Biography Ir.

Soekarno (Biography of the First President)

Full Name: Ir. Soekarno Name at birth: Kusno Sosrodihardjo Date of Birth: June 6, 1901 Place of Birth: Surabaya, East Java Died: Jakarta, June 21, 1970 Title: Indonesia's first president, who served in the period 1945-1966 Father: Raden Soekemi Sosrodihardjo Mother: Ida Ayu Nyoman Rai Soekarno was born on June 6, 1901 in Surabaya, East Java and the World died in Jakarta, June 21, 1970. His father named Raden Soekemi Sosrodihardjo and his mother Ida Ayu Nyoman Rai. During his life, he had 3 wives and blessed with eight children. Mother's wife Fatmawati have children Guntur, Megawati, Rachmawati, Sukmawati and Guruh. Wife of Hartini have Typhoon and Bayu, while the wife Ratna Sari Dewi, derivatives Japanese woman named Naoko Nemoto original Kartika have children. Soekarno childhood living with his parents in Blitar. Elementary to graduation, he lived in Surabaya, ngekos home Oemar Haji Said Tokroaminoto, Syarikat founder of Islam. Then go back to school in HBS (Hoogere Burger School). While studying at HBS, Sukarno was galvanizing spirit of nationalism. After

graduating from HBS in 1920, he moved to London and continue to THS (Technische Hoogeschool or Engineering High School which

is now the ITB) and earned the title "Ir" on May 25, 1926. He later founded Marhaenism teaching and PNI (Nationalist Party lndonesia) on July 4, 1927, with the goal of an independent Indonesia. As a result of this, the Netherlands, put into jail Sukamiskin Sukarno, Bandung on December 29, 1929. In his defense titled Indonesia Sue, he showed apostasy Netherlands, a nation that claimed more advanced it. The defense made the Dutch more upset. So that in July 1930, PNI was dissolved. After his release in 1931, Sukarno joined Partindo and once led. As a result, he was re-arrested Dutch and exiled to Ende, Flores, 1933. Four years later transferred to Bengkulu. After going through a long struggle, Soekarno and Muhammad Hatta proclaimed Indonesia's independence on August 17, 1945. In the trial BPUPKI dated June 1, 1945, Ir.Soekarno their ideas about the state called Pancasila. Dated August 17, 1945, Ir Sukarno and Drs. Mohammad Hatta proclaimed Indonesia's independence. In the trial PPKI, August 18, 1945 Ir.Soekarno elected by acclamation as the first President of the Republic of Indonesia. Previously, he also managed to formulate that later became the basis of Pancasila (ideology) of the Unitary Republic of Indonesia. He tried to unite the archipelago. Even Sukarno tried to gather the nations in Asia, Africa, and Latin America with the Asian-African Conference in Bandung in 1955, which later evolved into Non-Aligned Movement. G-30-S/PKI uprising spawned intense political crisis that led to rejection of the Assembly on accountability. Instead the Assembly appointed Soeharto as Acting President. His health continued to deteriorate, which on Sunday, June 21, 1970 he died at the army hospital. He was buried in Wisma Yaso, Jakarta and was buried in Blitar, East Java near the tomb of his mother, Ida Ayu Nyoman Rai. Government menganugerahkannya as "Proclamation Hero".

1.The period of the national movement In 1926, Sukarno founded the Algemene Study Club in Bandung. This organization became the forerunner of the National Party of Indonesia was established in 1927. Sukarno's PNI activity caused the Dutch captured in December 1929, and led to a phenomenal defense plea: Indonesia Sue, to be released on December 31, 1931. In July 1932, Sukarno joined the Party of Indonesia (Partindo), which is a fraction of the PNI. Sukarno was arrested again in August 1933, and exiled to Flores. Here, Soekarno almost forgotten by the national figures. But his spirit still burning as implied in every letter to a teacher named Ahmad Hassan Islamic

Union. In 1938 until 1942 Soekarno exiled keProvinsi Bengkulu. Soekarno new free returns on Japanese colonial period in 1942.

2. The period of Japanese rule At the beginning of the Japanese occupation (1942-1945), the Japanese government was not paying attention to the movement of Indonesian figures primarily to "secure" its presence in Indonesia. It looks at the Movement 3A with tokohnyaShimizu and Mr. Syamsuddin less popular. But eventually, the Japanese occupation government attention and Indonesia as well as take advantage of prominent figures such as Sukarno, Mohammad Hatta and others in all organizations and institutions of appealing to the population of Indonesia. Mentioned in various organizations such as the Java Hokokai, People Power Center (the Son), and PPKI BPUPKI, prominent leaders such as Sukarno, Hatta, Ki Hajar Dewantara, KH Mas Mansyur and others mentioned other and look so active. And finally the national figures in collaboration with the Japanese occupation government to achieve the independence of Indonesia, although there is also an underground movement like Sutan Syahrir and Amir Sjarifuddin because they think Japan is a dangerous fascist. President Sukarno himself, during a speech before the opening of the reading of the text of the proclamation of independence, saying that even though we cooperate with Japan in fact we believe and believe and rely on the power. He was active in the preparation efforts of Indonesia's independence, including the formulation of Pancasila, the 1945 Constitution and the basic fundamentals of the Indonesian government, including formulating the text of the proclamation of Independence. He was persuaded to step aside to Rengasdengklok event. In 1943, Japanese Prime Minister Hideki Tojo invited the leaders Indonesia Sukarno, Mohammad Hatta and Ki Bagus Hadikoesoemo to Japan and received directly by Emperor Hirohito. Even the emperor

gave imperial star (Holy Ratna) to three figures Indonesia. Conferment star made the Japanese occupation government was surprised, because it means that all three characters Indonesia is considered Japan's imperial family alone. In August 1945, he was invited by Marshal Terauchi, the Army leadership in the region of Southeast Asia Dalat Vietnam who later stated that the proclamation of the independence of Indonesia is the Indonesian people themselves. But his involvement in these bodies formed Japanese organization that makes Sukarno being accused by the Netherlands in cooperation with Japan. 3. Revolutionary War period Soekarno with national figures began to prepare themselves before the proclamation of independence of the Republic of Indonesia. After the trial Investigation Agency Business BPUPKI Preparation of Indonesian Independence, Small Committee consisting of eight members (official), small committee consisting of nine persons / Nine organizers (with the Treaty of Jakarta) and the Independence Preparatory Committee IndonesiaPPKI,

Soekarno-Hatta Indonesia by the State of Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution. After seeing Marshal Terauchi in Dalat, Vietnam, there Rengasdengklok Events on August 16, 1945; Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta

persuaded by the youth to step aside to troop dormitories Defenders of the Homeland Rengasdengklok Map. Youth leaders who persuaded the others Soekarni, Wikana, Singgih sertaChairul Saleh. The youths demanded that Sukarno and Hatta proclaimed Indonesian independence immediately,

because in Indonesia happened vacuum of power. This is because Japan had surrendered and Allied troops had not arrived. But Sukarno, Hatta and leaders refused on the grounds waiting for clarity on the Japanese surrender. Another reason is the growing Soekarno establish appropriate moment for the independence of the Republic of Indonesia which is chosen on August 17, 1945 when it coincides with the

17th of Ramadan, the Muslim holy month believed to be the date of the first revelation of the Muslims to the Prophet Muhammad, Al Qur-an. On 18 August 1945, Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta PPKI be appointed by the President and Vice President of the Republic of Indonesia. On August 29, 1945 appointment as president and vice president was confirmed by KNIP. As at 19 September 1945 Sukarno's authority to settle without bloodshed Ikada Field event where 200 000 people of Jakarta will clash with Japanese troops were still armed to the teeth. On arrival Allies (AFNEI) led by Lieutenant General. Sir Philip Christison, Christison finally recognized Indonesian sovereignty de facto after holding a meeting with the President. President Sukarno was also trying to solve the crisis in Surabaya. However, due to provocation launched by troops NICA (Netherlands) to hitchhike Allies (under the British) meledaklahPeristiwa 10 November 1945 in Surabaya and the death of Brigadier General AWS Mallaby. Because many provocations in Jakarta at the time, President Soekarno eventually moved the capital of the Republic of Indonesia from Jakarta to Yogyakarta. Followed vice president and other senior state officials. Position of President Soekarno in 1945, is the status of the President as head of government and head of state (presidential / single executive). During the revolution, the system of government changed to semipresidensiil/double executive. President Sukarno as head of state and the Prime Minister Sutan Syahrir / Head of Government. It happened because of the vice presidential edict No. X, and the government's announcement in November 1945 of a political party. It is taken to the Republic of Indonesia is considered a more democratic country. Although the system of government changed, at the time of the revolution, the position of the President is still the most important, especially in the face of Madiun 1948 as well as the Dutch Military Aggression II that led to President Soekarno, Vice President Mohammad Hatta and high state officials arrested Netherlands.

4. Independence After Recognition Sovereignty (as the Dutch government said Handing Sovereignty), President Sukarno was appointed as the President of the Republic of Indonesia (RIS) and Mohammad Hatta was appointed prime minister of RIS. Office of President of the Republic of Indonesia handed over to Mr Assaat, which became known as the RI Java-Yogyakarta. However, due to the demands of all the people of Indonesia who want to return to a unitary

state, then on August 17, 1950, RIS again changed to the Republic of Indonesia and President Sukarno becomes President. The mandate of Mr Assaat as acting President handed back to Ir. Sukarno. Official position of the President is the constitutional president, but in fact government policy made after consulting him. Myth Duet Soekarno-Hatta is quite popular among the masses and more powerful than the prime minister heads the government. Rise and fall of the cabinet which is reputed as "cabinet semumur corn" to make the President less trusting multiparty system, even calling it a "disease party". Not infrequently, he also lent a hand mediating conflicts in the military has also affected the rise and fall of the cabinet. As the events of October 17, 1952 and the events in the Air Force. Sukarno and John F Kennedy President Sukarno also provides many ideas in the international world. Concern over the fate of the peoples of Asia and Africa, still independent, yet have the right to determine their own fate, causing President Sukarno, in 1955, took the initiative to convene the Asia-Africa Conference in Bandung, which produced Dasa Sila. Known as the Bandung Asian-African Capital. With President Josip Broz Tito (Yugoslavia), Gamal Abdel Nasser (Egypt), Mohammad Ali Jinnah (Pakistan), U Nu, (Burma) and Jawaharlal Nehru (India), he led mengadakanKonferensi Asia Africa Non-Aligned Movement. Thanks services, many Asian and African countries that gained independence. But unfortunately, there are still many others who have prolonged the conflict to date because of the injustice in problem solving, which is still controlled by powerful states or superpowers. Thanks to this addition, many residents of the region do not forget the African Soekarno remember or know when will Indonesia. On June 19, 2008, the Cuban government issued a stamp with a picture of Sukarno and Cuban president Fidel Castro. Publishing it in conjunction with the 80th anniversary of Fidel Castro and warning "the visit of President of Indonesia, Soekarno, to Cuba". 5. Naming Full name at birth was Kusno Soekarno

Sosrodihardjo.Ketika still small, because often sick, according to Javanese custom; by his parents renamed Sukarno. Later on when a president, Sukarno changed the spelling of the name itself menjadiSukarno him because

he uses the spelling of the name of the invaders (the Netherlands). He still uses the name of Sukarno in the signature because the signature is the signature contained in the text of the Proclamation of Independence of Indonesia should not be changed. The name familiar to Ir. Sukarno was Soeka-arno. In some Western countries, the name is sometimes written Sukarno Achmed Sukarno. This happens because when Soekarno first visit to the United States, a number of journalists to wonder, "Who's forename Sukarno?" Because they do not understand the habits of most people in Indonesia who only uses one name only or do not have family names. Somehow, then add the name of someone in front of the name Achmed Sukarno. This also happens in some Wikipedia, like wikipedia Czech language, the language of Wales, Danish, German, and Spanish. Mentioned that the name Achmed Sukarno in failure by as pilgrimage. And in some other versions, mentioned the name in front of the name Achmed Sukarno, carried out by Muslim diplomats from Indonesia who are conducting missions overseas in an attempt to gain recognition of the sovereignty of Indonesia by Arab countries.

TUGAS TERSTRUKTUR

DI SUSUN O L E H NAMA : Romy Dede Kurniawan KELA : VI C

SEKOLAH DASAR ISLAM AL-AZHAR PONTIANAK 2012