A SEMINAR REPORT ON AN ENERGY-EFFICIENT VLSI ARCHITECTURE FOR COGNITIVE RADIO WIDEBAND SPECTRUM SENSING

Submitted By SHOUKEEN A K Reg.No: M.Tech - VLSI DESIGN

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING AWH ENGINEERING COLLEGE, CALICUT, KERALA UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT 2013-2014

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the seminar report entitled An Energy-Efficient VLSI Arc hitecture for Cognitive Radio Wideband Spectrum Sensing is a bonafide record of seminar presented by Ms. SHOUKEEN A K of first semester M.Tech, in partial fulfi llment of the requirement for the award of M.Tech degree in Electronics and Comm unication Engineering. Staff in ch arge: Place: Calicut Date:

Head of the Department:

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The joy and satisfaction that accompany the successful completion of any task would be incomplete without being grateful to those who made it possible. It is with great pleasure that I extend my gratitude to all my teachers and frie nds who have given me their whole hearted support throughout. Above all I would like to thank God, Almighty, for having showered his blessings on me.

CONTENTS Title Page No ABSTRACT 1. INTODUCTION 1 2. SPECTRUM SENSING IN COGNITIVE RADIO 3 2.1 TYPES OF SPECTRUM SENSING. 2.2 ATTRIBUTES OF SPECTRUM SENSING. 2.3 SPECTRUM SENSING INSTABILITIES. 3. CONVENTIONAL WIDEBAND SENSING APPROACHES 4. ENERGY-EFFICIENT WIDEBAND SENSING ARCHITECTURE 9 4.1 CASCADED FILTER-BANK CHANNELIZATION 4.2 MULTITAP-WINDOWED FFT FILTER BANK 11 4.3 POWER AND SENSING TIME MINIMIZATION 14 4.4 INTERFERENCE CANCELLATION 4.5 RECONFIGURABLE ARCHITECTURE 5. SIMULATION RESULTS 205.1 SENSING PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT BY 3 MULTITAP WINDOW 20 4 5.2 SENSING PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT BY INTERFERENCE CANCELLATION 21 5 5.3 SENSING TIME REDUCTION BY INTERFERENCE CANCELLATION 6 6.CONCLUSION 22 4 4 6 7

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ABSTRACT Spectrum sensing over a wide bandwidth increasesthe probability of finding unuti lized spectrum for cognitive radios. However, energy-efficient VLSI realization of wideband sensing algorithms is challenging due to complex signal processing a nd real-time requirement. In addition, strong primary users introduce spectral leakage in adjacent unused bands, resulting in sensing perfor mance degradation. To address these challenges, we propose a cascaded filter-ban k channelization scheme and its reconfigurable VLSI architecture that can be opt imized for power, area, sensing time, and detection performance. In addition, th e spectral leakage due to strong interference is compensated with an interferenc e cancellation method. Compared to the conventional PSD-based energy detection, the proposed channeliza tion scheme supports reliable wideband signal detection with 2.5 less power. Give n a 0.5ms sensing time under 30-dB adjacent-band interference-to-noise ratio, a 30 sensing-time improvement is achieved while maintaining a false-alarm probabili ty of 0.1 and a detection probability of 0.9. The energy efficiency is improved from lower power consumption and reduced sensing time.

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