih M. Contos Frnt, who ad seve ther ed in Alen ee Ad di. Alesana a ones srpe, here Be fed perp stad (Hap. 257 2) nates Wat Appin moved the ‘pest ck a Rome. Poa Wasa hed of Antoninus Pisa eave aso Cat nd tho leading personality n Latin ters of hi ay, ad wha Tate Sisineon pews the teacher f Moos Aurea Li Verve Aan of [Noman Cina, descent of amy at telonsed ote egueran Cian ‘oral ily he war horoahly Err wits Gre apd Latin ears sod a fuses snl ol so vas Appian. Thre was, however, ope bas diene a Tater ovarde Rome, which ete rom rien origins, Wheres roc ini wok almost gnre his fran backgrovnd and we concerned with ‘hinge Ronan, which wa pneraly charter of Romani wait fom the an-Cresk provinces, Appin sovea ines prea inxed on is Egyptian ro oanse On th the and ewes ighly evar f te Raa state he td thereto the romp, cal by several Grek nla belie im, ‘ch fr example, Doss of Haier or Ais Avis, However cata) tothe, beeaphaszed mich mate ae of prvi hte Roan Emp" hiseook vas undebedlinoeneed y his spec ate EBS ‘Unlike Prot, hone nv province ould boss fy famous cals cn te, Appian cae fam Alexandr ty wih rich utara ergs nick ann tiny Speci enna Roms te Ta he ie ear by Pr to Asoc Phone Appin pit ad Ann). is feds descebed by Frau at ‘west ada coganion eet Sly tis cum qo mi teat once smcaran wus prope cota): suey thes Shed come i terest n Lan Ira hrc and Roman nti Daly ste ply a oy Tater high care of mtinncy wih pao rot, Dt a ht Appian tee fer crsn prod hi if no les ha rat, aly devoted some ine a ing ant ring Kal ais ot be exclndd that Foo my have sensed [srry se sincetmay be expo tat i itary a eons ras tava cern (nei) impact on Appa. Herod inthe highest isn Rome, wht he comScore with the mos dstingished Romane Rome ad moa irri an ery ame Bad een founded by C. Asi Pla arth apo of Pesce, and peril that of Tan, the Biionheca Ua AL [ner dt, Flv Vopises coe ofthe sx supposed aut ofthe sori aust (Gate fr ceeary AD), resting cite that histo oa od al he "cw: books fr his work inthe Ula ay lar I) Tew of Fronts "hori, he opine fame modern sla hich ive seribed to Appsn ony im asqusntance witb Mature aol ose te we of en oe 1 Soures ors ster compsion tegrated Rect sas “Ser emeie mgt semen by Mee, erase, 94 ee of Appin’ Ingunge uve yielded ensirlydieres rls A.M. Going. has own special fo he Hite ofbath Appin sl Cans Dh He svcaled Naser Lay, tht ancient hirano ese olowed mee oe sours ote eso of al tes elena ele" otal plas ‘eto assume tht Appian unl oes ily tlh! he alt hve been abl to distinguish "te terence between Lin sal Ass Pty 9 et iy ace cold hn betwen Trees and erat alcove sept Altus bite ot sear ich woul have ben for ev Espn Si {ine bara poste, e comin he don fe ret Grek oer ie ‘Thacyde. Poona, nd Poise ht mater asthe ret Ramen bison sich Sli nd Tachus— who bleged tthe ope is a bad Ptsnal experience in th ola fai ohne Nese tsa, kw ther wos tere are Thuydhea eminent natin ih ie Alene ina sina amet lo ty Heras" These mst be repeat or ls uncnsson feminists fom Thana History, whch had cay teen compulry edingin schoo nd had nae woe poets it rns, However, many 2 Tyee e Herodtes phase might ae es aka ‘ny Appian om his source. Appin que ates eer hivians, Ply ad ‘memo Sls ee blon)- Hewat gy ods Alena Gecko ‘hese time a Roman wh adstingsisot cre, uth ner were Ain od (Casas Ba" APPIAN'S ROMAN ASTOR As cam be gare ram he rnsigy i bis Prec (Prac) an fom some darren ois iftime ew arin ~ femme corso oe with Fos, Appian wee his Hoy i is 95> ape he at ‘iol te honour of corti oe pally oma teen of the eet, Green p98 pay 399. CE Mee Ae, Meo 85 28 pln Tne Ga Re an, 1. 8S gl ecm It, ars, pn ( Cet Tat eh tion pee ys Sv es a, ai 5 cana namin ries Py wis ‘aeeees te a 2 Towmelaory ned a ems Manion rin vote Samsun 19)of Anon Piso a he tt ate vey begining ofthe sig of Mera ‘Nein Lucas Vers” The Pree, nelly anda the completion his woe hl andi erie than he peice oth Ci Wary, scan entre from ison etemonts was robably composed between 68 aod 156 AD, wile the frat bok of the Cha Mar inching spec, may have te wien lore [66 AD A terminus ane quem forte te of composton ES probly the oueak of he Pron Wain AD 1655 Appian sl conte the Faphratst be th otro he pre Hi ava rem ce dese fo ‘fee othe books of hi Roman Ptr parc te Pre in which ‘capsid bis avis in eta (6 abo Bel. eh. L242; forthe Mien, {id $148 60.602) isin aprecet wi Isto 7 ook en by Phos eo, 57 inh entry." in chage 4 ofthe Peace, Appian gave aistot ‘hots of hich his Matar was Be composed (453-7): aga an aan, 2 Sammi Gals Sita Spansh soy the ee Harboe War, ‘Canthogoin a Macedon tory be nde tb sete Wid ‘ving ou cly thee ‘ti ook elec nnn Sri nd Mri), G'S. he ply argu hata te ine when Appian compos the Pres, emay ooh iad cor ideo the Boks he bndomited mee. The sare ‘rs mast roby othe ion Histo) tenes for wh be dics at The very en of he ith bk fhe Chil Wary sd wich he er appended os Mcsdnion History Insel hit may bean co a He dd ot bh the meno boa seperate" The tof books a5 ows ie oii fal names enn te Grek fom, we eewsee hey re edi thus Ltn ‘rasp: Rega istry (ast) ton Hoy lhe) ‘Sanne Hr (Soi) Gale Hist Kelte ‘Slt Fry Sls) a ory ofthe ad (Neots) ‘Spanish His rie) mle War bat) “ty sr Lye) (Carthaginian History Warchedoniale) and ‘Manian Hoy lomo alana isi Paar heme ba ty ae pt ey nan suc emer oti are ‘Se pn nS Sound andes pins Aaron 98 ‘Star Ong oon se ‘olen eh on, pin, Gace 2 Soe hi ei 19, 255-0 loc ra i iso Ba Opa 00, AA “Senin nye Macedonian tory (Mats doi acudng rian History (rie) “Hele History (elle ao fnian Histor ke Syrian History (Sak) an Partin Hoy (Pordhike) Mate Wars eden). {Ci ars cmp) UX, of which hooks XVIB-XNA were yan estoy pits) 22 HunbedYoan History (ekonotie 2 Dacian tuery Date) 2 rabon tory (robo ess that Appian nae to wit wo mare books The first ofthe 9 ae Parca which Tats congue of Parthia would he been deseibd (Sr 2, al cts 2.18.57, 585.276 pethops is tea wee bok on Parthian sory ‘es aon mated bythe mieary expt of Lacs Vere gst he Parthians in AD 68 A eoiaton rm Ptrch with hitb on cco writer, was atocked 9 Appa's Sri seme ine nthe ety Byres pera Ps di ot eli tht was Sprouse nook should fave bee 4 phy intereting ave of imperil province he mia fess [upijed by te Romane and th evens thy called fr ach province ‘elas theexprseat ne sate Pr 152) cle August com Tae om IL te thr of he hee sled documents to be re bee the Seat afer his dea, which cated mre or ee he sme data, Appian wend of ourse Ive given upd information, bt sot dear ihe ever wrote, C. Net ‘lieved it wns poshie to detest caneidecebetoen Appin’ gee plan of historical ek and Augustan es, ging Wits Res gestae sensing with his Brevaria is imper, te meationed ion Tis ney be cones ‘exagoraoi bl the smn ofthe content of Appa’ lt panned book an ‘August Brevaro is indo series: Angus 9 dl et he Cag Iesalsomt qe cin wht oder Appian wrote the ingle ook of his Roman Horo tae tht comida etes be cul well hve worked inl {aneouy. According io Hashes, who was the ast oa the et, bth he ‘idence tom the Preface nd te pce othe fist bak af the Cha War ‘elas the sera rosea, rering cer books eto be wen oo Tok aleady wee, sooo! he bypotiess of» predorsnaly aia saunce ‘somos, asd 1 the chrono ot Rayan cones with pose ‘ccpins ad ner eens. However ds canot be proven end dot. A {nernng cae eno dott representa by there, mach the rea fo ‘ho Hendra Year sory in post fre eve 3089) The las Which Both emperors ecaped or anne fr he fl of pt ath wn pe, Fai Rk i perc, 85, Nt pce 1, Thinley Bucs, Origa, 20, a pein,achcvements, hae been meron forth afar of the Republic there wil ‘ley mare abut th Myon ‘THP STATE OF PRESERVATION OF APPIAN'S HISTORY ‘otal of the ise ook re reserved ad itis artsy fo be ch ered tates those ae lost tha ether deat with yp (lh 6-9), o ih ‘Set post a cmemporay events (Hakata, Dace, Liber drab) hat |S the themes tha wre ost omar Appa, and where is nce bron st hve tee iu ad i jdgte dependent Obviony he (devoted peal atom to s plon History in which eerie the eves ‘beget toe deaf Seis amps, bh beans yp was aie cour {yaad Hecate annexation marked the Bel phe of he Wsastion fom he [Republican prod oth sears monary. ° The impetnce that Appian ed ‘othe ket Epsrian bon dated bythe et four Doks were deve the rubjs, which means hat he eves ns ve ben dessert etal ‘This mayan Se nerd fom srl passages nis ity in which be ued Bayi vars pt few, ash ne mllary senha wea (Ge Pr 030-0, or ts hy deeeped clr an scence, sed tl = tesa Cava (og Bl hs 261-648) weaay ba oe a peouatve fe geace swell fr the pies ecenricabity acleed by August, ‘nd onthe whole, Appin seb rest Sancanco to Kay The st stages of The cont bean Caos snd Pope. a prtclry between Octavian a Dato ase edn he Ch Kars with peter dt than th et ps ‘the cl war, but Appian deed even more space tote pion History, Utah he wae soe to ini some Eytan terial already th ls ak othe Ci War However, he may aoe tad ac he Epon ivory even a at he pred when he compet poe othe fe bok the Ca Wars sine eventual be eat tem of ear than he inde te skied the wi the year 38 BC Desa edie to reserve everyting com ‘Seig Egypt ir i Epon Hoy ~inling Actus, whi aud well be ‘oars elimination tec war, Sentng it end Inia wots (Bl, (e152) “Bey war the mat oman empire tha ie adhe most [powerfl one ater Alexander a wall ashe nl on for he Roman 0 orm ir pesent Empire “The oly rnc to hi Hane Yor” Hy some wo bei he brian Lesory 0036-49), were Appin, snmaiing the try of Maes, hed ‘hat he would cay more tou he aeons of Augsts ad Thos, ad com qm mare about he Motos a eBook delig With the ir) ofthe otra pie. He sud ia his Preface: “Thus on of el ware of varied waure He oman saie developed io «harmonious monarchy To andra how Bese von had come abou I hove writen and compiad my nore, These ers ‘sil eran with wonder thos who wih onthe Immaderae ab lion of men. efor love of alg, thei aang personne and Bc sumbries fms of en. These events are polminare omy Eaypion try. lind since begins whore hey em terefore expects importa for me ‘describe thom beforehand” (Ble 1828: Ns yr evden an rorala Pons: dvs wai uoaeyin mere: vada ft fica {yee sal oviyayn, sfmialunere Be nok idan Rev warm dg eee wal nari Dip vagreiay te Urge al xen Bag tig, ndhive 2, J pn thy Aieriag evga ral reper ‘uherdvera tis Eco dnaymioy fy gpevaestaba) For books of he Fisory of hi own country were the commotion he ve Books on the Cit ars, whieh wore mos pba writen a separte Woke als inte bythe fat that hey comin pte of thir oun” Appts Cit Mars ate ‘Beaded asthe most pra aro is reserved Roma Hitory, sinc oy ‘ete only ett comtimoos tart far he pene fom the Gach sd. ions tothe ea fe Trtmvrate. Agr fos he ve bok othe Bel ce (Eph), boks 6 are prerers, othe nth boo (Macedo) ely ag nets re extar (nail rom Byectn omptons camped byte ode ‘he Emperor Consatine VII Poptprogenas about AD 90), whe rica spend) ir preserd nis ety. Tae farther tons 1117 suevied sac ‘le ters the fac ave ba reserved in npn om Pte co Pats Sipp. 607 A, Contig Sid, levcarepers papy™ ‘On the oqustof Pope Nea Appa ema ry sans io Latin by Pet Candido Deserbes itrlaton wa eit fn HT" by 150 ‘psi wereavlabeia varios rare throughau Barge ig 2) Hover “tas won severly ein or varoushercoming and ve ery Hen ‘Estemne in bis eition of Api In 557 (sl ri rsa ad tam neon ut mata non verte, se pervert dod 0" ‘The fle fan Appan have een een det nthe above me ‘one Paris eovex (Paris Sapp. Gr. 07 A, whigh P.Goukowty decid se testionytvenewolearad sret wthinthe moat ar fn Const sm ineres whch alo rested a scoring aie storia. In op, Be Foca pps ec Pak Lay Tey 19 a1 le 1 ny pyaar sol wpe ace Bree ‘Nether peng Mra te Fray “ies pin prt aaa nr, TS. ‘ie on mae pon 90,95tases 0 en es re sees pies “ eaten = : ‘2 Ap: ts ri ea 14 aunt i eestor se ia) nhs be Cra enya iro ad ay Lani Coo author of he rer bad tes Herat, Appian, Cassis Dio, recaps tl ane Le t npr lough ML. Arero would aber insist a faten fom Appin rod ane ben derived from a termodiary source” "THE GEOGRAPC DIVISION OF APPIAN'S HSTORY. "he vison of his story asoding topographic unis within whic be ise oxy a the Roman conquest of dieret peoples Is seb, unssal,Reoe inating same ta ne det predecessor nthe ee fr ths end Sprint has aways been gen to Appian” He wrote the Yory ‘Sepang is Prfce: When | cided 0 wre the Mtr fhe Roma tate Taught i necessary determine beforhond the Boundaries of hematin ‘ho the Roman re” (Ty. Poa rots es oreo Haya, “Grr nerd sts Kus Sn nan dg Pain), And be cones tt maion an celeron tcommander” (PS: Se 5 (Bia eaove iv fncn &eveore agua opr His more oc ss {ong mrt offre peopl ap ino ich the Raa Sat eve Sees spina v2 seh 957, Wen Apna CE Moen Getty BBL a eae, Een, 98 19 lly conquer in ong ating Mody wa — and ding which ts fen depiced te ptetve fre of hoe who fered harm are aha counts of de Irie ofthese counties Such are, ar example, th War gain tess the Hisar of ibn which be Panic Ware are describe nde The rpm {ay Macedonian Bry was 0 dou eal impor lee path sp dite rin sor, bat even so thsi the omy preserved istry oy fom angi ands signfeance ie onsen eet Ne soma he is but Mihrts, Cartage, andthe Mace Kings wee mighty tos oF Rone an hey ae preset a uch Regus of fir shortening th fchleemeats wee grein every sphere, Nopetses, in he opis o€ Apia, ‘ho himself expeieted the beets of univer! pecs, Roe bough rete: tin aod stbiy every, wih ealminaed mh Roman Pp, rele is conjests wore ligne. Appa’ fen peste depon of the onsite asons may have bean nen by Had polio enslaton ain He Roman Eni, npr the oli negro ofthe provi rsa, hich voted a comin of diferent elu nd ee Het, "Thedlvbion accoting othe conquered peoples (to ne) ha, ome, 8 boccoming: thesia who alps such achame cannot prs ved ca ‘epstton inhisaratve. Apion’ decison may hve boon ene ty Eps, fv was sugested by JP. Bnd of whom, however, wry ites Kron. Ye [hee known to be th fit i atenp a univaa try ft Grea oF whch chou has srt alow he onciion tate alo pi se tion oe ‘sow Gteak pools Hs Hivos an see, was write acento bad to Icsnend neff Diodorus S14 and Frise M0 710), bao et ronologal fame; the Hllenon, Sse, Persisa, Moons were 99 ‘ot hisory” Epos may hve ifesced Poss, whos work wa twa ‘em moray in er of history Bt ln in ens of gearay petage llow ng er he del of erate istry than tat of Thy, Pots my tune diet motivated Appia’ approach ined this hype acute ovsever, vey lis suvites ffir mor nt engh opt sy conto, Pasdnts igh have compose his work anmaiicaly wie wold be ned ly te fi! tha is sory Was cnnuston of Pb wa ey eed y slic writers su as Diodorus and Liv.” Ow he ter ad po ii {ey col haven bee dedicate toe jot omy, eting ease ae lege he nels compotion Tas Appian oa at to wrt naa, which costars em one nn Aas, 79,20, it Hiro, 3 EC ts Fake sar, 1,2; Pr pas 8 Shep pra 9 ak npn ih 56, Reo te ih hn yh aig iyscene of ston to anh, boo compote a arate with well ound cones, ‘wh woud tine te readertootma. This Wasa oldcontovry ad AP'S ‘gumens aut wring soli str) must hve Ben pu forward by es {ebm sce Flybar defended bis nat of posing ener fry by ising ahs he cult ent the necessary variety One of Apia ‘modes ay have ala bets Herod" Postve aspects of he Herons ‘ison of tral were nly Tengiz by Danko of Haars (Leer 1 Pompelus Gomis 31, p 237 Raseracho, whose crim as sed ‘Sint Thee to vid ehreloiea arbre his History according 0 ‘winter and summer. There nigh ave ben ei es otra atemps Wi Ingbstry xen Fen, whch haenot survived. Apia ins claimed tat many ‘wir, Grek and Ram, had Weed he sbject of Roman Hiory (Pr. 18 Ini sds roa yb Whi, ra aan eageda.) Noa ofthe Ire are posored one However ensue vies fo ge aig no ‘Grok and Woman Rstrngrapy and Rome’ sry Ser ts Begining, Som Poi and Tabs Ptr onwards Roman history as weted by Roma 2a isc striae, aay Lis, whe the sory of Asie Palio may have been Iceinficoal Roman histry ws ute ete y Grek writer, on Fat net! ry eth the hires of Poy, Pegi, Dias ‘ulus, Stab, Nols of Danasem Pompe Trgua ori ib ova Fa ach 1 Romon ftir by Dain of Haaren. Historia gg. 05, fontaine importa! aaa fr eae Parcs Bgraphis Pars ese hs tov ae oo hoger ex, we sore welt aot, ich athe Greek nd Roa Hstry of Chara of Pagan eos AD I) Appian as probably well sed wh st tesehisre, bobby read thers wks ‘tll His yourgr contemporary Farr ad ter Poco, xn ecm 5 [norms wo howled sim achone fr rst Woks Phas ‘is ovacoineno da Farusaod pla th sled agains rings Roron story ia stan wa. Flot’ works much shore tome llr om mama DC) be wish to presect Rams Horm teh, arate ‘tc (he may be kee wih pet and rstrin Fhe sme ame) ‘Sul undostandale o every render toaph twas probably stnded fe te ‘hist upper cls He ered he Roman congust of he use emp ale {heendothe cil was is ers oe congured repos, dike APPAR, Ne, 00, ‘mde hsv wns a separate stoi sso binning wih he Grach {hdending with Octvn, ey tbe poesia ars stoop i Bi ‘ny so mah ster actly hd me inence upon Appin ba ea terms of te consey ad conponten, wth ashe sen by caring the Cee et ceo re Bowe, Grek 1974, 18 = 7 a tue efter ise The coset thy ar ise yen fe ha efi inven str isin pes enld be dtesel ones nape isksown of Fo Ii ade may an sel shy Yonge ha Appian, ‘ewes pasta each ary cons on sage SOURCES FOR Hs STORY By arth liyestspuchas been devo Apis soucesend hima te edd ln which php nd histor whan eel phlgilecatiog lore snare ord wasxcllod thresh inthe lv of Wht et ihe begining of the eset omy tolled Qelenferachang ad bee 4 fvourt hurting ground of Geonan tol fr more han cen Atal, is possiblities havens yt oan ested GS cher igh taps ht Gat’ work, oo, al oer mot devote olin Apps once" this asec of Appian Hiory as perk oon ovreaustee* Revel. tier secs of Apis wok hae ben sald ich sis ods a mies oe ‘wing Cerny the ans of source more than usted, a thet wet mans oe ofthe imports ees of Appises or. The hike ‘ny ston of Appt native depends ary ponte once sedan ps Iyopen he my in which be ase them. A as bss pind out ty AM owing, it ie imran oe the extern by which Agia ee ay oe ior) ‘elcid is sours) eu fhe mary ape Why did he peer one he ‘2g Dis chove or dense cents anther?" Asis only noma epee ei Escort ig re ana rs, 9.2964 Kray Fea, 2), Spon 856 Dei, Soe Seis Seennt ements entre eraser oct Shewenae hae ean om damian em Seine ts ge teen oe pte ieaeet ot eneece meeeome enere ‘he 4 Matin Compton, Ds, dng 20 a ete Se Seecemomenoaa stamens cane coc a Ada nmta senate tne ten ete wmn tena neon rn ocean nn ncetexan wh produ sch a cbr sry pol dian shan been ‘Bown in cutng sure ey ter Grek abel Roma stra an author {arly sua lyon soe. nthe ease of Appian its been convincingly dem ‘rst oar pst nd ent sts ht ie comped ata and ented is ‘Sentistoal pur onte base of seer ere Oneaf te thoogh scsi ST Appian’ sources sn poe st of Han’ Aplan nse ed sve ‘oreo is slo, bat ite edith ee granted him sesh ch thar bs cla o have wed he star werk he ced was cally dableve, Instead ius ose been eed hte ted be Dames of respectable istians iy fo dace the eder and comp ia his tar some secs hist ‘Sco hse aed Gru considerable ben rejected a cbse, ‘Dough Gabe fo, andeetinatd Appian cetve manne ising is source. Hol nerei pan wih aby Geet and stilt vais Biases ad tunes fis sous hic woud have arly ben deo hs nach come ‘tions and tar escinoed pinion" Os eth bad ome, enna be ‘nd tat Cab tent ary gh whoa be noted Appa endarasn n oting aden sues fois’ tres, which eins pins all mre rs poly cumpoed pliner, Often no mar tba stale eps concer {tg nd people ant nt howereeojtrai story othe wie region mn gue Hower it was bot Appa aon (GREEK AND LATIN WRITERS MENTIONED BY NAME Ate iden te mates of Appian: speed Sources ar po doubt of limite tle id ays bj fo evn” howe i ceca of Beat {portance fr beter understanding of he we of uc fo know wih hi {lw are dtlymensoned sis Hor. along it an neve: be certain Sttthr be use fem dso niet ons the autos ced by Appian ‘ac nt even ben rad bythe writs he ad edu wee aay quted by en ‘Suu, Tee nance merely indent tht Appia ss acqsied wh hem Te mento ty aa seve Grek ad Latin wrt ne, surprisingy, thera ‘nny ever te fer, This hat may oe be camps, bal be reek waiters who ‘ree spol med by Appi sud he Eytan King andi accounts Tiras of Cain and Pay, The fling Roma Norns a et ih. tin, 9 1 Sat dpame 96.27 (Gach 1 ibn S02, ib ra Sh as Coin, Pama “Sapa 986.2130 Gg nd me we rh ian sts whose wock yas wren a Ltn ae cite by Appin Fb Paco (Casas Hein Ris Ras, M. Tres Varo one Pas Clade fa mul, psuiblyQ. Claas Qundrigria), Caesar, Seine Lib o& Lng, ‘Asis Plu Augustus. Appin i mx away cs hel works but oa ally reff thm as iag bee vad inthe venta ok aes, “These tons Ise yor a Appa wrk, are wth soe esariaton nhs Preface, Appin made mean the coon of he Fs ings (iD Berto expat so FOP 6S FI) Las Ceti str, bee fas of usClavdas at her the anal th oe San pr © las ‘Quargrias, or PCs, o an there uae rity (eis 18: oy _gowais erent Had nb Kashi, concen the Caen pened” ‘Sepa furor etna ‘Can, the Roma neve of 3 BC (Racy 8 ‘Pana: Kec 63), nbo tay have ao bem Q, Cn Quinn o ee sly Cass Henin» Roman anal te second en BC Net ered {© Cass Comentarios pobabiy,uding y he comet De bello Gates “Cassar his oo commons aout te date.” Ud f 183 488 Kae 4 ois Bla deny rv mag Sepe). Whe ging on aso te ‘Nua Wa. pinned Rain Rai Gconicestry MC) Ye or who had described hse von” er 82 Pain Papn vrai 08 Bene so Petr, FRR ci) Rui ned eve nde op Aca [Nimaatsand was teas ofa history bis owe tine With srw Apia refed alow Q Faas “The Semen fo el Quits Fabs Be iho who had dsr thee evn." (in. 16 4 3 Bae Kv a in, ‘evry ed Een be SD oly Here PrHs 609 T3). Wen "ating the desruton of Carts, Appian meine Pus: "obi Nn seh actly heard hse facts, ad whch he wo” 629-3. is Tid ay dias vrnedpy see Pay, 38.22 of: Dien, 220, Herorpmus of Caaf cea BC), ton wa ror oy te ‘Appa "Herons ay shat he a dexoner te rel) ere cae Ii cont with hse nations.” (th 24-2 Tgngg Be Lets Enis Dag Fert 18413) Appin fore meses Age rings fa time Ind. 56 he gute at of aie Mai a was roe enemberad hy Atguss: "Phere ony nein i aga commande io ‘Sem espe in military mater: he tne of neces” (siden rire ney {iu ag et wip sp. of 2a 8 TabersgEnegn miss duno) ‘hich might ave bon rant any onepor atria, not eco) Angus inset” apt are Appanreteeon to Aug’ Cesar inthe 7a Gears tema int san faith meses et Teiyc he Commentariat Csr (10: ie Brae: Kaen din hl rar sel wren Connenton” (either Ted). he rence o Abst Sears inte bcke bis Co Mrs nts sels -Th ed toe ings cht as mach otro he Comment le rain eng” G81 ve ne Dag SE Seureirn Sei ws ire egy vada) Leer Soler the Mors apse peeing esc of Atos {ndOstrim te ler ™ Al, srotente ce ich ar etre ‘par hoarse napa whch the pec of cn her svt oer Sats Pope beporel pop ia ve ben en fon fupt’ Manoir," woe eth seth he had ho ond abi inal G19059 ml hep opt 9 Bar la). {he oft histo mrs ston by Appian ae Traamer of Tees aro Govoutine cn BC) done of he Roman ro Jar, Who ‘rt ao he calito sid hrs fa Boketa Trea i “ye tected nose, he ame oso ane, 8 Crest (Duncn 353%: m0' nr ini se ewesetn eva One, dio wean inden Tendete). Phe: ne te Cars Eto (r Comment “bone pCa ator Pompeys ats (Bele ‘fpsb0rs Kato si cor rapnyra Coos Bell ch 3924 it The for of Aton Pll expcey mene by Appa a wrng ‘box bate uPanlae nr Pia wks moron Casa commons imi fe, ears hat on Pompe side S00 dat ae were fond” (el fie 28256. Ret, D6 Thar ob Rai ie bang rear ‘Basra nee stele gure) nee il bok othe Gli snore ier sto ane ovina eve act eee in ona Cac dehy Sento (at eonay BC, Ate msor ft Ler oma) or Lig" al ceria writes per abt {Saou whereas Libn fr Lip) src= G71 earn Wo Baars ec Nail sce Cn Cat, pe a wee, ‘Sisen Oe'peties of Asses eo Osvin Ba on. S4591 Me mul one ‘i emacedranele pin rar DH Dat ptt se PSone pe te abn, Sor Ang Cone Pe ‘Si ie fot rays ie toe cowl lac inna onary yom ag ar HR etn cnc reste abe pane, 860 Sea Maan, Pa Ins ot ito intresto note aloe lowing pseages in which Appan en ‘one histori nt ait, bat ey else totem ax ha ings ‘who ound tbemsetes i various staton se eited a parle crt “hase dra how Plus conversed wth Sei hen oth wee looking a Cartage burning bel Tem and thot cont etn msdn tas ‘whens coniered ht smite might one nthe ature fl Rome ts well (di 29-4). Asta ten noted, Appan al ied Pays ory ts he "sly ny ou hate acy se when cops is mek Inthe se tend took a is Cl Wars, Apia mentioned tht als wa ana ot Casi’ army the mais soils to ql the upline in which he was not lle (oh 29.37 ample Eaooron Keon) maSiera eit ing fw a lenge), a hat Js, he King of Mets a sv, was fed aan inf Casas Wamp a 46 BC (Ble. 21014 ibe vai ma, eg euyjnene Batons a> Em mien he th book ofthe Crs; berm hat be had isd Cicer ila whe the ter bee led dung be prserpions (41973) Ear cade mention ‘Gers pamphit Key and Caesars ep it Arar (Bl 29941 ‘semper eo oe eur edb Appian bela ies fr thecotenporary evens, Tes aes lave ach mre stent va an ‘be hypotheteal mames of Greek nd Romance ted 9 Appan soe ‘by modem horas wich range fom thse ult Timagees ‘Stare! Some of thse Bypateses may even acct, bt rm of Hem there re limaly no canine pment "Api ln usd documents varus Kinds ois Hor thst the ic te trinvi on posrpos which be sel aed nt Grek Ths was the coment ofthe preserivion the tas, a ear a con Be ranted From Ltn into Grace (Ballo 4185 eps ce eoeaeh eve Seas Sos be Ea garry det any weve) Heke Lan wh, {61 indy conte by his ever nthe mera servi, His Kawa of {ati in ems of ings ca no longer be argued merely on he bass of «we amscrpion of Latin word ibera, he 5, inerre, Bl ch 198, di ‘oy, bd 139 a psn, ings, i 22) 9 mee rh 8 Silo So ‘rumpus or gore rpraseripti ad arr th bs se ings eclatis ab story bth wor ormaton sin syn was ey ell ane nis time by X Hsia He wa ot blew as hs sion ne 599 ands Cnr Ln, 16, hn pn eg Ae Haun ‘tower nt ered Main iret, 98, a te ec sve roe sed ice Gower Ee ‘owing Ta erat 17,20, [orem eA tr, psn Son ee,so of pan aig he soto ei hi an he ies SSSR wee yl hs pect ner of we eh Chel Spnanisn intepatied scampi Somopoph which any dant say wed Sy Ayn lpr est ingen rig Roman rans patie Tn lege ein ey om ‘ton uy assis el pest ht Gk nr tes Techs cop ot Lt wig Rona otra The Soc ae fees ny ae tas go comple ne ac elon pt orlando or eating ir Geo ‘SE ur nyt ct, ce ming uve of hen, {cite an nu tee heey er ie ae {rome ne’ sore ease ses)" Gulp fron Sea Deni eed te gpd ett sence ects uterine the Gt ht ng oman a Sgabgoe rc nts ving ei ny, Roan, Eetiysien vowed vin omth poe ini ae hen An. ‘Rosuaperomavafis cece tn say spect Spin 8 ‘Montes crt sini! son ene wl ane owes ‘omens asic icine hein Gro oh Sy gmelomba tens td me Ge aman pe mls SUPPOSED SOURCES AND THEIR CHARACTERISTICS ‘One th oe inne perio el ars, ht of Pompey the ret and cera andthe Teun at ene a pogo pial evens wo Seve oie some fine nu wey, sh 8 Caer Salt, Soa, a Asis Palo: No doubt Apps shade eof hi ropa tories and tee Wigs ‘Sposa ete ott Bok his Ci Mars, deaing wth iconic beween Fhrmey sd Caa beth which the tug of Antony od Otis oe omer ated One of Apia’ supose sources, a-Si ain ou of (Citas was aio Cem end Lastos™ Gab, hone wets on Appa ‘oman gry ne andar, sow twas oma ode emai eee fer is Cit as ebasge the ft Dok) Ais Pai. One of Cau msn arguments hat the unkown writer smst neces ave bee historian “topo athe eves deri, hs inet partisan one ot oid "ED RON Theme Linn Gs. by Appin) and sens bases in our ofthe Replica eon, ning ext Pon, the expense of he Seat as eg Cle" Poin, who ws oda one ofthe est conzempaar hist, "sto a pou eine he st {rd inthe war ofthe dyn’ fas cven Bes supped tat one of LOS ‘Speci pessimistic views concerning omc a8 «Geese ad dracon oF {He stata be cette in Api nn nse sans dot aap th ata ‘om his sure wos oe, en concept sine be emsered he Pipe ‘renewed pvid af rapt! Hever sh be kee omit yi "tie cans krown of Aas Pll therfore he should eran sane of ‘Api’ man sources onl with Soe etn. Admit, th ooton of tnt of his sources lily ot posi howevet be se hem ith i om ‘so f Ramus sory in mind Ober ype propos nud Sto, “Tagen, Cron Caras, Seneca he Ets ter wr ne bse fan sold evden iy mesy be mopped that Appian cid ds fn ‘le source ~ which deste seep may well ve ern ii Pollo ‘ih nfrmaton fom oer str whe deal wih he i wae Tg, who, aecrding tT bis, onl havea bea the mot inpetnt ous fo [Appa risa! ebay need infeed ante sent ht wok ina ch ‘5b, oo, was fom Alerndrin nd a postive ste fo rbcien pple, regress of is bal th mpenary f Creek ciation Hower rtelyaypetess since ales ashing hs been preserve oh wrk sh ith ‘een poten ht Tinagees had nt bee ule 3 mains by Poe ‘Trogs fortis Mioriae Pippeae- tobe casequaly posvedinan amt copoly han aha enone ben seed st cay “As) pei matey ier ses ely agen tly epaded ‘ech ws in gnc and titrate phy enghaszodly Appi, no ‘tempi hem with sods dein oman cay, hypocrisy, so wee esas ela nevis desy Hs surave ht of Gres fom Ee shen acd peraps ply because of Ut an py Bee ofthe tempera ies op. As mC bp at ry Fost ede oO ee sri into te Gracin oer Set ig or ae 4 thy ‘comet mo horton te ann dtoed whichis ft a ni ens oye epee Pann ‘in sg Sve ine ei ows dss he the es hee tay eran an exe r ah Cosar pari wae ape Snvete or fr boson, nel arin tmp be oes ideas an he swan there feat ad the Dust anon orcs 6 The Sr ows sea ad ‘hs un is eto apr poste Dae.XXII 6 Rb Bh ace Bevery enn reesvn Fain si Seporan! teins, Sein torte nega ewe foe ‘od Sign ans Da, 3 dae rey = tha yo to sg. Phe tieget tyrant neg Disbneasw Uap ep gery aa Dy Be ewig eve piers isare wal pha nes mrs deiage eon ea TESTE: thon ronan: 70 nal # ge ide lpyariuen #5 Pony doit. [egies Bayern 76h Keg int Salyeas wer 7p Fe 1Dlsein, Tachi dace XXY. of Baud B fo ri fod ay nbs nig pray alr sre Digna, EnagSre bier fh se eaeSuoro Fee fy Bia, Dhan Rafe rose escapee 72 ran page ad ern ago orparyy ker nigra. ganna rb rv Adare riba, narahadie igo al 7a ews Seis bg Ee eS tn al wird sito 8 Sag Rang OM mura om LA mee ct ‘ies oes eases os woe a sedi bana br view BU maison eadBore Vrs a hve earns # nc pa (eH a pare eae sie an an XII Fr tee Caw Sue Fi 2A map entree regen ane eed Reet lets query pronounce Getetoee assy tae mie wrap or Deas Tes rele gi mck dry co pre Tele pes oes Sin nt op os Wa ay nar ey ne io ti ao ch bt ee tn {ore nen be pte nen gpd anand ‘shyt tpt pad wee wl Cavan kt ‘Sassou ne ral eaten neo, Wiebe Sle etd emo Te Sep sad i oes ‘Seve concen ht ey te el prt uo ene XXIV The epee ei pro segs mh iit dy ty ‘wetted wih fe aly te i ty pn oes fr nh Cass peed P12 Me pint Sg el Si, 7, TTA ow I.hore a le els Ba sy BE agg Bae (cigs sgn’ sal mie fig 7B Pama Son 3 88 Keiag [yas vd yangs mora Sere, DaSgp Bw edna eae Gi to By Gh Enero rin hg val str Dag alvely fdunrons, tari lacie eb badd nl avers alas al Rane ‘Seo Hage Eis 3 dna eno, a co dag Io dramas 1 vassal Sige eos Db at en pny (lier el ra ge Sons dodger ido Se XVI 63) Keira a Bl gs, Beara nn ain, ‘at meus soeugbavta oven nyuerome fs ade wire Tearuor aay Tgp wh me ererieer boven sons Sit 1 Fate glare ae erat eter nal hen vlran Bor Exes irl ake ages iden 76 lore Tanai ethane Seige in wan olsun of Baga ery renagry ame esdingnas Hops is Dai iis ae wt She wep ioe gua oa, Heaps, Teryos deat Beondace vs ergaris ge Ding dager ela be Dias of Par Ds hd wip vga oo np nh iar; na Soviet Ton vi ets eparsia 8 Boy? ene iy Sef Da, oven ergs Sido oh aura leben Dain al Sea ‘Sow bony re sar to fey mhoppings Be nDeoy Deeg a ya * aks sg Une BLA, he SREELORE Eh key ne tig ha en ihe ett Ramet rs apn oie mo wo eng ‘serine ha nf hema wes etn batt sy aly ng Teste enti mgs Sp i mae tae pt 2 Th ta ae 10a no he Suse onal es by ges sharp a he sth o mw (Fg 13). The maory af sun ano Wr pies oh il tee hy ‘lta sl detent ahr Ssh oh cae il so te) easai gig, {nb soe a yA uel fy mag gag ager Gg BEA ne fearon Crain ee Balan Toy, Brain Tass fe ah elias nari XVI sii 2 ee tue nacional gy an dons quendoig Abanie lang sit iden acing fot es Sadadras, Fetters sea da Boake Dar toy of can nerarin ied re Sout ith nerien ol ans Unsiaro mal & ies foe, Bt SSjiow 2 Pe ndgoors md bgt nap Bue enor dno wml, ey 1 dru! imran nal webs meiturms oir nel Bore rayon 8273 oyun Kaioug diya fs eynion alyarn 3 irr mal Bar eon oo ot irre align Bes vl ee atresia Orga Eidinnn sos sn olpnbs d KateagEceiars, eal exter) sa ns Iai rot evden; Doon es oie irae Bi vin a Bara are ‘elbur. gancrses 3 alse Sag toupee Hy elma ows & Karas ‘Se Diaede yu fey ve deur Poly aa po! sags Cnasinares (ok, deevirare tl adn Bh aan Degas Base Sevan 3 ESpdnderes Goren Sga ig xa? Ror NIN Dae ets nd Pagan sans Deg wa ed Had Part ash ar laoras Bt Mowe Sie Eur sr. ‘Veraig wb a nat Nop Hyves Tse Keouan, sahara Kew Indabin jy 2sSaeré os lara uiew pete niga, eh [EB sigs Tov sig Pars 4 Neal yosuee Boer w 2oubn vi ene 0 ein eoaoa esp Annes, § gy Ruin, And. [RU Mitley setenv nergy, al 1 ara dae, a is "Dito oes Mors nnn," re Gai Kaas sal Suen, sai Wiis nal Marah al Neen, 2 Py Ue Kedron ‘Rose BAloniy Moa UTE Das 8c rer VC, verity Ss ne ee Abi cy LA a sy 00m facta fe toa tadnare Taine LO Somat hae Poplar ops Ton nag a © Amodau Dene VE ase ¥ ai 8 ut Se Egat lyme Do Vs apo ie Maes cee habe snd am ha rile 4 The babi, no meta by he ey Stony on al es were orcs with Sar sent Th nao Ii west penne ty el Dea a on het ‘thy nk einen Poa XVI. Cats i fry tes gal and ht ad at eid he cay 78 nt eae he Don Ts ad te ey lp "he ear remo Csr epg iy sn he gh sl er ‘expe eg Pace cae nn ea ec Te hc iin tt asada nd werepul bl eases cr en ‘eth ete Ronee het til is we ‘eeepc on ie rt igh he east ian oh see {ts in, Cooa el he tach een ac tr! owing ny le pons th cor at ha ann nerdy sng ve th ‘slr sey wing nde ceases Hes ‘oid epee ac ot wh talcum XXVIL 7 is ana Pomona captor on Tats th bt Be ny pers nao decons eh euce e Raman col tl eh 1g ty ne behing pn poop, ce ny ein hd a Sheets oe ate wes fd. once ty tek et Se a ‘he big tthe ream wc Da oe muse a aay In rep ety gas bres eeu ch ho pate enemies te Cite Stn ur dae seep ssp ho a ‘ik hove ee hms vane seg he srg pp ate re ‘erdtmnnand tantra weno 9 Where besebd hor ‘Sov saaledarain nya ot il be sans nhc Cao ners ‘Sand reenter Ss In he fg ema oe nes wh 9 Sa eons peter weh ls Tlr lng Sunnah a [XXVIML 30 When eat ene ew cnt he isin he fin mth sre minh iy a chy at it ‘tener peri eb ram wich ensued ye wa ‘ett tee prone enc yh ee Te alas ‘Sec bole fom er mane exited cu i moe we nes Cas {tena send bee im ery Thy deed 0c fen hg hd be oped by Cara al the Re lay sande ‘sedan Gai They to hem ty oy te tn ed ‘Sct eta ef sean tt pot sway came saa Cae ied ia sends ibe prto whch mnie are Ost When ed ‘tthe De he Drs eae Cay nba ws sng gt hy lov epeness an ery: They deeded posta cree ‘rues When ey Now Car space whey ted Whace i as Rian i thn 2 a 6 ain (iy le bl 9p Pagar Prvoeoring Sasiras it bi Seber tes Pain eondren oni 9&2 teh wg ra ris pares inners uy eu, 1 dave ever 8 how" Nec salscedgy oe ageraacs sti Gem en SEs el sug Mur an a, 8b “fe Dey totaal rude Dea tong secs otngnge fr Bb mes va Ma Aebnbe evo Dnw vee tease nal Sige ha and wea Serine sey rrp he neo he bag, Tse ha tse ‘nam rer ty Rc 8 Tht Co oer iene es ar bn rece omnes aloe pats a ‘ancpeeiny enhasty The Saye a ap, ‘the eat eros ih hte ne Any, 2% M hema pr fe ty he oes ‘ts te Ein Sn uhh he as sd Net wee sapped ty oe Co Ste wrt toby es wei Pe aie they tose tha af en eng at lr peal Rat sie Nr tm ws code a hey tee Sea chain we eer Seo XXX. AS The Msn wer stacey Mares acd er fis Lich ‘sho a ug sins Mesos Neadwnsd oases wht area Ieohtouing the ysis, Calan Depp Odeon Mase ca ‘oie wich en iit han ng se Ap sto the aise ered to Ran. 86! tS ues dan tenn lr ‘vane he ptt Raman Repu t prio of apn We steele Teno wed ry tr oh el ‘Genet f Et Ihe wrsten span cay Tn aden oh gtr cdr ater al of yt com ch, eh eto are aff af he Reber il hi sy mow abe ps, {Ashe Raman concer he Mons to esp fbi tds an ‘uy taemel oper wo eth he we yb sot a te at he Hepa atc NoordCHARACTERISTICS OF THE ILLYRICA ‘THE PLACE OF THE ILLYRICA WITHIN APPIAN'S ROMAN HISTORY ‘here dats wit the Roman onguss fhe otheases Alpin, asten Adis, nd western nd entra Balan regan. Aough sometins rons ensieed san indepen toa th src sata on apna woe th tok dealing wit he hisery af ced (Macedinico a Aran hel ne toad inthe st Bok his Ci Was, sage refering 39 BC fine lath of Pompe, Anon went again wo drmania to nde anew expeion, ‘and Octavian ug the Tans who were plain ely, sare of om had nvr ben sabject to he Roan rl whereas some hers ho vale ny the ‘has Ihas veemed me est orate the rin boy aloe anaiach {ero sheneighbourng Macedonin bo, ging with the fine when coun ‘ame wider te Roman yond Bringing he nation dt tend Te lyri afars hoe nt on entirely lear oma ts hy mod nt have een of Sufi length ob conta ia separate ok and neh hrc ana lace reer thom eenre™ (S140 602: AM Meng wn ES, Doras Be dy Rguolandorprsre ai & Kafeae 3) huge of oe ‘alg inferno ua gansta mo Panis, Bb tein ura nal uo Boe oa Da dn rd as pas oT ceoelaiven ies ig evrgeots oft pigas gare fiat aySioay 8 228 du dvirnn sero abd i, secayeaba sales cheb i fuioe Meratoned, He psa is unensines 0 Deng alt sin moe infomation sat ‘he hisery of yea Ths he ct that ee tation in spss eon tnt is preservation sin ner coyi put afer be fh boo of Cin Mors, Sich a dion Was seed by Dee fr hit Latin estan a whic he ook ere een fom Appian wm on. The adr af oes in ‘unset vase, asin some the Myris paces a th ef the Hsry ad insome iis abere stefecath book? Apps ods cue dei, hic was lo observed by Pate. However, th ede of bok did pt cre! Seamer te te of seri of Appian age Anan etecnd ok >the hein, 9,505spond the eroologil one acorn to which he sige books were writen, an eine — or soe oak eat ~y the posters referee nthe ‘fui books fo he er ook! I the es of theca, ean ely bea ‘Sine wos wen afer elon sl nia he eh book Ain ‘Rak ge 610. hve ented who I wrote abot Crete" naan (Soot ste! Kelen hge) doce in fa ert theater book ough he fo devi root gut Desens anton is Lain ration of Ap mm de Celis scieremar ay tones be csr gn akoave amt Whe in chapter 4 Appin mentoned Marin sae wa against {he Cie bee eared to i Clie History (p10) "as stated when ring ate Cat” (i wore Kahne Répans bear "fad moe ee cane at roe eed despite ft at the Macedonia wc dealt wits complx theme ae of Whisk the eco ha ion conte par preserved only in inten she o ngs fgets? nthe eased tt the yi the ty ext sare wth ach tile from mat ee oly corto Myre hstry peed wate om the ‘on Grea ad Roman ary radian ony wor tattoo knows rs ever Ben writon on this sujet angus eerily oe ofthe mest Teptant eres fr the istry oe iene gins coors st ofthe Totton epi att Know eta Hirth fue proviso Da tna, pre ef Norm aod Penola, ad Moos. Tse een den been {owwns ign en yc, ut the nse vague and imped one ‘ft ites ko fo be oud in Appa? The hiscal eens arated ‘Roan however asordance tos coo=y— er then0s pat eat fevers BC Kevin roe ast chr the ia that eid at {ead onl evs ht hppa ater he et oe Rep “vies Apion died to ppt he lative shor arate ois Mic dont bos, bron be csr hate pric eginialybeloged 1 ‘Tek tne he to sata re mow prone nest hp, ‘hic he sizeof he coy i defined scoring o Geek and Roman pag: hers athe dane ar given fm Macedon. The Inks with Maeda ate {ho vient im capers 79 in which Appar deal wa the yin Was ae ‘Sn of wich Macedonian kings ware ect ivlved inte yan as by {eocng pola decane the sn dyaste and ee versa a inthe ee = Teme spin Apa say es en ty ‘Mea ep dcr: os, 1 Ronme e 65; Sak Ko Onin, 986 88 cay yc, 8 Ws, "Se ome nh pr pan’ Din ‘ot Demtin of Pos, Wo was one ofthe aie of Pili V. The ian ‘ory sty be argu cules be ape eer bone App history of ire: nds, is perp his Celie Mtr; ince mich sain ro nel oi as wil be sen in the subseauetcommentais~ako the (Ceti peoples 8 well Tha, for example, Appian bray dace th Seon ‘ori tnd he laps, the ater having been desorbed y Sabo a mie Iyrt-Ceic people (4610 C207 7152 C315, alhough the artncelogi te ‘un inet Celi atences were very limite. The sane he ane ‘er Pannaian sd Duman s,s is deipion oft expedii o Te Arun sins Deb is aa connected with Cee Hr. Atheros place fr th rio within Appin’ wor, athe es sppropit than the eae Jost refered to, would be somenbere within he arta heal Hage fe ‘lvl wary since aot a fhe book cons of Apa deri ote ‘ns lacy cans in iyi the year 35-4 BC Ths canbe popes Undetsoo ann he one fe sly between Ostia ad Anacy Seee ge war xt roe oedema inthe ble Actin, AS as bee erioned abv the rir atl lace nse mane he othe Chi ars wha rece Been pba thatthe bic was“ ates avin Ap ria’ oot! Whetic ofl ble infer rm the ane pase at fad Bem wien By Apoin at te end a moss ray il be open fo scion; in my open ima eatin extn Appian ted tha "he! rte beforehand narod above abt the sees Ge ‘ea Cetin howeres, be sens ooh pation greta ft io op ing the isry of lst, ios he Bisel ned several stances ta wat ‘cable cet slat inbemaion on aro top ltih frse he rotlnute hemos he cul have merely corso iy. THE STRUCTURE OF THE iL¥RIC4 ‘The yica is ivdd io hit capers, The ds, however net “Appin al his ay ply sccoom fo theft ran anson atc ‘apie in particu lack smowtnen and ae nt ets lg Ye this ot ‘he only eon why some ef the cape ae ent select wis ech te, wo he ther and some tn compac unt win the maeaie ‘he uotenstucre a the marie isin pt exlined by Apo’ ws od ‘asus the bai which e wrote hi enon none ua hs xpi ato would be cr that twas bse dt ae from eet ‘ors ops, weve, sma have ed ra his nity ok data in The rilaces within the sores be sd a, exp he nal mekmcordig history eat year, The lak sures, whether reece Appia i ‘Sout nom he cal ineitence of apport hisorel arate, ‘Stun Appt compose hie rian Hoy ahr diproprtant Formal weve eto emp ove is wok airy for based ‘pom ceva bs aos, ha eros Don ober, ad Hs ieestng haters ramen tlsce nhs ampostion Pig 1) Te fis wo apes (ESS genera a logy the ft ape sot Boge] ‘Eucipon the sour and distances ae gen aa oh Greek and Roman ‘Nite re mentioned ay wiores. Inte secod, mth! rigis ofthe Joon sce ia Lyrae elo several ters are ite rem ve ‘om nich are ety rfre ot not deste yes. Inthe oie then haptr th istry of Tn 0 Oxtavn's itary campsigns s6= tthe Inthe id cap, fe wesenes are deve othe Sore, Taba ‘dic and Liturs athe bere catastrophe of be Aare deste, ‘Aa inne tin eapc, th Soc, Mid ad Dusan ce mesons’, These ‘tuloning Sve chaps were early Apia san intodation ote sry Uhlyrn s seen atthe ca of te fh capo, tebe sad that "0 mach fs Ba sid by nay frat aout he pepe conde by the Greks to te yan (eal me sa Sou sas mo "ERDe see seend wo enshie). Tne sarchper Appian expla the name ‘in nd pointed oot hat he tad een eo ind ni sures pes dats sont the ees ad rete fete wan wah rhs yin pope. Ths oul in my opiion be expaines ty theft at he dda a any of hs sours x const aso oe Tiny et tian, because sich an accouct aos eri hadnt existe Rube he ws compel exert sr separate nccours Fvaroos episode of ‘Sle gris nay frm ene or more nna sources histo sch 8 Hoy Tso nde dierent yas, Tos vent were ou rg exe got. ‘On th oe ney tla oer cleo peoples who ld in ooo8 nye fot they nad he rein own a Miu on tei hey meer more ro sour penomaes sine nsry mony rae sou flmeus tamer Tsk have een oe the easonsthatnded Apo a9 ‘ns inowtv aproch fo composing Roma istry by eating ingle peoples OF Shun spuly at ce also fr te rar tor. oo Be deve tone pope or Linon sb pert acount Reports and dat ob va tury’ peoples whch Appin oul is sere, or sous, wee probs {ty ofc vrata wat proper backround or ene He soul ave Bsine ksi wh comext when be adapted the daa for his ow maine ye ‘e'Sie totelet and heal omit all the dls case be ke that (than e would gti ole wi problems that be neber wished Fem te 19.85 aj G89 su Oer08Y daca sain {Saperecom npr | MEL Aoi 2) Soa slevoseton aes J re, Sore bom seek ESSE) ets oxre [aor opengl oer och ea 1 ome Srl ronan I yh onan pen cng ‘lope Pepe cern be ctoee ne . een ace a ee ome’ oted ax aera oh ‘pee 22 | Pome J pe 3 No aa (per 0 a ) eoemeimtace a in tin Ws nor ieaded ae knows yi’ ge ak toa was tue ed coment he wasnt sl pice 2 (ae) cen ‘eaves w= pate desi Cctv’ Ian Was Tehama te the iy Wat oi daly i, Be summed the vei i at oA pinion an sty in {teste began ih ein Was When pe oft Roan engi ys This nnn in oem bis owl ven show ve tal Konan ier and ero rep polysbeartlRomes Semon he cp he dct Pry He it ope she Do deine ie asl Rene occ ntl nk cose ices perl ign (Goce an Hac oS) dee eps ao Se)Roman neg, ding which he Rema sate waster depicted as. rte fires of ore nh seed har, an he congue aaa s Wor opponents, ‘event al coult partake nth prosperity fhe Roman Emp ime oncept yan be nerd in he pico, alton, die othe diversity fhe “Suny sad lek of lls pli formation, Appian oem ugha Tew chogtrsrosequento the war wnt cost oan ‘st oreo es came pees fear a wc event are dsb {oe plaoe ar mich n dire reps snd peed Te he oh hp, tenon rn ofthe wa spit the Anel an Pla (= Atlan Peto) {ie Favs Facan well th expedition agains the lpde and Sept, ‘oie th eat chapter be war ais te Dele mesons ot {ei he camo Yo Cats’ roconelshi in Cpne Galt cum hat bo ‘Sudan aratew ns rundedepiote, which comin is capes, hs ie ogi epinning and end snd makes Sense repre of ht ub aoe ta eh tout. Tse ar haps 12-13, which deal wih Cass ces inn Two chapter flow spin oering see dicooncedifmatn, he aconer ar decide he rect, ad Cassar’ postponing ote conse of Iya is dace inthe esr Appian exreed i acon ht be ‘Sd ie sours ila toute cary tory fic, and a {elt as Octavian, he peoples seed bre email ast ucorgute (2 daira io Bre ai lana sgn, ign Bp gaat {airs o> trauvar Sei ul Fan Pepa wena) Th he on tian haptrs (6-38, which ny orepond namely 0 he reas hice, Octavian onus a aos, anon (Sees) and Dal {ae Deiat ao ether Mian peoples) were dest wth net dol since the nares ae front Auge” rm epee. Thse chars tpt! By {ar thems coherent nd wl described pre Apis rian Hr. Na Ingo fo the work rcs and ay almost be regarded a an independent toca! scoala te Mea cara plays an inresing ute ‘toon, which il Be cst nthe rlvnt emery. Inthe renenine te chaps 09 an), which pinout cmerpor te nae {ory capers a on he conned a conclave Rae, Nai tl Mocs {Cates rapist te Mins) are ry mento “Asean be ice rm he above Srey the trocar ofthe ok (veh we tually nt an dependent bol) evry uneven, smth of being dvd ‘© Onan’ wars it iticum, for which Appin no dub: diet use Oca tats Commentaries mach as Angus rags are peeved inthe egal trey tot try lio exe, the crreponing capers im App gue Sport forthe recon. Clee, he val of Appia’ ce serra bhimkenrsteheraesmmearae om fr thse of the Bln in sly vey i te oon ‘ew lings i thelang a obs bist hse reps Reps cane Fortes fe rico apt se sha ao of Oca scons ian be curved tater shy of hep were Shoe reo sia bythe sao Poy hw sor a ode ‘moe est a ioghaly suc consi cane ere a tne he claims andthe aca odes, Py epee tel pris hap hil spon often so eta key this nt en jean hing compo fa fm ‘yt isa pri Que oviuy, thwac oss rere ing mh peels intaton cape he acy sone ere mde tein. Vy ie ont er of me he et prt yep ds forearm ny Bros Dasa and Pett el thers sated nw ety Bos nd poi Oni te Seto tbe ery ced ec of Oxia capensis made ste mstotacur peopies ore ely thc, natn este pepe hs efit esse othe Romany For seca then ere atmos nes presen euanere The Hist cine in Ap na themers in mocha wh esc Pars nh at pea otc Shin Ran aor i Ty ere nerd te td gin eons nha opr fh eh lal sins ep a ‘ssa mae probaly bon cto Cape Cal ere wore ‘Sempron Tada pi the in 129 BC LLYRICUM AND ITALY pian was in ny cae wall ava tae history fbi a way en sloey connected wi that of aly. He mas have rand hi he at wen Feidng tbe Commontar of Aaputs. Apia ois soarses te wel ava ie bosstegic importance of Ua, ich lea ot et inte! hat "hel onfie with Posey in 9 BC Carr was propa, acorn oA ‘anspor give upal is passions ule ul else coal, cep Ityrcus wit Csipne Gaul td eins Belo 212196 pata an De ‘Vai iy Vasa yar dian adariag.)" “Te star ofliyrcm in the over Adit sen ad preset-dy Balkans ss ot notte ste his of et of he eral vale an peoples and es who wee setted inthe vas ad gograshly very Snes fedrepions, which varie Hom nace anti an elt pao "ae, Cnay 208, 256-28. Sut Ke, atm 1D; Se een endl hi wh oe eine 0)ovina ets narou valleys karst exanss, ad onsins Sich bse ferences ni tral reset contd toa ret exe he economy ofthe fire eos hf way i” Ther ages oda eur eeop- Ine ded satan a he istry as aves prseted vent dic {sora hsteian, This mara bt ln to Appiah teat in vry bod and rough ns be was tar of he ts ies i ium, and the sith ‘Gap stented 0 epi ow al bese peoples exe to be regard sy fan By bis en adn, be could atid rope epaaton fr his mae, {toe modes commentary oe this tps et en scion roc al pos (Gt view Te interac extra wef wos Tas peoples ter ns hom ntl exes and star ors al ented 0a gest ier ney adsl dynamin rs oot sping hata pet dea of [it itary precede problems fx Appin as mach had probly sls ben ang oh sora Bef i “To alan ofa acted Rone an lyf vases pois view: The ‘tirana was the et cones ring he Roman cosa amy ooh “Asis it the als, pong the way fo Ftc Roman cooaeasts of Mac ‘Soin Greece and Asis Minn, Reps of whee is ad een a peed ‘ied set of Ronan peste pty etter, consquence of trtvined ‘hace ftors, or bh" enethlss peoed Te bean acento im portance wen rbot songs yi In he end bal the seco ‘Ena BC oe Rorans began to cng th esa alka fo the north ‘rela os th sou, Miliary expeditions mee sent fom Modena asia the Bardeen the ies ho lv the est ofthe tran f te Cure province of Moa On the herd, he Romans endeavoured o consi fieeasern barr of Cine Gal al seer tes st her tops apis he Tres, Cam, pode, and Paani be as ara Sebel The ache ‘nets wre Hon tng aaa ate as Cae proms of Celine Gal, {he Roman va) de ot nen beyond the rap of sons which a een a ‘acho Caps andar 42 BC omar. 1 alto which a 365, ielogedtrugho shes” Fame congas in Data od Pann tere cared oe hy Octavian n 35-35 BC, a wee completed x inhi egn Uy tes Therein lw So ly wre pool extol inp os ny opal ureton hte pent Dalmatian Panonan retin See erty en ae 21S Lncamet 17 (+ Opera 1950, "Gi Prgms Op, 19, eb Kw Csr 20028427 * SZ pr 180 al Ko Ena 2. =Siitien own ft, se {in AD 6-9 (Sut, Ti 16; gris mim extrnram lr ost Paid, ole menaced he ey of aly el "THE SOURCES AND APPIAN'S WAY OF USING THEM In view of he geographic ei, an cltural dest of the Tria? repos ‘4s a0 wonder tt mre sates se mated by Appian nt ire than ‘ay othr peserved on, dept te beity othe text tery bean he ude meron of Greek ad Roman geographers hy 12x28 sal "ED feran Pai 2 ye gat uryeunivn.) she of wees who rca yao! ata (pe 23 nea eto ren in), ft peed Take athor Uhr SIM: nal og se Teavaie reo o8 ela OF ‘Aust’ Comment fy HL rane Kalrg) “Appa endeavoured find ore sources ore sory of he Rat nd Nor Inscinod wards th end fe rie, bt he ould neh Gsconer tay adn informatio bos thot popes isthe hires he wed 29.88 a i we Ih ty Part Nagas) With the exception of Agus Comment 0 ‘wrt are mentioned ye “Apps vais sources fr hs bran History were ds by J bi, sao yptiesied im contrat othe hte caret opin that pp bad changed then rete often aretha generally Been belived tha ee ‘rs ony sed one die source. Doi fed seve dist sores oo he brs fansite fouls, sggening tea four writ ahs ope, cates 5 woul ne bee ake fom one sure, char 6 war writen by Apt sel chars 7-8 represent anil ei lon wth capt, th he thre chaps escibing the Titan Wars) aye come fom he tn soe ‘The sara of hie tree was of couse cay inna by the Seco Puneand Macdonian war a ly the wags Att eee he trrston formal the besnning of tenth cope, in whic the Tid iran ‘Wars deserved However, Det ron apposed st Apia wrony di ‘ingsshed betweco th yin af Paes and some ot” Ian Gein “These wee inded two diferent peoples ee he commentary oh ith pe dts Appia Begining of ths caps, mae! by» asin forma ‘Sve Consqueay wad nt nua wkd fan omposing bis ‘creo the prt of Arp, nor woul esol ens change of soe. Inthe cae of capers 10-1 i ot possible to dei Whether thy alee From one soars ornat Fr the nav concerning he pera of Cassar, ee “Arian seems ne wed he sume suse fr he arepding pid in i (Ch Mars as init by several purl pases og 5.5728, fering 0 oa i M28 ing as Min Pi snBrunisum an Antony oF 475217, wring bout Vatinis, A E, Gab, who ‘wel cew nent pias med ef composing hi iyrian bac, appa hate sretines vd dats on is sarc vara books isis When ‘tcerting edt his Ch Wars be dhs tnsfered some ofthe iformaon From tht tn sour, forinstance, his ren, This freee ty sh abo Cabin an tins toe on inthe raat nthe cor responding paragraph i Wars ‘obi sipped Titagene a Appia’: maia source fo the fst pact of he rica, wo wold ave 8 his tune ws of Aste Pla” The ia sure from he Banh cuter onvards cate Auguste” Commentart I sald be ‘ers ht Aas account of th rat kate my ate rg frm "avoussouces, bees in gute dispar tomes arse. Dba ths that ‘Appin made mc of Tagen pet than ntermetary tesco ar ions ere apd exact sees ~ and pay die whet dt eo), Sent sex plaaie® Neer oes ha tetave ugpestin dat the case hae imagen tory of pura were dey ull o Appin fo cain arto i Cit Wars, be woul ba sod Greek transon o Ais ol, rls compsed by Asis Polo of Trl, mos probably Asis eed. ‘Tis ipossblto know Appn'smain diet ears or thee chpter wool ave been, eeoring o Dod the Philp Hore of Pampas Tope od, Through iim, Tmagenes He dacovered several supiig saris beween the themes read by Pompei Topas and Appian, stably the terest he yin ‘ngs ni epee maaes abut he jin Wars Te is tan, wish va hei infensed by the Qusenorchung, Debit nals of Appian ones fre ibca wasn excelent woke foe the tithe ure pion st Tagsner na oe a he man sures ops “Trop whieh weve, ss wa ong acceptable” Als illo assess Pomeias rage on he bse ext pone composed by hsinzeund AD oo Node phisogeal rec has own ow isery Rito eyo Wein | ‘eure ofan amt aac y nae. Ato thecharatens ofa source maybe Dlg rk ponte cnnat tan es pea res Ins | Sense, Debs cbsrved ta. pian a mae se ofboth Grek and Latin wore {hi ue und ap nel ged sonra ia recent roar ™ Howe, | {misopinan Appian would at have used ieee Livy or Salle td so Prob Se 03430 gee ce agent ey aed ty, Komment, 126, so Tense ‘Pa gel era, Pong Pog 9 "Almas i Pa st Psion e Stabs, whic well berwise be indesta bydieen veins ff th mabe eves, fy cet npr ta cotsned by then ators Dot igeoed Wy Appin In my opinion hs canoi be sete wih sot enn Despite ove! sertcomings in Apis sctug Dost nth rb bia grea cet than Ha prevnasy bse bleed. Hopeves E Gabbe, to Infis ten be atte te rca fern of Appian we of sures ‘ae tote cents, pets to hay tat Appian was unc toca ot is own esac in an imeliget way whom he ha o combine evra SubsoquenlDobi prem ehr postive, jadgerent of Appts teiiy sd mi sty of he fica as Unanieasy Been oie een {icoryehaote, aod NG. Meng, wbo sealed several anther 0 it ou! tht dsp hs many omisens, Apia ale pean secure Cont of he events edd nen” ‘Aina corposd isos arate from spe f even vac atures ic he ido onside important enous sli thavugh x ser fond ‘tay Me wished itt be comple, hough athe ame tne he aw tat ch Wes ucking Hila o cml s exyened te cd of he chapter ‘Those wrote that “rine te Romans reg the san os flonging fpr and since ths narrative devoted a Irion hry whch show compe, ‘dened proper sy ieadvance tha ty wor cng Lacs sh ig Magis ot of Poi Teg yarn wa = eZee wa Dogar yw rea veh Dt enn ft Moly ita Dy oven dau) tcan aa be mgd at Apan dnt ch care od ation see, which would be necessary oan ie Tucina in is kanes apo cone an che tr uae des he oes Ie bappste ove at is dpe! nd ec owe This bees sl oe ‘rite by what we Know aha dt satis ith oni” No ea he ead idly ba probly i was iil im or anv to fo ade erate slot dee ses ike on x peptone ‘Appian Dgachptr 9, n which be dese the il 9 Genin, by sying hate wrt abou eck of yin poles oly atch ashe cul find abot ‘hom i th sources (025), iying tat the histori dls he ws tle eal! onthe history of len were slice nthe teh cop be cold pt ‘ny information concerning teen af th campaign of Flv Fae co. 3S BC axa the Ari! and Pru (10.29); bre, dot iy weld ae en ep site cis tated in te summary of fs se ook that the Vd: ha ‘bee tne subdued hy the onal (Per 6} acer, pian dst 2 Soni omy the age pan i nd Rkhe acne in ars mos usin wa, etn them non Snr the Psa, at npr so wih he aso, miu of cna out coment thar) Heed a capo ing misses muchos bad scoed a esting sath yn She Pacnes inte por He mae hat i nt ry lca he oan (Pron) nga Common (449 Hemet Sve bee lcd ove ly fund» ete ort the wer of 5-39 Dey est yay etre empere No wonder hw tae ha int of ok Chapt 1-38 ot of90 rs ta ou of ae va ‘Apu en cen chp desde obo of use sss ‘Bde eters of prom, The nt te chars wih low Otis Tiprn Was i ny pa’ si or weg Me lime ht te rl mo find et wat Rast sd Novica bon ape y aera fr Anas G80, Fyne is compass hr, be! obs STearonteny tocar armor demmding ree Wahs oe eon of {Toh an in ica fr inn a hve bce enough x Appin tre snd Ling om ry, ae ‘enone tte Ree mere congue by Tbr so Das 2 Por 1)" “Mhough nds! hay hve hs wr aga th Nene xcept woe Suse cara aut th Novean ter wi 6 HC nal Ha (Cont Di S420.) Analy he et Sap, Appin rear ht he ‘ltd rer dat which wold orth te te pr of ‘or Repub) toe act orn te ist Aaa hy tad jrpl ime tod Set hy wes bet Tr. For eve ern, Hoev,ay hve ced Dn ies fn an 9 reoriteserTus inh st chap Apia ope at econ beer a and ow he isp gen war sept, cess Inge ore the ours m woh pcan orto tm calle, i ending fom te sour oft lot ne onc Sen For ober probl, bowen Appin may uty fe etn ar hick fae, Puy Livy trsnorsny are theo Sc ro at Appi ad ‘SasLnys wet tal) an pens te, Appan wes eof ede alte ‘Retr aria pela ft Regal ed 9 wre + A fp Ty pt ences nen ha bee mars fhe cof cnsing i Hes Poy hi sen may ed ave ceed 0 im ar an hen ing ena ary a at ava han War wat pte episod ft fl yea fhe conf, Son else bacon eth at hwo athe soe amare wing ee pon "tena = Sestecemmenary neat sion Nr let enough da flan ete Book tough i st quite sear why and Be eid as an pen the tory of Macedon Om th oh ba sms bsuposel tht Agen dite he tporancee!liprcu much ees otaywhuo he dea wih he acesioe to power Cast at a eine ‘thes he had ined electing the dat tea sagen thei nary, The ‘idence, bower le, and te elie chrcolgy oh rea wan, ‘Apia’ stra warts sein, "When Appian std fr he lack of ata inh rin his snot a re hat he wate histori. Probably yous ae ai concep adi tetlons of his werk concern hitel wits pric, and pray isigiica, Iba problems Also, isu ot be rts ht yma ee easy 0 osu eter writs rare ofthe ose em AD In sever sees Gita were no eout ave i ther extn hte, Livy ean, ih ‘which Appa could ave comple hr mative ut, ve ht had sce {ivy atl hw oul e check he txt fr tila pe of an sry? We the cones of Livy's Hor said in dealt uly fhe sudo se was seeking? Fee dota wore nt of esi potato hi, Appian pr ‘iy ignored hem on purpose, nt wishing io atin elt ht wel be i roptnae to tee and enery ined. Deseo ath eon sen tut nonetheless be dite tha pian once items, ad pees re ‘st at ene ert modern coli, tay ova Pst a ete “Apianhistriogzphy recwin atest pry on-site” In at flows an ater wil be mde to evan 1. Dai commentary of ‘he bic ol ing wp dat by emphasing, on be oe had lhe ese heared al independently of ter isan wis tl hold tue? alone ster by modiyingo changing such ess tha have toe were in vw fe "ace rear This ilies bth he earch intel t Apa sores end ‘esac no vaso poles conering the istry an acinsogy of pec ine bones sense ofthe word A short sore! ommtary tthe rca {G Marco appeared in 1999 the seis te nd Maran der chen "el, wi a sabi cape than tht f Dab Boca of eine ‘ace the autor could nat deal whl te poblems se by Apps cco, {nd eter onde eau sore porta oer onto on Ie get Although is sone etal skein, commentary my beceniored con ‘east uve of tein pics nine oe Mia “Apis prica was of eel impetance rte histiy of he egos ar to scone Crest at wes Bosna and Herzegvina andes the lt nde ate temia, Seva, Menara, Macedo ad Afni: Teer a pn tn ns elo eatin na ice Carers ands neigh one of te under he admirer tnt ea nde) en in eee rove ean Sp Art al ene a en rien tof Apuns fone ior eng aly sol rics Pei Extoqed oly vic erat Sey Lary ng, heer pcre pe 1515)" RPPIANO ratings sti 4 ‘Boas-aiire Biiscurans eee 1, ound ahem tap roca the en Oe a ee a {Sten et en) Cayo Smythe (ps Si at ay, 8 ar ater ely (et }n ons se Kas Agua Alenmdnon Deere, 983 ‘THE DIMENSIONS OF ILLYRIA (/LLYR. 1) APPIAN'S MEASUREMENTS yes lyrcum) as nd by Apps wat lated above Macedonia ad ‘Thine, nl extended in engl fom te Chanians and Tespotians upto Be Isr equalled tity dys of travel on fe ascoding othe Creek. 6000 studs scoring othe Retan writer, The with was econed by Apion om the Macedonians andthe mountainous Thsians othe Pao. anen Sea td {he fstlls ofthe Alps (Pig 17) eualod ive daysjouryseeordng he ‘res, or 200 sade seceding tothe Roman wry, According to Pegs (G398 and 36124 Pin, 10285). astade mn abo of «Roma ie! ‘These mesures tsar 9 the Roman mes would uy equal S020 [sO mies especie. Ie 1500 m wee reckoned ors Roman mi nile pos sa) th aumbers would amount to 1125 and 225 km respectively Faun ales in lometes may be resting inode fo are en aprons sea othe dsnces peered bythe ausbersgven by Appian. Deco the sl ‘urbe of th tad of Mia size a presi ne ist tape the ligriantitory does aa crrerponda thes flip seated te eth hap, n which Appl deine in tems is nine a the ban fe exons where te Mian estos tx (ablicum prion igre) wu levied Sabo dfn of yas decent sd me ned, cortesponing fo he exe of th province o ise ine anor of he ine his oc Reser {ng Sabo cmprigd moumaious cost regis betwen th se ad Pah ‘00 mn te northn endo tb Adv the tay of Rhona the ds ofthe Aeinei (1.53 C 3: "Anuew @) odd 70 wat MBs ere Seu a ot Pon aidan alisha ie C8 de foe) rel ‘evoa nt Salary na 7 Tren Sven ‘Appia messuement eet he ied se the cen pogephes ha of the shape and canigaraton ofthe repos coreg ie presen) Se {al apd ween Balkis and seueastem Alpine regi. Sata eae he ‘rock at Roman gograncal Knowles ofthe ester Aig sten in shot sary contig ta Herne alte Heroin, wh Besa obras ‘on Feces knowlege, aleny ha soe pee grorophis! inforrnton he Myra lands andthe ators Aditi tn ths, oer, oe Harel 9 "Sex Die apy 1852-9 the ten tg‘rane thie) Fe 7 Tee yarn Ain myles cenepins fhe dst orier nds nthe len ise pet Teeth be saneaphial seo, which wes She mos ar ‘fm set conser to the Roan, ha ben tind by Postion an Sabo ‘thm bwers drew te dite eat he lyin eins Fes eater sures. Bath them wel Pls ether, were fscied by the Raman copes ‘ac ofthe Moiterancans th counts were bse on tech Gree erry Se Roi 15 Sra Drs, 136 Darah emia 938 Teese orhens(ton 1) ‘eaon? Strabo ante enyeopedis Pliny the ler prerered mach precios Information, which io wel ees nthe dat concn he ate Alpae ov and he Buans" Appia aie i shptr or opposed ote neti is chupter 6, reproduced the Ged usge of he torn sian which thou Ing, secs be tndependent of the Renae the Roma ‘best explained ints e amiisraie eration” Byte sec etry AD, ‘he's repos ad ataiped oh spel the sage of evel nd ‘rpisiztioncesponding fo Appia’ lin of isa a ofc Sikhetapter lium foe the Aagestm ap, omevet hd bors salle tte now, ‘THE PROBLEM OF MAPS. ‘While te lg of the sour gen by Appian ie more o ss comet ad comresponds tothe stale ofthe Dalen spay Aan con Initae ch too Short Map ve ot been preserved ie nul exe ‘he Psinget map ic, bowers, prerapoves arin, evn exes Pi ‘rogrptc koosledge aod expec of mapmakng.eahing bck fo Ame ‘manderof iets (exh etary BO) idee, othe intended es ast have bet fii with ops Due tbe probable sasdarzed popes (90-1 i plete ofthe Roman ite reper on fe Petting opts ensitablydsred. The Tale Patngeriano i cd np rm he fut eof AD, bt cosaning data rm he theory BC of ath cea [ADI Tegives us est sone esa woh map maya kd ie 18, Ths dt ofthe Raman rg ofthe Potnger map neti, ba soe fd of is eur BC pays ro Upper Ee wt depon ofa oad aga, sess that och dram my have bees in seo nly the fest ‘entry BC? Maps sna Yala Puig, buluaing ree res nd petaps dr moe corel sal nay tae freaely been conse tent by thse who enoyed tht owe the crs pnw hoe ‘vba, d thei high poston ite admiration fhe Roan tate = fs, or any fer ese, often veld song the rade fhe Reman Ege Ieisuncertain i ny eter po th ze ofthe Petinger mp ha eve sed ‘aceponiny Se mn ei mr ni oonee ren reer Es see cee Se‘eebunseorhima tion 9 1 cout pba ote gayi aap of od map em {Sines oy pe lla Ooh ty el orl tt rope omen cera intense trogen cn dav sal igh wee tot ne Or Sn Bt ‘roar map .e.map oma asa, whieh ny SSRIS an a ly erent {Re doguannate eweernlon dean siemens sng, ong tau betwen Festi bye Peng py li ‘et ys peu ft tsp: In te Png tu ope war ieee a aman ges ar wel ser, {Miran acount ah as of pops nd ‘roves wpe yn (esti ented ona) ene ‘avoir tn td steepest ore oe ies Aci aps soul be explained in term of weonrapbialyconceved space ned with he empiri exeione of th ow wee One ots aps petaps hemos map of Avis oe pthins one tat supersede ony ie bore od fy Appts fr hetero However, the re no mae "Bday, Kr 2, 1-10 S-1 i, nis 20 "i rae 2m Ni Su 81 98 =e Dip, pty ee tr Ai in the modern sense, sae such were sown in stig! isnt Know ex ely what the Reman aps load Lethe quo elope odicuson,Se they ware seth enact br roporanl How col there be expe hat Ine a the fourth cenary AD even the mest xperened fe nd ter fats, sich as Armas Mean come Slmemary goggle Re, Roman maps yin pci bve beh sar tat peeve ihe Tabada Putigerana although oh sata whi era data ae ‘aris som but al ftck ofpreie ongrapial awed repeated {na delrmed vy, Sich may have also beonthe map of Aig who a0 ee od general commanding armies and aves ris at oe pe, wo hve hid shod knowledge othe gograiyofh own e” Alera, Bs mapmayhaebeen composed of pb dle ia ofthe groan Inportan lark, sconpaniy explataterydernion Appian eed ‘copphil ktowledge co seater eps an maps fey reson ‘ere curemly sale constant desertion of lircum,howere 40 pei tat i ayefen be ype that contd nth wih ‘wh this posts enc an atom mt Bera oes fe he arly imped paty eve inte sophie! dm "THE LONGITUDE OF ILLYRIA [As Macedonia and Thrace were nt border repos of lyse, the ater rst have no doubt ben ley dei im i soahentr pt ts met Surprising, bower hat Appian ses the tu counts sana for Bh the oni and lade f Tyre. Macedo tnd nee wee know Se immemarial to th Grou geographers an ira whe Mina re tae fromthe Greck wold, an comqenty es kava otha As pli «ay, howe, was ey femal or omer th Hirt in ‘don was undxbey ie ay pole eaten vo which thee Hira ad bees athe. Ces a poser moved rm oe poner yas oan, bet opel sures usual) rer tone isn kino tat hich th at ‘rpotant at he ime.” Though te growth of ese Kno and i resige nine, oer tesla mayor aon the Dilatan ota along oe “Macedanin ore, wel as thos in iret htsind grace aso ‘me o be known une he nase of, However, the eine rey "es ep 8 "oe, oe Con 205, 208-28 are hs ri 9,7 wri 2orev ear odes aye ly eg neon {Epc Aplin di a ef tae poco hi aye nee ot ‘Stn cn sare, bt cevotny buy nol exp peron of it End ah ‘Sean proce ene nese Spar ppt’ ems "The Gres in vans thre peptone hod Moen ond Yrs) es nt et wees ijt ong iu bt spy ote one cation fe an ‘Setieis ave tht hy weet poops boned te eins above acetonide Thesend porto thsenece wl ern telbgtae tasty Api fr he Channa an Thspodane oh er at One ols tne ths Cann sod Tesptinn who kates te Ep ‘Sol ope ad Cry a he ln he ots of The ther ed Send er atch the gest ee is prt Europe ts Shits Danas in supper cure, ow exply sab by Appa Ue 65 albough he nase che Gee name ght rare ie: Ths sat wom it to deternne ne ror pit be {Suse Append sly nid wh speaking oft nth fear “Yr itie ops ato cpanel he eg com cou uy hn borates! sy try const Ati by ‘Sato ston bat Tht we wel nscsdene wie Gk grep ‘STuultontononteexpetne other Geckos beDastn| {Sinus posing agin that he gh of he ety cul five beens bef Agana pe slant aly acne ou (irand dans adr a tack of be tro fe mek cet thereto, {Bevis tonne fae pos on the ober is woud have Deva, 1 ‘obit te imaginry Cou of se ace balavd have die, foning tithe Ade nina the Hk Sein sty prey ‘Toponpu nee eis Eamets Gr 1S F9 = Se, 759 C3 “ren wot ts Aigo ld). The rns coneion cf tabs est reed i ee about i ean Jmol Argin eesre y Aptlois of Rode Here Sabo Sel sie, eben ht th stead south eo ft ‘Tore Geman mown, utr sar head hy) fe Aa 1 {CaHe: Aezrnre rc) Seb Touma dag woe drag hi a te Ngee) Sai Sat ws = Rants Pao 0 cing 99. 2 Nl our Ret, Ath fu, 1816-7, Sel oN 8,0 op. ‘eDwanncrhinaie.1) ‘STRABO'S DATA CONCERNING THE LENGTH OF THE ILLYRIAN COAST ‘cogripeof Simba te ete othe ae and sli pendent onthe Grek iil nd (er Helens alin, ten on Hess for around 500 BC); on he thr, haven they my nthe ad cote bso he ie {ance betes he sae Ada an he Alpterepons the conic of which dao ye ee complete. Sabor searee forthe futh nd peveh boas of ‘is Geagrap leant als fo the Biery and soapy of lyrcum, reo the one fand Greskgeogripets ad strane sich a Heitaet, Eons ‘Theopampus (he at mo fo the se bal fhe or ectuy BC), a nel steal histrias deeribing the reg of Alnaner ads sucesers ad faker rststons (hil etary HC} and Potybis esos century Be), Ose thera toe wet lower love to Strabo chceagicly such 2 mas Of al Psionias (st eoxury BC) a Artemia of Ege, he vor of ‘ofr quoted Peri alng the Medaerrnean sors (aout 100 BC), hich nde Koran mesic, swell ae commer of Hose” Sone of Sab’ souzces were lo conte by Appian,” aloag st pele © ‘enti thom formas of is dnt. Hover, Sta alo wo ome emery Information The conus af the Alpine people te ibs which do ieee ‘raph owe, beans 16 DC Sle Nera an rsa ine tet Detar he eneship of iris and Dra ie lowed the Congest ‘eum ty Ties nthe years 12-9 BC and AD 6-9 (he supreson oe Paanniat Dalian bet) = ‘Sabo further mentioned hat Thsoponpusetintd teenth f Iya fom he netomost Adit be si sig by bata iy a eng (on fot (FG IS F129 ~ Sabo, 759°C 1: ets 36s neve 2 nn ots tv Es 8B vi pg wig dasa eer ‘hava pa nt: Sep ray Wine a ues tw ene ‘ned ht ay sail averaged abut 36 Roman mee” This crepe ict tothe numberof ds even by Apia: be cea tase a eblnd GreckseogphialEnovedge. The ene Adri oat with oma ns (Tiny mentioned oe be susan of them, Nh 3iSt 12 Mil ow mile om. lia inralsfeqeniar) had ay wel preted hb. Mise aldo "seoghiz tha ah of Thecpomps mambo rer ths lengtfthe eas”| Stabo¥ a measiremen ose ae repr sepry die pcs ofthe Adit cos, ort nrc tothe sett flows began stich he garded spt the vin ital As we he sale ce 2 le. Sato, ea Lar, San ‘Sethe aay apn tppantet St omer toch a ast Norn ie, a so Bt Nes 9 465sri ly the Lari rth fest pepe nha he iano and are Tecate nest al and th Car he aes my time exon th fot of als fro rion tw of Pale" (783 C 31 "Egan 37 ge ding Tors das mr np Deen mae a Faigle hie wg Tid, ener Pio, mines ees a yer dene He steno undetanSble ters of geez Sic ‘eesguncaly belive ht te caren Ate cos as ijn whe te ester ‘sian he diving poe ews he ve Bag Agu. pes of ini {ta however Hiern Ie Belge aly * The entire His tral mes tes IMO oad iO i wy rn maging wn roan, ere), tent cme apd ite wearing HID sades (134 C 3: Big 9 Zoro 3 Tama magica zn eran.) The ravigsonl ot aang he Librian Sat hc follows at of he apd is lenger ad ats 150 sades (184 C Bs: Mens 4 vi Taran Aug nogSeaes tv aint esi rang (rani) he dance othe cod ofthe Libri ital he Crtunan Nis say oe tan 200 snes (259 ¢ 317 Seb nd nae ‘Need ini Keane pen iy) Stabs resents ine ‘hatin certain paride Noro Re (the Nee) a epee Hoe eo Lirn and he Irian (Por. Mel, 27 Fg 9). Stabs en tina oan itor, wich eas abo kno Py (340) eo he Inds hot Sabo, ous he a cnsed camper sures, rade we sf serphien tay dios of ss, wich reseed at asec Soest be had od oh adn eer aragen ine i cate [fstrseeath ake Pvp of Arkon of Epos, bad ienpsed > Stent he seo eeuy NC, oe pragy Sab combined sal ep ‘ons fot” Asta nthe ean et of is per five book desing the ester Ait cons eon ede mention Hecaacas, Psion {20 Theor ough ahs tin th pods were logs sete lng te cons is at nth pian ital et th pola anion whic a exe some De ‘Sing the course othe thd seni BC, when ke powerful apd ended tir iafence verse of ect! iba and temporal bel way vee arthor patof h ibrsan conan the Kearse B98 Se a8 the {eis (not probe pouty Benen sth of Laps [rev south tf Sn. in aod Iitoace has been cheaply conte she "ond pon of Turse (Rit) aided othe ena he id bi ing the soon emir BC," ad indo alaag te wool irl om Ripka to Teblanac ceva ns fom the pei fhe Ton Age ould be interpreted in ln ocr 206296 Gate, Paty 187-988 "a are, 208 Ean Se io ee ‘ermsof Sabo and Pin’ data However, th lpes lot he Luria ira ‘wards th end ofthe secon cet o ding the ra cetry BC hen Ronn ‘campaigns ast fem damaged ht power ome.” a prose, 20, 2 Can a 16 1 se so Kel, Gri 198 2-38, wo ie! "eee Zn antl ie sension(COMPARISON WITH PLINY'S DATA, “The distaste, spl moze 500d, which comesponds| ay enough to Appin’ nomber 9 600 sade acerding OO, sealed {he Roman meassrent fe loth af yim. As Sabo, too reckoned 8 ‘oder os Roman mihi S800 slades would equal 725 Roman ies. ers ‘however, tat Appa oa ues th were ert he Aagatan Pia Thi ca bested othe bss of th front mamr tiny, who eed Agta forthe enuresis Ut secoaing 1 ABIP= J aurey ofthe gn the seo lyrcu whee the gest 325m ‘lithe lone fom he ver Asie pesca Ra) othe ve ri {he presence Dregs 50. and furtefo he Det othe eo ory of Acracerantin 17S mp. (3.80: Irland, qu mana ext COCLAY poli, logit amin dso a funen Dina BAX: 2 Dro ‘adpromuntrtn foroerounon CLXXY Apia pdt -) Thenues Ben ‘by Appa. allegely rgnating fom Reman nd surveying are ie om Ari ta, 750 Roman rs x opposed 705 fr the logit and 150 Reman mies a oppo 25 fr he nd. Conerte ino, Appian ter are 125 forthe eat a 225 kn fr th id, whereas Agrippa Tek and 875k expecta, The ference nmearzement ca nl be ‘xin ye et tat Appin aro Roman oar ler han Agia, r= ‘grape ho in is tr made veo ate, urbane based Yon Casas. ‘hie hve so een Sabo: he corarpy bo bad se hs at been en ad wih corny ut at ofa Css sone ofthe pase saggerions” ‘Sidhe be sapped hat Appian wed data esonromeYcent rey ‘Shred oun lev: homever, this hess wold corde a engl Sul gue forks with "When comparing Api’ data wth txt Pin, J Dabs, hweve, ae _aserosmisake se he el icone ona cagonus reading of Pliny logit afer Dnt DCC stad of DUK) On the bao his Freres ner, heeled Agri’ gst of lyrcim Rave bsen 1 km which woud guano sera snd uncounted rom the gone ‘alta length af trian cart. Te arabe sven by Aarippa ter be length of yicum,howeve, acl cases less Uacepay i compare oe ‘ats on Gros peogrphi oles of he cou and expend i 2 thie da journey on fot gus 100 en, Han aeege of 3 km po ‘eked vee 120, 40 av are ekoned pr ny. Grek da, we are {On ing rina esse Cod, Gea, 193, 196 Ma, Ping, 19H 2S a ema ueresn eee eee oe ‘TreDueo or andl) itis Sedo aigatonal experens lo comer quite wel themes stone menue slog const oud fom Riek fo Ve, Whe 1058 'M, Koa, who ans al the asistegeogriies from Greek end oman autor cbacering ke carter Adi eae bo comet po Ap pia’ inrodotory seers saat” Ie snes th the metres {ven by Appian Ramus were actully en fn Grek wie posta Folin as is sure. ju dats ad Ben press y Stab wh ough sees with im on te pois, agrees wi zon he ngs he Hye lan ital 243 C105 wind 8 ve Kipalan is Dugas agains oreo ‘evan Ean mre)" Acoding 0 Poybiythe egth oS ‘relyrinn coast eleoe rome Cesta Ms, galled 150 states Kis, weve reckon ths lth ofthe Miya eos! by adding wp the mle nen Oy lin fo he Craunan Mis to Agua (3127125 150), bo ts shine by Re and waster by im no eae 634, hough th ‘se mensrement ofthe yen css ix Anan ier shoul be techone not ftom Aguile, wach was th waiona! dive betwee theese ni west Acai cust rm the rv Ars (een day Rak) ice thr et mad "be borer betes he Teh Asp gion de povine of Data App ‘shld omens have aed Hirn fo Roman lyre, prey bce ‘sa, at scm ad nver ce pt ofthe Rowan prove oy icum® Tas ‘he Roman measirements fhe llyran ca ooo olny woul ave ocr is 50 es (= 4250stade) om the rer Ars Dinas Bron, preset ay rin/Drim; la 175 aes IMO stadt to the Cerin Ms 0h SISO) whi equa S80 sade ‘THELATITUDE OF ILLYRIA “The wi of 200 sas, gen by Appian a Rou ssn eM. Kouli to sees Get etimaios P's wh f Reman yc (i) gon 8 5325 mils (2600 sad). The dsrpaeybetncen Apis aie cu, ‘nami by Min ad Appin do ny pens be expe ne owing a erin eta theft a Appia’ ora oust mane bch re Ae "Kai Cen 190 2182 - Ke owas ton Sab, chk othe pol with be wee ‘simian tra tuned sem she sel ese Sees pc Jif npn ae Seen Pa mg en ae CN or 350,286stan and mart oie he ef ia a tad Bee ome inthe ose inseond an et contres BC. Appian ld ave ve costed Sores Wich ‘ep he iv fh Roun petra lan Was, re robb, ‘Bese of ori province lyieu a an independem ovis tha pe ‘hy a bean etal etre Osim ant eran oa ety Ss “nd oot eon aner Cac), wih mst have compre ony a aro eh of Idina ofthe are pone Dm pan mn ave ed Roan sous dln thin cone wl changed te Haran mss sts oe iesaioairetes Go einvoduirychagaron Appin’ Mand wet. ee ‘used Gok sources wanting Roma dt, hic udesanabiy we aces ined Raman miss, G:Dobesch gested how vai argent, sme kind ‘fo sso saney as sures ex App’ rt heer” The evidence, aR, Ist and tial pie eens Apts Tis ponte to Know which oes ito te ttre were sateued bythe ‘reis, ai whic y the Romans. Te vate betwee he longo and tide {6160 aaa) a Grek sauces, and 1 (000 staan 1200 sade) inthe ora aden bh oo sor 1200 sade equal 222 km, According Apa he with of th county que he dance fom the Macedonian nd ‘anions Traian the Panes, he loin Sen sd thls of he Alp. ‘hare seogrpcal nots ae sly not compatible, o aller how we ep ‘ours am. Apia’ ton of the Als as 2 got fo he wid a he unr wold een sugges to mixed up witha eat. Tus we may 2 Seat ested he toe a diferent pos, Deas we mst ami at ‘isootposle o darn be rsd of Micum by wg the Alps, ete Dinan rain, as an opposing post othe Macadoiane Noatelest we ma emote ge an enim y tat wing the dat hat we an ‘The Paces who are mented by Apia 8 point of efienc to deteine the beath fea ere proba sne iis kaon that Grek wees usd theme Pacncr sth the Promina fre Pace, the northern ihe ears Macesnisoa Elser inte vice, Appian wed the name ses Sethe Paonia, asp in ater nwt be sre an explanation He laa hat the Paces se a peat pope slog the Das, eending Hos he lipo othe Dananians. He futher expsined tat “the Greeks cal thom Pac oe he RamansPomonton and hy Pu hem 8 Uhave moved prvonsy, ‘amon ans: hs seems proper hat shod aso spe fhe m= Sy of rian ht. Th fame comes ram a ary asthe Macedonian pri Se Co 208, 28-26 ‘bes Nokon oe Fd agi ie 3c a Sto cect ‘rom hin ho erly ie Philo Alene wr one fe ioe Parton aghast a aah Stavros see ie amin eine Pee oe ‘uly amie men i re poopie i wt ae it ee eosin prt assur rans ene ee ‘scl tte ton se Wott hipaa ete ov soy Appan nsf haps A eee ce ‘by tg the iy Pane an re oe Pon eal Benoa trans post ats orn te egos a ci ot be won es pp cro he Mascon at Te Ths Parner wi eer co ae bese Lae Pace nthe ghettos Unb “he Paces apn Chel ae Ps ng he sept As val opel sl ces ve, yg ean oe CR Peete Peni Ti occa ae hc se ag thle cue the As ier erga aes ‘ie 28 Ts 299); ey et sat te nasoas es posed nil soce oon os mam some ~ the tll 0 Unitary i xiea ot oh scm pr ofthe vice, Apin des Inferno om Abgosu" Commentari THE MYTHOLOGICAL ORIGIN OF THE ILLYRIAN PEOPLES (ILLYR. 2) ‘THE IMPORTANCE OF MYTHOLOGY {N GREEK AND ROMAN HISTORIOGRAPHY. Aer having define teentet ft repan and given its dimensions, Aan eg he second char ty loucing what ie Gc called ane ery. enohaa, to mye os ofthe cou, ee ks weg ft Selon tothe distant post but digested fom genet to so rai Headed hatte wuld have le hit tape to the wo reared te ‘yh pei of hry, and in tht way diane bal fom mthograges ‘nd ‘stquarias By essing mythic ancewors a tons cae tC, "at with he Grek won adie atanpt a Helenzton was ae: he tion wee thus ected wii te al-rbacing mr a he Cre psa heroes The Adie became Grek te Grek inagined asa bey clng Ake Yes or Nias adh rosgh th yt with hem o ae te ‘inal fli, Te Eoeas ead vac plc et nig ots ih te egendary retry of Oly seus athe gen related Ante ity hive bee ious bythe Pocacans td tan vet Ales wee ‘Tran orign of te Veet were ot unk ny seh comy Be Sater tend of he Phuc and’ eral sane, whee Odes sted er is shipwreck, was usualy seed with Corsyn Home, se Corey ‘sto near Osea mane ica. lenon Coys ef Ke ‘sms oe legendary put noch mow “pla aly ante Lotion ‘ral soup in Mya sed Syl 23) Mor porta — beaut eal archuolgiclly aed ~ ry bave been Domes. documented Inthe Ada ey the seventh ema BC: fs _meniond by Minmermss Schl. = Lycopho e610), He mes any at Scehtel with mri utes ad islands pep vith tet ae a de He may have been «hero of notvestar Awa reo, snc he wa oF Actin gn. His vous ascot andthe ses fis cute wide ch my te nd ire skinned ud wont equi dif ton, However thes it eves fr ny hypati sch his apposed close Nan, pane 200 ne pm, Hele a 20,2 a Be Cr, 20,2086sociation o Pinyin Io Space Tatra he sa scat with ung iy ay, we nay perope aet he Ronan clonzaton othe Ine than ety thd enue BC" Asa means of propoganda Diode ay he been ted by DinnyieIwho was teres in domain the Aka ‘Ancor to, boon odode ea athe net in he Are eid. ‘AEen ha btome ten routed te Aaa, ss understandable ata {Re cour af ave ty bese accepted a ast to sane degre ty he ndigeons Plato an mere aosfomed in accndane wih sistent "Feel f Died wae particlty tmporat lng btn Ain coms, and uti so within Hs oxdermt soe at Lacs Tai (Ply. Sabo, Sa 24) though hho was cele othe western Ada const ‘Ams he Vents meee gp Tima hse wa so worbippe he ful of Dien seit th te Arg Hera and Aclan Artes, mast fh tegadwihe mgenows tes trnstormel by he cabled errs Ghoea dea, fs bain eit mtve Argos boeuse te ings of is Aris Diomades coe to Dass, the King the Danie Apulia where be sn ‘iver en Stabe, 39 © 248-286 Vig, don 1146-247, Accor Se fe legendary ori, i aida ve ded on he alas mae ale bi, ‘Sfsc mening comacs wold hve been fred isto bras! The Diomedean ‘hose ofcr meatined none Irae en by Stobo 2820 134,639) (Cinema ve batt eseny nested ith ae Tre lands, oe wes Seti cep o Gargano Tn he 98, bower to santa of Diomsdes wee ‘Sarverahy Cronbach, one Vela alagrzs (egos in Haan? {heer ts cape of Rt ta Pa Phan), signa cle Prom ‘Whe Diomods in sq at fe Hye peninela south of Shenk (Fg 2) ‘aup ola and Mala Plo shoud primarily be Kets with te Dome des a 22 to wh Temi ands ay alo have be we" ‘Tae antares of Dames wee importation tei dango Journey twas the nove Adie (Fig 23). Sgnifeamy, he Hero ws ao ‘oraipodin Coney thet Grek colo at haan pet on he ety yeas wor So Tegend ele to the Aditi te ter vrats ofthe eur journey of the Arg fth vine ssh, a of Paco, he unurie 1 Brace Rosales alps, 200, SM Braces, Grek, 288, 152 {SES as eon ny wen ie eC ium 195) ‘ine Cte, ome 8 ink bom Cpe ec, 20% iy Eons, 200 Ki, Promanen iol ree sad 2008 "na ges, senate Sin Gis The it sy io aay Lao Sament {eon etry AD wo oestrone oes od ‘Sey na lean et a tee nay an was bw aye Po ne ee aap that el i to re yt nei vy Tis thy wt rast Pn nd mata ese Hey: hoes omen th Esa hu sites ace fnhkng no ms ea neon) Sb abun be Vt wee st varies op Deu Thy china ha ey on Sl nd whee ee aie vrs wet ed i ‘ofa white horse (6.3.9 284). : alae ‘Whe Ramee he Gran othe al ck ne rk yt ca) tba gre eer mony densa wn he weno tiie ne or Gc unwed pepe ena a “steatosis sanevey ~ was inert no ony by nt potas econo neces but boty having ben mie or es distant descent of the sane ods nd oes, ‘Na oly Grece bu ab th Roman sla canbe well rv presley sang they hiserins and weer of he dans, spesatcpt,olcy ones and iterovea with Riser a they ba sinys own re ce Te leprraper (aly wre of his} and Heaters oad, ea der wih the i various wean ans,” Maly hey aed the ocala te ucla nd areola reps, prt to jay eee pln a ts ad frig oly. Crees ha Bore rely a province whine Reman Empire ficial led Achaea, while Grek or andere gned mastery oer the oe cata spe unig it ety oi dso ars te Meise old, Gres myhoogyfuneoed ses call menory forthe pepo he tpi ms indispensable a Lao the mythos! pt nytiog actualy peered an ingot part of Gc Remon eat. specultonsbow dere gnelogies fund sre fv sg mie cay ‘nd thr ation, ander eer a y aking flea gue ods {anand feign nations th later cee ls dst an ks iran Marcellin out cory AD instr hat Hinges ad solace sues te soiled “Orgn of people (Orgies genom fom many rerio we 15 “The ancien rte wh mer ot certain wha mas th ele og 9 Gat nt cmp co oft ar Hon ree in Sok the lag frrion data (1592 Ambiente sper eine prin Galan sitet Graces eng, hace. gu ds gor, ele ex mips tris) Tirgens ray hve aes the das rom Prien" ny case Seo hypoth suppor: that Appi inked ud Tanageat fH nce caper, be crestor tang Pompeu Tope” Apa’ description af te mh] epnynses anes of seme of the mai opis flea, all a is eft toes shal erecty es, Seog within sch comext. A parla oun sry eal ced ftom Appians ove werk, whch was ued a the lnraton os try tthe Pune Was (Liye LD wih be darted ow he give Fics Done ‘yr under hic ghee Di oan the sal of Cartaze, By, iin se ile. Did ed wih some of er compat seo yay of Pypmion ad‘een Oe a ems 2 vv in Afi a the ple where Cartage er stood. Afr the nisms ‘eae ot the st thre te Poems sed for as eh nd as abo hide would ensmpase: Tae Afsns pursed by ter eqs, aged, but S000 Feud wen te newcoers ca bie od and ound nos ery tn ip fe enced much bigger place ban expected When inodkeing his book et ie arse Was, Ape Dsus his parative by mesoning the Thracians unde hss and refering to Homers poems: "The Greets suppose at the Tracton ‘nko morhed to the Ton War sh Rhema he washed by Diomede ome igi as dsr he pour of Home = ld the ot of he Black Se. as the fondo ship they emai there" (L1 Si geoaogi 8 1 Dias Pina oat could be found in tbe wks of many er historians, fem Herso- {a Seythn aclaologie (23-15) 1 Seabos Armaan (L142 © 530), and acts’ Geman gesapes Germania 22) i which a divine unex and his hee Sxs ison typical mest. APPIAN'S GENEALOGY “Te yin geeslogle rtete by Apian nls wee sal ya pgs bt there 90m, and Goud Be empath nese otc, sce afer hee metoned dghar of Ilys, Des, be adc Ds ‘hor ere ers a el (Fig 20)" Nebel the beng of ome te ah ett pop s surpisig, sane tem te two peoples metianed in he very ‘ow chp the Libra ab tbe Ait oe, a5 some are Ted of who Sete ‘germs = p26 Metres. 7 et he 3 3 ae pas * Da Se, So Mahe Sr, 6,1 Preniomteac Or in 2 oo meno ei ese ei he Dana he ata Ie Pap nt) Da opt oes ‘stm clay vera Said et ‘Toa ew wens ae a ‘eg wat ened eat nese ee ‘ite ecarmonpennn pnts es icons neat ero ca any sea an ‘En wt nee new om pone ome ea ‘trey etn tage cos ‘yore cage pt ys ee Pp 35 appetite say Sgt Herc 197181 “Dab Se i i "Kal Ect 1977 yam, 85, Sel oC, 93vey ans radio and wee tt party ot invent rece orci i ty iter ma: “One eer hand, acura he Scot, were obviously aed ata lar dt nd coseguecly Delonge oe hed gneraion, Scots Being the son of Pannanus acon ie Panna ba racy been snow othe (Greeks nd Romane ef the second entry BC) who in ist was the so of “Sunn, The Arata babe enti of liam and wee nsec Tew tnown tothe Grek ad Rone tan the popes seed ere ho ont hd ny ce ft contact wil Ges civ at tr dat. The AMP ® ‘teres power union af ars people ad we, and fom the geographic Std thy past cans, ak bethoen he cons peoples nd thn ving inthe terior ead the ors Bot be Pannen he Sfoctmeehnwaly onder scully orn, sgh sted ne Fenn wes ner ka er thee lc, har oe oo ures ‘Bn Api source kcloed then in the listan genes. The omer wee De torte pigitous ae Tlyian popes, tbe ter ware Cats (tao, 722 C 0% £3€ 3H), et thy nd cera termed o some ett wih he t= ‘eons population, eth yan aed Tran (eg. 732 © 296; bea, ‘oto my 2 aroha shai gram. The peoples inbabisne te prvines (fMowtn sch he Dent, Mes sd Tia, eal not" a ho ‘Seem fh ward thous popes andres who nated he seu and ‘ntl earn Ada coast sa nerior Had Appian Iso he peop een empleo be serestig tate oul why some popes were Ie ut wi cet a een the rl of precedence flo Ls them ee thee pean entire repo excaded, sacha the wes "Tia! peels, theLibur and te Delmas whose etiely isn Some it Tacoma it the at eno! esta tal in thes rms. ‘Appt yas gnclogy hs alo Ben cused by F.Ppazal inher ex elem mnogo aot he Sota alan res She gave eet wo Apps ‘estandtereted tn te ofthe diane af descent. Ascordng 0 he the ct ‘tatthe Tale Scorn an he Panis re ste asthe eon ond i eer ofthe descend’ flys, would prove tht ese peoples wee at ‘xu yan th prope eso the word She ao ober ha al ie “vealed nue lan peoples were sad n he rt pene wll ss two pou fom the ror the Aura and the Dara I surpsing ‘nt enson among the ira popes ofthe Mae he xg et, neve, ‘he ame of tr epee ancestor has ben ef uy), who were a Traian ‘one ao no est the Pac, who were Tessa pops ling en be ‘order beowcen Macodona and Tiss. Papazogl supposed ta ancien wes tty have Keown thr mignon a of ome radio tha ase ian saa Tb, 115,212.16 348 Teese Or ns as 2) cx then. Howe et 2 tevin tt oul epee hi poston oul eno et il th cs mise e e ‘nos, ving ered na clear ema eRe {theme oa ran re roa eed athe cna af ae ‘cept may pats be esta he shee Fate ip nivel yt) Pr onthe ay pry a be Chagas oy shad inf tind a Baetn oper Aes vay anne dso ad wae fiona ne pis om Boars (grt dy Bin)" of Bato hy see Teas {eared tin Gorgon sae mn arehe ate ea tran fm te Chronic of Chats cond eet ADT, fase Hee lopeos His of ais (won cnry Ab) an Brora eee, Es Gurr Nie Sy get ol Oabang rahe “ewig. As can be en any Seal coteng br in noes tna aies atobvny eDcn a h es oe od ya fo as Trpsog no dew stenton oe ht impertnt wer le peo az mising um Appar i ach ote Arde tare Dae te Delma ad fer Since Asn mesma ie Ele he ase ‘tenho sng non ey mch eee, pee se ai eosin rec te orl saan thd ese eo a ‘can She sina se Depts yrs coms ok sou agin vik Tina an atime see nosh Tingets wo wes ao und Pompe Tope een iptaa ney ie any cue te myogenic fA ca old ‘vc ben wea tine whe ip vee swr mayo beh ‘ott Gees nt Nacdenin Te et at eee es a he 28 one my abe rey ure ec rales Caty seen whch dng bane See pp tl he Tn oh ‘str ce Ht br nl paces yan ite ee ‘ction More he asco had ee bbe ee em ey ihc te Capen en pt fay tas st ping ey anyon en oe "ary. On the ate ode Soatn on he alc ee aoa nl nthe ey wen Mec Beane» pa a iu le ‘eoeaplic ornate oe ra 3, Dh, ri a 175, eumel S > SSS Ron Cra Sh 2“THE DIFFERENT ORIGINS OF ILLYRIUS pian aed an interesting observation, sly ta ot of seve versions town atthe origins th eles of iia be cose the oe which iss ‘ce dicted tend to in othe mont alfactary One niche mist vent buy haoum and which ave direst ances oy, ws the legend of how Cams and Harmonia the myc ues of Thebes, eae I Sian unde Kingdom there. This was an legend alendy meatnod by Earp (Bocchoe, 139-139 152-136), btw ean much ld Is ree thwnbout niyo mein of can Be ead Pasud-Seymnss (S75) in Seo (7H © 26) in Pin (253), and sever miner t= ‘hora wll a inthe yon writer" The et preserved desorption shat of Peapod (31S ho ft aurezed the viisioes of Cade {nd Harmon in Gress, anda fee of he say ely esre thi aca {meng the Fnchel Theol pele fem nthe te guint the aking Tigra he Et ith Cada hie were crow and abso (Ce lap ald over the yin, “The bith ofr so lyri further meson; be gave bis ame be sre region. soins version described in Seal Varcna (overs 120 of ‘iis dene pt Lin), be ha ban ought up y neon who wae ‘hm ara nd mad him srong oh cols the eigen Camas the son of Anon accompanied Bt wife Harmonia eft Thebes, and ‘arin spss fr pase trngh the ferry of Macedonia, he ef yong ‘om Bre hin y larmoni bythe Hsin Rise serpent ined aon as fon an wnt he id gros rad him tere of body adie hm ‘th the power tse the ene our. Irmaed hin Hy af si (Casas gers fla, rele Tek, come Bormonla coming forts ‘tuts jes Maceo ergs parvum fia, eta ic ‘iam ah Harmonia ita act dere Hhn eens spss Weil “dye od he ene aes, amples corpors oii ius, gs rr regina it ub Hine x vocab ura damit) Cae an armen wo, ssrdng othe een wre sured no serpent a Ihe ead often, were wesipped ngs sate Tin Pi. 26-27). ‘erection by Pod Syn tthe sntury wo cate omer ong, the upper cous othe ser Aran (Pres 28), whic peobobly no cet ‘ver ut he Dron tle mo, to, were epee (Athen, Dei 8p {2b Fri 8 F #9; Dong: Peg, 387 97 0d C Ml, CGM? 12). ‘They ner the mia neers of the pa eben dypasty (Stab) 778 © 326) Original, tower me tave secyis ws thes of Cad ra aR, Cama; Ka, Ecler. 97 ria 1985, Yam Tes Eb a sc bat ars ‘eMac Oar ham 2) armenia, bt tis eg had ben aes of the scones Bost Greeks withthe peoples nr ef Macedonia and slang he oun Ait cass. ohre ele he aval ee Il (groped te Enh! tm Bn eae the set poverl popes Its imps to uncut he hate coco ook Jegendst can merely sued at ems tne inte nat pa Bore ie ‘pcan fay relic hse! sees sr ind ofertas utwse oe Bocoian pte and lia bes may hve exten Sean of gos fe bee ancy a rc moe ar ota ‘mus, las (dug igs mietr mat Tra, dade Kido ‘uty thieference may polo he pea when he lan of ie Moreen prt, Trains and yeas sil sane rete on he rec vats cad ‘toga relias wee ale. The te ny evap rl thay pond hint when lyn Kings ooiaed moc of eter se sl pe Wb iin nds 3 ee, py Lerma adel Po nea ce a A edt sry Be oar ees pan Xin eal hei gon ate esa ones coe ‘Sift ooo he cy ie ion pi sa temo ery hc ans aes a Stings Athenee compere be et ‘Sy tretoeoe gen lon’ as kegs ae patina nua tn Eh wt ng i Tn nr es ea ae Sed bg a eh he cea ‘ove sy omg vn ah a ‘Reh Rago 8 pry 19-8 fap rin np bo tg ga te, Cate ie aaPdr, ok oe th eign Thebes) Ps. 95.3 Ki i Weg tal Voor scons Wrahis prerpers Hinge | Hg pees tvs ck Dn. 29393-4)theaceiofpowcr bad ein ited "Change paca circumstances, particulary afr the conguess of several Bal ons by the Moedoln sat emded fen sy ne more brocade sce tine ingested {toler oe ties srs of ype Gate was reed * oe we yin, Waa deeds wee pian, tht tine hese ready {elo acy rope siren tht he ry Pye Cae ‘snot sad at allt Rosch’ Lexikon; under iyi’ tis briefly ectioned that te ws the on of Cts and Horna who fad Hon br ht er hey tad moe fom Tiber ys, where heya ode ing, Hewes be frst ofthe gram tings aml gave sate he sun "HIB ORIGIN OF THE LOVE STORY OF POLYPHEMUS AND GALATEA The love sor betmeen Polyps an the buat yg Galas, ich a lop tok pace Si, beng xo Sracse sintering tnt er "saline Pepe, Aly,Paoe, 19, esodcavans ibe Clos wa si 0 be ase in th eon of ME xia Ssely= The vestry was most potty Sian mthlogeal Rk leh ‘inode woth Ged erature bythe Gree drama: pot te ty faut satu BC, Phloem of Cyt, wo ivi by Ds pene ime nSyacise, was iereeed inh unis of Syria ea wih he tran. Shorty Sefre 36, he wat is his nek Chlopa ohich be pre Dios by equi hin with Polyemas,morever, he mate ionais wa alge ald Caste Plyphemur was open ass sentg ‘eae agen ad mas lover nd pol tha ily even bes uloneus be wisn loge reparded sav hewn depicted Hor Dy ys had eset conde en withthe Cok, who had ber cmt 2 ‘dcendants of Polhemus "Despite epic conotn, he soy eed ea popula and was aoe expo wate date, ely By Cains, chus (Athen, Deion. 72018, Bon pial dc Des 23, and paaaty the Sra bess pt Toso (kis in his vrane ‘tina he best known. However, tm ler ow od ase caplet ot the sory or gencalgial puro, bray have bee lanes ee a ‘nother with yrs colonization. Syracaman excin inthe ie criay ‘adapt inpacton the regions lng the caster Ac ont a oss tant bot for Syracuse and fore stirs Dalton Hse Sine irepresetd though the sew fied Grek ona nailed Gree ites in these repens ad demand » new orang leone ins andthe coast opps them. wi dnt loser peu Dor si cla endewouted. at the ine a i Adil epson Pi, ‘is alan with he Celis erty had eed the En 88 Be !nepte bth th yas ofthe eaters Aditi ons end he alain haly oan Nesp of ntuene lst. 20-86 BC) was Dionysia, commander, ad Horan, ‘who had Been xed some tie ate SK and we ey fecal om he bo !ment afr th death of Dionysos te Er; bef the ms charge by the ‘aot wiht ogaionin of saci aing the Aico, Thee ply 3, sgnifeaty tepid ater is xd was fem lywio wae ‘cael fom exile fe ls ions’ dat» Passa the aor ie lst eats History of Sey (Sv) in wo pats, ich wan, doting 10 the cnt of reserved fapmest and june of ar hur, woe porta work iui ofthe se of They ad covering he noe ™ Sit re Dan, 99 (Sra gr, 2D weet Ac, Pema, 8,cacy myalgia put the ale of Dionysus the Younger (2 BC). Piss ‘wa ne been oe ofthe sin sures of Tate a rogh i nes, {ndonly paral, odor Sly, The moog ory concer is ‘Sbeing ine son of Polypactusand Gite, whi preserved ia Appin ay ‘ita dete fw Pils Horr Roweve st be te thas my (Sl pees, ee fs nec peeved Appian, could pot iia ‘ht nat ve ea mi in acotcace with boner knowledge “houlyicum sine cine ch big tnt era tie of Shacusn colonization, roughly corresponding Ilsum a dese by Soa hss" (Mhers comer ll of incu, which etre betwen La, te ‘Novica Eng, Thrace and Motsdona at well at beveon the Danae and the ans (Ft 6 rico, quod iter Nam regmangue Nora ef ‘noon et Maced into Donato Plamen e Sum mari Woda! ‘te, pera), ete time of Pits, yi comprise the ese Ait ‘es eemen the iba and Hoc iciing the hinterland ss Socumened ty DaeuoSoya, (22H), wil he orginal coe of ter breland roby ‘cn fo th ent ofthe Encl ae fr athe Chaos Pallas was cert ‘heinin tat of the Aditi pli of Dir, which may otha ay ‘een partly get i view of Dumps’ varius polite aspiration, pa ‘Sealy vss Spr and Aton nay cae as mptant Be Syacie ‘Sith sai of Hydrant Gnd. Otnt) este safe navigai o Fp Se Gree: in alice wah de yeas, Dini reste his aly Alt, the ‘hie ing af the Motu toe tron of Epo The yen ated the Mo ies and devas ther ric ut te Spans set hl them and rove the Rian vere is sgieaet hat daring bso Piists wen“ tbe dts no Nga Pht Doe 1.8} 1 Epes (Pit, Dee or], and undated Aces inthe epan of M Son he contacts of amie 1 ith bot he Cas hi veces) a iyi eal ve take pace more nesively in parla reer 8th fre: ened th arcs, ad 83, Before he urea ‘Dhaene wr pst the Nair andl Carthage” For ts ese ‘he ined o seep the ypsbess of. Vat, who contrary waht Stole ced he colonization ot Laas by Syrcun oan eto period ae Ahi 4021 BC” Acs o Dios the Syacaan colony in Liss id ‘een funded at mun ears hore the Pras sone a olny Pha Po whic yd in 285 elaboration ith Dis the Ede (534). uu was ior bth fr economic remem, ice the island of ths tm tsi nea stg, partly ts of Uyian pray, Pas Ita sated nor ofFpdamus and Apollo and cul coal nviaioe tong he sonst el aking iter sere The atmo dobe waned ecu "Sa, De Do 19 Site, 2. Sa Scalp {ned mo det ere the wl ate ended og ae hdl tns iney San ceca Ses Lita Lea sont cased in Guat ose ee {oe ncaa mame dion, bet in il ef Der ioc souldot te ettd inte ce pang rede ine nk ‘endl some yea oie Po ad a ur are ee sein i vs to Dewy pas oo oh ee pepo Te Sn he Rua of ich reeds Dialer ee e Saeed by Dlr the rato Sey (Schol. Lycaphy. 631: e oma Mean 3 Mag and bo Pig 4 41D) Nistor ders which sud prs be explned ithe mate wes ee ee th aol Aton (Sa, S42 ef Pay Nh tl poy fr athe ete hove a Atom te Scie hse Donan hs he stent cant be eed 9 cloy of Digi ‘aly 3 of Pp cs pets and alates ha beam mention a Ti ‘be mt ig ere n Emam mom te Tahoe in on of ali, whee ks writen thal scadng to Tinsons ten e, amed afer Gates. he son of Cop and Gar” (PG L200 Pov Thi cuted by Diadora sas en isin a wo ir eet hn ‘Mt ec emer Sa oe in Rn i 8 ti ta enue a essce Oger ne hme un) ~~ ~=~_=—Sred 55 Donde Th th 1 il ne oad sche tac tek ti a a rn a myer ct tl hee a ee tS Se i = ie ht ee cen er REE I Gone yen re th aw ie Tals einen et ham ep geo a rr feat ge ical el esta fie eo ISTE ues eran li as mi mi sere in Seve Pty ered ere ae “THE HERO 1ONTUS, sect caaeeipent ence sacar Sirs nsctieatentoeseartantcs sonementetlseatgettocat wie Dyenciu (10) Refing to Dyrachum, Appian apes «tai Cos nia, he ction tore. am Fae 96 I bes nar xn ta Pope se mo eee ew rae ee "eh Pe Ba Ge 94, 8 Qed exhib Nats Ca ‘Tact som the origin ofthe tw, Acoring 0 his acount, Dyno and piers boul ot be repel tiene. The infgeousbrtrna Lng Ea, mst a tw ne the se aig i afer himself Dyce ane hie Guat and of Poscidn, bia hao fe ca wich hese Done sti. After be had ben attacked by bow thre conta ae hires, o whom ie promised art of histo. Se Heals he nae chino thin thinkin’ ofyrtachun earths se re thoi ky Althout hy scknowledgeé Dyce as hey nee nonce Imre proud of vine fends. lige Feros nade ile Dt ‘hss nis inate be raised form, bl new obec ‘woul bear hismane, Als ae dae, he repon andthe own wat reese narod byte Brig, Tala and ibn The ltr wee masene o, bens ftir awit ships, called te lhwnas. The inks of Deas ion ‘sone to heir ithe Creyraers, who dive te Litmrl ot Se tea ‘peas mine ther ove colniss aang th ein popu, he pote bevearddas Groth. The Cooyatanscange the ane of ts Reece "pede a untchy (argh ocky coast they med it Epdains sfsoe “per town, Ths called alo by Taye tu erent the teres ae ‘eval and rsa lle Dyrahisn Te teenies ‘etereé two diferent sal confined by Sepananor Dee ‘nd R: Kat supposed tat Appian’ sure hs ge ig ve he Pe ‘ono bs century AD) cd by Stephan unc ‘Dy oc "can wel be imagined how any dire trie shout he ero te Le {an hows, regions, ries and peoples tere carve amy To ly cotmed by Appian omar that ut the several legends hea on shut te son of Polyphems an Gaited ea ete Rus nature, wots aSrvras Fraga tony ds Hi sorte a ‘hu Fompis Tous (taps wing ash ure Tmagence Hse ee pat this seventh book to he rg he pian nd Peas fe et Mocedoncue_sriorum et Pacoram orgies. ortines Pommrscen the tas ofthe above argument, in my opin Hom pone ecient ‘Appian necesaiy wed Tages she sauce forte mytieal eane ne ean peoples sari by Debi. Ia Apa’ se ate tas Poses ee kn, Marsco saw evidence forthe aeption hat he petosy coed oe Ie drved tom imagenes sae Pompous Togs dstingasoal well bores {he to peoples” This, never, sat tad egumens ica Laie eg sri cores distinguished between the ani sad Pts “RES RIE teomene wi pans tegee pangs vue en Ang Bra Soy Ign, AE, Se eae 1a esc oe nt ase: omit eres Pose sy oe Gk wre Tae Sted bh ie Pa ees Nove ‘Seba auction ta spt! yt ge i teamed pts and unt Be costes trey ‘Se Appan' sure rman parce Seman 1 Ss tee nt apr pis Paes ILLYRIA IN UPHEAVAL ~ SACRILEGE AGAINST THE DELPHIC SANCTUARY. (LLYR. 3-5) IwrRopucTion The tne shaper following te geograph nd mythologies may be considered tog, a an eps in bish ves ar bel aad th ng seeing oly lee connected with ane ae, a fa unle speset 4 Ko of unity, tes in 3 ar they wee Fede By Appian hing ret othe ivan History popes (15) fan ats 8 ae oss the onnecting tread ites caps ity esta tt oer inerg he oageitf his subeguttsateatve te Soe ial Aria a ‘akon the Ana Litunl(@aper3)~ Apa then rosea odor ent which ar deine bythe eo azo be Depistncons ‘eric describes two bubarin atc on Dian the abeqacl posh, It da ad ben inte yon the guy porcipens by aes nerocaas and which flowed te fis andthe wc seks chp and 3) Tae oy five poles mentioned in the thd hat, te Seon’ sed Auta ped ' parcaty iportant rol inthe foi ales inte uth chop te ‘essitudesf te Atari are seed in canara dt ara caneeone ftir parisgtion with he "Cte Cindi in sacking te Delp sata Te theft chapter, Apion mented anther sta aan! te Debi anlar nds undcrin which the Sede, Mad, ad Danian ok pr gti withthe Cel alert eur, Seni wee delay L Speco noe feed o eet itd in the Dare Appia beg is thd cape wits promising seni: “Ter are many ‘gran peop, which 0 not surprising in sucha are curs oo Bes isos gf rere sg, sugeting the wil be desing wi all ‘he ingonan: popes who had ance eesti ic, a he es al ving inthe rein sine. The am pint eer nay io ma ld, ary because inte course fh hid her acially ely cman oly ‘eb memoel by Appa: the Scorch Tly Aarts Alc wd ‘ir bu nos al on scoot fhe very ees his sete igen, Mor spe tthe ete uth chaps deed by Apa to soln a the Autre ats suseguent deli yh ager, Apart to {be Scot rerio hem however ome an a he id ‘shaper. Adana. Appian mentond fw fat cent he Me an Dade,tae Supnior sere Dare See UL 3-5) is keaiiy to collet mere dnt abot th inpertan eval be erst 10 was Sooty eisiad by Dai andy hs reece 5 wl a5 een Cor ‘nino tempt stonae scram of he epon,fllwing the goer tnd mytoga inci, ay Be omerve, vie fom he ee itu a ethos capes reste above. is aso ot lear why Appian be [no his mtatvly mentioning the Seo, sce hey seein on rome ofthe exten es of he elon ovisy Appin id Dein is ‘Letty flowing the geoprapic ender ~norcold hy be owned among the Side orth mos porn nits of Myieum. They mee i, oR ‘Remon ener avis ofthe ona aiboagh Alan omer sae his. Ts tte fhe Scr! wee metaned by Appa athe very beginning of is {Uscrn ofiidana pooper my hte bra de tome chanc, ass ffm teasumed tht Aan weed = staan ho ad been prety suk bythe Cae inasons ofe Balms ad ther consequenes Tn any ese, Appian ‘Geach Seeds gin sin hey were acted io Myce —and ems ‘oe otace known of hic Cate eigin. n = sme ane, be mower eer {Othe Thracian, ot ent ply Facies the real Tn is gees, {orbs made ton Ys lend fom sie they were allegedly the 0 ‘Sveti ransesPastoni, Ta is cpnion ter eograpieoation srs deine, sine apply he i ot ae to deerme ths tn cei, “Sao, bowery, dings wel between he erat gins of he eo pleas ces ro the page which be parted heir mata was ina are ‘those manson App and fred tt defn. Hemet peoks ‘the bad eae been power! teres uly weakened, sus the Cel {Ean Scoot Ulan Aare Arne snd Dani aswell 8 tbe "Thrscian al aight i hyd bon Seng eachothe net, howee, the Macedonians nd Rorans made ar up thm (736 C315), Some earnhs IMcr Sse alee trate rated te Daal, whose region extend. (Spo te lam of he Agra the Danube, drab Imposing he dominion ‘isi area cso teeny march rom the oh Tracians and rion owen hy were fistconqured yf Sorc andeferwar by he Roman ‘tho la defoted the Scud how he Sears made war pon hem for Temetine "(P31 C8 Karaoeeddpne 2 ro of Abragirs Tabac ‘Rn ag ri “leven aadspovrer iasgaevereriden Sie ini aah 2B Dkr Capen yal Dou narslsneas 8 nd Baa ne eugene Ronan, C5) oars Bangle aw waterline 0 ‘ie tno “To Tel wer — compare the Aavnta and as opposed tte See ate uhh ad been able stad othe Blea. Te regions sete by ‘hom shi be ested no valley othe Morava and to he north of he Hoes "abi 947 1 wit arte tes ea Sas soe Dao: S35) ee SLRS ta ye penton erica ‘est te kr They were power eween te ih a cnr 6 ‘eatulaly nthe ith contury, and were engage in costa batts aptnst Mac coe they dectined inthe [ate Hellenistic times.” Material remains of thes culture Soom merge tciae are tiocimmanay Some hoes corey emia iyi oat args Se \utarintae and of the Scandisei can be ideatitied, there fr m4 lesa paral erga the Tribal yt ? Hcy pea i sie cma SlTiacTmrintme ee pen tere ae saeco ad eygsacein Sy SSuigmreenat a aah main ro See ne utmost caution and is probably incorrect? = ‘Snellen te vec cemsmpeneer on sectoct nro mame Spee aloe eee ot i lhe meine dicate anersceeneaet oa Amant, Belts, Cater, Cornacates, Brave, Herconates, Laie et et CoB ea ae Pro, 2153 [ed Nobbe: i 3 rig dren nin Tar aero hale hata ee ea sant i ee een rage aha cen ay Spine mechan einen ‘eaddonl enemies of Macedonia td the Roman. Appian nealimet deg ee ‘i bis third and fifth chapters almost with the same words o een hele ia eens il ove ai a Ts Eitan wennenctemares iene Ee See a ao cet RB Scone 1 po ar aethe same river. he Dube)” Cin; Bn. ind Pain Sees, sre el See tayo ae van er) Inte chp "Sen ITissoid crushed power of he cords ond hss who remain syppenedy Jomentedi the er andace on tebe ond Cesare 3 aegis ni octet a's Sh yb "lore a eos mea (ncenjas rnd) This ay be omar gn tht Appian a ot ui ‘Skoy elected won he iter strut of hs paras sare hl was lends repented nd othe sia ard dil escape hs tie. On he wl, howeer, hs dmsicaly arg he sowress, tt despite hin at ‘ht en general cnet Sabo confirms Appian samt! hat the Scrdis Ao inbbed fae Duan lings (1512 C8: El 3 al i fu mg {1 Sue. In comeing o9 Appa ara, the oder in wich he mem honed be Balan pple in ith ape wl be observed. The Sei ae Ineo rt along hey mere sto apes inte Balkans Hower, Done thst aperance oor a ht ester history Beer ow 1 8 thant of he Flt Ataris appeared in te soures caine whe they wer already beeing to devine” “rue scorpisct “Theirappesrnce inthe Blkans Paar hough evant ine the Scns nker bok nthe onl Bs ribs sing er say ity ll eoiary Greek a Latin Sources, well a pgp ai dt ese extent om tenuis fo rnclogien dna: Her stony comprhersiv set sara coor Teron onthe Scie wh sb bg wit he dram wor" the year 279 [wd fd of Calle wars ed by Hrenus sept oe isan saan fom the Dane Basin ovr the Balkan Penile Cea Grose binging with then tir fies and maser ofeapes. Thedevastaon ad tee they Sad trovnd hem wereld of for long aura, The pet ma oly acs, hey Imasnctd nd shed ome an chien. ear ofthe Gaul @ ded aay (id) wold kr snares haut he ming an mains of he popes who ad tr uy" According JustiPompls Tous the Gals — ho a fre tan overpopulation = set ot rre SUL000 people fok fora bait ‘ons uy coset the lps, adap than we! aly and reac Rome in ‘wr whith starved he yi co fein ey Dough he deta burr ie. ey came the Pannonian eos whee ey seed ng ater, 74,272: wey, on "Ron Pte me 21 Sacto cep. 2 uma ca Sumas tinge Do Soc se 3 (Fig. 28) Ae they bt congue the Pannonins, Sr many sears hey ‘alas wars aie th noghourg pees aad ny Honea he Scr nt ne subdoed ony ome Panonian eins, esse ‘oe ae no dat hat woud ber estima t et cana etme hes nd he Tauris ee, he pact ther sts hed mae oh coner ‘es, the Balkan popes, iu ho Maced and Grek, chan ce ‘ret andis ecw inact Crest wit uy cal be blced a Se sigan of te Ci col hav er bee ompure othe Cbs maton, ‘heft tha the Cin were carey eared 9 Cle byte Creeks my he avr to th cafin betwee the eke proper die Ci cts be dette in Anpian's four and th cpr As eas Amina Maree or omy AD, the memory fhe ery of he Stet no sve (Gra seb, lt oa ted ct, om a came by oi, Sean eb ra,or ena Suse ere Dn Se 3-5) -Aconng Poise (AGP $7, F 48 = Athen. 6234-4) an Popsts Tei vane by hs, 3236-12, te Sori wee formed rom te ‘orf hang Cets (Ga) who. ante Kadehip Bema use Tay steded Deg Austin capes ims hey were ort one, tater by dic power tan by ex 2.36 blo avers Delphos flr stn quo moor in mins aa ht eneant Ths of he Saints Greco and tudo Delph smerny see ther ect wi te buries (eg 46; 9003,9384 where Bromus menoned or der 221-9) made etn oft Sect Alotgh Pasar ies ‘est nto of te ata on th pic snetary (penis) the om Tiras (rom tron of Cara perhaps satel aBucoed by Heo {ids descrpon ofthe san tack on Deb in 480 BC, 8361" he ow toting ny survive sting the allan nan. le eve malted ha thr hd boc mo curve at al (018234 purty 2312-3) may ve ets nie iformed oor lily fe mid Uthat were ofl ro ners tb ns el. Senreps af the dete pele ad ‘es edd back from Grose by hr ender one tam ken by ane ata mente by Pong, wie Diodorus nama on Crd ‘cay ssn then de th ede of te mentioned arti std Tine cofs of he Sa andthe Dae serving aah he ali ope Tn, and ames henarhes he Sede: CC sin, 38 Es sf Calls ‘munis grasa in coflcte Dra et Sat cota Scordsconue 2 ape (tot: Alegedy ie ue ang which iy had ern, etalon he Morava Val, was med ater et ede "Th Cts, hover, white bd already ben called Ser hat ine ro re sel incera loss inthe Dab repo st est bal cea fat Tint fr tape by ctr Pin teat Kosten ‘heim vast Fhe te Roman Viniocum, whee fe dad were bu ic tm he inh ceniy ween of i centry BC. Cia insu [ioes hie ban duce ering bt Dee ay hve be creel nus Stwee he to gous ease ronal Hyatt wheter he ater ould be ane 1 elie ofthe Cl, perio e Trial” The indgoons [Paes Poe are or sion viens ote he complex tbs be een th al hs soc) and the indgenspopulation. my be sop atthe eins where thy sted a nels cahbousng ress, Ces (te Score) impart oboe asm ibaa” np hy aps se Moslems sta, 190, tS Sov. Shrit, 9 46 Sit trp i ta Ton, rors "alr ck Cnn, 1580 vant Suma tine a Se) {ad hm ia some a of alin rons psy ce oh ee Tor hi ay srt ee oe acl esp Sica Ap hierar one he ene ce athe Cth wes ty ou espe he De ay The ba ‘een or way otter cial wi ie Semdaes sce se ‘tego tis ote Co ean ares inepennse Histo sen, tt te cra Tne io Na Seeumpe tet ack fhe Scr od Tl on aeons 9 BO (cia Undated Scorinmiad wa bo porn ie 39) Note Is them tt toe ft tose Serli ws as fs Si otling ret aan he Sac in cre conch san cn ni ts eae ‘lh tial. Ta Sac al Sere Cl popes {rg rma wanh anand Tac es he eet tolbateorepeiadtaraty 134 Cs sae wy Deghonorenes hase mi evo Degg Scr Omar a oes tte eign reno (a a), ty ace to 8 Cee pol tts inet Dep at Mimi ate se lettant rasan wrongly nde erm Se IVS I1L&P 8, Onder es tb apt pen anno tac sen hy ape tie a nian ot Treas Fee Arian cond hon acy fom th pepe nd adr pit of vieja sic ty nehsedcn neces ie, ie eau he Lr! an anne Hef te Sno ca ‘ete Tle Paonia Pariah ow Aare es ‘so pol wets roy no testo sso mee ‘sf mst fem nl se seh cated kaw ach shout‘ hat Whe esha atioue eae (he tame eran regia tt sce ‘ithe mde we of ped ian gee eh bcd» poll ‘Start opus oe har unbr aapsan he ese ie ‘ese Blas wee sped ne ny pede oe Shas Panis Dain lsc Sn omy ‘tira peopl apres compe nts comp and, ‘Saonedte yc cout ise nes Tras howe allele he we tl Tc (19 Saino to Taco Safir) sy be xed ono rey othe poms na! sang ee esi np oo Fees on bi ney tlt hd ye es es ‘ia When spain be Sr eine wy epennade oe sop Heh 7,19 sd Db, Sn, 1 ge, Fs Beta tePENESTAE sca Vere. Bake somes (COT sean {Te jan Te Tl i Tg PT, sions ino Macedonia alg withthe Train gpl fhe Moe and Dette ‘rece Livy lays este he here of wa ite and of Tee, in 3S 1: The pastor A. Conon out the Sordi in Thrace Per EM Co scons pracir Theta om Sere pana} or ite yen 1211 Bs when Livi Drass fg apis he et ae cone an ten roc "Te ‘oma ius Dasa Sohn Trace sel apn he cord pope Inorg rom Gu (Per. 5: Liviu Dracus conel veya Serco 1 ais ortandam. in irae flor pugs. They won fo Macedon et robaly long the Morava Vay reek eval ofthe Vda Te ater ee on ont oer and ines tat Ly hime wat wll aware Cai vino the Seri ee alo 511820, waere bth the Ser ane Trac fre mentioned as neighbours of he Dara). The mame Soe ul, wich a sdnin and some iter hsrians~ swells wo fsanes in Sib ss inthe oof cords yori hve ben peel nme Ga for eae, rams sucha Serene): Wither it had ben nese ie ‘Scully tr igbours and Celine hem with he pally Ceca bh or whats thy cited in some ter way, etn be emi. Sabo so rote te sumer oftheir rig stents Hera sa Capea lest te ater my Seb beep ss Cac “The ror of the Sent ‘Scverypiees ave ben pu tad regu fo the spins ocuped by ste Scan allfther cel ty Fagg Blox Pope? ‘he saring pit end base infront aati the aaa Sa, wo, apeakng of the Aart coche bis page by wig at ey Wee festconguerey the Scorn hen th Raa hn nitro es ‘vey detested he Sorel thensehex. Sr oeided o deerbe eri. ties ofthe Seo wher i, "cel along te fas ded nt ‘the Greater and he aston Sond. The rrr eed Btaen rhe ‘hich flow no th rs te Noor, passing Sepa, and the Marg Clad ‘ke argu whe the Leer Scrat had Dr delingy onthe cer te of ‘hele ie reaching ward he sre ofthe Tal ond oe The ‘Sco lo ha some lands nh cou of tne hey gained so mack power that they extended hl thority ver amar which ordered onthe Hin Posonan.andTracan moun. They wer ao seed amet of tnd ‘he Lars, amd ha ee tof Horton Capecanon (2512 8, Ths 2 ao sug ora, densi Sig, as wey Deg naa Sent Bo pais ter TA Seed eresen ta2 ge ls ura mean nar in "ran 0 6 Neg ‘el negd vip Zeperracy Ginnie ma oo Magy foie 8 ignon gar 98 gt mire sigan ouvtroveg Teli vd Nui. toy Bal va sew: ik Svein it rnotro BF GS4Syoe re al we ay Wann ‘iTnews gpa Sosa oy mu Tg ry He Tore ng alg as Bn way as Big al Rai) See ot ‘Sabot are wl in sceurdance wih hose ate othe act etary es, ‘sch ore, Athenues, who late he gal etry fhe Serie inthe Danube Bain (625,28 prog mg lovgn ora) tn sd ‘Ses aleady mation, ncing Apa. (ier ifrmnion pve by Sabo somewtat mare difcl oat cos ‘ost sacha i mention of be ena ice Naru 1 which he ao eed Inanearor paige alu seston ote Score ina feat comet ‘ring ta theriverCororaslows na he Sav ane arin he Dre, Shick emptics in th Nora near Sees, From tne, he Noares eases by recaing te waters fhe Clas, owing fom MAbs aos the regions {te lade thon opis no the Dacia somerset of he Seon” (183 © 54 Ols nds te. 4 Ragegel oh he Side iden, ‘ag ly ws Ogio, 3B v Nigar neck np Beperrn Soi 2 ‘yd Nines, hide mera i ayaa fore no ANB Bs Kola exbidde Sniy ard wr Degen) Is 0 a Sy the iver Noun on te basi of Sabu dat, tne aval me hes tb ve Isa tested any ber sources, Most ofthe dentfestons ae hypothetical {nd not paola al ach the Atsbo, rosea dey Rash called Neqadin ‘olny, are: tne Dri, Da, ote ra (bby Mn). Preset tered oso th Nor leaping anol hypothesis of ipa eat ‘agte whoa te mae walle ected inte pes ie Mar coed {oe couse must have uray bee misunersod by Sabo sure and the Nias Rivers imine! by the ain ensaner, would hae proba bs covered he lover cre of he Drea. The contusnoe his er witht ‘Bane ma hve resent th west region the Soros eet "Te Scone were undo eed so srs he Sava inthe Syria at the Danube Beso, eccpying part of Savon, whic sine by Pliny "Seems ht Claires between he Serie and Tari (A. 3.1 ‘mone Cl, ct note Sarde rg Tare) cone by te Sretasinglrmsng Mone Cau ho oon loshin Wi ca, ideo oe the Slavonian hil (parhapspesety Poet bv, Ps) ae Papa Mi) meme suggesting commetion wath oe of Theis ace a Aan Palace, AUR a, an ter ss cine ney sah ie 97, 3 968 Strom ann ca Sumac ne eo S53) the cou fhe Parnsian Wa ben other men of sin Vs Pale txts (21105) That he eos sh sabe eh banka he Sve na eve yh sn St, ers i ate psp ta ‘he Pris Te) fos int he Dab tan ef he Sede (83 fae ue ais rg deh san I eop sr me Sanlomes Ons fanaa te sents fe sao conned oracle hos eu of Sess Be ed She Pung Vly both Poon eats te Scarier eo “Howe aowgh Seo posge ecg oh Mars te de cope ‘end possy o inguin cnet stones pose 2 plstshle acetate yng ome one tri {ema posable armel hs da, onal other cet sa totem cee men te fe) Rat imine awe eh wih fe resin he Cts Rap) fone ps ‘sgn (Si presets Sa ann ing inooDam tee ft Scrs Scher ol anny en he Sh Now tne Conesuemy dented he ier ous ther Siva 3, wich es oh ae eae te at Stn, whe ind the Sei se well esr he pons rod Singdents were dey inhabited 3 ‘hem Nori may be a older name forth Savas o ae ame ae ora ome oer knguge fr this partner, or aad mer ewe oe, which as apie othe te ete cose of tives bad mt toe etc 2 See Piao Pe, 7, a, 28 6.4, Paul rer Wh 8. "= Dat Pot, Po Jay, 20; i west lene Cin Pris, 208: nite Ds Ba co be ep ae secloa, Neray the Danas ivr ot of lao one ofthe onions pases Upson ica by mo eu be ited io Stab’ aegrahic eipio oF the Sopsta Sic rept ad he iver owing ofa eon. Howe the treatin af the Devs cle explodes of an tenes bein he mening confcne ofthe Drs Savi hi se 0 hve bee 3 20. [apie mise oes elsewhere is therefore to sures To Folin mean a yusigs fa wich he sab Alpine er sem s esrb, 5 ‘ells rin of te Dea “hehaclpsl anus ata relating tothe Scotis correspond wel o the data tained by he ayes a caret srreatos of th ni iterry euros Ot this bs ny Be onl ht in the hd athe st tal of {Be econd oxy Btn wesc he Dane ain, frame put wee the Drav tenis hs Dante, sin So, gaculyetendg te eis ‘stern Seni nthe Sea aly ob wel ab Haka, ese Sei, ond the ‘Soins song he Bane ron he ret bend ofthe Dane tbe ea aie sou ‘Sma wet th south ey flowed the valle of te Great Mere and Stun Morava Oly these aren 2 nich hoi sotlemens ha bon ete in gree density and where the had pobbly armel Irge perce ofthe Polo, cn be repro as agly Seda, bce thee they wer et {alt oso sme exe ined with he ashen Pnnonin population, sii ce poet th fl ths the Ara abd Bru Acta The Demin aon of oxtorn Seria many mare emains athe cemeteries ofthe Storied woke send and ft etures BC~ hve ent boon Js. {red ha usher Been own Oo peoples now ove en pr of te ‘Scot! were th Comest,Trineonss, abd Paces (Fig 1) ies wee Insenngly named aie fee anther sin atone whic als ate mene ore Te so-called Grote Scot in Sabo teal io the ‘le ofthe Get Nora white Lever Sends olde ate lng the Danube toe seuthesat rom he ron Cates (Deda), nerteaser Sri, nd ‘sof Oia “The Seo’ rraned wari nti he ine of the sBption by the Ro na wh expo th oe acl thf their sete, ofr cor {hes bulong othe st cemry Banden te ther hab hey fe ‘ey invaded Mlcedonin sd Gress throu the reso he Ai =o {Tete ery nth conection ofthe Auteriaae~ and Thracian iris, thy wor ot sscompanied by amigas ofthe ul part of hi population, nd Io ucheolgealy ty tact Frm he end of he cond eur BC on ‘rc the Sole rast hae fn gone tg the Deana a, WH, SR a er. 208, Rate oan Cee espns 208 Ps fet 2 py 4 3p er, Pe 3: Me Kon ml poo Sh ee 8,1) 1 ade ota th arin acing ein ch Cec ‘emsins ny be detected” Dering sion ete Scots wh wae deed ‘ong with he Bes and her pnts a Thrace by W&, Minicns Ras or 0 '3C)—he xchat a timp ee Scot Tals ase te 13) Sl if 710 = 18 #387 = ILLRP 337 from De) ~ the Daca wh te nt ocurmtd pigriphialy, ae means together wi the Serle ‘sdversaris in PonassSratagom (243). as ben supped te ne ‘cul refed oth Gutae om te sotharn bank othe Daas hse ‘ould be he atest mento of te Dass Hower rol ah acl tal investigons at Kank fortes) a he il Kress Sen Am othe south of Vane in saater Seb, ceed Hoot aa ey el An important stronghsias been dover ths which na be erpnthe fs of Cl an Dai tie a in fg of be Sedan Sdn hey stot sac “he ine Scranton nt he tho hs se uy BC nb el ng sth ny ow eee ae Sec Se csi) eto emay meet emer cher rp Cae atin Bg ny a el a Fn et Keo a pro sen i, Ose, Vas, Nw ao ‘pl rege Du wel Sia re, aa Sct Si nn won te Be {ene Celta etn nacre Tee ‘Scivorte Leer eine Agung Roope a al Vn, an ‘eos ro"Te npn of er mee defo nn eat ery 8) chant te pp eed oes me 0 SFr hee att perce on aw ya een Smile i atari ae re sg eh webs ef er un ai, ch Prine Do Be {Ou Got a vel te Sen, Pisa Oli Sa awn Serena te Bons ever sten eta re oe SuCoerl at Zlartenct roe ot Sia es Te wok ‘pura toda gon ma only are Symi, ae fhe Roan Pen hs Soro ed min, Sn of iid ‘Ears me ar igri Roman it ted pee Ro tuners apt de ac hs Dou en (cna, $2 Sines Grate Rams Acc er Ronen ation A ne! ig) nd Zemin a am) gee i fe Sots clemson ound Oy Tt ae gt Shae eos oe pr he oman cue ni Toad done se owe ne, ee Raman pet ‘Soper lag stance Rona ico ti ate ‘evn fn efor Semen, es {Orpy Ce (vintners ia ned re Seruinfocol fe whee on son th rai Bo = ‘Not atm Sos nd Vana doped i apa ana ihe ep re on nae esha Fried et Thc enon ofthe Soda mene "uo, carbrms, Ii, Rp Ci, 10h Son Si tes sti ne ni ns ra ob ‘Shien cgi noi as rp 0.8097 2 ae ly Poon vs vtec ner De Se (a 5) legion fates inthe province of Mos, were the Sea mee no longer ‘oon under hiner ae documented chaclancaly™ Beers ofthe proogunced milly charter of the Score hi sc ave been sovily iene, ich sel reeted nh et tha thy wee the oly oe ofthe ental Balan ites o ve mist tei on cane, Cola finds, partly fom the second halo te second ad ine a cetery BC ‘weoupaty ale areola! nd dicoveel nthe pps ke pole ‘ileton dat clined Inthe so-aled ‘Ste yp” mast hve ewe pea Jet polis comtdnvio af the Sertich ry have occured a ‘ine Theis minting of he eas, serie othe Sahih et hse, were ition of ser eeadachms of Philp I (oa esr eto, lose of Aletade to Grant andthe Pesaran Ling Asean), wits food ‘Zs hea bearing a au! wreath on the averse an ses hese occured somewhere turf te Sv dhe Dan, ad mayb the ‘he so-called Laser Seis, wo oon nite ont oss ute sp paras Smalls ses ofslbercoin of gd iy and emda sic Sl vere mind in smal quan. par fr vo west hats om Kin to abokvae, which ao conaned cols of Alera he Greats Helene ‘ules (pts aque by tude, pusher miliary sets) Ba ‘lan frag, were lay rae, nd were min inthe am th lay ‘sistoeray. Cot ication increasod the cure of the Second entity BC, Ba ‘he eins rad decreed wight a svete, and nei, ese itd: Popov ising thes types Serdsnn ca, he ton, ship between them et bing ety ler. These ae the ‘Ste’ yea wel sh ‘he "stem Sonn a "Kree pe, ning th in, enceptonaly stalver coins mimodia te second hu te Rs cnury DC hl vi of pit! deci, aftr sewral svete defeat the Stoic Sram he Romans, the ceased ht stack tthe sau On th oer ad, po on, eats adie devped more imtensiely than eat nd oui th fectied seems Leal money ws lange cough diva enacts eqs he oe ffi coins ts the ler dacs of ie Ada owns of Aptos Dyce, und aterthe Ronan Repblisn door gradu digs he Tocal coin Mow of thse ust a0 cut an othe eos othe Sead de ‘to mand commercial sctaca” The Sor may hve abo been employe ‘erect a inated Wy a bd of 15 se es ound ee ey Visinaiom (Pei (Rhea and bre othe scone ris cetary BC hich ons from Cyme in Asia Mimo predainat, ut the ae lsh eth ‘fom Clazomese, Sj, erga, ad Mab.” "Ri oom, ym Sorc 192, 4-7 (HOHE), Sao Ue, vain 5, tly pecs Fons Haas,in vcw ofthe stemsn of tb Sc a sch shove, sme ar ths Sau tn en ye Sard et twa ped a Paquet poe al sa fA Gt wo ety ne Scent pe Sept Stetina ee are ates Re ons pst Spee lite Soi weeetdarr ti etach thcus herr Ate sme ie rt pel he Tai! Tuna (Zam heh em he Dns ‘caning te panes pep ihr a ir pices An tots Nec Rie eae ray be ded i wee Sout Sv Snolcenhe Sodio te other fe ei a ihe Dee tein nn of Siow (pracy Bla) He sore mt tah mn he enh rar Sopa. Thess of My atin snd centr DC eS cont of Paonia ao thse onthe incre nerreation sary sarc He combined Li's cbt oy ry mast pe oh an ot Sod orn Aare Sete wiip Vandhspn ovate Baur pna Rae 4057), ‘ri Saket Nou Rey ci! to nd Poston meando Tre eps he Doin bn tt eo he sen he Cla he tricia ie Sere’ Gah, 127€ 0) Tey ay eh ea ny et Pani a ran tn by means of urs and eras wart, wl thr, mainly ndigsnons, pope in tee ares (ich she Aaa, Andis, Bi) wee tha ie polly ssyeiimor or ssundisinglsed”Pltcaly inert a i manasa fo {crn period were lo te Bolan he Tari hoe pli power eed ‘th det atid sponte by Buea soe tine aan he i century BC However, te ae alo spade Ctra in cecal a southern Sebi on te lower Det and aod the ours ofthe Westy Mora CPs, ht Wwitont ceran grounds tently proposed to Seay tothe is mt aed Sorta Cspafuram sith he aeevation Cap) at atte fhe oer in deicaton frm Uzce (ILI 48 = Spomont Sk 19, 248 po. $87)" 1 Gemini tenet fur Ci slements inthe bolic esos ‘nthe Roman period tombstones in the Dna Vly at ies, eh ‘nth ares of Prieple a Usselin, string thar oe Send These ype eG, AIS to supon ht the Seeds occupied he nie owen rn ei al exiende ever sco te Drinn ad he Wester Moree Bc Roman eangut tey woul lave ii te group the Din it Dla, the Ceiger in Moet, od the Sood proper in Lower Pennoni. Oe this ‘msn argues bse on erin Calis sme, alee nt eer fo ‘he Ube Poze dss a! frm the Den valle whith were, ae St been died inthe cose! ofalindigeo ure inte ere, whereby teal sv evince for Clie sclement serine. Alto aie ra of he Seti s i ben scone nthe Use Padea nea The Cele teens Inthe eons ae ltd, hy eat bend fo the Sco a fue rere tee are ot enbaph dts to ey cer te erie a the Dinar io ‘reals zane ta Trin pole rhe ofthe Cee ‘The main naratve ofthe events conceraing the histary ofthe Scone shat of etn, bu aes a he mew iporat primary sures etal Peon, “fry Dos altoagh sme of his tae pty reseed a Seb, Di, drat and Atenas" Fear of the newssonig Score spread al ever ie Balan pein andthe uppeasnce ated thie pola! eine to ferme merit popes, th Autre snd Tl tf cue opin htaa cSt na ne De Sa 3-5) hese nce farmiabepeople ad been py dese. The Atari a ten the head oft ge tbl confsration andthe Teal, to, had ben Inport politic power: bower, fer te fequnt deans ified yon ha pony fy te Sorc and ner deb the Raza ey no nae ae Sy sinc le onthe poi stage ad cnseqont, her ame rally ‘deupeaodong soent leery sources n yr that f the Aaa “he Score! Seequoly came in close’ cock wit he Dara and Mac+ ‘lonin ant eveuly ald tetas wi he tence the Dara 8 ‘ina oui ofthe Macedonian kingdom, tok ses wah te Ros. Plp ‘panos, desite the defen st Cynosrephuse 197 BC an ivasion ino Hal Tish th ds ofthe Sorin, mans the Basten tobe wlig 1S. ‘ow ie, He inteded to sed he it asst he Dada, who the Bastar oak dest, andthe proced wats aly (Lin, 0377), While Ly does ot, ‘peak capes eri anal betwee Filip andthe Seon, iam ne nhs (215), and was oly peed he ea af eins. The Eat bal ofthe second century BC waste perio f the psp and expansion of the Seon so mus tht hy appeal pola oe in he Dan tian Basin tne ous, th win Bases, oo, alge end 0 snd the Basmals deoominted Lover alti mn Tai) by P= {ach om Paul 9), Te soos had at a ne yt been ete Uhr ours pat Roman saeies. When Macdonawatvanished by the ‘Romncein e C.the Soi came it loser coe wits he Rosas. This ‘led soot constant war bat whether te Best coat ~ reported Julius Obsoqen forte yer 156 BC Jos nde rel othe Sos reins double WE Lennie C Marco cots, Dalat Sort» peat" Howe ‘ties insted afer 48 Cy hea Macedon ese a Roman province wi "poms ary gtrson eat tk onthe province that can be waco ‘ay wc othe Sends is date to 141 BC (Lins, Por ih whe th os ‘us uy ~potahy under he Macedon pact D. his Ss Manan ude ast by them” The Seok thn lest yen ited defeats ‘gon he Rom, andi the aso twee 19 and 108 BC conus wih else neue emis wore son fo Macedo, bcase provial pears wee aot thle vo defend the provine succes The Sori atane that ine let thew wxendcetury BC) ther restos exponen andreas fra he {St Peon, al Thin mountain Sebo, 7512 C0). "Fhe So! ware one of the mos tenaiour nd fensore Roman enemies ané ‘herbaria echoed a a as Aramiss Mateus, who fered thea ivagee "Pa fhe Traci and ws sted ye Scrat 4 pared by ‘ecient writers they were former sage andere pope ae it Si commen ite per Cones of rm ihe Sd and Eat pan Tey 19728 capes Beton ond Mar and grey dining man Bod rm teeny $l he Romo se wich ef ire from he ery an lary de ‘eft eve bata na ry Wht coma G74 Br pro caro {eTelecare km proto oa ‘cel undo et ces oti ct, copri Dela aes ‘tir, uarenqur segue reat cepa cv btn ‘am aiperi o map pga crane nee Roman op treme arte ont ext oto) A ee het hie are a ‘tay te cnc even cpr ate pat Ses Pps Hinde documented nau nerpon fo Le, in lage A ‘owt che km obra se i 10 Be (eT) The isto no do ha Cals ened nb stp neers bug wore he Ser thy dtd ie pete nny of Aan {he mete of St" On tt stn, tree gues er Aan Sve att so este oe Galle hacen teas oro ett ‘Er da te when thy weeny he Nad uner psc. Mas As lp danger ua avg wae ew tal fo en Mace Sin hi cated hip pre eer os yu ater eS BC, ‘hour ey €. Por Ct mas tly sna! ye Sedo Fees ‘Sorry, Bap 24; Ca DoS yen ed Oy A ‘ims Mcintosh Co noon ‘sed his awa life " af Twi ei sae ene tas y the Scion he Roms a actos wer caus ye Cie no hl peste ine Aled eat a tes amis try bebe 11 BC the ear he bet Nea ee ‘hcwtnw: ries ery meted a er Cb al bn ped the yy een opon i aa te Gly Soren rat "te Isao ces Gas rave Sao, 122 029) The mmo 2b be rnd he ah my amend Beles egeed tata fe Roman eres rte Snot te i ego chet {atte wa al ben pn being Cin ce ae at the Snde aph pn th Cin al etd hom wn aerated 2 fran te Sorin ert in ys ie 13 Byte Score sed i sock Mena apap eng we fon, wl essed th nacrsn, Noms exerci eles hi Sande Sere th Cnt! fo pcg ster ans” td i pl Pm is, 196, 51-32 ehe cienfhe t ages ne mc Ts HFK Hs ey Pee a acy Ps Fb, 72-84 pang ts, fm ee.re imam ne Di 5) ‘sort. Howat iat eran that he Scotia od say over th tie seater anon, nor cid hey ay ay nortan on Dalat, was Stronsoty sacle yA Mea Inde, ht pone i nt extend ch oe Str te wos sins ino snc they eton as alee oer he Pen ‘tho opm oa nr cet rary sures a ott peope te at ‘rom nso half the secon ety ond, Hoh fea the Scr ingpred,pt oly the Romans bat loin he Crea tested in he fst at he rosa ML ens Rus Who sce fay ted hn, wt tly onoued by he ky of Europ and Dei In tosh honor insist od the vitor “nw ate he Galton ‘Sonar gant th Be anther Thracans” eons 1932, 5S 70" 115 B98 = LRP 333. He eee bis tam in 106 BC (Fat ri hes 106), vas cal sat a tho very en of he sai centry BC (100 [RC te Tits Die e094 HC), pray proce a Maco," nt oly Seat the Scorn st labo eee Trai as under peat Roman contol les pint the Score tok lace pssnatynthe Sobers Morava Vali, wc nya bora at a me a pay eared as Thracian. ‘ccna aahasogl dic oerog fhe Scr wre Gat in the ‘aly of te Souter Morava asf ste Giisa Pos the wa f Spo [Asagees,ehen hy ba ora the nr: aces, ate Ls Tove is {rom the soning of eskovc and Nit ht sae f thet iden ‘noes ‘Theirdesine During theperodofthe Mitac Warand vl wria Remi thighs of tho cemtry BC, the Sood, gue wi tbe Mood abd stn nck “Macedoia sd Gree with renewed fre nd every indeed and bat ‘he satya Delph. The Sori wer st fat time omer rau 0B ee farsa portent lly of king Mitte who amatiousy pied tinvas in aly wi chp and ough i ry (App Mt 1 OH ig Keb ered og il =o esa See Buin 7 ‘fakes ed bor dada.) Alleria campaignotL Comets Sapo Asa cs in £1 BC thay wae cosa dn. Aer heh of Mirae Testis of hes sty BC new mary power appear in he ortho ‘Balkans the Gte-Dein sat unr Maen wo ui the ee te Gee "oem Marae 9151: 57 Magara M985, Snot ps etiraein et chap Dacian under i ele nd conquered most of hi neighbors. athe wes Sestyed the power afte Cee peoples of he Bo abd Tarn nthe es te Bstarse were hs ales, whe he sebved the western Poses fom Apu ms Of I the south, he extended is Koo wer he Gt bes woo ee See erent Ball Mounts ad th Daabe* Te elt Dtmeca the Sco and Boreas cap be imtprted onthe as oft sass In ‘Saba fa te fat one he remark when psig othe sof Besta that Ie (Burbs) ied far even nth Romans since he eee the Dar ‘oppo and plandered Trace frat Macedon and lias he conquered ‘he Cols who were mild withthe Tvacans and as ard ater roe De ‘power ofthe Ba unr Crass a te Toi” (1311 204 Ty a "Pai leis Badan dg "eve al rv Oth Deans Marating al rig Wiggs we Keo ey gan ee val wat lds Enigtyen, i 35 vai Sed fess ay fd Kae ‘aj Teele). The meson of he mie et tbs sf ote Seas, ‘ho tte tme alo ius eran epons on the ight bak the Dame a "any hve lo bee eed in aes later longing the vino Ms lute pase. when speaking ef he ars a the Dacian ih the Do od auc Sato menioe the Scot — unde ir ova mame fesetalis f t Dacian (52 33) The tme deta we not norte, ad inte by some holga ids, in inst tha th ia the Lar Seo The easof the Maa some sean may ae Den set bby the Sod ane ‘bythe Dain the Torn ay have tempor Ren nse poston ‘Therein boween th pls mt ay fo sb and ides Hy ErPupesog a Popov ‘The Seti! arenes metioned by Cassis Ds, wh rely that in BC ‘he invaded Macedon oer wih he Date (94203) any ave oe sijted by Terie ia 15 (Ee, Cron p.395 0 Hey er Agnp's Seth p12 BC thy Were Thess ax (Din, 34.31., Vet ata he ‘ony sure who med tl ncorpeation nthe Raman te (2.393 bat a ha logy ofthe vets x ote cle: amis masse atte quliog ‘he get Pannentan-Damtan eben, Masia was founded 4 oman pov Ince inthe administrative ens he woe user Tiberias In Apa vown ‘meth Saris ~ unde his tame he chino the Srl) wae seed ‘aly in ected gin sth conaence of the Sve the Dace ‘asern Symi region i th rvine af Paraonn ret a the Arai ii ‘ost etry the own of Binge wes ested). The it ofthe Aa mento by Pliny." drs ancter rhe the Baan eich os nts he "7 Sermo abit i te ape Mind Hn. pcg a BSB Pn Lot ey, 98 10 (Seri, er, 7, MOS ans Bay 50a. 2 So ms bon int ager acai ar ibaSavi atthe town af Sr ore he comomaiy ofthe Srmienses ond dan tints ost”, 3 1 ale ms Bats Sum Uomo opi Ml, tins Siomennm et dmntnoran). Te Rast rset dy Dot wing in the Sova for the other "Te exrcge foe caro he Ser ated epiaraghically inthe Fla an pad Tus Flas Prooulus, opines) praca) ofthe Sons ‘nets oa tmbsog, rested om by hs aber T. Fis Dali ap dis ‘ivtdsth fe wl of Now Stankanen, Roman Acuincu (Lg 20)" [Acconlng to Mocs. Fave wus the fst known el prososiaro eerie his in Pennoni. Th sober that Ropu Ba progr ‘only chy ia che regions, Bere the Flava emperors, weve ec {es was geno, ers in Ponnons ndlewhr yaoi pec The ‘Scunclunfr tc old mae were ro ofl aoa the aka fhe Rout vine of amon, sadn ash they ls apes topoana of By ium: "Phe Sere and Sei pots of Panta sated by Peg the fiom book of hae Olympiads (Sephora, #5 Fang, i ‘Guus ds Wann). Hovere, ine late La Teen xy Roman pei {inthe ise eure BC and AD) he em Scone! mes have bee ely ‘dvi st not meey in scutenstrn Peon, ua 8 Baa sn 26 ‘a inthe Danube repens as ars Deeap™ ‘The test yc history of te Teil ws wet by F Papo, wh col lsctedal he enti dat cong tho plas, c0rapy, and soy” the Wr of tis importa peopl clse ote ober Thana ees ae ‘cbs rin, wa aad by N. Theos The Trial wee one ‘test contol Balk es woo by ving spre owas he sn su [satin ter Thrcianrepans x eo cote! ah he Grek we ad Woe fone of the mot cages enemies of the Macedonian Sate uae Pip U od ‘Meander th rear They reel fst enone in he cea BC ‘Hreduss (4, bsg infirato on he entation eae Hea wo ‘edhe amet lain in esge in wich he dernd the geoaany of ‘he Balan, enorcating rier Beyond the Skanska) rm cast to west “The gr River lowing from the eon of he ris foward ie north fils ‘he Trialion pam (nein vs Teun) andthe Brongus Rr whee rong fas no he ras Accrington mos plage detiestons of the to rivers he Agra wth he Souter ode Westen orn, wi th or snd the Westen Morava (ering 10 Paz) or praps with he Soar Mora asin to Thea) and he angus wth ie Great Morava he Roman Marsch balan pay so poly be cae in the ale oe Suthern Moravia thereon Alsons aod tt Gra Mora Honor, ‘be Trbalnplaa was ot the cate oftheir stich vas oat Dewees ‘he Timokan the Ita River butmerly the margins Thi on, who ‘sled othe Tribal whon desing he Osan king unde i ig of Sales nets them ener bead the rbr ae Trees od Tit et the Oss Rier(~ the Sting, sa, 2.964. his posse fo ge, hover ow fir tothe sort the Tall extended oth Mh century BC, of ny had ready ache the Dane ata ime bch spol i 23). "Thee ae dla concern hi oston nh ot so hi setaies BC, alto ity be regarded as eran they di et nga oh omer Dane postu year chor Asha bonne by Papo ths pothesis maybe cased hole, an asc bea reed wih eli ar IoetsbyN. Vu Tier stack apa Macon pest eins tase orn th in of Pip, athe Tribal were poverfl opponents fhe Moc ‘slonan King novethis, the kar River rennin hi tata boat, ‘After Poenin became ood o Maceenia, ners tere ety om the Macednin set, The Trial eins wer certainly very mh afd by ‘he migration oth Atria, bythe Cel ison ay mol a y th examen ‘fe Dard. Acsorig to Stabo the Talia bon sup he Ast ‘ae tur untae parag int amily clare Thal whose {eras etnded rh cary of te drt te Darah ereconqured lp the fanart who hereby pained contol of on area of ey march Sram he other Tracon a rians" (510 € 318 Rareerebspce 6 art 1 Airwgarat Tabada ind Aygo adel mo "lesen saramay eo ‘porseilra ds ier sal ve Blan Opn a vein) is a From certain bow te erence erry supe bekging fhe bal howl ort be understood The aren of teed ahi etait istransmited~ might ve hereto refered the Atria. Aco ‘oPaqanga cole hal ttre Teal Decne # wo tae be ao Thad Noh. a Pats 20,7 tht nec ee “as Zl ning Ct at dad sty Pang, ist ase nT anys a bal caret yo ea,Wve [I ld by hr "aan pinion the usage rye cor, She sg athe normton ‘a fiee day march coud ve bc een fom a pet ae ality oy ion of Aleandr te Great othe Daub inthe eure of ch he wos ave ts ashe cone ere of ho ial ene the eo, Alene wld hve pne fs te Dene acre the lade of the Tl, Agrias, ad Pu nnn lio spp a revo thee" Some pats ofthe Iran eery, tun the norte prs mst ve been conquered y te Sone moe roby the roost the wet of he Tinaes (Tel) River ifthey bd ere reese thesis eth alley of he Gra Morava evenly the Sorel ‘ve ste ascnding to Strabo (7312 C18 the Tall were set eso he om Oe Sits tare Dra Sines ae 3-8) so-called Lessee Sordi who inhabited the right bak ofthe Great Moab The ‘alo he Stern Mavata seems to fae bon ec ty te Dat a he Stu f the third century BC, the Mad an Deine ebay dove tbe Tall fom he owes of Macederia an aso ough Py meted at "oni eagoiarotced Macodona cmt Trill (Nh. 43) Home emay have bs fering toa cai prod Ina ass motesy oat ‘poste Tribulin supremacy over be neighbouring ere sie, ceeding te Papazogh, they would have born» corny in ans gogrph sense, ‘he th sone signin pola rman execing hope ve the npn tribes ht sound the tarery at eet hte at oo Gta nthe a ict trary earns ta would ali or sch an expanaon Fp 30.9 Howes icy wee alo as smote pail poe, tas ben son by Tocedoscv. he eure fhe thd entry they must ave lost conto nse the sateen terry swells inthe eins he as oh ba er ‘An otie of the history ofthe Tall ‘Sketching a bod tines he kaon ft they ofthe bai tm frst phased hat hy were stl int nters o ePaan fa ee he thiksing mpalses ofthe Hales Angas the lck Seu cose, Accoring te Ari tey hd he habit of scien thie, which mes ese ® tad cstom aoa postive set pia 2 (15848, By te ith eeury [AC Teil slaves were eudy kao in Athens, ate ie genera ‘qe te ropustos avin bee th trou al fin peop th ‘hom he Groat etn in erty cont. The scanty dat concerning the pst «also dveitnto wo periods, brane Macedenaa al ees ‘meow the war beticen the Oysan king Sales odie Trial in 24 sony ater whch opessy ever suring this comet ~ Sales dc 4105) ‘The war was no dout provoked te expanson of he Tals tw the Soh td sues athe wets under Garmin con. The Roguom hed evs duted oe postr pri, aly sce ne Sips sean Fenech wo pot shows hi sj ono th pose inten ‘hs importast tens of desea iver eel i. "The ex ea thal ast hae eae ar an wie tego he ancien work wi te expatiton ofthe Tl agin Ader in 6S BC describ ty Dio 8 (1536t-)and Aeneas Tats (188-10) whch was unde ut one oF ‘series fatal againt the then wer Odin King, The Of binge sraneed he sy of sme ofthe meses Poti Groce and ade age {Se ofthe impor! pet f Abe Dior ined nine othe reason ft Setup, Hie 9760 5sho Teilan aso, an ed ht hey oe wt hr fl fre (nay, 530,00 ren probably eerng oh sing Freese thee sno evidence {Clare ail ei, des the theme arnold ha ge are theta actualy waned o migra in onder sek a beter ving Tey explain the word "wih he wl peo sa nln th wiven sn hen." Doras art mension host he Aeris eri ntl, ees thirties, the Thrcan chang sides andjened the Trial pale Ev ae ‘ste Ae made Csr mc A wits: Acorn ‘rarer secon hs er aes aes he Tels wt sgn ents tn ey ty anid ma ee Inany iat bc on toes ta eal wee en Aerating renee Femina sage ieee rump As com Tears Sate tel etter so pane reais ns hung ronnowehing te ere oa maron fo shove Ph sn aie em an fe mart pe cna ‘eto ercnny sed ei o Ente Te aoe iar ron sas ciation llth Sey ad aps st Te, TB(62). The word acguied a peuative meaning and bd conottons ss. {tate ty ae eplaaton ia the Eymofoicwm Mog (8) “hase wh pend all thr tie att bth, waste he je no purpose aough elegy, ‘ean Til my pray elated tthe word fr ert” “The que als ofthe Fl who ray hae ao Bld comics with ter ‘Traci dys represen inn sre Macedo, and Pallp Ie sad way gut thie Tillis ndeigouring Trains, which er nat ‘Shays vate Arian, 792-3 nau pages VO ai Tobe, {ak dens Pepe an 5386: umn the pees of Alexa he Great {Sr Ops anon he ype River sir stusnent s fod in Demathenes leone 442-3. Oiemg Dupes nl Teen sg Be eal ite EA2aeu saree} “Te Teal ako ma asks suit the Sytins which cul! be in broad tsi stented on the bss ofthe nares of asia 1-3) ogaens 43) and Fremine (2420). Thee incursion, oa, wre ely of laderng rates, esocly ni of th great expan of Scythia under Aen, which [sty shortened theca Been he eons contol by the Seyihins sd the Tain fiery, Plysin al Foon desorbed a aatgem employed ty Athens eins th Teal acting tthe fermer be deed pests tod ve at tbe ade wh ht the rest umbers pal fig he Tal ‘who mite the pest fore las fSytians codigo Fomine towbar Sethian population, ling women ad eke drove bas of Amys an cate in ot of them, hereby gene the Tribal say. AME Theat ote Tall could wall bs elie planderne expen, seer ‘Shas none, te baa hese sme ure, accented he hypo of {Tals ngon which woud have supped ken ace some tae eine 5H BG, the year of Pips warn Soya” Logilly summarizing the etm a. Papsnelsconcded hot Ake, ea at War Whe cy ota. ‘rte the Teal The ing dashed Philp comet sa, btn the ren ucconded in desing back the Talli with be bp tsar. The (ath the Talin Ling anally sed the Sythe fos danger. Aes ‘ced Pipa i and lo refed hi gues dr compensation Pld onset nae waren te Seythine apd dated thm tu nl he was Te toring wh iy he we aac ye Tall who dtaded thet sae the plndred pods soc hey ad tard he war agin the Seytinn Pip ‘ese ie bem ying on wa sevetey wounded in th eb et led the Tia okay te ep Tie seen may hve tapped in the Tal larity ae can be infeed om Dido de Demat comm. 1237 oad Ti Teas idlp]at Pstarch le dler in 19)00 he ozsion a an "rr ly apa 17 15-25. taught nn Monat Soar acne br Sne ate) <:pitony Piliasio cna sinrshisale n hspeal ao ‘it did nat end successfully forthe Macedonian king. ae ‘fe: lig deh a nee el Arts Aah 1 wei and ining 8 Be Mn ade tape toth ee Stal tet Mt ih aa nel Aron a a ‘ee! ca ast all uma ape tes Alster When aso vn of Pp. oon a rage er $e Thins Byod eaema he ade he coy of he Fe Whos ‘that hy ahd th rein a fr ro lo the song ‘Pace he rer whe he Ce ead doer ane riage ego wet aso ht ove cn mot each se {enh Diba Syms ager hr sta", 73.8 C0 igus ie 3 rn wars" hee ont 9 Nh pee Sell Teds Se ne abr ed “ps ls eB Fa rae en se 1 vw, Siow Snt its satarare vn Tees Seve Sign iver nevi aig The Das to sem ‘sve tony bore pe rhe ee when ey eee ‘Sait noms Atos poy bende obese he Attaraneosbalo oped y Sabo Cis ap). inte cor ath armed moi Are Ge wih is mcclarin e's popnc nec" he ent te Dette need ‘athe met meas) oe Cols fa he Anton ha seen ela Font 8 2 ~ Sena 8 C01 FAs tah LAs. 3 Polen oe Sab led then "ie Ca from he er cast™ ete Ade ile Asan we ane Co nh tel ng te os Sev Kan tua cog wi yc Sam Alan vig ean isbn), Ton ae Cea ent “Seni win ceranty* uy cole ne eh Carson he see ‘cue in rms of wey an ex cheney rl be Cee Sie eons of peed ten aly. Sood ror Cat co ‘tbe ded tee 0 Bt Vn eC apt het Sek iad ct eth ery ough cn need ‘hog aes rhc! de® Te-Aat Ct te fea Cae ‘icane Pann ithe Aisa gps thane eos ike 5 cri dct by Ppa, Pie, 178 2-1; Then, Mar aero : ah raysa Lan Suns soe ie Dane Sen (9) so rgion slog the Danube Valley" They nay have fre bon tse Cel tres ving nthe repon the acter Aditi and i tran bu tag "he Danan Cet sitingus hem fom the Cet (Gul) om Gaul chose om he Ape ean as ht in Sen spose, poraps the Sens, ‘minting the Aico etweonAvimimum and cons On Hb Way ok ‘texans infra the Asari wm he ad not hea cave and tho wer consid one othe wave peoples in hse repo nee ‘ac him (2608 his ty. "The Tbs became dsaly ssf the Macon king i sir wy swore the Agric, Poon, at Dann nd ont oe coats! of FRovsoldn to Aleande' ty fre tet out eth Eas, Dodoes spect ‘Bly ett aiton 12,000 Medan 100 ales, S00 mercenaries, ‘nd 700 Oarysians, Tribal sn lane, 00D sche, andthe Agianes, wi ‘Shullod 20 fos olen 171734). The Odyse, ball aos and Ag Ste sh berapeded ats ernie, despite sever moder cpnons the ‘Stray bt athe led wos ta he arabian ches, subj Alex Sur wore sige seed othe Macedonian ang. Tis cond bythe Be tha de Taal yan, an Agraes wore cme prt of he Madoran tne ean ter Atvanders enh, sid exe under the aur of Amipate, sth, Aexder'rapen, ha lcd cenl ofr en even sui (At ort 56 1 Desi Pra 10,68). “The etn ofthe iba ‘Nog withthe dintegraton ofthe Macedrian emp, thee alo Bean te cine ofthe Til Inc 20 they ral metiond os poser people Paubani in conneton withthe Cec ivan fhe Balkan enna. The Cl Steet nthe ape pin’ Dito in. sermon that the rest of the Cini who survived vcd thir tion returned bcs atin aecorance with depen ote hina by hom sept athe ad been ter estoy, et may wel be cored ‘They ma he jened sal gop ofthe Cini wha bd pap eet le he ginal ore since was tee here ant a he Aga prod Tisinareing iat App sacl ot the ony oe wi kw the Cir inthe Balkans (he alkane were met nt nate alton, eel ‘he source tats enone hem to ft bet Putin epored hat pan ‘fhe tt-Roman pally f Mitra ad ooh ead enya the Ci, ‘he Goforth Sermaae,and the Daron, king ten supper (38 Past hace Mido, Ineo guano bla sure, logan dCi, alas ai Galogrocos er Sarmatos Bartarasgue aia Etta mit, Who these Cntr could ans been lly wera: perp hey abd be ot ino conestion wih he eps fret ine be Cimmerisrpeape ‘smal group a the Cin fad nde tein wih he Scr athe Ue a Sir migraion “THE SECOND ATTACK ON THE DELPHIC SANCTUARY Alin Appin Gish is nna shoo the Astra withthe won ‘Sich am onde apts ar intend the a forte pron ane Ce he diese the whe ofthe next hp oath expedition aie Deb In thet chapter, Appin enone the Score thy Mae end the Dada 1 well he Col, parte in pldering the Depeche we Seeing to Apia, hd tak place hyo yar afr tent nclatr fc Romans wi the Cas. Upon ther, the Scar! feed severe delet by L Si. Appian aed tat tis had hapeved when he Romans bad ley become musics of Macedonia an Crece. The et of tebe ao steam he Damian lands. Sip reached an aproetent withthe Mac a the Darla aller they hn heavy ee him wis» pr ofthe ponte Dei tear ‘Apia aed tht cording oa aia rir who ry hae tree osm Coos Senn, known tay we sou fe prod Slats was ne fh un easens tha eras he ol ms asp wih eneved "Ry unl the monary was rable. Wha srs the ede a sight he ‘ct hrondlogial placement of te pillage ofthe De sy: re srs afer the fis Raman coi withthe Cty chat to deem e "abt dese ete know wich hom fhe ener! possible Carl ‘Stpiones tae Senin of Ain shld te sete al, conseqvey eh Hs ‘siping the Scot nk pie os Mae nat vet Aan Ont Cntr tet cp nee eat ec 2 Sle or onan 1 66\ timid wn be free int eet amen wie Ce [As Paptog ig one he reo as solve te proben "st the ‘Cee were anoher pepe Cir, Scr ~ and eonseatety the dts Som which the hry us te eked woul beet or he umber ‘THE DATE OF THE EXPEDITION “The nly dat which may be ascoraine by compaing ahr irr evidenss ‘edhe tothe id oflpratin of the Deli een, nish x ropa fo hve be rt by he Thins n #443 BC the sms te when the Ca thie sna in Rome ton, lee fre These dat ae reseed in he {Crone of Heonynu (lp. 141 (Eases Cron, ln 11: Pep tevio anid Delptos a Traci incensu et Roma Capita). Ks Krown {fom March, woos he describe how Sula is tps transfered oly end Jenin Tretum, thatthe Capilize ompo was deste by fie on uly 6.53 [BC by fhe (Sl il ot hry he Capo wuld be Bar and is at ‘aly happened, ke aya the dy which the mon orto mame he ih ay of ‘Quin, whch we nv call ts” Sle 2765: -jerejeretar 1b Karr Fa eivas ni useage 8 SaSquros ernest ae suds nando Konan 6 lang weap). The dat ao acorns Wah * pasige a Phas Noma, whee the keeping perpen re in setae ‘Sess and at Delph hen th topes rb ie Med, and ad ‘ng the Mei mde Raman tl wary, the ar wa dma nd he foe kings,” 6 ds day Bo and marae ot Bae! ‘eel Dird M.gdarud ai rv dayne "Poyaan anos Su 7 a2 ie ‘envied. Ith psmge mention ined ho Mel bo can by o means Be ‘Re ov bec th Pesan these ste the slg rg speed Th ‘Sk Mac Putas Nor sh ecard Maina a ae een ropone by G. Zippel The chrocogil Fame iin which larch ‘enti inte the Mitre war and Roman Civil Was Ts bots pers ‘muy be coneced wit Appian’ ih chp, in which he une us arpa {nthe aac guint Deir the Mao aan othe Ser, The rob ow toma the eu 13 BC wich mt via be ens comet se othe Brwing ote Debi sen compatible wth eth. ears ‘whic ha lage since the fit sonst etnen the Romane athe Cet 5. Dobi dea with various previous proposals 1 hw the abe in Ap plan sold caret inert we ak oly ey amma ES Rape a, 36 ‘eee ere 518m tes, inc, woul bs lg asune a seit ons thee he Roma ‘lhe Cel shuld be consered of hen site he bate a Ai 390 BC, othe Coie sego of Rome in 3 BC, The All as a steam owing imo the Tier on the eas bank, abot 18 oth oth cf Rome, whee tae Ce Ind dfeted the Romans, bo cold nat protest sulin fod By mbacting hire years fom thes des, he yar 88a 84 BC ae spine, which ena a hep Ans were therfore dena cay dae ‘Scmend Appts aumte as anomie inthe ramwcrps, The ft wee at oF Sceighnaer, who cote rom thy (vg ea romano) In 200 yrs nero) and than tind the ea 190 BC esos at the Roman stack apt he liane under fe comtaad of ope “Lace Sepa rental by Appian ising ocured afer tir sos andrig of Gece Macedonia and Apolo sscry it Deh, ald have bo tcp of Connets Scipio, rote ofthe aes Spo Aan, eat Anton “Thrace hen nhs way been Aa Mino be wa tacked by ome Tac tsbes. Alhogh tiscmentation wasaccepedby mary cing sary Drapes, any ate o date he xin of Apps Sip eft ea 05 BC; we he Greeks and Mcedoians came unde Roman le, wou be wun, Sie thiss the dt gin hy Apia a ermias one qm maa the sae Teton th emesaton of 22 Jers (trp sal anor el an), ‘ny whch he year 58 BC would be oie at ab eet. Tat ole to acopt vais thes proposed itreatons bas on tse mabe ‘hich ar ea by Doi ea tbe peter connecting the cmpien aan fe aime, cotit L Ceti Seo Na in Bb a obi ao diss all temps ors Appian hyo yeas one get, he disagreed with serine te ft ch betnen che Roms end Ces et the carpizn of .Ptcus Cas agai the Scrdi in Tome U4, or tote st ecouter ofthe Rea amy wis Cindi 13 B™ lnhispiion, the mas sly emerdton was ht L Dacese, nbn ctred there io 302 years Gze al temuorieiy Ee) hina las spld by HP The inert of Db, ae on cae Sint Appians wnt: Yom frente he Romans witht Cs co ‘nly men theit Clic invasion no aly he iege of Reel hal oF "he cy the nd of the nuh entry BC, se hi Cele ory 2h Appian Shiver plan 8 44 Seva Pc rine 6 39 CE Rena, Dep 00,38 dad 22, win, nee dopo comer te pin at pans Cl essa oa ‘etic Cnr i); toc dee rh ences menor hls he ‘ogni ae it apt be rasp 8-329 vee Ces a6 3, "tety be eb nv te pin 9297),‘emt Unt Sera ener ne Daan SC) “ics ths even onside desi an td ther byte 97 Obypink {G907991- 3988 BC) the 97 Obmpad acorn to the eck alemdar, |code parte Col oho are sed on bal a fhe ve off lose nee lan since ro waa fo for so many them. They tra ‘ered the Ape and upon he tert of Chast, fre ond of err The (Chast had made mance ithe Romens sory bfrchandondresoed ir then for hl." (cl 2: "Or Dug "go a spe Te 1 Tv Kubin on vl aba br weer pga Keb s [fplrie Be an nard Steen idgaf Ny Ses Zegna 1 Kano sidainon ie Spur Tegel. ia Bo Keven, "Paani ening arg navn). Dobie Mere the words Wayrdan ny Hyon f wal # yoy ws meaning: ae We ‘itn of ho 7 Olid, tr bing the ato EN or 347346 BC, ich in asreance th fb ateer in ost: "Tat oar ay geen not merely come peace war mespecody negotiated or the whale of Groce he ce of Ants, 307980, ur ale esate fa ne Rome wa capered Bp the Gout” (68 He anand ip pa (Goetin at xed eto co, gue ode tempore rks Rena a Gal ps 3)2" Ths Dob ed sain to conidr Tinagenes, the presred source sf Pompei Trust, asa pose sure for Appian’ Misr. ere, Dos ns sonvincd of close interdependence tween APN Celie a iran bons, and potted tht Api ecard hi mtr oe oth boks mere a ln the same ine, nce nthe ter Bok erro 1 is Cate ior He wea nt adhe pest hat Appian oul have sed teres sates fr eter ofthe bls: Yt is, Boweve Seems Wo me ely Togs sne Appian mus have composed mere on account ote dren ets aah ret quantity o data rent books at fer times Mores, "salmon eran that he rote th lic ate than ot 0 the oer ook Indo, hi is eine by the eration of Dobos ha a Apia econ the bate at Norcia he Colca (1 the Cie ere presente in» ies Tigh tan hey wee the Mica Int ater Dok, hy wee oibers pusied ‘bythe wrthof gan vein gh, while in th Cela, ty wee a opponess fe Remnant a th liter who wore msn respons rhe enti Dob urhersupanid "an ies ee pote poe coir ‘pan Sed thse, Croc, source eal rt he ete Cha War Sx re creping ys, ncn bn eka, Crag, * Dob Sule. 9305 Bara, ue srry in te ger Corcrii e eT Dahesh Kimbo, 86 96 Sf 20,98. ‘hat dels wih he period Sul 2 wees forthe above ned asain the ‘cain bik Sil seine” Sutrcting 302 years whi he regarded a the mont paul ementon the ransmited be f hiro years ~ fom he yar 37386, eluted from Apps ow arti and haf ter ees a Bee expt Dos aeved tthe year 3, whic indo seen tbe plas ee te lieing and busing of he Dp sncany Thi yer may then be ese Ss also apprxinaalycaspondingw Sips campaign gunu te Sue Wg thas ert Apis Loca Si at ba nly been the cea of [BC Corel Sep Asingess, oe of the sin oppo of Sul aa oe the est anlemen who hs been posers byte ines Tos peo a $2 Be nd Sip ied in exile in Mas Aer ving ans the osin of So ‘sus Sls Between te yes 5 and 8 BC, Woon Sepa was etd onl, Debi came othe concn that her neve which woul prin ex toe caps by Seip Astagensn gain he Sori ia 84 BC." Paez lo cscs: gt tne expen of, Coals Sip Ai sessgaar th Seo ws bd vd erste ant Roma com stl de. Clary icant be date aller 8 BC te year ofthe consi ‘Sapo Astageny, dsl SBC. wh Sulla wasn Nace oni an te With Suede Anan the ple station nh Rants in Rome ‘nthe years brwoor 8 al 85 BC abe cole ht th ecg Spo Asie zoe epant he Sco cold oot ne nen place before 85 BC. Sow ayued {Hatt is mach moe probable that Su, who way area snl duis {6 BC, hac med he topo tess Dap, Epdsra, and Opa bee ‘bekazbrian ron the Dlpie satay. Ak, he df Se ited ps ‘he Stadt was Severe and most roby det: they bd ee! oi und fhe Danabe and oth tank ofthe an ny deans th id invade Roman trey ssn Thr eve onthe bok area nd ‘as only in 1 BC tht hy ere stood pin nage, When tech wide Dente the invaded Macon erent Appian enh hate defeat he Sorta sare rom Spo Ansnsnar a indsd tustope fortis peep Sipe probably advanced agaist tem lng the Morn ‘alley Tei reat to the land in he Danie, of wh hte ended ne Tate ge ones i is mie cour mst be reper tary scape ‘oon aerwats they no dub io seed om the ight bank of there, Sips tia campaign alst cerinly post-datt Sus miltary action gain he Sordi sinc nowhere reported hth ached any lasting el, When he seize the Delp tenis, sical wrers reported aout he Phocians ad ‘hee londerng of the scm nthe bly Wa, Bt ny eed en 2 ough, Moise 195.8 "ona Sate 050 i, Mga 86,7urna Urnant-Ssemie coem BrmS R95) oti atk sins Dep n he opinion 29, 8 BC ces the mot iy ‘esr of Scipio's expeton aint the Scot though she ata hat he Inver ic Sep ara! in Nacsdbla, th rasta he Malan cus ‘neti and Sipa'itary actin agaist mus plae ste it ‘She cei th mandation Appa’ iyo ers oD yeas a8 ed ‘ota eat fh elon Rone i356 BC at staring pit HOWE 35 us jt botnet be arene to prove te pasty of te mbes ‘edit fam hae of Dobis™ “THE CELTS OF THE FIETH CHAPTER ARE THE CIMBRI Comrise salad colt ad ays by Doi ni ry pe hc iy 5h ony and Sly Peptogh may be ete a iam ey te dng fe Daisey me y Appian wi heb on ‘Sein Mn 8005 BE aCe othe er of Sip wat Sune Stk oh san ot see prey ble Lae ep iy pinot Dota concn rth Raa nti wi he Ci ‘uch Agnes nthe Men wo eee be he ame a ne {ety him Cee iy) ete expr ot Rae y be Gas a SaTte BC: Apps ting st hve bn tr oc et Se in 6, BS Sen. 0, 4 988 ee ey Fe Sat 41720 20, me oreDeSean dm) te Ss ein ig eC ne Baan ‘ppan my ine repared Cat toned nh os) soe pertoos see wns led he So the cn fan eCourse ainsi wie pera Ce sre dorbd un epee const nth Dp bs wo han gt {Teatalinpablto enya, wooin atoeteSorich rhe nt Doi ido exp ae up Sandon on his part rtm, Sil apc om eu th Cat money Appin he 8 cater {Dh tne Sonat a th Gai Ca eral og Ho {Git Kernen mado en thm with he Basra While Do fs alte any xn oi ewe Ts Papel punt anda cn etn pro, sino he wobomot be mmberof ore App an oy eo a ay eter he Ecis mniovd ine bopning fh for chapter were hepa or ‘byte cnt or Sr and cose, fee wold ben eed cen [pao numer yan leis uber ben rape crap im ta her opin, oy Appin tm yr shoul ons Be ‘Std sine een pe enenaton wold ed ws ask ore tha hee Senn, and oan eve nay ha stay would at veering om AD Pia’ ron sje ts atk oe Dep Hower at een sen he [nonsense nisl the Car buon we ste tht pan’ Cae woah st Sy av be he Cabri wheter he acre ce me rosy comet “etsy oye fainted m1 Seo ft te ae No, wld tot corerpond BG twelve swan pen dt 81 BC. In ‘way, x a ren mid) Papo, we are tnpase Snore scree sa hy year fn there Bt on Sti en i ove a Sto a A Ce ye So ‘Staten wuld hehe ld in 09 BC), oom 19 BC te yea of he a tron on tt Lote, wish woud oi 87 BC Tas evel ‘Bvootl enone an then ane yo 4 BC ar sept within he ‘SharotL Carmelie Spe Angee ar hicanpeign inthe Scordic nd SESS i te ten othe frat coe of the Romans wh he Cela” Siac a rica on Rowen 367 580 BC: Conseqey teemedaion {Piste oyun in Appa tht ha ie se eto 302 erg nal Sno wl ao se tho lai ee Tove accorig oP Grave, he suber rated in pin oud bee lb sua om 13 BC yn of te i ‘lh es 9132 2 930 “Dah nr a, 009 a sent Suae nae Ds Se) ‘sof of the Ropians wth be Ciba the bate et Norcia. He woul pad th year 1 BC asm ror cosmid ty Appian, wish easly uemtanda, sine ths 14" Ompiad— whi Agpan proband in his source wou orev Ths we ould rein eh Ape tasty wo jets and he stone Fane een th bea Nor, which nthe gen one, wou be hemos ps stl ae for what Appa ere the scott wih be Cte Howse way farther sated ta Appin weld have read in the sss he excerpted ‘that arpsign apis the Scr! fad een cede oe of Sees ‘oasship tence Appian would hve ernest tse this feat by ‘suming tia the expedition had setaly bon deed by Seo hima i ‘wool have been cnc by Hortesiooe of Sulla commas This Jeerretation dos nat em pmsl ot eat baomise Appian mented Se eal iporee dts cacercing Spi eampipn agin the Scie, which ‘ads be nd vad his sure ately Haren hal coated he ‘pale won ot ie enone Sip ins plas THE RETREAT OF THE SCORDISCI 10 THE DANUBIAN ISLANDS. _Acoring © Appin Scipio defeated he Sos severely oly sl pat ofthe people" if any ata sarived and thy fad wo Beto he Denon ‘lands tte hv. Doi ity rnsned that Apps words ms ate gga alliough tis ued he ere mor lads nthe Dame ha te presealyit extn, Several fen Gapyere fe te eu of out which sa as fr th ver Seve, nrc Pyke ge ad ‘allel Metab: ths wa oe of ever toa im exsence (he 3.108 Tl ‘Save Meubarbs,amnicaram maxi) Tie Drain nd, ice have aes many, were ceva lage importa ugh tobe momen sce tltines in ance rary soutes, ths Seo also ened he a conneeon ith Soni! andthe selects (7S12C Rs aariger a ou ro hsb Tove nag wale, ns Bal Das abt Hoga nal Korn) aes, 10 ths lads hav ot baie, ser oe fhe conto fc ‘ied by Marcus Aurelia AD 16 when he cated epaceenty he ‘zy was tht they bald wt to sel on th Dania snl Css Dis 11192: Tr ie wou in 5 Tory die) The sateen in Apia learand theism eed expan uherwse™ Ts itt aces) toy ese, dil Zippel, hat Appian actually mean xeon betwee the sv Dra, Si, and Dante, where he Scr were lee by Panel Tonga host Debi Pup aat Dabok sg RR, bs, HH SEAT ad pt Mi Pern Ginn,“port of them te Gaal wha inv epi std a the conarce of the Bane an the Sav ad named heel Sore” (3% Ex he mame ‘ucedam in coflecte Dara et Sv comet Sonbacorue re apellavotay, {Ed whe thy ar awa ve Bsn sete ring the Pract eon the Io of he Dabs een elrade an the Kaos River nthe Soubeasta ‘ens of peseteday Vana. “THE MONARCHY OF SULLA OR OF AUGUSTUS Aconting 0 Appia, sp eee eee he Scr! et at ht gan te eo pops edo he tak ow Do, toy wi Std an he Dd sea econ rey th a hey ok ‘wi hi with ut ofthe pier an deped om he Balke Appian ‘Sov chap ist eh tn pon fa eon writer a Sr treo cl wars rol a wth owed force flr Lc ening «Tac Scio Asgee) an he morro sabe” Te aan ot aoe io! wih coi ar need hate mga en ‘Gewutus Cords Doi sage at Aparato he uname tin rit slong wh tor asm sure wa exerting St htc nin pnt as ont Toots he bone, oe te Gree Tos rots he may ave Bsn Cratos Cato x abo Shs nh wre sou hese eves son mye een oy Sn ‘act he sous heed when wat emp sey, ore my Be ted ety fom th wer i he trl oes at hae ib touesmay hvteen wenn ter Grocer atm cbt pam ew ‘Str imgonowe sl Hey wl ve ad he bn conn th en oe Since ecu wand a barns ona ote eed ‘Sal source sic when wig te Al ee pie {qunly publ sn sy sogeston mut fein ypetctaNeer oe ‘More ch a stor en es kel poe he tic of the oun sre fr psig conning es aly ees IT ti boty he ste ao Th ral, Dob pole lore ‘Mspedcne ews th jie an he Cl ar on the be fone ‘ina concn ei sh Sell th captor he ron, eh wo Int sn rtm of hen rns Be Dako he Cedar SP ra, ‘ec Dap Han 2 CE Doi Se, 15060. ‘>on Sa 8 {an Grn Suhn ca De Se 35) Sir don, toweses, may sully well be sith the same sere, the sme or sini historia station ig deseo by fee sures, oee {osone kid cles or even more chee 1's ot oily cla whase Bosh Appin ws refering 1 inhi losing seateee imma answer ht comes oid whey reading We ese ‘Aust’ eg, whist was repted in ot store wots fom ttt se ‘monarchy par eclence In he tae fa his Cn! Mars Appian ie, ee having By essa ths curbaent epoch ate Tease wed he wort 'nonay” inthe sense of August’ mics "Dh ow of dice en ammotion te Raman sa passed no harmony animonachy (L624 Tsp ix evdssan oot 4 sin Pawan ma! nage mee) In anther the Sst Book this Ch War, however, be ee he word sven fr Sl: an tthe ares Sul was anergy Boho ‘nada ad lis, ut fia he made hina te ony rar ic ete Raman sat sofr ashe wished or carta be"(1.82 al el eas GBR oy os we a nal nari das ir am mel pong vedas is Toa dori is 6 te Says vent ten) he herpes may ete for compar: nc ofhse hie offtans, omer Sa, caring one en with anather mode hms the vl tof tae for aver og tne (139 se onde nv erage sen Reg pen, Bag san vt wan nog pisgae eis hnigye ft water) Debi desde fr theater explanation al 0h Papas we wold de soe ‘we in he won! noma Augusta’ monary. Fir, ecu hr saa Darllel fr Sails ae he tm pong, jth sth was bt ad seria Appian Second eas acre the eee iti Imps the erie ero athe cil ars, ot jut thf yur een Sot ‘scolhip a Sul’ ake-over of ei a tary poe Rome APPIAN'S SOURCE(S) FOR THE THIRD, FOUR AND FIFTH CHAPTERS To conta the commantary tthe out an fhe tis csr 0 lop stanipoint concerning Dob sgt in favour of Apia ong ‘ssc noe ofthe in souee for his rica, Dabesc, eine, deel he ‘se of Tinagstes, since hs aur mast hive vi acepe he tt of {he scale ram Tasman’ (RGrfat $8 F t= Sino, 4113 € 158, while Ini epiin Appa’: source semisay rected "Poon, on, wh had en eltiey ewe evens erp, ged ent “The cron 2 DANA, a8 9; Pwr Pe, 198,398 SS Da itr So, 85 “ch Kn 96,619 Scfn 20, 940 0osionus more restworty He says that he ala of he eases found at loss monies 15000 tle They ed ot const of fabricated objects bu of Ingo fpr gal and sber deposed pars ancuaris and partyin sacred lakes. The Delphic acta, homer, bck hed Be plundered By he Poco lsh ounce sacred ar not anti ay tc resus fe te. ‘Bronifte inhabits of Toloca wo hae talon vest Delph thy weld fe ded them omone mony. ogni fue ado that e expen Dub ened diastrnly nthe vers were steed om th ay ack. On "heer hdc cua Tl eit in gad ad thre are may scr treaty Ia aes ("Gr 47 F 35 Stab, db) Theres enveh tical eidece i sport Poin’ da: the ches of the Teco thay hive ered foe te ping otal wld om the ives below the ‘ls te Pyennees™ The sy about he gl fom Too speed {tort vernte i Prpeas TPopusTusi:aoodng 1 the excerpts fF the ‘Gute gi once Gress ad heir ataceon Delp met with str ‘Neri conanr Bens fad i, a pct ftom Bw Asa, a prt to Tac. Fam thre they return heir aie county y the sae Tous ‘thie hy ad come: One ofr group seed a he ena ofthe Dube {te Sun ad eal thamslet the Sede. The Testo owever, when thoy reed to hi ive tnd Tlos, Desa infested we pestle dss, Toi ier hres) ld te hal they ou en become Rely Suni toy ew al he gol ser heya panded in was and sc ‘lols tacks gan antares note ae Tas A leg tne eras ‘hoe reanne na then by Cap, bu because ofthis sees Chepo ad Is ary are distaste afd by Be mb s rsi 105 BBC) The Rom expensed th ster tots of he Cine war a8 36 ey ‘nec being ered in even fr the olen sated money. A eannrale pa ‘tthe estoy wot yim pe of mde al afer had vag ‘he Hise hy see nnn (32,3612. Posy be Vleran Mass ner ‘Chale, mentions Cases Dip whan he descebo the Pantoia-Dliatinn rev ofboth Bator AD 9 (55323 poo Minn Ep de Cos. 81) were Salo afer hee Vea Tstoege, ded ot repre ofthi sory re roe chs otal ceria” Fi posible to ay Tow muh ofthe soy of the geld om Tosa is ue cae no doi acini verons mt have hes seul Yo expla he feet fhe lng Roman army at Aras, commanded bythe cos Ca Malus Maximus and ne rocenrl Serius Capo Some cassie writers connected ‘Narety tthe esas sen fen the star of Apion Delph fo ‘rape Tagen ed spre} tough in general Grek and Roma ins ‘Sting bout ick fe Colson Dep knew att od besnuasucesfl, ‘ma sen -Suer ce a Sa (5) ‘i Ape. Howe htt hat Appian i et fr ale sary fhe {54 Tom Toba nent manta c imtkisoat ies ta ews Dt ‘Svar ofc esas of tandof issn of cuca ae tspsccd ‘ssl he mp) Hence itt ula proms ey Tapes bt trey he bern et pos ier tenes Aon tnd Tinga hat ol! enc om + compan bewec Spin st tsitetof gmt ses Tn pont ono wh eset al era Adie she ge a poeta pn inks wel Pec rn Soetoro t Horas eee, whic eed he tak o Deh tte nr iso te Ruan se nd ‘Solemn Sho pat reagent paisley sescned 1,6: Maren" Dobe gue tes nin fom ttt spe at cote roport wre caudbepoven sth ts of Appin ‘Tht eerie or uy sel wtp ay ae Sh bis tena mtorr wh hid an we oon or noe ele Nistor, peas ene tend two Dob ute mse ly one ste foe gn 2818, wach opt ory a pois eggs tt Appin ttl sure ase br he ppp erie ies inthe it tg neath of yop etry fenced by Tinea Inte cod caer ann se suse rset heaps uo ‘eso wise eneain ors ar wit cop dma ts ‘trie and vis prise. This pina pots, ca te ec tether hae abut te Seri, Tals Arne Arata and Libr fy male ne om tien wins oct oh ey fled w te marae oe sues to haere sack on De atria nd Cnt Os gun of Ap’ den of eight Cine uk tt oo out, Debs gee erm pt {em fer Api’ sure nol fe AD, bce elcome he Cit ‘ten aise inti bomen fala Sab, 121 32 Fan ike Tne, Gorm 3a) “hate by Dai sabe te roe of Appian ores it tite tov sang te and say Sr ls on ch beoredinsal hen pstens fe he ee al of ae hh os tare bythe Gran pila cho, ye ee ‘Alot valle wrk war snc in hi ld ah sar ba a nce Senn he et al eth ty no No ne th “nerdy dncoving an sting pri lary, nd pose open ches anon ifr Gree ed Lat we, They waned sone ones 2% Bid ceil Dae inary 18617 (Sif, 200, 88). ‘sere nua Me fa 8 0 ease Rte ED i 956557 80is questi, or at east conert propo. spt the commen kode at ‘aly «sal pocenog of arco heures bee served oth preset iy, td tha een the reserved names the writs whose pus babe et ese aly ania puto the erry werk rom ati hat had ence exe, te ‘enptation col fen noi be eid of pepsing concrete anes fr he sores. should Ye xuphaszed,boweve that eoomans knowledge, omy ley Ibcking isons in many ie ste of ut ene. ‘Dohalargood tnt App sure fa tebe, and presi a for ‘anos oterpats of his extensive Matra boon Tinpees He anal 6 rove his hss by oping Appin’ ten wih te work of ust, in whic be ital work of Popes Togs exerted, wo would have iis tur see “Tinagene Inthe cae ofthe furs and fit chap ofthe rca, Debi po soled tng ie bys chars usages from bth chante an ras Stn 236-12 te avving an eening compan, of wh bellowing ‘ample wal te in Ti 4 They hod onedMetiama andthe Cel called he Cnr nan ex ‘pedton agaist Delph the majority of tem, however. were anna een oe te ace By downpows,tpesuon storms, and hing whch sack them" (Miri ros Ra rw Rian een une trewersin, ru gSaciur por alsin veg shiney tiv pt omen, iat oni ldo el sep r inmr) ‘sin 3.36: "The Gals, howe, waged war aga Delph ith o sucess ‘nike couse of which thy rcher he destroying poe ofthe iy ha hat ‘fmen,” Nome Gl Pato advars Delphos sorts, gue motorem ‘nmumiis qm Boston senseran) CE 2480: “fernard sere fowedo Storm ha and ol sroving the wounded inceson hard roms, old. ond ‘er yaw wel ge uated te rea who ad sone homes From he afrtnne war Unc dinde topes et quae prance egos Saucier absurd 1: dhl mbes et gel nx concrete amet mitra fs el ligt obereband), Torther pass fom te fo ators, od i xen by Doi inde fr ‘he seenes om the rh ith haps of te lic, wc ate compare ih te ences fom Jest (2312, 33,34, 3.10, and Pompei Toga Pro 32) Dobas hums wmited that tho oral conorance betwen eo authors, which seemed Yo hi understandable sae both wer wre ot iets imtedepenen Despite he et hat Appian wrote atthe Aare a Po eis Togs aout he Ces, varions cps an Jxapstons in Both tts Toe hat bot re depeche ne source in ths ave Tagen Tus range, however. tit Doi di a py mot ation othe iene ia both es whiten some cases que king Thee no motion fer fe Ginter Motta in asin, pr does Appin meson anywhere is cone the ettg, Hiri and Monon. Apis es mt he Scr a ke ‘sige he Dae irc, le in end hem he eh be ‘onthe fhe Dense an th Sv, Arp fre: wna ht Sep a nce teed wi ld Gam he sad ene rot hs ane een te sed one oft ctw ae Lac (ep whee rene Se: sis mend Cape ing esc f ho re tc inter ofthe Circ Wa ene ping pins coma, totes sho ning ene racy the ast le ee in coda och the nae af perpen li (alms, $e Cindi, une, Testa Sep hope btn of Sere), 2nd tere maton, no eect What hl ngs aly fave mcm the mention oreo ty esi pone te Sf rin thats at event he ever ie aca tl pra gered usin sds et les {ted este as acne of bseacn tron Thee however eye azo feral semen hy San ipa perl et cne ge, ‘cs hich nana evan nano sat cao of es eset itd ony ies Dab wre co ined sen th eens in hss wo oper ean of sn vests neal ati Appns en oan Spe prepa" onan fh to ex eet pve Aras posbl depen oh T= mazes: ude te hyp of Tinagrcs ing ee so a ‘crc fo Pompe fon ty Bo conee= Hower eo eee rues ogni he pin hat Apa ad Tages el ae dace thin Atinos, ean cine ht Apne rece a the eves flowing tts seks of Diplo die reap I as er ete thc pssge contig cet Sdbadoe baton sent he pos oa nes). wich Appa ens In the Soc 99) ay oping ree ‘Powers asians he hen mires mip) ené which ‘ern at dal yy repli ov Jalen ny be bes, be a eosin ued oes A ian nat os rote ieee hisses hn cara Prosadly manatees db et as aie a beens he word Seddon Nectar phd tor esha this te and nh san evan prs an mare mo ose tay his eb fiers toed fr bs rane ans psa ian From Apps evi po ith os elo ne yes inpusb corse thing reso aes hi suc) ecient poa oto Dake Kiley, 2-204 (Sif, 20, 96-960 Cons opt 2. je in, ie, 2-25 38-44 Gig, Tamia rates 8,Lov me oan in wht ay eke coin one fom SSuoucaepoualafcuse athe the, wat bombo the fie He tapers as made pose APPIAN’S DEFINITION OF ILLYRIA (ILLYR. 6) AAPPIAN’S EXPLANATION OF ILLYRIS AND COMPARISON ‘WITHTHE GREEKS In the ith cape, Appian explin he ane Myris tem of the entenporry sige, biel sesptalating ext lade i cerned el Wo the counties in wich he Ilan cestom- dy (pbc poner rc) wat lei, The fc that Appian mesioncdicnets hat was weil ound wh ‘he Roman franca rpnizaton hich underandsenvew of his procure torial os aloo he pcb id not ata nese Gee iedasty staple Ca AD 10, afer the cvisin f Tec into Superior, ‘wat called publcun porto lr! urinsne, Hower in the tend cok {ary nder Antonis Ps tbecame nite with prvi poe Trains "ht tine plicum oro yc actualy corpse oui fom theres ofthe Daabe the Ponte Seas Appian expe estate 9 tke the tno of Casi Din who wt hat "the mame of ic Ba once ‘eon attach to ote places, Bt was ater rare the Rr he ‘ans abone Macedonia and thas erin of Trace hick ctend the ner side of Mt Hocus aed near Mi Rho sted Bee ‘hes vo meuntsin chains andthe Ap, bats the ters domes and Ineo fending a for as the Eine Sea aed x paces even crs her (1, Za $198 1 2Ddugmts tua nih ps dv Daag neni, Boney i oe iw paradise nal Une Manabe Toe Soba se fey oe ‘lus ai vip rey Pati) Se Bi al ‘Mase ral 4 Aho nora wal 0 Tram wn ab Bobo me al si eben ra "re sare) Thera ao cys olaed Dax ‘ail thes pevincs tat were pat fm adon oh thee provinces De ‘ere Rati vee stat unamigeous, beste star Obemale Mere longed tote Cale esos tem DECAY Galan), Nr, Paani ‘rica ners; af Ta, ve oto pone, Dal ‘peri, Mos, Superior nd Inferior. Te same proces | gy ian provinces in ager units or aro dinate proses alo elected ‘in he orpmiston oft, as inst by the pot of Ft of whee NEE rec 0 8 em re tr PaPanniers ot Mose sper Nori (CUL 6018 +p. 1288 = 18 1560), The important sate highways crossed many ones, an thi owe ‘was dob ela oth yng of toms tb mat oa le rom iy nmol and Mocsia via Naum (ihe Cela ere) Notes, this proces ca ‘lan be eevee amnion fhe mortar mies a ecu ‘Nonethses Rapin Nocona Racin well aways been etiey spare frmatons sr were or prt of lyin prope, sce hate ware ‘eeu ete same canons stem. Son ofthe inbabams of he province of [Noumwere Cae std had oly bee ete nthe eastern Aline eon since ‘he fourth cemury BC hey ha party nse the aston population, Ci masons rest hangs the ei tuson nth alkane tetndarses reacted he very extern iran of Dalmatia” Mos fortron wat ‘Ceti: te Sorel ociped «hn erry ato expense of the suococaas poputon? and een an nigenous rb suchas hd boc he aps cae be ow, according to So, a amit lia ad Cote poop (752 © 313, Inthe ese acetic of Celie penetration cane be wholly exe a ‘tough Celesaeaces seem eas reelogill tae bees ofa speci acter and ot partly disinctine” Mont proba the Celts never sete South of the Sa inte mtunanoeshimeand rgins afthe er province of "Ai the mention of thera css sem, Appin remarked theta bo ad leay state nthe bok on Crete fr throne Cs?) ~ head ot bet leo find mh infrnatin boo the Romar eae of hes coum be auld nt disover “how he Romans conquered he lit and what xa ware ‘hecaues nd protec for hs wore” Hewat aware th is knoe Ilya ‘toy ws very imperil’ smowhat nmin othe oak se canna be expned with comple ei. Howeve he os oak tied ellen an lone, which bem ou aso eed the history of Cree, The ‘esson fr hirer concerning Ivins ot lear, but possi was the ate Smita activites ofthe Tyan Greek mater dating hte of Deets [BC 400 lian, commanded y Plt wor Pip to Cele whee Cos ‘us wamid to achieve hepeony over the we eld (i, 4.582). A tore aul expansion perhaps tht Appian ign refered othe Cie this "Di oman may 30 lg, eg, 4 Bae, tipo nan a ml oe of We es ek edn ae 2g 7 ne “ij up, set aca er {Bese ce, tp Ams brmenoor tah) ses inet a ee Sooners ce Zale circecvaeedcmanl es Sete cca ceo seuecuaee te Soren Dow Lanvin comin ei i eh of ‘meen ona om coe‘ndrnaton conti in Devens Latin anion of Apis: cum de Cal ‘Sscriberemus while he aerate ending "com de reentasaiednthe ‘nonaton tts macpin Fig 13) Howeer, Maras argued is have tien a conection by cops who couldnt fad uything abot Crt in te ‘ons of Appian ene oi" “pa aed tte Iya peoples were dered in 9 Sil maex he Gren ileatted th Geos cach people called by isc eae bt eptherhy areal onldre eng in bis ay be nla ‘crctundereaning of Apion en fim Farin sparta sige, mena generac ent, ml is conxpion as aaeced By a ‘instaterepuaons, Th companion be modo rather singied th Beenie [Goi an vanes enna bond or Kinship rong vars Grok popes, Seat al ery oases ant ebangod through ie" While inthe sx erty BCs ws comldrod as bei predanian ethnic characte, twa ar con ‘Svein rms fale. The nh ofthe recs as ruled by Herat inthe ply athe Atenas the Spartan ney fare ate of Sata, wen ‘heSprta eae ht the Athena might conte soparatpsce wah Xe “The Atenians did ths post by emphasing thir common bothetbond with the Greeks thi comon langage, alas and saris, a well as aed stm ad sons (1442) ott hovers writing at ths begining the fourth onary BC, med that “rhe nome of Home sold be applied per Sos sharing thelr ae tha he any he Greeks" (Pane 30: al ae EA Secale qr eg, eis “i dries ss aedeagus) The ea of common Ten ure tat exraed iol sain totes mantis nthe (roc anu, ached speak duiag the Hellenistic ge embracing Greece ad (Grot colonos om he Plas of Heals (ema Herel, iba) ote Plsck Sena the Meson Gulf region. An enc poup 8 a0 defied sp as af bong, isa socal pou, bon gether ys generally accepted th of Sed kent a inp an sented wis noi ery. These nthe pa ‘Say “obec th denon ofan eae ous oily cones ‘Sd undertod subjectively Far Sum Benga sate apr ya wi ‘hanging boda, conse fom seve eventa eres, ane of whi i ‘tcely importan Tes rn asl genetics angne, lin, nd ‘alr lof heh pay nga le dons tic en and ese ic imortsn syle The liane were viewed as sich ie the ose, ne ‘Wi pln, 9 af ali, oie 986 Ro ty 20, War, Get Ror, 200, shia ah, Sane | | | | | from within, ths we oy Hv an exter opinion of hi ‘icy that wl ‘ely is leo do wth ence inthe proper sense of the wor. The ae was ‘Bcreigl applied wo cover erga aber note an ate ed fo sine ‘etve easons end dignted witha common mane “Consent, when Apia Shite tht Te Roma conser varias peoples ‘yin mt sae ya the Grok comsigre aro pols a Gree ‘bough tow pope dtr ner arate fom one atthe and ech tees known uncer sparse ashe was actly ot erect Mot probaly ‘ns words th commen opin of i a, whoa eally peoples oer ‘iret ctniky wee uted within the bound of ve th st prove. a ‘Grose, borer, the stuton Was a great cal iret. The Gress Were une ‘oto by dese language (sural tet cts mee spoken by die ‘x peopl, and bythe elt th, bt mow ofl eae Den pins to {pte tne of blngig ts common clare ad lation, Ween hu ay ‘escent Appa compari it oly Very super i at ai a ‘Yer quasi wither een contompoaic ay ts who fd es a ‘wold epost then whe county wich onl Sows at cs he eae With pian were a all wae of the ety coos we th wate ses ies, SOME MODERN ASSESSMENTS OF THE ILEYRIANS ‘The crt of esa Lyra eosin change ths temas ye ian, pesado you were ndesoed ina iret ane by he ‘niet athe hvebee rou vated madern chi, 0 wold ‘pombe to reer to numero ae ols pal rcet a wel cee, ‘pions, However, posible rel oa om, nwt lows ana "Epil mace to ute the peobiem eil Uking i cout he ren of ses ro the mses century awards ewe a some Injen enter works” Te yan question eae ulation ia Pile is, wah ete the peopl fhe Ureelé rca cua tought Kepaiet mona on he tien: Sparin,1957 Frr cto, 96 supte Mya Bisa ee te Kren BBs Cay. 19 Suny 1, Wien rn, Ss (eos er, Roen Mi, inl ae 20m se ct nhs you nnd Ain emis 2 erg Win a says papa En anaes era, al 5 eo ss pf ging ce tiene ef utr tes rnien pwn cela ed icra tt Ps ty SaneAre ence bah Avis Binenocr tae 6) i Rajon oll i ie oy a wl ie Eom bey cae an rin i bd aur i ier poet” HKrahe considered a Tyan ite eames scr niu a deed Appian and Cassio Damas ist sey Kai, dct ona, 16, DG-TTse ao wo mea acti emcee: on pa prey 9 ean, ead 5 TEE cp Nr in 0 Sin Kee refed toby ker Raman writers th nt pit" Hs books a sae and ‘hose oA. Majer parc hwo okie me Mis langage realy intencd all colar who coceroed teres withthe hstry of the Bala Soy ater he bition oe boos, lo wich Ress monographs se Sache ‘lich, "So, yo bode on, 7,6 prac 198 owes te reve eat,os Denar um a8 adc wich in many mays Rave ot Ben elie ide pesca more ‘odes and cago ops bean To Be Heard and othe Ginn’ wee fropore oases the gras” Much depends on bow thee ‘Uy am {sod in ach parc cs, and consequent lento st sight aly ‘ln deftos may be cere f rope expine nd arsed ‘Rnb conchins fave sips been throughly Yvised, ae many pbs comming te genes, expansion, and cloizaon of aire an peoples ‘ere sone in deat Whocreraempts define the oto of yi as oak into accounts nbe fictr. A comity fst anda eran, Cootimity of arnaclgal etn grape ne conta! Halla, Dalai sd ‘hana maybe raed fo the Bronze Age cas, whic certainly a po fan ct P30) The ity of igri sed in several shay tien Ing ses, wih the fit ning the laps of be Myint, my br culo ines of eying lime of tribes abd peoples of comin of iar etn: bckprund spatter langues, No dou rious oar lin people seh ate Alta, Bylions, aun, Partin, yee, nd ‘ther aoe a cera epee of Heletzatin, bo on actus ofthe omen ‘ner wih Epur andthe names of Grosk clos along te cons, ach a: Epvanines (Dyeachiu), Apolo, Orica and pethps Liss nd tthe te “Grok towns he lands of Cay Malan, Pras, and bers Strabo veeatona retary vets Be Eira sn soe lisa peples tise %0). TT 'W. alban, the autor ofa commectary 0 PoySus in te volumes, de Siete yin of the hd cetry BC nth lowing way. “Tian ae ent the Gees oa group of peopis who, inte hn emery, cep {Tae 0 te sobre a mex prt of be Baan peninsula bea che ‘Acroceranin Mowtin (vkish,aecerig o Pach [Photon 24) and ela {254 const ne boundary of Gres) The ames of oer event sch po peste Known at he ist covers on pray na dott ee some ‘lenon, Around he hind cory we an tng ve importa soaps ibe Aura, ne Dain and he Adc (Sabo, 756 518) How "ote lt oe yn un wee asc y Kini, tan 8 iyo 9 igang 64, up rma Wo. Si, Pr ‘ee bath ope Ml Pind a son {Sig Seale Home utr, RMB ni Legnees 17; u Soi s,19G aoe, portman ss igs, es 9 ef Sl Ko 8 ic aso 13 Dee amen, ect my re Age coment eczema Seg ern Pe vn, 1325-326 2 Ch amon ia 86 (Sha 198). Aris Danmar tise dum 6) ses to A inl gs ee i wee heed han Pi i a fer os omen nd tring onions aa ‘ny ao dice he snails iy af Pape eer aca ers sey cnr Sea he Se era he hight mma of ro of ih he Dad res ed htt ero esheets (1 Aas So ge tna ins bs Bion sti ibe S mr aa en ced ef iran we Dake te irs hcp ties an es (Geet id rn tt sills a capes Duara ™ Pap, ems Hama Dery, 195 (Sa)Ar Bocce am 8 Myron castela..This ea nde at originally the Myris were» Fae etd rau of pope aed tes Te problem of who was Thea tnd wb nut scers ove Seen complicated and ms havent been ety cee ‘onto contemporaries Wilk ed iste tbe ynosthat dap ‘herpumonis oF, Paazag” te erienecomradted the vw tt the pe maples wee organise oa single Tyra sat Jo his opinion NGL. nnmama viw athename rin” eal belonged oon romp ving ‘eons Dyan ang Sera nel conning 3” ‘THE ONOMASTIC APPROACH ‘Netto thing own bothers agua: in Hesohits che oly one ond diol se Ulyran, ileover hand ae dined x Macedonia! “a at nly ret ifeencs in ne tia ute fad pepies, tural athe tomy and enomasis" Practical nothing but pesona and ssceipilnames have emis of Dem ad t may ot een be eases ‘nether the jin guage (or, beter, Mio lingusgs) slong oe cer: lm stom lagu gop, ahough was omsderd By P Reticle 1 fave toons sterlngage” Ifthe ner gps were ta, Wook na tha yin diffe fom most ofthe ober Eropen langage, ch a Grek, {tin Venti, Cli, nd German but would have been akin o Thon. yr. ‘an igus ax prs ty Kee ands boa ave os mich of ei ‘So taity sad feo lenge safe o deve ay meas Man, cay ‘Sten er neo the suheern reine ~ at mest a Tia pC, co nist Tonos sais of B-Kabé are imprtm in whish ea ‘emp io dln dst onomaste egos, one of which ome he yin ‘me ad inthe ethene regis of te astern Adri cous and itiand the ony group my Be dio a ian ere rm the ‘cul rit sd Panneian, a well as oem date ones repos. ‘Rend Miri hi shown ta he Libra, who hed oily 1 bee lenge othe yas ae vier from the wes of eary rec ggrbas ‘sh as Pouce Svan and ae: Seynss (peu Apalidoras of Ath") “thir onm speife parol mamesoscuting very rarely ouside ti "pannus 9 2 non gn B06.25-22 (ert, 99, 1108) St mom 197 Ope. 980 "Rect ta Kate cet ana 16,16; or postin of hing dt nicteenceprrar T18 Ying Mie, eos ie 100,38 1 Ais Prmenonor bah) ston, 2s wall aa type ofa semFRomaniaed ona orm fee fom ‘eis Ac ae prety sae ha discovery was the end the Sone Sot of univ yen nthroponymy” Fig 5," soon bee cee ht the Liban names were prt ole aoe Aditi not oe Re lt Oates 195-9, AS eae cn, i nnn Sa A, Nordnkatchoi i af pi fot ae gues ken in rin ee rte nh Gene tind hci: ne whi ai inched sina Vat names” Kats fined the Delt Panboiononomesti syste as nln the crits of he Delae et the Taped, swell a he eins of he Foner tes bt oe oath de sth ofthe Sava The Panevan popes were acsrtng to So, he Bre 5 Andizees, Does: Piste, Maca, Does, a wel same unknown ‘alr ies (732.C31).* Ina trond sens ofthe Word, ete ws oda some ‘ty betwee the Demat uh Panna popes ining ths hte ‘Dana ad southern Lower ansons och a he Amati ther ty ‘wld no have Ben ll iain he cntrpeacy sures fo Vel Prec onwatds”Dardasonpersoa mes show specie characterise ht se ifereat from tbe three mestoaed enomasic pug, Some fhe nigra "aes esters Daan re jin end sme Delna-Panonin the former Sous hve bon speeded by Ds annoian aes. In csr part o> Datdnia the names se pein Thracian Howeve, depts lth ts, ier be died, as wos pets) remare by Kat thaw prose le new ofthe Iria ibaa bad een ben lieved (Het weir dere ier lai Volk nd bere Space estado weg lan im ersten ‘Asn shen eo wiser mine") = THE ILLYRU PRopRis DICT ‘ne ofthe probes is indgod tht ofthe eine fan oii, spryrons {che had tere esr been a sing tbe cll heise sae sn he Yr eplaning ofthe wage ofthe ame by ance wes the wo bas the sein ot league tes? Hovever, he very mention he Ilr prope dt a Poor ‘is Mena Misy most probaly sade exinene (Mela, 26: Parte ‘1 Dawarte pia tenon: sequent Takats Enchiow, Phases. Den sent ‘uo prop ron van: am Prat Lib’ et a iy. h3 ‘Sonamaue ro (em Epdauran OTs fer abet, Seed Rai San. ‘et Grabocpropeque det Ihre Talant et Prt tint moma). Te Thetis also nite tht slaps nomination,» prs ro ft wy a large sto sa wel-Laown general phenemenon, Toston example inthe ‘cy aentely uninpora abu she oe Grace! gave aso the wl oF Gress reeting the Roman point of view Howevet the i propre ete reg a geo, Dordenma, 9 Kab Fchunge, 1964, 5-8, EEE fener a ihe coremtaie SEAT iesen. 8 lst may so bean obscure eminent once poser yan Kingdo.® fra erence fo the King of Apron and Teta, congue by tbe Roma a {Es Be, and oth Roman otetort etabinhed er he allo Tea" Tn any ‘Gomer trl fcte them, ad Piny até Ma, somowhere alert ‘Suthern Adria cone “Acordig o Pliny, bey were stl nthe coments of Nara, temoly tetncot Epa Lt the ist ona erween Ora mercado ‘hlones en oe and ath iba oF ops Wich as er be wn under the nae yr lion the tbe cou hae occurred sone, tong the outs Adve ene ado somentre th initio. As as tess ptt out by. Maton, Ping may tave et oat a fourth conven in al ‘tae menting he, with ener Seadom, Sloe and Nason) lod {nthe sothern Daman repion Sho soggesed pian ss posable eas, fu fret supowe ht ito erp oh errs of th mer TY ian Kingoc agate bythe Ropar 168 BC nating Noon as 2 Roan (Slory tnd seit he hid ud! coments, Pliny eteed to Varo 8 Src, esording to whom $9 ctr aed reso a vais ain ie and jdhal we (310) 5 Cae hypothesized ft fe Noosa, ‘repens tat omsinedunmaned ut lowed Dalat, whist itu filed Hata, apo and iturin Ini opin, howe te No rena regon he il i sri) ay hae son wt iia ica. Piny scams to tne wed the nun scum nh early Rous meaning of te trv lo when deserting th enter Adria ands, Whe fein to Carey ‘igs eatin hat Matte we Beton and rca Ch 315). Ee ype cul be dtended wisp arguments They depend cee as ‘hfnsonof te Deas acing i depen one yan igs, wn the ‘io Rn cnsdered ahve bon the norhwostrost fri fhe King dom hich however, snort nay ear, Ver an Play il pope {Herr coud ery well be lot within thls Roan cum, ‘Acanthopale of Pad Sea then othe jin would I extended ent of Be c,h athe Cones" This ne fiona hve peered ett and peta th ot mato data abo te Toeton othe cy pins, Thin daa sero bein conan the infos ‘ten gen by Poni Mal nd Pin, bower tic bv expand inter ‘astral decent andthe pi growth oft yan Kingdoms. Fem ir ‘vigil dling, varius Tyran peoples apes slog the ouhenser Aiic one inthe dieton othe norte: Wii he Souther rian peoples, tas living en th Macedonian horde, a wl thon lng the cos, ad BECO he erate tine Celie Daina, 2004 acculturated ough bring intense om he mor elped oun co. "is inthe course of enue of mal conte nro yrns no dob ‘er preserved the oii Way of i. Th shold be serpin those Were eventual sociated wth the athens an. The mont pai planation forthe lori propre dt sun ob the wseition Witt AON “Eingo: posh the ame teed bose lian forming te ee ote Jan Kinglom unr Ags er Perso dr Scones vd bs das sith whom he Romaas cae st conaet nthe couse the hee bia War ‘This wold bes cortespend with Malayan Py’ sate vag desion of thea propi ce (P33). we = ie fda Qorr oe i Aye 2THIEILLYRIANS AND THE GREEK WORLD “Te ysins wore ot welbkaow nthe Grek weed because Grek colonize son nth ester Aditi coat wa eter ey Lined tne ® Nowe 5 ‘ya the eh century BC he rst sori impored Grek obec thy pesos of mln ego ave beze dace ithe terior oe western stan with Corman ptery slong the cost rom the ssc bal of he ‘uh century swan, pul eXchange exer Between the Gros rd and the Luria od stan ator, a ante bythe of Grek a ‘ey twas types and regsns”Epstumnan (ter Dehn) wos Funded ty Cavinh nd Coreen 6256525 BC acading Io Eusebis’ irom) nthe Feeon where te Path and Tala wae sts, ané Apollonia. 590 BC, Ty rey in the erry othe Taunt The Gress were probably eeking ‘tals and oer ow eaters chee, Helentaing to some et the In ‘eit atrd of hel steents, which were in het trn infect by he {ndgens population,” As ates we honed years er, Dios of Sac faded clones north of Fianna,” sobs Lsus ea. 412-40) BC (Dil, S133) and im MSP%HS BC spore te Paras, wh founded colo 00 the blot of Phar (Bin 15134) The Can found ome is a ny ‘omen of Cosy Maan Nig (Kort he monde Bc Coney, {© dstngush io he Corian Cory), known fren Paeudo-Seymms "21-18 Simo (75 $C 319, ap Pliny OV 315), woh bs not yet bee ea ae herder own of Kor as rset een sagustd asa ste" Teste of the Crack own of Heal altete ome Cl minted x in th Per ph of Pa Seat (2) also wkowt” peruse py beso nthe {fmm ard o Bc at ht ot ft sine wore ou re” Dias the Elder may ce may at have falls on the and of te sae as ‘ot meron in Diadora) Ther seems tobe evdece tata Grek co Irunty hd lead exsed ons some ed yeas erie” Is nr ot ‘olen 9 Carr Mgr a Lamborn, andl std he man at pion {in Taga Geek siesta ave Ben ore amos han ml Gi fens i Gs “et mene 2008 2°28 Gren Colao, 92-198, in as Gre 208, 1 Sone er ype, eu ret fame gs 7 Sa 20 ‘Session 1966 (973) wesc wos ae ce Armee hse 6) sed both the snd" anon te nnn, and Py th Eder ned hat Uphs tine "the memory of many rec cites ade Wh 3.) To npc oF {Greek eizton inthe easter Ada ans be to tere fey ae tin eras ar coinage and ei, ws a ee" "The gt of Cas and Horm lo Sons eva tha he rst cont ‘ean th to chan must ve Deen estaba lng the coe Buhne {the Roman Buta, resend Baa) wa efit unde y Cad od nly ater allegedly sso Sounded wn ath inter ably Uschi hs eee bees ated tha the undo Cad nd Hari eta he a ote preyrnn eps nthe outer Aditi ad thereon oh of Maco nad Epi, whee Encl ser tha bee rodrant Cran ey "He among the Bint peoples mentioned by nae a wha sve af een ot atest source fhe stor geogrpty of the Adis, Camu allege ame Uebel the cl: be sac of the invading lyans Pade Ald, SS4cef Moods, Sh. ‘The Mins tat undoubey ave conquered some ttry within the ‘cic Kingdom, whieh cas fo be cil ys The yan re ist tina in Hecate (FOP, 10; 93-97) and Hert (1196449, seen. 17 an 94) nts pessage, Herodotus ered he ian Vers (dep sere) who cant be considered the parte Adee Yenc A Such a ay dae (th century BO, would be soil impose tha hy people oto not ofthe Tats Retr (Kea) etn the Nao cul Be outed Sang the “ian poops, sce Bete the Fs yin Warde coe of lage lsum bed ot even ext only those pore odie mee So ‘dered lyin who belonged vrous lian Klos einly knw he (Graces hoa ir wars wih he Macedo kings. Al be Wena nee never considered i ate ban lias Herod yin Vn mint og Sone ite hietslnd of te sother Adrien The lyin ser ttermntoned y Tayi, it. 2-2,sng tothe lian, alt ‘nthe inevand of Eplammas: oro, Bair Enawr Tash ‘Bigdagn, dug fn) Ars snd Dorey, who pve niet sok ‘agaist Phi IT among the Iirins an Paco.) Pate tat an afi cure, an Athenian ret wih no-Grek King ge Pillip I studing the Tein Capers Poems Lyppenn an gran Gt bus (Diteaberger 196 enna ASpain ls Kenge a ‘lig ts wa Ss Amro rp Uaioe a! no aon ni Dag) ‘Gans, Cab, Hayes, Kirin, Lech, Vu, Htori, 202 ppt es pt is ei es can Cl, 200 a Ger Cami eh, 20, “ai Ener, 17 rc 98 ee Cada 983, tC j,i? Wi ran 198, 93-9yin’ st be darted ein te same ese sacra ant Tai Sng acclaim, The inc of Ti Pn searing paint Pipl ako snowtorehy Doors (6253 mk SR te at Bua siege flr rn, 4 Te Opi ‘aR a eng rete Po oa asic tb Andina sty fA, on of Pra, Tet ed Fic, terry to ce ange Lae), ely ‘eronm inte py of Genin, tha sa Eg srsee te Macedon atest and Oh centri, te Grek wes sete hype mst fa lal oro aug an hn et ‘TErToqle'n ote pone Han King) See sped they Muda Mtr ncresing, Manne, os war scan SERS nah he cess had on from Herons end one Serre ad wr inde ne ene of Gees by os of he rsh ‘Shen tn ome Teds nnd ht the nit ce Se Ma (Ses ng Poo nite Lacdssonsn commander Babs ant he Bape Lysan raecs the bine ls. ster Sve eyed Pec wtb ce wip wa viturQ1244-125. Jas hecomtemporsi ne Tite Lyons ware yaks Kao wo he ans wee, erie Th {Hie won ayeitceden aoa esi. Thelin thet ‘ee Bug, aos Chit Cli re may own tough bo elias WibRe chs sms on king Arye or en ey nade Mae Genin 303 and be elope Dod. 14923 8 hearer conac Faeeeae to kinds ar vtdocomest batterie th yran wee se sincl teers ov Macedon Home tr Amys tals he nag fthe yan yt Stas Aa soe Ps lot Ns na ete bre sett he ins ns ethers, Pp Gwin et ie ging of asi wo ithe As ee te eros deh, Pip comp psa hag Pears. Akar ‘Scat og puto pele Lng, Coan Citi be ree oscty yea hiya rect eps of Halton ie te ce lr dpe f sol erp n earperson hh ter he ‘Stn pncl oy wee schlieren eres ad Meaty acs enn hn ges fret, ens ies sand hz bone gis nd ree samen 5 BC (An ‘tak 3 “Fee ya wasp gs tc erp of pols ese ingnte mor eft aon oft rr ep he Raia npr Pau ries 65 Rai Ant ange, 176,18 ew ham ast acta Cat, fa ins, 12Ct tan ng oka Hockessin ones Damask 6) may be consieredyrian wich isin onrstion with the daa in Herder (44, hang information on Hest), wh eae ingres Rr fw Ingo region fhe Iran re he oth and lingo he Dan ‘la which woul i earespond othe Souther he Western Meas, {othe fac and the Wests Masta: hre he Tall wae cle mt coed Myrian (4495 Das ar ok oe Sona yes ore Soa is ob Tadd) They ae exp rere 1a ot being Tyan by Sabo wha, an imerening pose mand tees ponertl ipa people the Ata Autre a th Din, ing by bist al tse aon with tes he Gale al Saif! a el os the Thacian a ad ently ot ht vous great power (756 C315), Mote tnd tre pees nds were eventually Gane Iyran he name extded batt te inerior swell as hoo the ons rte Suen the rotons, ths in Ea teshae th notre igout ofthe yas were te Nexnaibe wla ‘nd sete slog the ower nr ofthe Nests Rivers Cais) on he sland ‘oppose he ind of Tor (Scola n dp Rho 4125 el Eeaerras {PToneaseior one era Wages Neri a os reoyOigs Mat Beare) “i eles sources conning te mast ixormaton tot heya peoples despite te corp et of he omar ae he Perper Sey compte en 380 BC (GCI, p26 9, ply probaly dependent on Hess, Sos thr da arent soni, and seus Seyinaat Pres of sed emury BC (GOI 1 21). After Cl an he Ve ia ater ay oe ‘he Hist ad the Lib, cking a rte Kates Rv (the Tits te reset Kea) Big inate Ada ner Sarton = Ska) Soh te Kika River and Sei Bay bi colig oP Seyi 22) theta iv the ulin, HN nd an exeding esto te Naro Rr fa The Enh ae wereal dine a Ii, ply ins nner ‘hetero ofthe ans weve begun aca. he righ et st of the Enc extending saan the Chace te ips tee Ean nT bys ar eect ihe utc sory of Cad nd Hac, tbes Ing in history ahh at allo em may be regu lyin nee ethnic resent Inerplatons a eu Sy, wh defn st pols Between the Katrbars Tus and Le Mego (by to Bt tt aus Late Ligeti Shodan Lala lyase ery ater nesting tht Mysims acquired yoga eto. A as Bean ‘neon sme of ho suche lt mn ve alongs sth peas ‘brat and wee sued y the Lenin he cone ti sete he Ai coast andi inkns, Ft a 55, 2S de, 8 Pet el, 1728-29; sme om iin he cap smtpvats Deno. “THEILLYRIAN KINGDOMS AND THE ROMAN CONQUEST ‘The fi can conquests ust have teen te origin of th Inter yan ington) Tyan wh od bob atedy boas dhe very ea ting ofthe appensace a rock hoc! and geoprapical sures age ‘tbe ily connected bytes of asi, gradual expe tthe expense ‘the omer ialitames, thang esas the om kinglom() ~they took oe theo of be alin King. Gradual ne comes odo enabled "tem o fund sevens. By the ih cery BC te ian mst ve bce one othe ment act powes in what wat ier knowns soubere Ilya, No wonder teint ir ame Boers epeyous fr amber | ‘ghbourng ribs who wre oy sly eed wo them "Whetbertisposblonerpet te rin knon) wan ins mere corlesecompacfetion, ae ott) wi estan coins eelopmet hd serine onettons, 8 as bn agi F.Papuzgh sil pen {edcarsn Sore schol slaty NGL Harimond and Cabane" ween ‘ovine ty Ppacol' arguments, bog sme of he dou, parry Hanan’ one th deelpmet of he yan Kings ot ees fein vow of ar anaes. The ete of sig lan Kingdom would r= “appose aman strength whet ste ate wighbourng Epo, Paci ft Macedonnn, 2 pony even Trai, stats Som ove een more ble nso hermits and goog. The # may nooetls be us ‘edo poste te ees of seer Iiyan kingdoms Tne, the constant ‘hing ces of power an cone in the cous of dirt al Peoples inet: cersin vigor and miary pte. To sek any hind ene [iy ina formation bearing he name ily scr uncertain sis the tin in poe lainey ily ve te elghbourng eons, mate ‘nepek of ste alinkee, The lane ara pgp one ‘tna mt fa uerary opr onl, rosy fom te fury em [BC sb wll aint eat oe, ot wo, aera epi oe Corer fom te ‘hind sory BC Tass of mre ole compat tpl fain 2 lot in sant gery aq, nat pecserved inte eg of Colman soni, i the hioral Tyan sate Uwoughoat fs exisence neve et [raced the sume pope sade ste eons One oar es! dat aid ‘uo alert ues ovr ler ars he ame la’ weve Wh wes ‘Maco them, cone the nga a ing a cola et ‘al unty toa modern observer a eo but perp als to contra Yet iteanot be denied and tines sresed by Papaaogh tht he om Tt hapa, gc "mod, Be St I, 1983 Chee tro, 18 Ren to ma 9 amore Donen or hms 6 inom race politi iy With cern ie, whi in be oa of ‘story bad seed impor nl prestige” “The kind of eter hat he Romans ead af he all of Teta in 228 BC, none part ofthe wriory former ening the il shi shld ibe remnde ste origin of Roman eoncet of leu. The nn rc ocumested epeapicly nthe Fas irsapaler Capon or 28 BC hate thermal vetry of Ch ui Centumals ied ser eT ps TE, (CLD p. 13: Cn. Pubs Cn. f Cn Centumats DIAY pra cote) ee ari vlan) ep Oune). According 0 Pastis the Romane shed he A ‘ot and received several embasesoferingsrrener, among ther tao he Partin ond tone” 2.11010) ang tt Tot ithe frome oa xcept fom fw place (2123), Apis mma the ay ae dh Fa Iyran War as lows "The Romans replied hat Corey Pharos Ia Epidans ‘andthe Myra pone of he ita’ woe areal aero of mae ‘ha Pines com ein he romans pat ofthe ation of enna Bere ‘Frond ofthe oma people unde condone su wt atempt ee ‘he abe mentioned poreson” (121 The Perth wre lated seth of yr {hu in te ale ofthe Osan iver Shum the ns st robe {hy tothe soma of Apolo teen Bite valle of he oa River (Vat ile th oesto oft subd Ata! numer so the ‘extant of Pine’ Kingfom After th ist of Perse he southern art of I ‘sas acted othe pwc of Maceo fourth prt, meri ile te Iyisubdord ater lf Gethin 68 BC ws vie to ie paso he or of (Livy, 422615) Al subequet Roman cen is othe ath usta eos dhe DalistianMteran, and net, fh ae Paonia ‘hn were grdully added Mile Amine mumber of ibs {nd peoples among hom thre eo sine coaacnswinsove a he ase of the Libary, wee incided in yea, and were elle Iya! ey Tr this eso. Cre an Latin wr who wrote pti afte the eenton of the tector’ of cum nthe econ erty BC oof wh prov {nce of lsricu wi rable some ine nthe it ceca BCs props Ur Ces, ba mae probably undse Ostaia August)" wed the nae isc, ‘inns, nd Tin merely in tems ofthe geogrhilaradinaine ‘spina of hc Haan, sce set deal the mths pat he pe ‘sls belmged oli Dien pn of develo ae ltd a ‘iret wees” 2 Bug, ome 18 = SS Cae 0 20.246, Seabee Rt Fs 209 29255‘THE ROMANILLYRIA, “The name yi a ed by Sabo i ls second book, a vey supertiily| lene toon wa node wa ond gegrphial orem. Hess ht “ne onion Bay apart ofthe preset Aras on tight hr Hi is tay up ou 51 Alla wee he border tows between Kalyan Iya @S20€ 1236 Ug we gg Evie 0) Rls Foie Bp Ds sbue Voe rc np Plc 4 ra nan 8 wo ‘oF rs Ann) In seventh boc he dserson of Iya me pes: ‘our stein on th pe sacs of the Adri down oe Rian (Gita th sous of te Arc, etme the fs and he Pastors Peoples (S331 Reaen @) 9 ed vo ya od Ng arene ge ee "PGotad nS nei He dain re 6 D0aay te pera rere Hs {aides ai ne Taovon Ii see avo Appa, Hh 1 uth ce psa ‘of Casas Di, 12, Zn, 8198) Sabo elected betwee te Mana Parroion peopl, betmcen nich hee seco have ben considers aro Jal toons tc ater wa ante bythe Ul ela! ros, wie the erie) devon fh former was enone by he atc Cop ‘povand oars Ag cls atest og the Avia cas ad inthe end {Re $0,” Miliary campaign ha ben conducted by tbe Romans lay fom ‘he bates onthe linn sie of be Ait coast. AR th ounding oF Age in 8) BC, he Roman sys oper fom Cisne Gas as Some of hese stacks oo mre ded at arose a peoples at wee at ‘lad witin the prove f Urea Th Eros larry, with Noor ts importat senha a enporiom, was erly inca wihin Cage ‘Gea aise, which ad boon congue as ey a 177 BC nd ain in 129 BC; ale sere ahve bon ane ayo antratached Cisne Gal inlaw ay seth bl of Peli)” espe the ener opinon a ‘hlongd yeu” “Fis y fad onesies inte fs tha ven Libra may have bad ssp sus wii Tal, ce sre ofthe iri eamsios ae ed ‘Belonging to Regio y Ping (Wh 3130: Alurener eri, amo onus Yano of ai gnomine Cori; vee te Sc usagi Cry iar" The mei, atoemous, stats of Lima witha the ovine "mre bs ning hoch i of Bate SS oo le, Cire SEE HM, Pe 9, 2 8 ak ns eon Ams Dome. 6) N Guat eam rene ie pin te Co, gro oF Paiatia coset aly father confmed bythe fet hat at Sean, the ‘ea of he convents fb ein an Auta) Luror ete (CI In} 2s10= 28 715, ana Sens, Suro, and Ider, ard ibrar (Ufa 27; 99 [a CI 280); CHL 298. Ctaes Liban apa ‘slcsono Net, son of Germania Seanona (CHL 112808 of, 9879 = LS 76; Arras Css hed ude Commodi sem, rang her posts 4 enearan procutrlipa a province of ibn with (IE MIT ‘ep 1080» S13 = 19813 = 1.82770 +p. ele, om Epetiam ef CIE 791 14222)" Lina an pei ely bes Pout a t,o te career ofa minor fate cet, 0 is temstne rm Zen Asa GRR IV su i 954 am Pr 8 6186, On:wo erin. procuring fs ipl men inti Teno) ecm ny Pagan, 0 eis hb Ubumia (Ct 28 = = 11S Te [Do Marina re) ro) ‘estuarine per anspor brian divine site Toon, bovevc he eva south fhe Ane ier we KON serine Theil nese Piya elt er ve cnt om eta rok as po of om wee ‘3c Hint ncaa dosed Calmacas he ‘Pte owe ho bbe ts mee fee wordy of mention de nner aes prom” 3 Aap irri Stir out offame Tt, Pose ure Menor, Hina, Ech et Ben ee by Tose is Clima Pecos ppl veo ws nome lcm soca seam poplorun pas fe “iter nmin). econ he Seren fh ie ovine ‘atmai: urge ln of Asn, obey twee 18 BC (wes Ana ‘arate unin pe snp owe or ve er) an 12 BC Apr dnty, Nan oer ts Wesco sf Tesh A Ch eo mens inci ut a cecion ofthe roving flee a More's opin he prove Sie encod Sula Casa ou probe oe auigo to gcra eo ene ths psi slope Coes himself 38 Bc metre obo Calan Gul and Mya The Bs owe indepen rc am en in wr ts rn te un 0) He Ee Phpy. 5. gency vlan ft epoca reed SCS feng tas ne pttyOvaven we or um ‘ema prove ne saint ate of he md Bata Sb (7 et) {nd Guay D124 re Saas thang he seat pins icompie ae prs oe at ove of Dalai an ome pro te tecr oon his imresing thu sr Vaan (ass wen he trovics Dali uaa wes creet iu ane ene td pines eae irae ath eral be peop it ‘Sis pera iin cahor marth in ethene Dsraic {te aca inter ny he Augean gh ae yc ogra nth © dew hog yn ery nso Dalat pose co Sous eel i in i eee an eta Baa enact Costa nner Ee erarnaricpieen oa ms Dover hom tn) ‘ois was sma up ty Sacto in pass i theft he meine ha ‘Awgosts conte Pannona wd Det togees wih he ei ye ‘els Racin nde Vind lg 21.1: Dama Patron, Deli cam Iibrico om tom Raton et inde) Ihe scm pase Velen hed ta Tibarassued thetieliunyte beten ly ed the Non gos, Tacs, an Macedon 2 wl ah Dace Aa CT ot Mc. quod ie alam ogame Noicum raciam et Meda incre Dam mer num ars Haha pate permit). The est ‘mss, combined wih secon, mpees that lyre oes ems fey Inada to Panonis aad Dalmatia Which repos were at ne nc ‘fin fyrcun? Seton cold not have meant Norco ene i fom liyicu inh soon pssags Thus hs mae thesia bey canguted by te prcenol f Maced athe cose ofthe second and entries BC, which eresponded mare a If the ear vine af Moese. ‘This explanation is ako ip by Soni Second pang ad snd by “Tacitas hen Speaking of the gions rom sre the eos sad in Dalmatia, Paonia bd Moe (it. 136: Primus Otho dom ec ex. lyric mis tase en Delma ac Pannonae et Mose agin), hs boars the oman yee oi he ered por ed ert ‘ream his dvison being ken ran asco om Epa eset ‘ay Cavtat ner Dubows, dated tote Tiberian age, CHM Pt = eS 938 ‘hes suporirsprovincae Hac, reser in nase aseipin) rst ve eis bth al equa! ci fo eel src. Comseaueny, 8 ‘ew dosgston was inerduced othe newly conte pins, Whi core Spode mcs beter the cea oft ivan prod “Alerts dvsion Roan province bee are ium, ete mews plied ater administrate it ia fn, ae ig! mesons ty, publ porto rc wc oer evi arn Rain he ac sa xl tthe epaning f the eramentry oh pes Gana et ‘pearson he coins of Deis ul Aurlan wold fete sp “oF he sy ely, bur ofthe whale compl a Ilan povinst= Gia lr Be ning of Genin publ poor Mi) was wipe Uliana a asl est Magu (p13 ~ LS 902; 4 1981.74, IL 187 84D all, in Mocs Smarr Appa’ reonng logis fh Romane led he prt min gusto rion thy ave eared al he coun hh sn ‘lec ashying bee Ijin Yes awe atte oo hs wast cae ‘ine Retin Novovm ond Thrace were cert noes hens Be ‘fly nhs ine: Hower, he ase ean” rt hve cin Bs te lynne wh ns ene meanings a have apreinalely Tmo 7, 18, ‘neg som San RIV 2p TL ane te fc GA 2 SS0 Br es po FD “ArveBeenncr hon 8 cove enim ta ops weaves ir eh om ‘omni sry pees sdsocal ane See Soe treo dec an oa tay eral be beri at De rts Menno ihr nage of amr soa devel tha lh eh Sen te Dette thoes pn iw Scien alt cosa pps Sat ig det cio ne bate ni” The ing ‘Ew nat nt Roman, wh lee al nl an ex shy {ited fen plots npn, Te ogee ef oxtuaon wu ie fie! ‘Ets un ena inset nes the pope te Roan ite we cn by et ban dean sc 8 sate patent sheen ones tenth ensue et rend omen ‘Sao eed eto wo he bas Tas hs em en Sonny © fy nasa a whes smd var psf im Cttramzaon oe Usa pve ey ha eal ato thom test crn ay Sec erty gang i fom tthe peatnsee fe Ene LATE ROMAN ILLYRICUM 1 may cern bes tha this rnd designation gave way oh ne Roan scofthe wer ia, nthe igs Setns Severs, gun desi nt thay toad ine kan wl as ater the epee who eign ‘ine ery, The ea peter er Dr od a, agrees popne by Re Syme wh rete at ote TIyin' is- ‘So and mieating” "Toe enperes wee woably Maioas Thx @35-230, ftom Thre or uber Nos, Docs (29-25), fom Siar, Clas I (G68-210 and Aten (210-27), bth om nef the Damian provi Pr {Ge 216 2 rn Simm, Digltian 284-30), tem Dalal, Maximians {255-0 er Siri, Cantus Chorus 293-306, oe ofthe an Frovices sa his son Cotte he Crest O63), boa t NaS AS as Ercvctneed by Syme mt emperors rgd rm Siu (Dei, Pb, Maximinus) and Pasa Rips, amperes oa 2oe along the Daub, ‘ith ep sated ia Rein nd Osea (Maxims, Aurel, Conti, {nd psp Calin)" Te oof Heroes ius (AE TSH, RO hon be Ai Gestcha, 18;St, a 1 iy Noam, 195: Dimon "ply, ie Preven " Sym al EnpreRomon Paps 8) tae 10 93 ‘S750 ton mp7 Boman ap I, 14 undestodin ems ofc road ge of bmn yin. rig sinyo thar shoal dso sre mi hat sce Marin od ef the imperil rm habs sd nyc sw the pil of Dt, american cy totheregm hhh pou purr estate cle sin ti Paamoetaan are tie ioe cee wits ey te Tatoiminstae dvb of teenie ney Peni Mona tp Tre senate nya ane ote far pecs ened by Conte Tas lore Paonia wal cle ric sce he co Das mer part of Mos) an Macen net ere ae a "one, Neer yc gd ete ing hal ind alten exept begining of te fut ty, wien temper elon the sear in he este bl fh Exp, Glas cevaa Peso of te our omy, wen emporio e ea eee $Sooceonfson wc sons aoa ttc airing fine ervey he ane rer a ret mc We Th Sranpie,A Pm wien Seng th ee of Poca tendo ct [oman AS], usta oe Dat Neuse fox ps ipa lo ttt an eed Clare aap Tn ee ‘gna (385 AD) hone epee lium Uri reat) Sonpril the dcons Marca ing Gr) Du, we eno livin ode beget pete il oc tng wo vines of Nv, fu Pus wal te Dla, bt Wit Prevalent the dh of Tso cern Hun was Satyr ‘nd in one pote Ep How meg he emt Se ve, despre ig, and ‘ite ot east at utotnatalyegmennydeetin th ia aut (ity 915 f Tera Hila) toe masa), aicveed nb ey ‘of Bigets (presatdy Humag in Boat an Hernan) by which some Knot ‘ose stcment te ante land inh gongapia soar mat he cernly ‘boc inp, andrea tthe lice whee the dati may ave pared Nb. The deicasoncaneo pin th rod region ofan, wich sare «ant neathecete fhe cel Ha tery, Sy ech Pn, 208 20 hes, ‘cis Genscan, tee Poe ml Emp ren 172acs Daerar man) MODERN MISCONCEPTIONS, Ineetngy the mie lyin persed it the meen age. The fst hat the ae Romi Ire sete fr orth so tue mest fpresensy Sb ‘niu napa Abid rearing consequences een forthe modem Stminatetv hon of tes couse Tas he yan Prunes, comprising ‘Cath, Canina, the io of Gora Gora) and eet), sci feu litary Crom, swale Dalat, were foonde by Napoleon in 1803, and tree unr Foc le ui IR, he adnate cent at Lb {ss well kar ithe Anstin icin Lng, which de ato eed tly sixes (116-1822) losing eee re when 182 Rijeka and hil Croan [Sec len nck o Hagar! Thie wa th st tempt 0 sta th ame ye Jae to coarry ith pr of Europe, To mer Alta, howto ery ree an. ye anproid an po ‘iy eromcus tas on ovo tare Albenians wore mere ores ier (desert f te yiane™ Th as ected sever probes, se of tem ‘veut sight, sch th lina ofthe Epi peoples and bes ‘Beas swell oy he elton the Dada to the Una, siace Doth torr Epis pref the Greck weld) and Keno (ace sete by he Dando re rset the Abana Fors eso he Epos peo Pleshave occa oe comida, although cording So the (Cernins Mounts shld be etd nthe foes bteeo the tm, a rll ‘Stein conning te with he mises f Danan ioe ego he Das ‘tsar Lake gents prove Lake OB (7178 C320 which as been ‘sry acct” tetra on he oo an tht in te ate Republican petod fhm Eps nas irene pled othe southern ian ast oS, hil he me gc ec ore nd ee ore te he eins not of Tiss! Alou Epirus wes ined ocean mentioed as wregin eet from Oreee so tho ance sures (eg by Thueydies, 2805-6 where be i ‘toed the Epite Chaos, Moe. Testes andthe yin Atistanes ely meng the ‘roan and by Paso Sey, © 20 hey were usa olen so Inc in Fly, and eoroves even cosiered a th cs ani Hellas thehome ofthe cra Gress In ers ofthe mad fis he Fires wee "ins Si Pri roms 3s Ma, rake ron vn ei iu nb 1; er rien to Aaa, 8 Cab, Rod "i ph m1 be pele ey san, ames, Shain, dprenee, 7 Dei rer 18 ‘Ces dvs 0 IN Chet ties 0, uaa 8 cern ditinguited rom ther Gres reps ofthe fc tha hey sake 1 Grose dao th rec wan very ily ne undrtd y oer Grek Te ‘ey of ie fhe Epes wale eth of be eiiouring yas, Bue ‘Sten ote so = porcine of nei smash nghborne Macednin wes” Hosever, hee was s grat difeene btwn the Hl ined owas uh counts whet th aie popalaon we vg acne 10 heed taiions"F Pannpi salad the dieses betwee he its snd the Darn th ater were erent ro be Ili inthe eed see {tthe wot, they ta tee owe Knadom an throm spelic dovymens the ditrcace i partcally appre nthe see onanism” The Myris ad alwys ben east of popes andres, fen wit ite sense of ‘omnon cause; which is indsted by he profound hore ew au called yin peoples, sch as beeen he Autre and Arie) metene eg {ne very baiing of Appian’ han History (andy Sabo (76 C31), orby the iste polite! naan potions of wc iin popes rng thetic yea we Recely,leatve hypotheses have Seen advanced os the complied robe of the ABaian thogens, o which th es ofthe Din Carp ad “Thrains wee sesed" and prc the eo ke Thracian Bes Si la ypoteses had ee exes ca, bt scaring to RRatii ta mets iad until recs provenncncsive! Tho Traci oom tar ply ‘a impotant put inthe ross the fran of the meds Albin ass” Ioweve the ely 1 wo dau mere cmon and wl have to be ened intr ofthe ete yleo-Bullan state, a wel a he np ofthe Say ‘migrations Ions beaded tha he ehseaenn ofan wooed arte ly of alka ai, sms onlicated dco the conan migration and he cossegieal ising al nition of ie poplin, Screen la rh sr me eh i 1 4 iti ‘Bi Mi, mann 190, Bere 1993-97 wh cane a gna ge “Sheu ts moa, Simo Sa aps 171-108‘THE ILLYRIAN WARS (ILLYR. 7-9) SOURCES FOR THE WARS AND THEIR RELIABILITY ‘pian described te yan Wasi thee haps, 7-8 dating oe ehsgtr sweach ofthe te ars, Prp the est Becne cry the mos xan source res two wars oly: ad fr the thin he sae ea, oa, Lt, prtialr besos Poti’ tet bay reserved for tpt! ‘ji is import Because he was conenpory te ret no Livy, both teat Polis was ote a his main ome fr hs pero and bere asa th evens than were Appin nd Cassis Dio. Alhoogh orate ‘Anpin and Dio about the wars are much srr, thy ae sme gs os tae, pricy became ach of erecta several i tit te conaied ler a Poy a Livy. When asin dts abut the Mean Warn Di, ote the eure of en ofthree wars andconded hat oj scons shloby alleen ‘pines withthe dan Appian and Dj esse tae Greek stores fled radon independent of ht dered fe Pui ach of them he lng wed a diferent cnc source Whether Appia’ sure idee Trae (vo a lege aso been ed ty Pomp Tops) es wes ype 4 Dob. mast renin uaerais PCat suena» Grek sete iw ‘te history of porter Groce adhe Aragon a bees nae while Zing fr insane, roposed a pro- Ramen hsv ec, whish my ave been pendent on coronas af Pau and Dio, Aserding to Zip ry onl ave wed the same sure, since aad ht D's asus fen pt aly empl otha of Pubs. owing hs sae, Plo wad ate ‘med evra daa, which he deemed ingot or i prposess 2 Wie ‘hn sted he ef tor ana, poten that Ap’ soothe yea and Din his History were baa on he elas by Rema sa Sse Pat Went, Conan 15 4 37 comemris ‘ups! on sy conser izes ae Stet on ing, 63, bam al col maa here yan nay ea of Ly aia 35839 Cahn vin 8 2. "pe na 8ists in the second a frst cers BC hs cotiang "ome modifi verone fara epioes"* isons tome mre pale sips thet everaly he dient ee of ‘Agpanand Dio hy ctl sorta have ol en et curses) ay ave ‘te om isan sours, hora or OSHS Tso) wha ‘hee been more fs secret o Pais. The unkown hori) Sowa origin trio, wii paral th POs das been pe [evedinthe raves Appian Dis ame tee deserve ash terion Full simi sathn canbe edn th cso eet Pani Wer 4-241 Dh fo wi the main seutes ae ls Pas and DZ, Dense ‘ocean ion whic inser eee sem oe more Oj 8 ‘lene rib tothe Reman stripy bout thers Pane Ween onlay, whi bl ote shee tr he hd end second eri oa ie tes ne second cetry BC Meee ely om Pegs who ha sed Fai Picor and Pinu of Acros he trian of the Fis Pune Wa bt had tndled thr marae erly t crete is ova pcos Dit Zears cutis a fur eifrent orcsenbte ot cumin, wth whch Ps text cou be fessor comple ln eae the vet the Pi Wa yer yet, wie {te chological sauce entire 9 Po, Who eet ree Cousens yosrding wo eta cots ‘Holle wo mt ptt od infu contin abou he Ras in lbria (g39, agodtt Pobia® mere oo! be cme pri the nostro baie Inprcps ss may sem use, bh ca ews leioponry oe bse he weed a he oli th feted os war a raiir ne pgapy fe eons. On he i ad oe, reid ben based my tin tly vee in he ars of his peso Tofu peice ime of be ses Who sbsequany k wih Roman cones oft Est ty W.-Hisan E.G’ Dob es te Bes tbo metal ugue pine sok cna efing os Hota Irmo Neco pool tat le cst of wet cin ely te mee on ts bss of be nares fal hee stars Pb Apia and Dio inaling Lyf he thd war, However, Dob book remand gy cod bt ac salar ncn coxceming the edly oir ates abot he an Way tan ht of Pye wer eee ye ies Det 90, an ni sn a a or ted by Ms raion eee "is, Nea 2, 4-86 "itn ia sen wih itn yin es ar Ti ie "tsb Cr tent Dr 1986, 39-20, Se Ma arn don ro 185,951 “pana Sa 8 568° Tarkan Wa hn 7-9) ‘lars wh apsed yin afi sch a Waker (KE Paull A. Le i Stoo andar ineng osama pe ma Sherptton Paton ed ising tn 8D Noreen ag ‘res st ath Sind Po Wt Ra Hs img hon cd ora lr Sion eat ‘eel mer eo Ri Rn poh ‘scion jot crim oh okey mein neon Eh wioulaio coat onan Fe. 55 Miner roy bel XC Hal Ei, 6628, fe ocd, 9 ee: pc rR 28,"he commen i strstr in th flowing wy, Afr sort rac, cli war ity deeb on the a othe mt deed oars, Popa forthe aan the reson an Livy he ie was. Tis de i ‘ers ao any posible confusion een ha re ode cnjuts ah Wht {the sta neration fo the source. Ae hat, te Parent ae i Appian ‘THE FIRST ILLYRIAN WAR “The searcs an aon w Appin (7) ab Pbins (8-12 te main snd deed cont and Di (2 4 Zonas, 8193-7, Thee ar sre od ‘Smacenints andor dacs ofthe war wells cares st Sonar “The war epee the Est tp of oe Raton sti cong of the Ned ‘eran Woe andi sboud Be explained toh in es of tbe growing Koran ‘xpnsoary ply iperla anda ict reac othe psy the caret pole stun’ Ia es of the Fs Man Wat abd beyond, M alent deed ery Rom impiaisic poly, ming thatthe Romans ced legos However, J. under pt ot ao ann he Ft an ‘We me waged wa oem twat He cole is yw ete ‘othe Lata egal for peace, paca, etkig bt "im Rose een Poe ‘wer aggresive” If he Roan se mane sed wf onl ave doe 5 eld me rented dint wah anaheim acon, ce ‘trou diploney However inden of the Roman ert ely c rte inthe Adin te Latin elon rads in 34 BC {Cate De 1, Zon, 873 Bais MOLD. The ngesel pail ates oder “Agron sol ahiallaoe ws the Meola King Dent inde bec ‘isle else who mignon he Ait Th chged Empl ‘Mie hg te ener Ada ct called fr ean on he prt aan Fertil i eins sued arm. Arad 250 BC sel 9 Helles Fes col oppo the mens (aug a event tre a, eer) "Fg Cas rin, 8 28-2; ring, at 1 lle, Spas, 19, «eh hye i 2 3 27 Coes, oun 0679 Eg tl ee: as, at puso 3, 7 ei Aft heron ey ban ost am inwra C, ah19, 5 see 2 haa om nek wth our Pry, 98 0:9, beet mae te robe piney oe 1 (Rann Queso, 95 9h 15 yran miley poser of Agron The yin (Aria) king bse is ether ‘alte oreo seal calabraton of ee dats, oa be cul ae ‘ls an to whom be cou east Ihe crsnand of arcu ipsa Spero Two sich dna are known ty nem the tsa Agron a Tet, Des farsa Seria. The Rewan arp aginst Ape inom os ‘dou intended o prevent il a ts Grek iro heen Cos, ch Wee inporanthubous al emma centres The lof he iniepenions wuld ely endanger th say oth ea teat inthe Aisne he ade ntact pci of he Grek cies of Magma Cres, wi won are ee Under peacton of he Romane Iwas prs porta oth cota Sais of Oa since s amas taein ical eit any ee poe oe ‘ering fice he sal, su hg, Mace” The core evs ‘sated othe Fist pin War ses 1 inde hat he Rom it wre athe lien te ist pis fhe amet of the esters Meteransn rie fr sy nde among a indians, the tn ofthe ty wilh Tea which de ary grin past sloth Lis with eo une Temi Ts seen toh enone oft ost inpartat betveste Rar "Rome avo ual conics in tena pe of eng aes te Actes it was sla mainly nde country, ing sna mates oa ge eto ‘nis alsa, weve viewing he owt Rome wah seta ypral “fsa, intesingly clad ia he Romane sine wold dno cl afte’ ep 689, cE 221-21" Andi et by 215 nether Cringe er Pip V "the an Roman alin cou ay kenge rca ence ‘hem inthe Aditi Pps’ dca yas began his acond ook wih the ye 256 HC, when Haile with he nine er ld Hansa redhat of ibaa nordert see Spas He Th en aera PEE ASS tino on a si a ere eet aehae coe cient goes enpen manana satis satura geege wire i cna aie es cage ete ear aee Seretesa is son capt with sere att te atthe Raman DS vain ys coved whom sy tn ht part f Eo He wet (aie cots te bg of he i ipran We cphsing t Aos ‘Satan ad ban rst hn hse ofan ta ing ele i He intel the seg ofthe Arann edn yh Ais ah Seat by Sellprinsin 21 which come tough Geese nether Lengo at hk ni fly pow oe oh suger rece 21-245) auton orn on mesmo vty car acnsguenc ‘Srv xs oe ecg yt ian ae a xe ‘cr oplge adseniy a atred Poe nash sh Grain Sei sane wt te Sinfons beware y Testes ome of he yay went eae Darnsne The ep celal we iyas 462712) in chp Poe ee eens ign War ih he Romar eee longstanding piracy, sw att te leader sho ere eine tediles oe Sago Te Seater two voy Ctr ad ts Seca Tt, to nett theme tee She hd jo pet {both etn et Se on twa nd mje aioe Sey ea flows he steno incr Siveer te qeo e"Suor ad ce det way bck he Scant af he Jounger ef te eos erro To Fe Rieawininceiiwomeliniesw Epa” nan 9 net ines sero a dosed, ‘ws, hrs mr pene rn eda ‘iin cou ciety am eae tar 7 Tekan Was ae 79) nen Tent sats of ships sie Cacys and ome to Epa. i Adamo used in epsling te Myrna tok, bu he te rin fsa 'iegs to Corer, wo asd fri roth Acs and Atlan Langs ty ‘entien Achacan ships, lncope 0, the al ween Pa sed, ‘nen the Achaan a Acrnanian sian the in it oe the ear nus inacordanee wi he Ua so seven stipe renee he ine: Te Taner ere vcrous a cen conned te soe of Corey whch had to ect an lyn gurzn under he cand cf Det of Paro, Once sain ibe lyin bain to beep Firms chp Ite diet opr fr war and th wel are dsr. was conducted bythe cont ofthe yur (29 BC} Gnas Puli (en Fai Ceara) with 20 ships, while Auhs i) Postma (Posi Altims)beught over om Brean the lan aes, conssg fet 20,000 foc and 2000 ore Flv Wed orl hee Cay bu unde hat fe wis too ne He nonetheless ad ficial toad the Crete othe Ror ls becuse Demet, > ta bce acoso et eign Tau, enemeage oe Rens orn todelvertheciy witam Hencetorard he aced eas pide The arise ie two consls united Apollon, which a io reciedunces Remon poet, ‘va shor aflerwars, Epdasos The Remane sed the Arta pd ‘iv several enbasis fering sarees are ther oe othe Pris and ‘imanes. The Rosas thn sed owas Is, lee the vgs of the ty Dy ‘ean, and tok unde tee roteton, The ests ook egw Ack (pts Atheist oF Rab, of Navona, mend fy. Sighs end 1, Walen, ran elashereurknowe opoy,® wh ta fom Panes ne done though be fafa of Danatie. The Romans cnr sve lames slong the nest dol at Nua dl hey sera ey defeat ea ‘scaped wih fw foe fo the wel fred Ron (Rtn, preset day ish, hich inced had n excel stetape postin (Fan. 5-38)" The con. sul cited the restr pat of lyr to Damar nd eared gaa chapter 12 test pase fhe war ars, Pls fete ith st toth arms to Ron, whe Posturi remained over the wiser tn Epics ‘wis ot sige, at earl a eg sn he eighbcang cis to guard te ‘Asis nd ter tbe ur Roan protein In th ey ying 228 BC), “Testa mae trey, cooseting to py ay trie, wit fom of copra places and moto Sl bj isa with me tha wo ured segs re. 1, eM the “gta comai ba henna Aang Ver, Spee 14 wold mn erent Lins ‘ec oetimend of panna ed gen‘hin. Upon having coved the eat wth he yin comron coms ‘fal, Posters sent pts the Asal an Achacan Leagues, ned em ou’ he achievers aye andthe sled bck to Coy mmeatly ‘Mera, the Romans see toys Athens an Coit aod wee ted Appian’ ita ‘Appa’ scant dfs foo ht of Pye in soe in pits, a nl 2 in sce details. akan precfing events that woth Fs ii Wa Fist ofall Appian mentioned ~ané be se only one who 0th Agron is ing prt the gine st the ayo te lwan Se which a ed ty the Ete Ling Pye (orn 319 BC. dd Asin 272 BC), ds scents Aros congue othe bin, mich ha since yeas Den arta pias od roght nd hs Jominon Cory an ater alo annus {Paros Pye coonetons wl wee oon standing. Aer the rt of hist thet year hil as sly tough th oar of he Tian ing Glace and na prot wife ern who sweaty adopted bim "ae he Tigao King Clas (he sccessor of Bardi) had boc Steed fy Alexander te Great in 38 BC, he ok fags atthe co of luca, wh was hen Eng ofthe Ts (Ae. Anal SI e610) Congr Gls who many hve ‘nerds King pty tthe expense of Ct and pry by costs oF ‘ibe lian repos in ptular athe Sea of Alexa the ret beae the mos poweral King in lyin. Hetefrward evel to inthe sores ‘ing ofthe yin" 34 BC, be ght Tr sth ove Ema ‘poi wt Cassa, which no dou mca hte bl tan nace fer bot Grek cis. In the same yea, however, Cassnderfxk pean of tk Apllona and Epa, aod ade Hira nticing deat om lain (€LDiod, 19675-7)* When in 312 BC te Conran expt he Macedonian ‘atin rm Apollon od pam, te ave Epa oC (Dal. TBARD, while Apollonia gid bey deste Giacomo appropri toy fms (Di 1970) ‘Glaias ist oiger mena nthe gurces a IS BC, a it mt kaon who mcd hit he cent pat Flyin Pyros, 8 Gia adap an {nd member ofthe Urano fly tt have fa eal li a eae {put of Gai’ Rngdom,alough is pba tat ine es is ie ‘oti were aie heel te to Ft for spss Evenly Py "Pgs pins latus (Pi 5) xine possesion of wae ly, eis documents hy Apa Shs, 235 an romtinsy Sat 43)" Pts woul ave ber eceopied the fovme’ Tolan kingdom someting ae 285 BC, when, de oh angus of [inane owt fom the ee or ae he weal! hve done sea Tirso te dent of Clansins” Rall penton ose dys srogbes the tiyr court Gavia’ Sea Als st pose dei ore pe ‘Salto etn of rian erry long be Ada Const ovate math, ‘sid Pybus acorng a Cakes, cri ended over Aplin td pessbly ao rer Epstein ms baby the bad sbouls te sgh sone the rer Gensis Shknhn).” Perhaps maybe lypoeized Tt Liss woud eve repost uae northern Roundary Iss ot lee ‘at we poston a Epamacsrmesty signed to Gat abo aul twas mo doubt onder he sho of Pcs” Howes an tine Monon tested e259 BC) konto heck is on inte iy. ‘Whether or on mas Gace we erly oe ofthe mst pone Hiyoan king who was avtved athe dynastic staples Macedon He was ‘ter wih sina sn rly agin Patmy Caran (Pomp. Togs, Pol ‘hte twenty rth bok: Blum god Poomawne Crows in Nacedonia om Memos rio et Plemaen inact, hati Acuna 70 BC, xen aie ‘yw death ant ernest ao ae he death of Monunis, the nae Hing vs apps oo benz es Dyachia.® He may have Been osu Soman nny case he was hse of hom ning ee hae he “Prouh is aig ote Myron pines Bicens ei soe Hees was sormasund 292 BC, Ph, Py 93) yrs halos canta with er abet Fer he ny ses yin ing aller Gata death Pat, Py: 92). Henny toe ceed luca om the tn 8 he prandsn of Bani" hey have fer inter Cu, eg dependent rererthe acsdolan ‘onde mcr in Dass whl he cent of lac agony the Ses Sey Pr 2a Qn 972 2-2 (cess ing he sero Causs Pre, Topp 9 eee 17% nt i190 ef Pe: pan 98Sund Caan em, ly arate Pyne Oi repos ofthe Tali Th were ten evr Mian dynasty a isdcumeted ty ng in Do wh cll hat sh ri of Py wa acknow ede ‘bythe Actin, the Macedonian King Pi, aby he dyna in ric 3 Boss 17). Tom Eads mast indsod ave hoon ee ofthe mo nent isindicaed by Pris mariage ths dau. Pits and Body ay ane The actual pnderng of iyria took pce oo sch aller ale, I was leer eee ih innangae enemas ea eee eaten meneame aettnnthertecene een ‘tro ere opr Gis by Anne mea, Roan =a "Sealand, Charops, 16; Ove, Roman Polley, 1954, 72; the plundering of Molosin, Soc meres oe CONQUESTS OF ILLYRICUM IN THE SECOND AND EARLY FIRST CENTURIES BC (ILLYR. 10-11) “Ta summarize mat of thee lyin ws aed by cape 0 hich Appts rey sorbed te Hema cmpign en! te Ardeiend Pali, ‘wt na ade by Pais Focus (ear 38 BC). Aa ext menos te a of Semronis Titans a Tiberias Pandas guint th lps ie Viry ‘oF Lacs Coal Mets over the Spirit n chapter, Appian decibel he wr apis the Deas conde by Mateus igus cs 155 BC) a bis ‘tue of elma ena hint with fence fo trump of Cae ls Mts oferhe Daas. Ae can be stn fit si, unset ‘hupter 10 Appian refered events tb gpa le thn tose dsr ing enbegnnt caper Posy he wand t erie ad ish he marae oncsring the Arias ~ spe ere ie dou ta hi “dio? ae auly "he Arie! ~ wane mentioned in chart 5, whe the Deas apeaed fo the is ime in haptr I-A Appian hil Cindi th i compe {ust etre hs acount ofthe Tad yan Was tt ed wt! he ‘retin chronological oder, ae, eho wen “relation to eck af ‘he irian people sopra ar mack a fond bt em te sources” Th 'sindcod what be i heap seine ot eompesng his Roa tory ty ‘wtng part 'thnibooks his ion History wx wl Wie i peace ‘te Detnatae, a sry new pode began sn this he ae Balmain ‘hase wore the people wha, fete fl fh gran Kinglom, ere Roms cite ence he este aut ofthe Aditi Rome was ig sa hem wih vrai rte unt thy were rally copquered unde gst, sc hey evenly gave te frre provian is rame, Atte ne oh Speaance on the yan, and ture Dasa, cons the ane Dai feed to te ‘rts occapid bythe Delta, This ge even om Cees cae ‘pondence with Visa fr example fen the tin hich Vlas rood ‘Garon his slave wh tok eta among the Vara’ (~ Ari ee a tend oF aro, png hat be wl a hve ea Dalai "whre wo be ita bi Ce, of fam. 59, In scems bet to prose in chroot, when of couse the cr ‘ay is clear Whee sx not Appian ode fevers wil be Teele. Fi fe Sackgrond ofthe Dea mrss el the war thoes ‘met thecaton of Delis wil dc wal ster Bi te FE ney. 208, 3538‘var guint he Deimate conduct by C Cosco, whch mo meond by ovine ne mr apt the Ards nd Pera wl be comments, alowed bythe war pun te tpods andthe Segestan TIlE DELMATAE ‘Sao refered the Dera are desided te itor regions fhe His tr lapode and Luring the ds. According oS te Deltas ttre bth pomesl and til, a oni fg psn he Roma: The ‘pole of fie Dela i nef thot oho le he longest ners apt he Ro tons Theyponsete one ify pot stemert, some of wih re er. Uetoens wha Slog Promos, Nina ere ar new andold Soom which steve burt by daget” (158 CIS: "Bers 3 an nls yeu reps ron suse Pontes 18 oe sr: marng Firs Shiono rrr, hs alma, Bihan re wa dane ea Nias wa ry rah Seabed depres Ssdaens) Sr dam are more esein accordance ‘vn Vatinis wrt ina eer ice inwach hemetiond ta iia ‘he Dela ad wer) tw, nein ee ty could sy aS tit ‘um (Ce, fa 5103 ged it opie Date aig, ge pt ‘nolserunt amp seas) M. Zanini ise olsen ons inthe eal ‘tory of he Date, now under tht asin ames, om Ate Ts ‘hom whe ede ot iat spel the very ean anor lore? the tre pally serie by A, Bena, iGavel and A. Mies a ‘eer he prods tye of onze and ron Age etme ne ios Delis wel a eewhee i he Balkan Sabo comiue his despa ‘ofthe Daman co by mensoing ster wo of hk seme, haa fortress Andctram andthe once eto of Dali which ave be Dla TB tics name aur, et hes greedy anton, Spo Navies dered hee ‘St htt sank oh ak seal He alo ested pin turing ino gracing pound whee! ("Eo xa AsDine te ‘oir, SB gaya, ning oi es, areas Stes Newel ‘aed dln uxpdorr hdr ahaa noe dq) Sabo ded a they avid rnd cvry ht yas sdf not we one. Tie nfemaien Inia thathey weevils va it, esl corprion the iyi king, whch fora cei te cer author ovrthem sf “Sage pot cng Dame eed Aina Sone ‘Sat aoe cops 4 ‘Boar, Goad, P18; aes opera, 1 Betti ain ieee he Ts The division of hei led sat paki refered a pero eribuon of ara an, no doa led owls coreocis& prfenton a en "ry ght ers, ws ase an equ! ecooms survival fr ll fis a lea unless non f maay mer fo he psn” St inom Ton tht hyde e mone rn sonnei Pay atten a Subdued the neighbouring peoples, ame of wham en ud them tate i the {forma cote ad grat” (329) This sentence of Pir hav tags beh thease br Strabo emeloson However the exstees of thr cata, Dei ts nome that ints fsa gana hey exe wel panied iy ‘iene anda cornish. ‘he Delta Deas one of fe most dageous comes of the Roman te wih Wha fe Rams were war fre et They mee the nt power peo or kus app, on ts esters Aa sot Orally hy ibd {herepos inthe nr ocala ond weser Bannan Herc? Inter meses entation od inane, adver by Sabo wha so mason hi ato of Sah (155 € 15 aha tn Gyo megan sa 79 ie alr 20 "Age pg nye ss iv San ns Ene) aren yD ‘Sire Thay wee ete in tein Slo eto fe TK) Ness pus = Ct) iter on th lao, Lik, Dal nd Imo pins Pashia maton of teat oft Dein pint an, sleet of Trguriom and Ep sea at iy occa oe a he sal eon, mont pebl some th open ate Suse, ty 1 Oe Bt hi ef th second en BC They mst tly dcendad ne ss Ks th Ansan Bay, fy eran bd th sb ei aly inated seers, sth ulin, Net em Taken Mont robb th Delmas al gratulyegnded nection, oly owas the ortho epoch wth le wl wa oni ined by "einer clay wth he Li andi stit ove Pron. Hwee, te De ls wer ft depends one iia kilo, bt ued indpensnce rng evi Gein. Nant hey eae he re sins Dena! Dali wont ase nde lati or Vpn," als oc se sng vais ned by Taos who called mare Delestrum don 19) The format oe pe 995,190 85, {Sirs Se re 1 et a ity nah Fee tn ee 208304 Sle lm 1,10 Oo, 1, 60-0 FP 20.‘aprons Se wr Ps Cars BC 1) ane wing Dimas fei teeny sed by Ain, who we ace a Dal as etl 3. Thi conr te eon ibe hv on nga Vl Long om he second cory AD He tne at Vref Det al Da; cia Setoron us canacuethe country nde ae fn Dei KGL Cron Eat, 36. Peon (Vere, fDliaion ie, ton Dimon pntatemas groan» Dim, mana “eda Provo “a rc none xa) Vr kw ica ei bebe yon ‘Sen alge ase ase Teds Vro oe 216 BC) ae theron rand sory ner memo ith achat Va ie etn at haben Lina erratic 2108) en bey veered ‘tigre pres oun in CCCs Thea Dak ‘tu ssp pecoimnty ov cep moans, ose {its iuigme tn seco Foe Demaean Wa, a see fem Denar re ane epee pan xed ha ate Dena va iui arr shnge to Dla testis itm be dace wich to rm nave be ei “inact cane! afer mc shine ty Sate japon teu eon Bald, he ne ed ba er he alms en i ui etlomet Dam, Hower ety cern ‘thu wath emi Soak waive weds pcapi aie tr Fostty ees de an Dt Dimon ert od hl! be ete 2 Damion ss leat ben hpi Pb bot rs Dei ‘5h rer (nat) Damian, mew xe Tn the aon ofS. Cas, the ‘ns Dabn/Detnim a dono Sab aed y Sepa of Yea “amano wend ate eon niga ote Dsataen nl nd {beeing htt fo woul cre ‘pando cand sae oft Dente opal ned eli iF Apu, wo mse tis spine: source on hs rat, em hs at lasnie be en dosed te bane bem she Dena, Vr ‘Sho mus ave a wih mater dtl ed he ae Demin, Whe Dele my ae teca nllsobeovared meth own ens ome te lt old ve bon he me of te ep the Daa eee ‘Nanas abet fe ow 1 freon a a 0 ie spn us Par etn iri astm Prone mn md ‘Mh nota nt wt mer) Eee ark oi cect po aie Since a ss aan 98 12 Coots ston nS Ei Fr Cm Be 11) be Roman ozcupatin es oposed the ter Rowan Demin, No discus fy sel be srumed erent to tm. tere were sono hee ‘eld he no Roman prnd munipaon thse name Demin exes {pe teen ot contac stl ten if yt ens costeely limite or cet period afer he ak ofthe Wu Mun prew spo ‘theme or ee prt eich steely pana eto ed leasta sal setlemetceraily existe ie staf he fread ower fultown. There was age tendency to taste al inportat steno fom illo ovals ana pis an lng te newly eonstaced provincial oad. A {rast of scent any ao pe the Waser of ame ona (eis that Vira Nou nae ase was tafe he ‘sure suse Spt rs ths ptf Ve, Berens Wold be a ood lactone {be Roman pv Delaisum, Howeve «sulle lostin sy ool «qo farawsy a ste case est with Virunam. Tush pos So {he locaton ofthe le Dela soul at be o prior dca. “The posiity tht the ame Detmatae maybe eed the Alsnian (nd poe sly eae yin?) ed fo shen, el dn’ (erage hi ain, Suggesting te meaning ose bracers Shp x nas Rpt 4 ‘play several schol, should renal Jou Th Aluriaa guages ‘ein cots ovr Ijin words tus wou not be pose oppose ‘hat ote lynn peoples ell he Dela sbepherd' ice scp Ar ing rmst hve indeed been one ftir main accpstons, However, ka ere ‘ly Bon amet Sao cal tr ap alien apn stable or ‘raring soap Sto pang bar wally Ber considered as natn te eklrming aspx ofthe Debate cos" Hers ints and sheep er dob particule portane fr the econo of aru Dalits ies, ‘he Dente ined weve th eed passage om Sabo canna serve [ofr sneered the devsation the urns erry ote Detrutcan capi, wi eed fom i defeat by Seo Nasa. This nor resthypomisi a cored Kai ho piste ath aan ule or [Dacng sus’ post gan fra ery devel bya ene ct ich Salsa te then zig td so epaied a sch a Soa (prog ‘eigen vous sBerundsira, fy xara reeds, ad fare catrmot ty anther pasage i Stab, bere be rere wih he sue on 0 the cur ofthe Bo devas bythe Daina S16 219." acc opera 5, 50-5 Mage, ace 19 3638: Src veri en 0 ta a in Dalaran ome 1773. sp rRwa Sa 7 Ra i be i a 4‘emmys Sc ea Fost Coma ie 1010) Corner harm Seno a Ps em Sr no Pe Carns BC 6) ‘THE FIRST DELMATAEAN WAR ‘ocnpand ts terior atte expense of tir phous, nye deton eco, whore titres mat have soon cola with thie of isan ‘This ge, powerfl and ware people who inhabited entra! Dalai fet ings ander ean dase we ae Rome’. pps nso in one dpendcce onthe an King under Plas, the liter of Gentes Afr Pura’ eth they nevada ened 1 a owwiodge Ges’ athe. Thi reported by Ply, who enone the opin of (Fig. 67 a he Dar ten ears ae he fal Gents (ae 6, Aecrding to sb the Sonate en commision under C. Fam (Geis 157 BC) tongue no teste of pia and npr ino the con ‘hf the Demo. Ti Bappene beens sonst embarss compan ‘thou thei contin take ther trary and theca nage Wi ‘pesum and Tag Siar action wore owe By he Dace AS fong {Plans Bro. he Detata ubmitodthi. batwhen he ded and Genin Scented the tone, thy revolted from ka, making wo onthe bes om heir [ero Tey sed the ntgsuring peoples, some of whom een pd tem tne nthe form feat and grain 2.9), ‘The pi of an om Ca, Past Vew iy osetia ht Ka ‘ris asumed in modern Heute Delmas ad bec rh autor ‘nyofth Arocen man” while Pb meatond merely th thy ha een ‘aborted tothe Kno of Pre. When wg sbow te Th an ‘ier App mole hat Gti id rend oer ati pope eit Tow thoes of Agron (225) hoe Kings was Arian Appa ema is sont byte dts in Lvs wh meal ft the core Geis Kingdom fa been among the tbe (4193), Posy the Detmaae had abe och Sic by Agron ss wuld ataly he wrong spank about ei = ndoce oe the Ales king, partial Brae aot 10 wht cen Pusu abet Panes Kngsom, since Pras’ Serie Steer Planes’ regres in general eroneualy sued Scerisas wat Png uel" enone cls wi certs th the tne of Plates the Delonte were pend th yin Kingdon, They had no dou waned aca, hs an, 2. mt Di ea eg al Fen. elCFANNIUS STRABO,C. MARCIUS FIGULUS, AND P. CORNELIES SCIPIONASICA ‘Tusa dont sec th embassy ade C Fama Sab,” ether i= ingestion so Sd Thy conto hoes an othe evap, who ste able ote thr nes ony by baving ein sort Pay, 32.13), uss ‘eae that he Roms dese upon an parla base els ya had [vet sine the wa ah Perseus ah i feared at Roan youth woul ck Try exene id. Mot pohly he recoded ster uous tha were ‘Shetning the ne, sine be wre of he leading seater well” Appian ‘esl naeseation on racy that abe Sato the Dea, be ete those theme of eadersorthe eas of isin Zonaray, hove, ‘cating Cabri add athe Dela, adi to rlrening he Ro- Ina ereys,imprsoned dul theeavoye of howe who ha ompnine gins them mening ass an he Deas (258 as. 1308-305). Zana cone tied is tative by yng tht Sp Nes ought against be Dera, betting eit C. Fans nor Marin gus, whe ae also oot mentioned [Sint Cen, Rome red = afer the defo te Macedonian an Tan noms another strong eno ia th in eins wove theme aps te Delta ws pun 86 he coms C. Mar cous Fig ho as rast 169 BC, commanding the oy pant Pers inthe Adriatic anal confor th it tine ne2 wih Cornelis Seno Nass (Conc) ator very sho tie, bth had abit ecase he aspes Ind bs een pooper thr cton by Graco 163 BC). * The test dererpon of Figs” capa til of Appian is eleventh hae. A ‘Sor rte ls nterotng onthe summary of Livy's erty-sverth ook, the fat put of ica svespande to Appa’ aa, wile Appian narrative ack the porn account of Nasa’ seen conclson ete wat Aeserdig © yuma, he oneal. Marist had od fortune Ring against te Daina, bur ster ssf He waged wa ght them Because thy bad ‘east he terior ofthe leans who wer the lis ofthe Romans te Dalnatse were congested bythe coasul Careline Nasi (Per. #7: C. Marcie ‘tr horus Dalmatas prima pao prospers poste lr pugnavi xm ‘us Blo comfind ons fu, quod Miron, sacs pop! Re vextnernt ‘Sindengue gentom Cornelis Naica cox. oma clr 225) ta he pit fon of M. Zenit, his Base war mont potbly at Navona, 2 (pr) Greck Stren within he teeter a the Ienly Drs ao the hitrand of eine Mac 95 4 * Sr Ot 6, 980, th Artin bad omy en bed sol he ly ee th ste nisin cnc ene Ni arbi et ‘wn oto rf he se Dur sau mene eh old prot Ronan corte ry wih pons an ‘enya gh coma ss ames ee Rooney tha i ot halon or hs much vas Dem ni! Dm weak theme many Roman sen ate on tnd may mt he eines Fa meth yey ‘ings pa lhe eo fge rer Nae (ese dy Ne) those react ma iy ca ay ‘altssopitsonehec inte aol gene eon tae mart nfm Neon, hres npr fran utara = Snes {ene irae beet AD ee wa pat Ivars 440) iment impombi tx sss pone cine htc te eis Dao or aa a mash oDoepoPle mat ees Ca on ‘ng algo that sa as Ree sce oe ‘ana Bis oc, ob nl twas he Py iy ‘rrvtactl tye Denn an chad Sie Dj ops a Figiwoidhinestop isan tse Mog anh vila os “rab wher he ea tne ree fe te fa ‘ov wan she oct bere cmt ay he De Suh alc ndtv tin ng he Pe ‘ct mot inert ow ied ree dng cee ‘Sing soho eum hth lt cis ver eas ‘deft comps son Pi Tews rant Aas ed {erie ent tripe rods chr cn ei ‘SSiaieucran wher fete my os ror wee Winer ar sec noc ps, Pino ak Dats rhe eave ss enya ie SLi no etn sina toss beware iar tian as wh seg upon sg ete ‘atormloclutonalrs el tle Tore be cleaner [Post tcrotur tems h wich ve ano Aeron un Seecbuoinn yong om pt a an 9 ke oe at 2 38 Na et Nn Mae Be Da, Orin amps 204 12-8 safari Fen On ns ain "ie Dyn, Ota amps De Ga ps ee Nop ai i 7. 26,With ax ad smeared wit pth and slp, which aye fre Dense fon ‘ben hey Re though the i The siege chine used fo his Kind of mise scaled scorpio, weighing les than 40k and eee es oar, ith ‘hich itm pone to dchrge many at 6-7 mesa te” Sach wen Dopian account the nfo the war foe by Fu apis the Dente "Apia tly dd ot ya Mas ius cpr own, rane Iy he oepcted to meron the sacs cup fe et year, wih Mas ‘inducted y be cl P. Cores Sepa Nese. Nasen ditiopusedhimsl? “nde. Asli alas inthe Third Macedonian Warps Pee and wise am acount of tala Py in to ig wich was ar edb Po Te plan nati e t Mn Fit ee rhage nian aaa sh se ARC ajo hangs 84 8s a et tach ne fhe ones forthe dein of the bale. 155-6) Hiscan- Digna the Denard, nan othe shod passage in ny Porocha akon some ter sores Fons nrted © Nant re a ‘tata tee, accotngo Apia, employed ty Marsa igh ht to cong ‘hee capial yhuving ated thi theron, which nish th cet de Ince (Sat. 362 P. Corel Sono nel dette espana Deli tim, quia concaronnam donde eared ae ppd copter eco ‘St dfndond sig vciotm ois Deine seit), Te Dela ory was esate nod rea pb of ius ee sold ver ‘Nac celebrated atrumph over te Deiat Us 8, Fat ams et mp 2-55," Amp’ rte hat Nexo fied the rph einconeeton mith the jt etd epic edocs “Sno Sj Navona tt he had mo teen coneeated et conn n ecandanc wth the carve roe proce Ie resigned th consulship and dace therm afer hi by he Senate for ‘aving conueredite Demat” also Aux die The cone conpured ‘heiown afte Dalmaae Delmilan Hered he tle nperater piven oH ‘pane hers wal ath roped bythe Sma" (191: Sepa ae “ut ga non ieee conse dre, consaatise abt dams Dalmatian ena mpn rpucanit 6 AN de {A4°S Cons Debinion wre Datum expr pert name iis enn rimphum ola cra) In Zippts opinion, Appar coun Sad bo eonsieel val al he de til despite certain iacosiseaces tthe ced sues. Macs gus coud ‘achieve the Sol congue of the Delta and Delis e!pokly e fase of the arial os scceor nthe consi, Spo Nase Thi i a Undated by a setnce sn Fleas who csi thal “hes! Mach lat dsr he by hang Burt de tof alin” (225 Lam rien “Marcas cond nconse wba Deli gu deracavera) sry ly ht Fromm ascribed the statgem of Figs fo Scipo Nass y mistake" Ia he "noncl waton, he soy orth Dimatesnthe rst a age hs ope ses consecied~ uno soon mowt of al wt Sepa Nas, a ned Uy te ft hat ely hei tononed a Stab and Cass Din This bated rly toeause Sips Nese indo cared out ie fal phases ofthe comet Delminum a the Dlg, bt was out ls i thet ay the Comet Sips wi he belonged, who ook cf reserve te wet fois of ts members: PossbY Scipio Nac ip copes is ova re geste fe ke Dalmaaran war, arid done rhe Macedonian Wa In he pin of "Dobie tt at Apia dd aoe menon the Sl vio of Sep Nain sais the Delatae must aly nly dat Appian bog oe pater soose "= Wes, Dalat 130-3: Zana Dla 19845, 7-22 “Pago, 5) 48 cA, Mop, 2 Zap rncfro 158 BC onwards According o Dob tissu ether have Been iy. who tact the eens of 156 and 155 BC in he same bck, nox, os probably. Poe Thus any tempt ting the source mare precy woul a be plas However com unusa ht Appian weld te changed his eure fom eae arto another unless the sours he had uso forthe Delmataean war by chance ‘pod at he feat 6 BCom the ote an, camo! be estas at fe soe ‘ston be simply elo mention Spo Nascar. ‘THE SCORDISCI~ ALLIES OF THE DELMATAE? Accor id itrpctton of an unl ioe of nerain, servo nue Obs Sco wove bor congred oath ‘ih the Delta in 156 BC, during the coma of Lc Lents (L Cex rbos Lene Capa) snd Cans Maris (6: Detmaae Seo) spor). ‘This may have coed Dysen to coma atange ero and lita a 156 BC, Ares Fig stout from Aqui for is eampiga agin the Fomine” gue di at fit aie th Punonias sein he Del ‘ate, abd be ot le his ryt Dalia oer thew. How abo be ‘Scud! be explined nhs conent hold be ested hate teat Osage ne ben treme a Sor no Sconce Nowell, he ul explraan ofthe stil mnmcrpt reading mse Be Word Sor The sbi ae (fhe Seo” According to G. Mong, wo base his conlson oy te ‘her coli te ne wuld indicat tha «dy of te Seon ied Date th war o 16-135 they woul ve Don meets ied 0 ht ‘cession bythe Delos” M Mio fit expand the wend anette a {he Scot, ats atopy. Tn er opin, Delmatae Scud acorn be [pros Seo) sapere shoul be nepal as a eer of Obsequcs who [old hve cote ede ofthe Dna at Delinirn th dt o te Tyas at Sco nthe couse of the Thi ian Wat woaply connec Be Daintae with he lyin ena Sod read of Demin” Methods cal consider, spre implmsble sei to errs wo Obes. a temmsof te exinson fhe Dem nthe ison oth scout Wel 6 ‘ithe Labs, he pops to ily Sore ith Scrdona(~ preety Shri), the ery marin othe ets ao he Lidar col be eed soe lily” Hever, ts question ndeed he manisrp reading would era such an cmedaion. wc dosent sem partly corti ‘hae, 9,628, Bpes ten de hn Mana S.A ih ‘mal ron, ra Sea Although its been seer cose thatthe Scot ere deat bythe Romans ste ales ofthe Delta, Papo epider nate of Obequens, irs oul have Hee evidence of i ist confit Deween the Scosc andthe Romans, of whch aching ee i ow, wee Dele ‘scan vars wel documsed: She nte wo ote conve oul sale te npc presence ofthe Sori! nth conte of thes wat ut ne De st; the coi ould hae ced ot aaa on Roman lia nthe ews cout they provehieg« Roman souestack. Orin cv have ‘secre emetic wth the rt Panini, coded 3y one Caio, ‘hich ended diseousy fr the Raman Inher opal tee yates oe roblemati.Analimee ofthe Delle and Sede wuld be una ernse their erties mere distin fom each ot, and Pca teehee fhe Sort were wll in the ecto ofthe sath or sothesr o ovads he est Theater bypass woul he ost pase fl, bse the Sent ‘asthe nearest noghtour of he Fenny, coud easy have bee laelved in war ewe the Pusnonine athe Roman stat, Hower, hs hypothe is ata very tag, because so te know othe Pon we 36H linked ever scared tall is es otal erin, oe a the col who would hive conte it A Panosian war uder one Corliss at ot oe ied wis atin. ls, this cade as shocking dete forthe Roma td the Score mover meson soon wth In my opin the Sane ‘were lost cera wo ali ofthe Delma nt war cone Fig, ‘suse Appian ad ote sous ge an exhsive act fhe wa a ome efthem merino the See. Nostprataly Ose deer all oe Scr iter in aon othe Dette or ee fe dependent cet ofthe Sears by the Romans ude. Cortlis Lentus Lips Sor od Indes ergata geographic ane, which ent nae ole where ‘ne Deine had hee conse eve, a olf Meaty ih cma DELAIUMUDELMINIUME ‘The losin of the Deaton Demin Detiu and ofthe ler Ronn atmo eno it Poles: 2 1611 ain seve itn) hs Don en, ‘seed problsai by soe scars nh ae ever lilt a oats fanaa setement theta tory he Dems hat So ery ‘identi withthe Deraean capita On th basi of CL I3902 a iu Taipan te Cain ine, T Momasen woul asamed tha Dlmint at ‘Statins iil Hs erneoa itn sala scented ty Zp “2, Horch 7.12 Miya, 16,7 ‘Pom br Te 3 8Patch, ho mae tiled opty’ of he Davai Pai very ey Jes i be lf of above Brean, tens of Papa (~ Du ‘no = poss Tsay), bth oc of cea nd ieaceaibe po. tom an sss, wih were peels view a th dia nthe xa sues, the sane opin nas tied hy A Beta" In he opin of MZ, woo ‘huphy sed he sin Sn acco of the Delta, # ih kobe ‘ented with Gradina ear above Tera; eve, ill al ‘aur es dominant witha ear tpn then Lib rain Inthe nae of te Dusan psn, sre Tomita state, he are of Dis Deaani ryt bepress wheter ora the mney fe apn Dela IBerame othe Dato cold he eed! roma edo Een wor tht reer ip Albanian ident ~ See (oe spa The Koran Deu, ‘ch became «mu nde ada, has ote be ated wih ceri {Csust bn ber semen lah pin wii he Duras Pl, cori to Zaina a emis, searing a Bens at Bartana he ste ‘ity fhe pei Delinimy while t Taser eet Bis Ve tos th ater etn eter corning tthe dt in the Tabla Petngerione Dimi wa al located at Pee no i ditt Bho Bi Boome tumor of carafe mp Demin Staring varus pops fost some Sous have reset een prota at th vat oestin of eer he Deinataran er Ran Debi” weve should he cnphasiz th ros hyper concerning he Roman Dalmatas capil at Grain at Lt she Boda net Dav (omg. [A Benue argued sry coviscingly tt the hilt (Grain) a Lib shat be ‘Sasieed the only hilt ctreponding to te deseripon of he Demean ‘spl by Stab an Appian Theil a Lib the ony Milf nse Daan sto Poe tat dominnes the whole pana is pe eoaph fo of efage 1 sdb comps ene 6 Olt: Vik the ext elevation is Rava Gach (Stanin, wich was the is feces of he aan times of ange The highes peak oveaokin es Gn Kk, fom waence te Romane most ie ace he hilo inca get gost of Roman Repien weapon st es veccrathebagtngof second wr aah at ste ee owe Eg) ‘ot tos or Dogan Pe one te St fir of na isco blow it at Rava Gavin These ar inl weapons er ihn ‘xaos such pl, els, catapult ol sod eto tea, Pen teteee ‘eed te hype nd sun conicingly ated the Dalstaean Den (Demin) st ihe Pst honed years ag andes Bente at Lib sve Hosen (ear Duvnoomslaygrad). These weapons cant edt psi, bat thease have een as sty ae second etary BC” Hawere eno fe ‘ately eed tha Dela wa tacked again fer Fg and SiN, sash war agit he Dela condi Conn ae ina a Ing carpages he Dlmate antes int extol sobre thst imeresing ht sone sl illo the vcnty of Gratin a Li st nave evfred theo of wi fs tthe min setement thse athe il Oral, ee Romi and Lontart. The wey tal hilo a! Manica Grain shove Mando Sao, hich mast have oe a ee fr tn cl Deloaacan oy kindy tk me rd te hitComper ture n ne Sn Pa Comne BC 14 epunto, or perhaps even the ceral el ce, dey faces he lt at [Edd mst hve cnc conned with.” Bens age ici 3S ‘ilies inthe vest Pb, and even int ld boon inte thoughout fessor.” a let ane of hem were comtemporary tthe lft 1. te Detnstacan Dstt Daim Most of em have wo been vega a ex ‘ates, here ti diffe deine core theo fal ofthe many ee ‘rel frit wh stone walls an most probably aoa were by wooden ls te sun mney served a ach overs” |. CABCILIUS METELLUS In 19-181, Casts Met camped agin tbe Demat Apne pian ht ere mee ao pou fe war tr ei all sacasally ong {tate tack dam ney base eared tcl ump. Tiss ‘Sopdet sds ang the Sonate had 2th mre come ‘elgrond howe wining hry and booty was undoably an inert le ‘mont conser ty Roman emma Asari t Apia he Dns een ‘ead Matalin aad espe wiser alse whence be eo {eRe and ined ects ph G.2ppel a Pate scale i Ue canta to Appa’ dat, bling tn Costes Mat, who sited Sse, sn Matas ~nestoned by Api ger with Cora 8 camping ais be Sern were on snd these pn, he cosa 1. Cael ‘ir Mi, rnd Delis ter the war gust he Dea. oti pio Son atari fit ssoqure Sia tpter with LAs Ct be aed ‘hugh dso the wes pedal he Deiat espe tra ‘Sac a seman nthe coy tl 7, when bce trump ce De. mat (top, 425 CHL Fp. 17th has ae res Buna commut opi ® “Aer fom the wo sort peace pi i 1030 abd 1.39 sho on Li eras (2:1. Cas Mette Dama sabe), an ince a it [Ebrpis sing ci is known abot i campan,Butopts cnfised L.Cael- ise Maclin Demat wat isco Cans Mets Dds cons In 17 BC wget wits Mash Snel, an ross abut Demat” "umph bth ¢)cosl of FFT BC. amoyu pot. 18 BC} LCs Mei et Mico Scala consi de Dama rampant) ee inna, 8515.20. “teme ne cere97 8, tee Mar te ack, na, 260 Da, Se, "SM ac Cot, aoc 28 cnc kerma Sean EF Co BC YN) MG. Mowgan sigh poled outa Apia’ scour mate bail ae rata tht ordi cannot be prov ala ave brah timate ore “Apis acount ofthe Dematacan war of Cccs Malis, bt etney boon soaps asa posliyby 1 Debi Parcels not acerca be i {Tonalin sige wa pero ese degree smn ls arses te ‘aso ioe way orate However Reson caloric tee Apa soare bees hconinbl Pajtus Hatorie™ an rk bal Appin ed Poyus—" staring sown arate with hye H6 BC, where oan ded ti As ag fen been chased tr not poral to ety Apis sores ih ny degree of eae dd ot nae Dem inset. Poids wo doa {wean separ of Mee ampsip andi nade, by "het Grek eter hve ae he name Dati oe comty (ft F 174, reseed by Ale 136%). Te page conering Meal’ wting | Salone kes i ln that Appa ea sure Sot th ore ary (the Cac Mtl, The fal as one of he os iat Re in he Repubizan pero, sch tha Vlas Pts could cen tha “i ele year ttn Mee tained he consul, cersorship and rump” (2113) eta bys members mat Have a many enorme Appian’ sates, wh dou ‘apart tart the fac concerning Denti’ capi in Dali, eth ‘eau pty ete he ata stanton, The ia yn have ben whol Wil ‘ou jastfieton and peas Metis dea dia ere the wish Sens tet robb ven tach an ty ae posed some ft ater cosnoplian {hart (Fg 77) This was an ipran aoour dwn of the Deltas there iso reson 6 abil sapement Pojtos ag suppose thd Issran ‘tlement at Slee) tthe time hen is ound Taguren Gg 72) ed pei At Traguram hp gunlcy mab, mentned in Pliny, ay have been ‘urtiodata aly date Laur hawever (pai) Oreck isan gro of thre may hve std sng the erga! yin (Le. Delmas) etme, asypesized by G Novak” gral one ya sal ut eaiy neg, ommuniy of Roman merchants. Anis of alin and Resa merc oe Poly abt the toun x conser tne before Caesar. The Salon el alae were snore or sacle an pss posed the ately the Deas ie ving snd. Ths sn be pps tha He nb ei Se, 8 uo 28, ‘St rin Z © Sen Sma ru Sinn 20, 1-121 a pied ot tht te eee agement nner nin Siete tng 6) nonin Reon, et Oe, HH ‘Now nnn ausesty' Sass ann DOSan of Sons, nding th Deliatace nis nde rcv Metin thir dfn aginst te cones rs he meri Howeve, ovine that contry to wht Apia ial si, Meas itary Sess ‘ut hve ben consi, utility in ew of icognmon Delmas ond cman cul cut 0, he eet of Castor in Rome CaF 2154 ct pe Sour 46 be ad lo sanctary of Ops Opto ese (Pin N i: 1113) Shan asamet of tells war wuld ot simple should the be apposed tht he Roms pa ad indeed oon rete a en by The Salons inating tee! Dstt, which weld tly Appa’ sed Fema Nonetheless eld ane Rvgbt sacs aps he Dla who (rr vedi th coal gan fom he hia, aos ho Kis Ps "Slama so aged that Mtl full deserved he tumph fora rally cumpaige again te Deals wich icned both by hi eae Delinacusanysheeonssel booty ou of which ie could but he ant try ef Castor Ilex he wa of Mls by astuming~ faces With Sore previo ops th oksnce oft diferent ns alld Solon, oe ‘Srcnoporu,wcommuniy of sea a fbr Gross ad alan aod Rom ‘echany, ner coment of tbe Reman cia, and subsequent 2 Roma lay (news a be vt of Sela gadraa tbe oem stleent of th DDeimace in is epinon would be npn supose ht Grek, wal 5 Tsnn and Roman traders would ve sng the Deine, ad, sree, te ‘oxen inthe arn of he Ki Paseo th ie of Done Rapti oe oper oft Kai fife etree alte iit Sans by N.C ‘nerey 1S dita frm Saonae” The sme an for wo dfs ‘oul sl exptn wy itcaul ie teen ced it Meelis nas ocd as @ {end nth town whic he ws supponed cooper “ipl even hypotheses nindependen province ser Neel’ wr in 118. in prt Boa nth ary ye ket eerale nore ative inca (Met) and in Cee Gal, were, be ‘consumed th cone Marea Rex woud hve ought agate Sy (Uity, Per 2-0 Marcu coe. Stor genom pion, egnait? whe the ‘StoetStyal wee actualy un cher tl Know eel nigra Wisin any ‘ee fr to ent das the testo ofan dinitrate indepen province fyi to 118 BC This mus have happend st probly ocean Oca "ions ones, payin itl atenion to he data in Apia, asibed in anyons in St Far Caria BE fat ret portance f the military campaign of Meelis Delma ‘Sin bron equted Hi te Nts who fought with L-Aarefion Ct ‘pint the Segextani. Morgan vry plausibly corrected the hitherto eased pin conecrng Rita’ war aint the Delmas et argue eovaely tt Mtl capained nly aghn the Delman, and oly ne Jer 19-1, ett etl eatoned by Appian topeter wi Ca 8 conding = nary expeins aie he Sept, ad ot bees L. Cass Mel (De ‘si, the con of 11 BC, bat ante member of the Cai Mell, wo stan sonints sonseandr to L-Aelits Cota? Whether or et Re ms eimai” cousin. Cazes Metts Diners (ot. 117 BO) maybe pe oda in my pn the "Netllo m ecton might sts Wel Be ‘eof is ots M. Mec, theconel of LIS BC oC. telus Carian, ons of 13 BC However, the no doubt tht he meatosd Mets coud have ben Delman mist TC Brena who wou ely lata atee {escent a to ferent Natl, proposed tat Cotas Meter Would ie ee ing i th oon of he Seestan inthe prvi ear ata pact tnd contd seve mr prove Under Cit" He adduced sever ety ‘gure oe bi oi, repos ofthe ft hat the two Metals were ‘sire oe the ame man, thr ould mesa hat Alan Would bot hve best ware of aoaph he mento Yom fo sucesive capers. This ail! ‘Soot plas n pericun ocase he ected ote by to ee nas, ‘Mtl and Cass Maelo expect, Despite preaing ie wou tury Be ponte to marc with an ary by ld frm Scat Sle tn 19 [soda ined lend been uted” Morgan cussed few posite roves that sonnets icin wh Salone alr the Augustin conus of Dalai, Tipy resin ll of her fr he pes toon of he Sod etry BC (Cosa to pion ii ery prosube hat teve A. Gabi te a ‘hough yeu 48-47 BC by la and it scems helt thea Gabon ‘tamed afer Gaui oo beens he woul! have Ben the rt ove! ans, wih sea, bt Boor he nde onset (or conse constrain) from Sloss Ander Inthe fre case wou cas ha the Rea oe rremorte sds sane he Demat dstyed ecb hia. athe ‘Scond, this woud cores wall thea practic; Cane seem fo have ‘eth fist ave but od th eran of the Dsl ont He my ave star oo hs way fom he east othe iter oyu ier fm one "Naga ain Cty 17, ree y Ce hn 196 em, Prac stp 250 3H sot ont by ers aan Dati a et oth. "Gem, Cac Mate 0 etn 105 (op he et sled rg Srna emer Toc “sn csi cg are 143 ‘evan Sa ats sr Coes BC uM, 1) ofthe LiumianLbours most probably fo adr o ru Sloae!" Acie "ronal travelled lirik sa, “The sea ad itd pues ae noes coining. Cota ond Mets mos cri not campaign oly as eons in U9 BC ans he Sees, ‘Soe thi pple id ot present sny sro danger Baba a een the cane ‘vith Cartage is 149 and he Cindi and Testor in 102 BC. Carthage wae ‘ost dangerous eae of he Romans, and it was died tht Bote con, 1 Maris Cetera and Mr Mai, sold tke charge of he wa im Imaner, bah coms, C. Maris and. ts Cats, were ea aginst he ‘Cit ad Tetones in 02, to avert invasion i aly Those ae the oy tw stewed cans inthe econ Ralf teresa entry BC when uth on sas nee went to deal wit a dangerous station. A, as mich as aceoring te Appin) Sempron Taam Tiberi Pandan pacer and edna Sorin jm fought gant the apes, his, to, bis Cots ad Met Tus, his suborcizate, metonodimmedtly after, bth epaene esns the Sees Ass been pedo. Appa even dstngied bth Metal by ae elering to Deltas s Caciie Mees at Cat’ Tega metely ‘bs Mato At Morgan ity emphzn, Ain wa prety capes of twcling divergent sure, answer eled to onsre im or kf tal td ak of lary" Th, omen fen the cae Apia’ realy bart Mic, withthe excepting of his cco of Oca’ an war -cosconmus The mention of he Dena along with he Darn, Sori snd Mac by Euopisuder the yar 87 BC, when ull party ongured hem and pty won ‘hem oer diplomatically, mt poboblyetenous (37). Most probaly Ze De tac havo plas here, Eco mast av canted th wi he Dette, sr wocorvtyemended by , pp on thesia ry sl text of Grane {shames (529-1), mwhih the Bette are corecy mented 78 BC however he Romans ere aa fr provinces ap, Papi dC si, Macedo, and Dalai (Eabep, 51. The Dla etd due to tii ‘rr ay and eared Satie Cosson (rato Il in 7 HCY act "alte, the wane dane whe Apps Claus went Macedois. Coo ris carpi some Appin, whic suman sneer ae eon he Dani an ope 20,185 ght ta 39 or be gM. "Mm at Cot 91,288 ‘pe osha 171 (8,0 "fiemnn, Prceaip. 26 26-28‘monn hinge Sc a Bsr Coe Ch 1) st goatmectnce Appin di tin Cossnivsin he Cha War be our ‘te Soc War be tr Slain congted Cane ond Canim abd succes Fall gh ana he Seaies (5221-22) the sdenieaton wih be Cosco. se who condodniliry capign Myriam s ery probe" Cason’ ‘warn Dalmatia orien mst ee sures, tough # stave ben ah porta war of cong the Ramans aera Id ars of eooguest" which ry conrad sin nthe ase lca, Europe rey repre boat is ‘pig, ying th be sud ter pu of Dalmatas epoed Sloan, ‘penn to yer at war anette Deane (64: apical tC ‘Coron pro onde muon parom Dalmatia sabe, Slones expe com Post sl Roma post bei eis). Th cronloy 5 01 ea, atthe year 78 seem bs the os ely.” Tate es wa in iu tho siced fen Ces whee speaking of M.A Bulan boris bay [iowa sero ct BE, no. oviusy Cason’ sori who wat a ‘hed of anpsting wth Connie’ trope tee Thi was cer fo Cosco Tecos as well as tom he viene oF may witeses (ro Cla. 97: gine ‘see ah co volta niprion © Coen teri aor estinons pl ‘am fc et). Thi ners by Bulls an be expan tam he {Suan schist cons GFR BC, Me. Aes Leppard ‘rth hi clagaeQ, Luts Cau andhavng Boe veal roca a Plc enn by the Sense osdad tos, Concise ety et edith the, Conon who Bia been sree he er Sra eptundaam. {The ee is mented by Vers Manis (el. bu ie eniao0 aco soem prota or cal reasons" Rows eompare ne xg of Conn ners oft aval a i say tao © Serpe Tunas” singe + cmpien asia apes, ‘ef aby Salita agus preserved ose ay cnet oss Sonnet with Cosco r2.0: ithe marched no lap’ [Prima mod Tappan igre). The Historie Sat debe eves ht nd en poe becwce Moan astm ter 7 BC, consequenye hroncogy weal ake the coonecton pn Hover sms st ltl fom eed impose tht ‘commander saw can wuld ve invaded the lp: Tay mal have ‘on canted tro Chain Gaul from Age, by 4 governor a Cisne ‘Gel Any conneton wth Coren des notte paste ta. Wien, Dla, 8,8 enon 08 3 recy heat a ena yn sal ep geet "aa Reena Cosco ad plety of conection with he eat, hou which only ie uc ae pesered Is knows tha th ar apa hem to a st to yeas ‘need wih cate of Salons, No dott Coss ait hi sy Datars the Aditi, a had mys Benth cise. Aman crouse interior of Hyrum woul hive been oo dangers befre Oca was, ‘bees, impo excep pera nthe ae tht he bd dct lo been {ctv it Luria” Howorer Ure aren able neatons fis, except a, ‘Varo know to hase Bean io Ltrs, hyptatially i the aus of Co as campigs ee ype). Cesconis’ achievements mst hve ben sg ‘which ety conned by thf that in he ie of Caer be Dente hac pay bute" Ors refer in parr Cosconi’ capture of alert Mero years of siege (52328 Coston pron saris Teun, pro 7 subactogue Dalmatia Salas urn vent, st nnn tone ‘xpupitefepit)Baopis metal that Conon Congered « eat et ‘ot Dalatia, wile Ors sumasized hs spotant events ree wordy, tothe enteme abreviton of hi saute, Conus cong f Salon aks i ear tnt ose tie before his campig, te Delma bad defiey taken ‘nero ty, making thr permanetpeseson Th a esd Sb, ‘oh rma tops mats moran town fhe Da sh he bao (GSSCSI5, When easel ths append fot knoe, oes 100 HC," Hho ded ved routce nthe son eninry Be pechope the Pera of ‘Artomorsof Epes writen towards thee ofthe sot cur" Poly ‘ne Delta congue Salons ely ash tie before Coscia waged wa guint nem Une hr ad Been ste testo wa in alata aes Conc ‘hu is war cems toe been devs tring pi istry lyre, his congue must have contd to lege ett othe realy ste ‘Stuaton i lyrica daring Caesar's prone in paicala 8 9 Roma ‘Sonus were parted ne rosie a hat ine. Peps romana og ‘aly important ifthe Dds beswecn the Dloattus and Luria tories hich ava led aban om ine ls outs alton itary wall ave original longed the elms e oth tine a os thor an ate othe ibn zai itn iri 8, 0H, 136, 30) Geman ys BRT Ns he pty Ba Sr 8 ie gant bin“TIE ARDEL AND PALARI, AND SER. PULVTUS FLACCUS 6. 2igpl who woe the Sit mpertat itary of yeu inthe made Sose co the won, comedy Keates to pete with the A and Pra ‘Sn thitetfestion as neve oon gutted” het oeaton at that tine Soe afer the Tin iyi War 167 BC, elosly comes withthe rot Westra of Roman yr, hich sown only aprons: The meson ‘the Dar Pig 73, who bad een award inmantr, ould act at [xen as isthe Na ier Nem) ands nt a a ky ht tl Ive extn ferther™ Eve he Naro maybe problema, Dui sem ob ‘ecole wh te dita Apia’ ext cape, n which he meno hat Tse BC rcs igus Hod fom he pursuing Demat sf the No. The Nina may hve ls cneepnod othe order oi kngdom of Gent, ince tek he Das had heen sbjecedto him, a wuld the datas Ea tose who i ethic bok fis Geograph laced te Ns opposte he ian Pharos eon hight bank a the Nero, ong hey Sete along The cent "ator the rian” (rite 1099," Appan means a 190 ot “lyu’peoples~ meaning cher tan hast menoet, ot whore Gene deg Latets) =e A end Par, takes Romania The Pca ate tioned forthe fatine ine irc wih Ate wer bie Aescribtnthe hid caper Hower mention of the was sages, oe ie the three chops concerning the lan war sous hy ple an porte ree ring thse wars i ral ht Api id ot ote he nae of Taming the And tad of Ais be corey elle them in it ‘hapten he oud the Shy fect name ia fen sore an hove ven elzed tthe cote be hstry he sume people Tn thc, tie taraon wo even more nua the rt ested event cones ‘resanrted in be son cher As, ot lr rm Appa stsemat what the Ariat ied win the borders of Roma Mya or onde ahough, ocging by Appian’ werd, the later ald be mere lea Howeser in Zippel opinion ey ha ben Jee y the Roman and nepal erms, were win ido thi so {heopinonotF. Cassis This war mow pokbly ue of ase Adie who bad ‘equa hr pon along the const ad ig in th soles die ‘hon they ware slay det nthe conse f ths Fit ian War probaby omeuteein the nad egion of iss an pero alsa dng the Soon "ig rca 17, 36 Seca Cate ine Dance, 208, 1. ian Wa. Te Pls 0, wh inbabied the tank fhe Nar Res, pokly ‘dong tly‘ psete bythe Romans, Some, or ever mon fhe Area tres may have hen sil ving oa so he mores ode Naz Roe. The tas lection of tee people bs ttt alex o sss oc had hanged in th course of istry. The regions sng eer course ofthe Naro ier, particule sctuding the town al emporium of Nara, mst have bee Alou in angus eon oft ret sratap recom soprtance™ Inti tine of Pri Sx rh cntry DC), hy ay ave etna oe NestacNowt anf Mani Estos, hs st boc nod, eed hefner ‘pps tine of Pau, exacy whore Sabo ae aed the Ane (133 (CS) The Anas may evan eet ate to hem’ Or, more obabls the Sia hal congue’ ested tho ince te Ne nt Mai ae longer document inthe sures ther me ny spears Pea Sls 20 Howove te name ofthe Mani rpemved nthe mare ofthe Maan Bay, sich ces to have been wer he Joon of ls, td extend om Tag = Selina no matin 6 Ca, Mia‘um (Top a, naing the import of Slat (ot) rain (Gi), Paro Hv ts (Vis) dlc Coney (Kn it mentioned in 1 Grek iat fr Slade oth Casrrian rad (4193, 1359, “Te ft that he Anda’ ae ot mestoed by Pues inhaling the oss nay inde tat orignal they hod boca seed more in he hinterland ot entety cle whether sn and 0 what ext theese lng the nee eure fhe Nato River sang ts ater dt atfee he hi Seta evans) othe Dasa, Peas andor Arde, abhough scoring een Stuck ad th esta pin, he broad are f Narn Would os hay have, eon th teria conald by the Duos” wn alvayysappored te Reems land whose etc, inh Soond ad sents BC, perhaps exnded rm The loner Nao as fara te pein of aj, wel a perhaps the etal scsi ofthe Tena River othe ex and soca ™ Tey mite the on, ‘ns with depicin of sip on the revere (Fi. 0, an indian tha mari ‘ompone’ af th econo purl ide as of considerable porta fee then" Tho Duos! ho bes subugte oe stan hig of Coie (ans proboy cre tat of Agron), us i desandbet thy i te Romane guns frtheiinsependenoc vi ter neigh n parle the Delman nmponcie ok howe mach esto they acct (On the oer ind fl Kran ht he Arne ged» most para lng cost nthe hind oentry BC.” Wal tia wh anim hugs of important yan aatuary et Nskovana Cave a Pee, wheal yas ‘worshipped in llenisictimss (or ois cetues BC), sate the npoted rec Helens tery "One fhe he popes mentioned, perhaps the Plerne, sthne ee seed on Peetac and desert sh tes ht pared tro she seu chan lng thepnieal Appian mosione ha a tee te tack of he Arias and Plemomthe ‘Rm dominion “ihe Romans wre ocapa ih other mater and hence nt ‘vse to ado them Tr vaso st hve coer ht etre 18 Ce year which the Romans et an cary whe kof tie the it {er peace A theme the Romane were a wa spanish expe “raping ion snap rom ec a em mn re ru, aS 5 Pe ve Sern, 10 ero on istry ad seit of tho Doors, Mai, Baars, 1973; onthe erty 11) Earlier rp ee Satie are are Cre, 2008. ea aoe ‘ess ne Ean Fr Cs BC ined several deste cons of 137 BCC. Hoss Manis, was fice 0 ‘sre o the Numan) ard prefered not wage mann onsen, the mises led nd the Rosas ci to ata the iva bes wah sy of 1,00 int apd 60 cavalry sie, e, when gions, serie fot Api’ text ht be adr of he wo srading ops viel ure ‘imstedthe ost prom an ash espone oe Roa sito he a secede negutions, THe nett enemys soli ft the atk, tt sine eventually they rtd oe ny compensa ss eid by th Seta, onl tho Jer, Ser lie Fcc wae seo he HSBC! Appan aed thatthe wa mst ve boon nd os meta’ fr be ‘ld nr day dats on ow ended. [Ly repated that he Foe are uh by ‘cons bias Placa” (Per 56 lin Flac coma arden rio sabe), The Pea {eat meted tts costo of thi capi may be spore tit Pcs very meat ees et at et othe Aa od posty ‘Sas its sbt thet delne maybe counecad ith hese evs: Szabe, Ronee, i ot son the dia hy dsl uner Pubs Fass ‘esaidmeey tt they wer eral he Vc CIS C8: Olahans 2 rag Exdaoes ris gain.) as as ben sen they lady appear athe Vas Li Sebo fr meted ht hey ee riven by the Rema tener af Dain fom th conte Wire hha reat pray. They tad nd wh tamer ey and po nx "sui fr aria thst sun rte roe at ey snot lsapented Ud). This scented ty Ps reat ht y hist ts Var, ‘ho ba once Dena reat menace Rome ad st than twenty decor 1318 © pnts quod eine Vad! non pias ua 0k darts) ‘Theft tht Sab didnt mean Faces wl and tat pin i a ton is itary carpi great vitor, ney thre et vt pay such dei ral inthe ior ofthe Arlo Taey my hae etd me of "ir sength an inthe per fe. 78 years baveen Face chnign sd Coosa’ poop in Galina iyi (9 BC) ey mey hae pely iad oman era. The dst sare eported y Sta ha abet ‘em, thir deperttion, cou he ecu ome inet thi pei peas "he eure fe pong rn lsum nsaed y Consonant va no dou cased in parca by tsi cy, alo mented by Sa, since feof of Sa eh, Mie WS, 48-8 986,96. ~ Chom Shar, alt Tc gw ef Be takcarcino stn a sr ee BC 1) pias wee aay ser pti bythe Romane Tei analog he cout ‘ro py appopeltd ty the town a he eretces whee my alan {hd Roms migrants cameo ele coe. Piracy ws oe ofthe main ibs fr te Fist yan Wa hts the fst confit ofthe Ronn wis yas th tho Fastin goers: Demet dis tte Paso ere ont the Romane in he Send ian Wa besaze ‘psy ad pater ateed wn expla pista he ast ine aT Tyco ding Gcvin's Iran wars 0 35-33 BC, when be crmpletely exe ‘insted enki of he land of Bick Corer ad Mele Mle) Ac rings Appin, ho ed Avast’ Camera de fut erp hi Seung ne ill andthe bors ere sll mo slavery yr 1647). Bye ie of (teins wart sength ofthe Arlt ave Boney broken, sce they were tot ented anon tetany tes satdie in the couse of ee wars scot thi tans happened tore Coser, sioce we bv tie Ake soon his wae ad omer ntadng sealing eum, ‘nich hey rao not nes. Mt probly hy mas hve Ben ery mach Iekone during th inane conics ih be Date, ho were pray i tulad bing te col spo he nutes and note of Sans, Tin documented sorghald on he cos. ‘Siifatly, Appian seer mentioned hat Aon Selongat tthe Aden dy rast which oa of he any ctr tat eid ot have 95) kao ‘geo the bstery of rn The ign of Agron as 8 doubt th pero of te eset xaos a polis! power ofthe Aras thy detned cosinor ‘arth pian War int carta the data concerning he Aine ad ‘Aura in Anja’ thd hater soul be corset aida erm fe, ‘noe te chp cology very etree. The wars etme 0 pops, om which the Aaaae emerged vistors C7), cal os probly emi opera lng bfie the Fre iyi Wa be ino esi nson ofthe Aas anders ates ite s bead the Aare ‘ferar =o pero fer deat by Sex. Pali Pees Dost this ty ‘mat ave besos anesy pe othe nor ower eosin peoples These ‘se pops emailed eae povertleer eens they were at ited ihe nlc wth he Romans sch aete ibur or esse hey ware a sean pope Iaascenson, suchas the etme “The Anes Po are abo meson onthe ia Sto, confining te etc with Appin’ “Aree and Pal He ade meting ofthe er ‘ving dsr the ane ofthe Dele he mown 0 Ain, tasted inthe ile of Dalai ving into coneal nd ind par The nae of ‘is movin yom tbe rtd 0 he Aen myopia nt likey ls he a ein fhe must a once Do inated He Sal Kon, Pray 20 > Ph tn ale Gani, Crna Gor 18.92, Se 2. ite ein ea png, by Wn ir pee Noi Andi Hower, athe tine of tbo or hs source thi asthe testy ofthe Deimate (ig 75) Peps tena Adri shh berate the Ait Sen “Accorling to Sabo, the Arie woud be ose in th cbs egos eppone "he und af Paar, nd he Pee oppose lack Corey comes fe Nar ‘iver and hase who oe seed nthe riot alo thr, th Door (= Dai Si he aie a Plc: nat fara the ltr th and of Bast Corr, ‘he fndaion oth Cnn, hie a far rms hand of Phar “i sinated, former called Pars he foundation ofthe Para 55 C315 ‘Naa von al ii a oi Red wa pa, de sare veg fda Kuga angel i Kidango on uy St Bn ar Cm 19-1)BAe den, Migs Meany brag Maya qr avin sso ‘al 2.165) Sato pesage hasbeen pushy F Papas wh ted hm, in he soubor lyri resin peseay Monee” The Arie were cen ‘any lo aed nth hela, lange Nar River teat fa he Kon ‘exon bere thy bode on the Ariat, ast whom thy had ought oe ‘ome inp springs, ikem frm Sabo (7511 C307, ad ae any ‘Bow aber in he Mirah cutelatonr (al Sasueran darn) 3 Cre to Arte (15 S44}. These sou probaly He sug at Orvis ‘er Kon ah Sr data ae in aceordace wih Ms id ise nor on concerning the Ara, sceaing 0 which the Pui popes exieoded 2s fara Dalat dams! oe Ata (233 C316 7510317, One of Dapsogh angen for sekng he Ai ako omewboe inthe tata of ‘cuter pris isthe tan Poy, who mentioned tat ey hl bees sbdee bythe Romans inthe Fis ltn War 2110) “The Fomans toot Epidammas nde ter protection and advanced nts he ito he tne th ie [Mbd the dre, and rccved sever enue ofering sured, among ers hea the Parthia ard ina” 209 BC, he Ariel wee were Sethorky of Macedon, anda etre Seen an Prat (Li, 275013) Ina agent of Sabot monic tht acon eee he oy nthe Atari Dardan an Ariat (7) Frm these conten i ld ‘Sul hat te Arie shoul le be sought somehow tthe hen of Li ‘sand perhaps ne bso Eid, This would ot beings, fine thi yma od boone lyin hing and consent some arte ‘the Arie oy hae ein orem prs ofthe King. Mos eran ‘hey eapnded srs the Naro River nna he Danian cast es id ‘at ume Aarons nay Ardiacan a id Cass Di, no dot cre), ba Alvaysteleredts Agron athe iri king Te sening compat fe ina nyse a exgusn a th Adie which col nly be explained cathe ‘nc hand by migrations poraps partly die tthe Celi is an, on eh, a intr ete is thatthe Areas day pecs at he te of Ages ther entitle the iran inom, wisn he Aras ay hve mpd et thr ener many incr peoples tes (76) However the i sees! athe tne of Sabu oar (econd entry ‘BC? mut have ben ete repos ofthe Nao River, Ces tine hey mee ceca stle the hora of area ices sve fe fom Naren © "ake reopen het en (ad fm 89,18 772-9). The Arie and Pea mee tlbomastined ngetar by Sabo fo parapets at he ou gins extend fa the bay td the tow of Rizo (787 C316 SSS ese We he ri aS apne ale "Soa dr, 5 dn bene nbn deep he ‘Sepa Ago cagisor tuto nt So ne Eats Pat Camas BCen He) May ats nip Neda sal Dein ening sa Pay 2B) Wd dh sh (C SEMPRONIUS TUDITANUS AND TL. (LATINTUS?) PANDUSA In 29 BC, when Sempron Taino 8 onl the Senate osteo im bjt powers a te ngraransomminann ela ty Te Specs ‘races Accoding to Apia, wba mention te eens ofthe ta th co ‘rovers Gracchan ests Wak doe athe upseton of Corl Sco ‘Arians, the dstoye of Caraga tho wih fe fain allies, The em Aviso of and eo tos any jai, wi the vans hat sad om ‘teased geeraldacomert The onal Taian ws apie ye Senate tthelodgmeatin thse acest of he tram Hower, sei the dtu fey ofthis work, edi to march agate can io dW ho fing his poly apo pos sje ec 1178-80) He ase Ran 91 20S 986,28,‘inet Sor BE a 1018) vfs ota nny ale, ee pina hese accel meatal Serre Se eee te esr SRR Stet ces cou foc pers roel ew neg te SS bree a en arta ce Shearer es Se pa mails Dacian eae Ser oe reaper ee er ease eras ied ban a en oa tines ements Cac pt ne oe Se ee ota ta Sone ee dee eed eer geen ara ee ee ree Dep ea ners ne mapa Spree tee a cen ee ee cate cries ea Poe Pomme eres femme Patecleirenpearaal ca earnaneer ed Ce Pate pe Sci a Spek een De allt oe cece t Dei ealnacieemmesaitdipectenataare eee tee pieced Soir os aie en icone Sere ee “ een ete Te egeaar tee gh Mons 8136 Tegra oak be siemens Ls Prat kaowa hae he ei pera PR. "Stein Maps 1) xed ts beta ef ice ingen ied) Pasie, Ge as 17, 3030, "pai fv cates fer oon Ss dros, 0,22 ‘Spun Mor 8 an Pasa 200,27 on lone 310 So, B96 80. nan Rea marc arne- eon Pas Cone BC: 1) ofthe sume yee (cr. Deas ns. 1, 8, 8. Appin id ot refer sy ther popes and vec ly the wr agi ths lap waned be met ‘import e he Reman. Pin, bower, metoned Tuas war guint he Hint and by hving sclera othe Ts Rive he preety Kika Del ‘ans also sade the Lsturnetnan wo had congue the Har ae hs sare serie te tone from Agee the Tis Rv 1009 stadt" Qh S129 tas ql dowel Hos ta su rip AB ‘Auta ad Tsu fame sae MB, Dee) "Ter a doat ht lest sme ior lity eat et ave acura {a Mtr, bose the poo Hosta rte an opis abou he Histon Wa, ie ‘elu Hiram tpt 0 Tame = of whch erly fo set ftagmens survive The Histan pat ofthe campaign of Tain cy are been only stole o carslte Roma cool a Hiri, when ten ad no een eu sibugtd. ste to hive bun ese nly i pt Tesh in terms of sever separ agreements between the Romate a cl ‘omni Titans adores ee same part he stra ory te yeas the anodes nose to tis hos bing exposed ote, ban vee pie the Hist Is lw probable tats Roman empha ate en prvae by sone mar eve he His abe ine." TMG. Mots agued tht Flay wed sada isan he expected Roran rls because the measure ected Ye o Tana’ joursey made by ce, ‘This journey woul net hve taken or than wee i, cen th west ad ‘een untvarble. The Romans mae ne of woo exiting Grok deen ‘fou aol war «cmon Roman sage o meni das by ‘es, which on th ober han, were eter ied to donot an everind dane “Toatanuiolenat wie Liban, wi cat be prety tnd had ‘consejos he ot ht rater he Libra ee leo he Horan In eran ese, Livia may hae bec eared atl etenson Kal, ‘wich muy be ene by fe lye ats (acum, mana) ome Liban comma lise by Pliny (319), wore awarded aa ao (ha ha gt andlor ms Were jn y seven otf futon La ‘iat communis whthr oa his mean hat terms of minisratonthey ‘onl have ech conse srepsered a ay Sere of the reasons fr er igs ny have each bak in on caly peri of iit. isntren a da pda 1-18 © ein br i, Mone 87-19%, ian Pos 8 Gti 0.ing at opoted the Hist he Libri had never feed any ognize toto the Ronan easton ratte theta sources. The Tits River "epost the soar onde he Liban eres. Acorn to Monge, “icone iterton wa o tp Luria pay: be ied fr it ede fre ‘ot turnin pts on tasking hie sappy sips. This patos mpi, ‘rich nassau achive ina shor time, would ave proeded smasn tk ‘Toi th Ht and laps, However, ice the ine vale Titanan {i is camplging was limites, aod sce he eapernced sential Se), ‘isan tonto fo ene rian wasn have pte Ben les init ‘ne th cal pul, treo ements Roan pow ad win them one iponatny, or pss en sre fermerapreemens wy same ‘dom, No ois onthe at Tagan he pen ae nested ‘ry sou, hay exlation of ican Labuan es of jan ‘Son tel patel,” "tno campaign ter mena so fare iscsi: an ‘base fr statue, copered among the ras fhe eas et Duin (Devi) wot far from th mots the Tears ULLRP 334), ad na vers nso re tho sts the rate vty of Agile (LRP 359)" Ir aa pone ‘yan the rapt ts eogping ood the same marmot nt mee far eae of ieee prneaase but lithe iret eter Mera “pont, ie sme sins Defoe im, tht he is sascrpcon mia hve very Ty ben an nition om sate representing Tans, whieh is menoned bo Pin pesap connie narestve ot his dads Hever, mb he nig petro (C]Sempronins C2 /[ldomu oo. [oa cate ‘rant be rcosratd. The Sue which dcoring 0 ny woul Kae ep Seed Tudanas his, was wot eed in Aguile, Because in Pays et 6 (andere hs creado fe pal Pefrce ote Hise Ate ie tf Toa the boeder with Hiss enol ar the Tinavi, The sae ‘rs moet roby erected at Fons Tem an ancient sce poe pr xeon, Ihre et only inser inant worsh ped, a tee wa ne 1G Disnads, ontned by Saba Puybive meted tha te owe of the ‘uu whore toemergs fom te cath an cle by the lol nabs “the moter ad ign of he se” preserved in Stab 518.624). Paap he Apt on Tani’ br sie enti Wop "The econ ery fgmentary crip i Stennis, composed of ‘Mestre repose ox moramen Ay, Stn, 2,87 3; aloo 90 Fagen, which has nally heen end aan lag, bt a esetly been pas explained ss «tbls mph thee later eats el brated th dees af te Reran magists whl ey wert al, wheres he ogo somiemire he test inp even of tir carer ser eth “The eaebrtory iron of Tada ofr the eet carpe of abl ‘ramphals ude Rome neve sie Hy, sine Aula wa a Clas (aa The let rage fhe meron wa fund in IT (nd esate a 100) at Menasee ss Ageia wil he at fragment en 0 Ugh in 1906 in tbe oute of pling down a dg oer he Aiea bewoen Cervignan a Nuscol near Ag Avon Preeti who at pubshed te fro agmens ts ionging oon and these sr lho he do at song ‘tic iserton ed rnin onthe boss of aera othe el Sten cerry HC, Le tthe tne of Taam! Te it ety a ‘ton Tus writes ie Satunian vac were H, Desa Bh Bod apmeats tok oa he serene ofthe serpin ae ety losog at ibe Denning a al he esting tines are map on hee The Sisto ics fe ao mising arts on he ih, wil the einige ‘srecamagedin hcl at The en of theron scons obs peered Psy reconstructed, th serpin rns lows [= -jRe er rarrascos cf.) Eo yscoacros ate E-JR OPINED ovat HIT F-jtevers consi-—08 Teo rnaves OIBRG mRIVMPY “DEBIT TiMavO leo sJudEr aesTrTM.- REIS TRADIT. ‘The usergion meno fn adlton ore thre gna mons the Tour Tuan = ump, a the rer dy Tasos aything elec Jotre Nonthles, Biches extant fagmesary nein ot = epi by A. Dept (ILLRP 898), and as the ase ar all are propor oF ‘Reontctng Taam’ capi [erie of euros Caraquet ibrnas [ermonjureaaos j=] (Mors fer mar. mam a os) [hs quieting (organ ir ful ot Jie (Se Re, 1,96 psp choc Sate 5h ‘rer co : wa gh aan, 5-loi sgis consis proto Ttanue (Mora te consis ‘pracipa) Its Roma prot, praca] dt Tane (Maan: stage} sad Tina) (dopant vemos) ule’, Moai’ and ober sggetons fr sgpements were nese in Naan, nth our of is proconsueip in bath Gale ayia, Cas, who as ey ater promoting Romain ae instal vel a wal awed Roma ee "hip the Trnepadant anda the fhe isan who nt et pes {nd not probly ode econ a Teese He ude alo sported spent eh nay AD ay toy ‘Pas a, 75 face pe ISSin ser and seu, a sete y thet at Son ars poco ‘hip Roma clones were exableln Plain isi and a he et inex ‘Sot wn of iu Sale, Neon, ery probaly Epidaurm csr’ tions ae miny Koon Som hie own wrtgs, aswell te Ba um echo, pple by ae Cleo a er no®-comternprary srtrs Nopetese, nt mh son of Caesar ies nica, eter ver th ie comdeed Irie of get src mpranc, whch seed ist fal bythe ts of be Vata fa, by which he was assgool semi Rasa Pa 9, atin, and oes by his lai, awards he eo of $0 BC, hte was eady to ‘ve opal power uni he shouldbe acted con (ig ion Tang ‘Ga ekep fr Cislpinn with ica and en eon Sunes ded, fen ey yeu with oregon (Su, al 204 a dl ct ogion ns Trarslpnagve Gall duce gine Clalsina province ale cum iio concdertar goa conta fee) Appa, won geal ood theascmuns tat be exceed ois oe nea tloed she sane cle ‘ony the frst option 232126), bl undeabeelySictoiusscrsn dsrves tl crdliy: Desite Csr wares f the gst importa of Ipc, whith served as rg betwee aly and Macedonia unm gener esl hare neglected eH bce aoa aware the dase eaten. ing Hay fom lca afer the rata sess a Pope's adhe ne ‘Akai, teen ten be was mote ae easement het Os ‘te who te Pompein psn prt M Otis, le nisin pai) ‘he Ada, ecking and obtuinig ate supp ror the Deltas ao ob ‘om same cer popes wel le the Cavarians wee cement al tlic, Caan nee ‘on Alcona, arb, in a) nts ofthe vous chica «crepancy, ht could at ve Ben Gini’ miso, mene by Aga ‘apie [2 the Mic, a the sang of Cabin” ry, a hang outed ‘ele Phasals, Hower, the eco part of Apis secon renga Gab ina” defen, oes in ot er 0 he sme succes eam a dered a the Bellon eran. G. Masso convnnly nye dts in Aon ering Gatini, coming he eonelain at Cabs wie reed eee fran Cast rng ope rons the Adin th fn ie eo Paras fo ‘wing referees to Cava te second ee er Pompeys een, orig ad {9 Cones nyc. The dfs octet he to missions exe te stn expan temas moa ote complex caps, as Den ame Fir, Apion vide cone he to ect ing tht one a te ‘Some Tu inher 12h mr th ezinning of he fist expel athe Appa’ accu of Gain dean cape 12 soe spementd with abl: oferingt Tbr warn 12-9 HC) wc Md ot een tert cio rng he ill period afr he death Caesar. Aer th pay uauccesful campaiga of A Calas (48 BC) and the eupaigs of. Vis (45-44 BC), which ae controversy Inept. L Maris Cesoins muy snr nad toy Oa wu naa tra tin fin Tey alpen oh {ernie eae