Waste Treatment System (Case Location: Palangkaraya City, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia)

ALFONSUS Sri Agseyoga (Student) Yutaka DOTE (Professor) Environmental Planning and Waste Management - report

OVERVIEW OF WASTE PROBLEM As a result of the increasing levels of consumption by community and other activities are also has effect on increasing waste / effluent generation. Waste / effluent Landfill generated from the activity and private consumption, better known as the domestic waste has become an environmental problem that must be handled by the government and the society itself. The domestic waste, both liquid waste and solid waste into the environment due to problems in quantity and level of danger interfere with human health, pollute the environment, and disrupt the lives of other living creatures. Especially for garbage or household solid waste, an increase in the amount of waste generated in Indonesia is expected to increase 250% by year 2029 City Center (predicted). Palangkaraya is one of development city in Indonesia. As the capital city of Central Fig. 1 Palangkaraya City and landfill location Kalimantan, it has 2,400 km2 covered area and Source : Government of Palangkaraya, 2009 has approximately 302,402 people in 2012 based on statistical data. The volume of waste generated from any activity in Palangkaraya City based on the results of the analysis conducted. Assumptions estimate the magnitude of waste generation is 2 liters / person / day for domestic waste, while for non-domestic activities (commercial) by 15% of domestic waste. On the basis of the assumption that the estimated volume of waste generation in Palangkaraya City is in 2009, volume of waste amounted to 548.61 m3 which consisting of : 1) Domestic Waste 451.54 m3, and 2) Non-domestic Waste 96.01 m3. For the landfill site it planned far away from city center which shown on Fig. 1, and it planned by the
local government.

1.

EXISTING WASTE FACILITIES AND INFRASTRUCTURE Currently the waste facility located in Palangkaraya City still far from enough to handle waste production. The conditions of service of existing waste facility is almost fully utilized to serve the production of waste in the city center itself. Table 1 shows information about waste facility in Palangkaraya City. 3.

2.

Table 1 Waste facilities in Palangkaraya City by 2006 No. 1 2 3 4 5 Types Dump truck Arm roll truck Wheelie bin Temporary landfills landfill Amount 10 4 20 177 1 Capacity 180 m3/day 120 m3/day 25 m3/day 597 m3/day 10 Ha

Source : Government of Palangkaraya City, 2009

EXISTING WASTE TREATMENT SYSTEM AND SOME OBSTACLES Some obstacles in waste management system in Palangkaraya City not only seen on human behavior, but also its facility and infrastructure. Those obstacles can be detailed as follows: 1) People around river, commonly throw away the trash into the river, 2) In a crowded place, temporary landfill is small and lack of capacity, 3) Some vehicles for transporting the waste are lack of quality, for a fact there is a leak while moving the trash, 4) Lack of quantity of waste truck make high maintenance cost, effect will shorten the life of the vehicle, Waste generation commonly occur in urban areas. Table 2 shows the system applied is the same as in urban waste management systems in general, which includes, namely : 1) garbage placing, 2) collecting, 3) removal, 4) hauling, and 5) street sweeping.

Table 2. System applied for waste management Methods Garbage Placement Explanation placement is generally performed by residents, except on paths and surrounding protocol. In general, residents put trash containers at places that do not interfere with the aesthetics of the environment. shopping centers, pathways-protocols and few settlements are individual systems or door to door removal step is done by means of various size of temporary landfills, which are generally found in a residential area. urban waste transportation system is done by using the means of transport, such as wheelie bins, timber trucks, dump trucks, and others. street sweeping operations carried out on road lanes protocol.

Collecting Removal Hauling Street sweeping

Source : Government of Palangkaraya City, 2009

To determine the level of waste management issues in Palangkaraya can be done by using gap analysis, which is a method that compares the requirements and available management can be planned so that the provision of waste management capacity of the next 5 years. Fig. 2 shows the gap analysis under visible gap waste generation and treatment capacity are available each year needs to be large enough so that the waste management plan development program next five years. Gap analysis below assumes growth in line with the needs of trash projected population growth (0.90%). Initial waste generation 2.5 liters / person / day increasing numbers each year. While the capacity of the existing waste management assumed only able to serve only 60% in 2009 and expected to increase its capacity to 80% by 2013.

m3 / day Year Waste Generation Capacity of Treatment Fig. 2 Gap analysis of waste management in Palangkaraya City Source : Government of Palangkaraya City

4.

NEW PLAN FOR IMPROVING WASTE TREATMENT SYSTEM (GOVERNMENT VIEWPOINT)

Transporting Household Waste Management Collection Regional Scale Waste Management

Direct Collection (Door to Door)

Fig. 3 Scheme of new paradigm of waste treatment (government viewpoint) Source : Government of Palangkaraya City, 2009

Final Landfill

Fig. 3 shows the flow / scheme of new paradigm for waste treatment system by government viewpoint. to manage the garbage first thing to be noted is the policy of the government which is made with a comprehensive approach that can be used as an umbrella for the development of policies at the central and local levels. The absence of government policies should make it difficult for waste management. Strategic policy set by the new government at this stage is to perform the technical aspects of waste reduction by applying the Reduce, Reuse and Recycle (3R), with the hope in 2025 achieved "zero waste". Final disposal place (landfill) recommended by the experts by using the sanitary landfill, system can be equipped with a means of composting and utilization of waste into recycled raw materials. Residual waste that cannot be recycled or composted then burned and stored in a sanitary landfill pond. This process can be called Integrated Waste Treatment Plant (IWTP), or also known as Instalasi Pengolahan Sampah Terpadu (IPST), which flow process is shown on Attachment 1. CHARACTERISTIC OF WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN JAPAN Japan is an advanced country which has a leading nation in scientific research, particularly technology, machinery and biomedical research. In waste management, Japan has solid waste management and recycling technology for sustainable society (Ministry of the Environment, 2012). Many kinds of technology that Japan has refer to waste management system, such as : 1) collection and transport, 2) municipal waste incineration technology, 3) medical waste disposal technology, 4) PET bottle recycling technology, 5) home appliance recycling technology, 6) biomass utilization technology, 7) waste landfill technology. Japan has adequate waste facilities and infrastructures, with good relation and cooperation between government and resident. And also Japan has already stipulated the law to bare the whole of waste management/treatment system/plan. In Tokyo, they use semi-aerobic landfills which had developed in joint study by Fukuoka University and Fukuoka City. Some features of this landfill system are as follows: 1) Better leachate quality than anaerobic landfill 2) Low emission of greenhouse gases 3) Landfill stabilizes faster than anaerobic type 4) Less underground water pollution from leachate 5) Cheaper to operate and manage CONCLUSION Respectively from the explanation before, so there are some conclusions refer to waste treatment/management system for Palangkaraya City, namely: 1) Palangkaraya City as development city, and also Indonesia should learn from other advanced country, especially Japan for the waste management system. 2) Palangkaraya City should make a better relation and cooperation between government and the resident to realize the sustainable society and environment through handling the waste problem and realize the zero waste. 3) The private sector (or third party) can play role to help this city (Palangkaraya City) for increasing the quantity and quality of waste facilities and infrastructures. REFERENCES Government of Palangkaraya City. 2009. Medium Term Development Program. Palangkaraya. Ministry of the Environment. 2012. Solid Waste Management and Recycling Technology of Japan - Toward a Sustainable Society. Japan 6. 5.

Attachment 1. Flow of waste management/treatment plan by government viewpoint

Source of Waste

Self-Management

Separation Process

Sorting Process

Organic Waste

Inorganic Waste

Feasible for Compost

Not Feasible for Compost

Not Feasible for Recycle

Feasible for Recycle

Residue

Sanitary Landfill

Ash Mixed Selection

Incinerator

Source : Government of Palangkaraya City, 2009