(a) The ways in which service users access health, social care and early years services, including:

self-referral professional referral third party referral (b) Barriers which exist to accessing these services, including: Physical barriers including stairs, lack of lifts and lack of adaptations Psychological barriers including social stigma, fear of loss of independence Financial barriers including services that are means tested, services that are charged for and those which have fees attached Geographical barriers including distance of services provider from service user residence, poor transport links Cultural/language barriers including differing cultural beliefs, differing first language Resource barriers including staff shortages, postcode lottery, lack of local funding, great local demand.

Objectives: All will be able to identify the three different types of referrals. Most will be able to assess health and social care scenarios and explain the correct referral.

Below are a number of anagrams try and figure out what these words mean. GO! GO! GO!

Drat Phi Try = Pilafs sooner felS = are Brr i = ic veers = lrferare =

TASK- Work with the person next to you and think of as many different services that is available to use in the health and social care environment.

TASKWhat does a referral mean? Work with the person next to you to come up with a definition. Now using the boxes below, come up with the definition of each type of referral.

Extension: Think of an example of each method of referral.

TASK- Read each scenario and place the correct method of referral in to the box.
Scenario
A customer collapses in the shop where Geeta works. She immediately calls the emergency services Paul has a very high temperature and sore throat. He visits his GP. Kate has been feeling out of breath. After an initial examination, her GP arranges for her to have a chest x-ray. Cathy is concerned about her daughters best friend after overhearing a conversation between the two of them. She telephones social services. Saskia has been experiencing severe headaches. She makes an appointment to have her eyes tested at the opticians.

Method of referral

TASK- You need to create two different scenarios about referrals. You will be swapping your booklet with your peer to test that they understand the different types of referrals.

A good one looks like this; Jim lives alone since his wife died last year and he has not been able to manage cooking and cleaning very well. His neighbour often calls in and cooks a meal for him. The last time she called to see Jim his neighbour noticed he looked very unwell and had developed a bad cough. His neighbour telephoned Jims doctor to arrange a visit.

What do these images remind you of and why? Write it down in your booklet

What experiences have you had when accessing a type of health and social care service?

TASK- Using you circle chart, place the different types of barriers into each circle. Extension- Give examples of each barrier

Language Financial

Psychological

Barriers To Care:
Resources Geographical

Physical

Cultural

Objectives:

Key Words Stairs Lifts Adaptions

To be able to identify some physical barriers to services. To describe methods that can be used in health and social care services to overcome these barriers.

TASK- You are going to make a floor plan of a service of your choice. The idea behind this is for you to show as many different ways of adapting a physical environment to minimise physical barriers. Extension: For each barrier tell me why it is important to overcome each barrier in a service.

Financial Barriers
Objectives: To be able to identify some financial barriers to services. To describe methods that can be used in health and social care services to overcome these barriers.

TASK- Get out your mobile phone and find out: The price of prescriptions Who are exempt from charges for prescriptions The price of sight tests Who are exempt from charges for sight tests

Price of prescription?

Who are exempt?

Then answer the questions below

Price of sight test?

Who are exempt?

Read the paragraphs below and fill in the gaps..

He alth, social care and e arly ye ars se rvice s are some time only available if the y pay some or all of the costs involve d in providing the m. For e xample , unle ss you fall into an e xe mpt group you will have to pay charge s for NHS pre scriptions, e ye te sts and de ntal se rvice s. The financial costs of the se and othe r se rvice s can act as a barrie r to care for some pe ople . The range of he alth, social care and e arly ye ars se rvice s provide d by companie s and individual practitione rs who make up the private se ctor are only available to pe ople who can afford to pay the fe e s for the se se rvice s. Some pe ople pay into insurance sche me s or are give n he alth insurance by the ir e mploye e s to cove r the se costs. Howe ve r, many of the pe ople who would have othe rwise had to pay out of the ir own pocke t are put off by the cost of private se ctor fe e s. As a re sult financial barrie rs do pre ve nt some pe ople from obtaining some forms of he alth, social care and e arly ye ars se rvice s that the y would othe rwise be ne fit from. In social care , adult se rvice s are me ans te ste d. This me ans that se rvice use rs have the ir savings and income asse sse d be fore se rvice s are provide d fre e of charge . This me ans that some pe ople will have to pay the majority or all of the ir costs. Those who dont have the mone y or e mploye r to support the m are like ly to se e the cost of the private se ctor costs as a financial barrie r to the m gaining the se rvice s the y re quire.

NHS pre scriptions financial barrie rs mone y

financial barrie r me ans te ste d private se ctor costs

insurance sche me s e mploye r cost of private se ctor fe e s

TASK- As we have now learnt that not all services are free, in the table below create a list of different services, both that we have to pay for and what the NHS pays for.

NHS paid services

Private funded services

Geographical barriers
Objectives: To be able to identify some geographical barriers to services. To describe methods that can be used in health and social care services to overcome these barriers.

TASK- Your job for this barrier is to research your doctors surgery and place it into a poster. Geographical barriers can prevent services user accessing extremely important services that provide them with the day to day support that they need to survive. The key for this poster is to find out whether your GP surgery encounters these barriers. Finish this for homework

Objectives: To be able to identify some psychological barriers to services. To describe methods that can be used in health and social care services to overcome these barriers.

Work with the person next to you and think of as many different ideas as to why someone may not want to use a service.

Find out the terms below

Key Term Definition

Social stigma
Fear of loss of indepe ndence Embarrass ment Fear of the conseq uences

Why not challenge yourself and give an example of each definition.

TASK- Highlight the key parts of the following case study. Then answer the questions on the next page
Edna is 74 years old, her husband Eric sadly died a year ago and Edna is struggling to cope. Edna is a very independent person who refuses help from her family and will not even go to the doctors if she is ill. She has suffered with arthritis for many years now and she is struggling to cook for herself and maintain her day to day personal hygiene. Edna is very strong minded and feels as though she is perfectly healthy, even though she is not and believes that residential homes are where you incapable within society and you are left their alone.

Possible answers
Psychological barriers including social stigma, fear of loss of independence Some people avoid seeking medical or social care help for psychological reasons This may be because of:
Embarrassment Lack of concern about their health or well-being Fear of the consequences

For example, fear of losing independence, the stigma associated with some services and not wanting to be looked after can deter people from making use of care services.

TASK- Write down as many different languages that you can see.

TASK- Then answer the questions in your booklet

Video Analysis- Write down all the language/culture barriers from the clip.
Cultural/Language barriers in video clip
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YpiAhxaE_oI&feature=player_detailpage

TASK- Find out what all of the following words mean!

Word
Jargon

Definition and example

Slang
Dialect

Ethnic
NBM Mother tongue Translator Interpreter

MOOD BOARD TIME

Create a mood board of how you could overcome at least 6 language barriers, (you can use pictures and annotate them to say how you overcome them
To EXCEED my expectations tell me some of the implications of overcoming these barriers!

Heres my example:
People who have a visual impairment may find it difficult or impossible to read a leaflet that is given to them. Braille helps people who are blind to read leaflets from health and social care services.

Objectives: To be able to identify some resource barriers to services. To describe methods that can be used in health and social care services to overcome these barriers.

What does resource mean? ...........................

TASK- In pairs work together and think of as many different resource barriers.

Write out the definitions for each of the key words

Key words Staff shortages Postcode lottery Local funding Local demand-

TASK
On the next page create a list of ideas of how health and social care services can overcome resource barriers.

Resource barrier How to overcome this barrier

Extension: Explain the implications of overcoming each barrier, e.g. costs.

Implications of overcoming barriers

Barriers Project Mr Smith and Miss Morgan have requested that you undertake a barriers project around school. Your job is to use all the knowledge that you have learnt over the past weeks and identify the barriers that exist within school. You will use this information and create a PowerPoint with all your findings. Once you have done this you must then think of all the ways in which we can change the school to overcome these barriers and include this in your presentation. You will present your findings and suggestions to the rest of the class. In addition to this you are going to work in small groups to prepare a formal letter that will be sent to Mr Smith and Miss Morgan with your investigation and your solutions.

Final TaskRead through each of the barriers case studies and answer the following questions; 1) Which barrier is preventing each person from getting the health or social care service that they need? 2) Suggest ways the barrier could be overcome.