NANO IC ENGINE

(NANO - INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE)

ABSTRACT
NANO one billionth of one and one third of micro, to be precise 10-9m. Nanotechnolog is m!ch disc!ssed these da s as a emerging frontier " a realm in #hich machines operate at scales of billionth a meter. It is act!all a m!ltit!de of rapidl emerging technologies based !pon the scaling do#n of e$isting technologies to the ne$t le%el of precision and miniat!ri&ation. In the field of nano technologies researchers are enth!siastic abo!t its potential applications in fields s!ch as energ , medicine, electronics, comp!ting and materials. Of late, one of the emerging aspects dealing Nanotechnolog in mechanical field is the internal comb!stion engine on a nano scale, #hich #e ha%e chosen as o!r area of interest. 'eat engines ha%e e%ol%ed from e$ternal comb!stion engines to internal comb!stion engines and the hot off the bloc( is the nano internal comb!stion engine.

)his pict!re gi%es an idea of the si&e of the nano internal comb!stion engine. If o! obser%e, the length from the bac( plate to #asher is less than an inch. )here are no e$otic materials re*!ired It has high precision, cost effecti%e, high speed +!p to ,0000rpm-.)he %ario!s applications can be spotted from race cars to space crafts. It can also be applied to %ario!s fields li(e agric!lt!ral p!mp sets, ind!strial applications, 'ospitals, constr!ctions ci%il engineering e*!ipments etc., )his paper f!rther deal #ith the histor , constr!ction of a nano IC engine, their merits . their f!t!re prospects. )his paper disc!ss abo!t Nano IC engine at length.

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Introduction:
/hat is nano technolog 0 Its #orth pointing o!t that the #ord nanotechnolog has become %er pop!lar and is !sed to describe man t pes of research #here the characteristic dimension are less than abo!t tho!sand nano meter If #e are to contin!e these trends #e #ill ha%e to de%elop a ne# man!fact!ring technolog #hich #ill let !s ine$pensi%el b!ild nano s stem #ith mole *!antities that are molec!lar in both si&e and precision and are inter connected in comple$ patterns NANO )EC'NO1OG2 /I11 3O )'I4. /hat is heat engine0 'eat engines #or( on the principle of con%erting chemical energ into mechanical #or( and e%ol%e from e$ternal comb!stion engine to internal comb!stion engine. E$ternal comb!stion engine is the heat engine in #hich f!el comb!stion ta(es place e$ternal to c linder. 3!e to this it is b!l( and cons!mes lot of place. 4econd re%ol!tion of heat engines are ICE in #hich f!el comb!stion ta(es internall and cons!mes less place and became compact, cost effecti%e. Of late third re%ol!tion is NANO Internal Co !u"tion En#ine$ It i" di%%icult to t&read- in a needle$ I a#ine 'or(in# 'it& an in"tru ent 'it& one !illiont& o% eter$

Con"truction o% )Nano) - A *$+cc Co ,re""ion I#nition En#ine:

)he Nano is a 0.1cc 5that6s less than 0.01 c!in7 compression ignition engine - most fre*!entl , if some#hat inacc!ratel , referred to as a 8diesel8. It #as designed b 9ichard Gordon and the plans #ere incl!ded as a s!pplement #ith the :ritish ;aga&ine Model Engineer in the earl 19906s.

An idea of the si&e of the Nano is gi%en b this pict!re. <rom bac( plate to dri%e #asher is less than 1 inch. )here are no e$otic materials re*!ired. )he cran(case is hac(ed from a solid c!be of al!min!m =>,8 on a side. )he piston and contra piston are cast iron. )he cran(shaft and liner are an old steel from the scrap bo$.

'ere is an e$ploded %ie# of the engine. )he odd loo(ing thing in the foregro!nd is a special Nano-4panner re*!ired to tighten the bac( plate. It also fits the f!el nipple. )he constr!ction is e$tremel con%entional - onl the scale is !n!s!al.

1i(e all model IC pro?ects, there are a fe# special ?igs and tools re*!ired to constr!ct the Nano. All are f!ll detailed in the plan, #hich incl!des step b step instr!ctions #ith photos. )he c!tter is made from #ater hardening drill rod 5called 8sil%er steel8 in the @A beca!se of its appearance it contains no sil%er7.the teeth are formed of 3ermal-t pe c!t-off #heel.

)he c!tter is !sed to form the e$ha!st ports in the c linder. )here are three of these, spaced at 1B0 degrees #ith s!fficient space bet#een them for the angled transfer ports to slightl o%erlap the timing. )he cro#n of the piston is conical to assist transfer. )he contra piston has a matching conca%e conical depression.

As mentioned pre%io!sl , the cran(case is formed from a c!be of al!min!m. )he %ent!ri is machined separatel and sec!red #ith 1o(-)ite before the final reaming of the cran(shaft ?o!rnal. Notice the three transfer passages in the photo. )hese terminate in a transfer belt belo# the c linder seat that matches #ith the c linder transfer ports. If o! loo( %er closel , o!6ll also see the st!ff-!p that t!rned a#a part of the %ent!ri opening. Al#a s happens on the last operationC

)here6s nothing special in the cran(shaft components. Another ?ig 5not sho#n7 is made to hold the shaft in the =-?a# ch!c(, offset b half the thro# for forming the cran( pin. E%en at these si&es, final lapping to si&e is no different from larger engines in terms of the amo!nt of metal that m!st be 1E<) for remo%al. Onl the microscopic si&e ma(es things diffic!lt. )he prop dri%er (n!rls #ere formed #ith a thread form tool, set on edge and !sed as a shaper. )he prop n!t is anodi&ed in the !s!al #a .

Again, apart from their si&e, there6s nothing special abo!t the needle %al%e components the needle itself #as made from steel and 8bl!ed8 it b a *!ic( heat in a gas flame follo#ed b #ater *!enching. No big deal, b!t the ama&ing thing is the attention it dra#s #ith people #ho e$amine the engine. This costs just US$10 only. /hen it #as fired, it r!n briefl , oscillating bac( and forth abo!t )3C li(e o%er compressed diesels #ith small mass fl #heels are #onDt to do. 9!nningC .b!t spring starters are the onl #a to start !ltra small diesels - hand propping ?!st #on6t #or(. Also, the f!el for mini diesels needs a lot of ether - as high as E0F b %ol!me. /ith high ether f!el and a spring starter, the little Nano #ill b!rst into life. 9ichard Gordon claims it #ill t!rn ,0,000 rpm - es, that6s no t po, forty thousand revolutions per minute. American engine b!ilder 9on Colona !sed to demo his at model engineering sho#s and t!rning at better than B0,000 rpm. T-E COM.ONENTS USE/ : C9ANA CA4E

 :ACA G1A)E C21IN3E9 AN3 'EA3 HEN)@9I AN3 NEE31E HA1HE A44E;:12 CON9O34 AN3 C9ANA 4'A<)4 GI4)ON AN3 CON)9A GI4)ON <INA1 A44E;:12 AN3 )E4) 9EGO9)

Cran(case and C linder ro!gh-o!tI

)he cran(case starts off as a ch!n( of al!min!m bar of abo!t 1-1>B8 diameter, sa#n to length, pl!s a little bit. )he first step is to finish t!rn the front section #ith a 1>,8 radi!s #here the ?o!rnal blends into the bod . )he photo sho#s the ro!ghing o!t process. Note that the tool is ra(ed bac( sharpl #hile 8hog gin6 great c!ts8 are made so that if it digs in, the c!t #ill be forced shallo#er, not deeper as it #o!ld be if the tool #ere set ra(ed for#ard li(e a reg!lar (nife tool. Ne$t #e need to remo%e all the e$cess al!min!m that does not loo( li(e a cran(case. )his can easil be done #ith a band sa#, or less easil done #ith a hac(sa#C In either case, mar(ing o!t is simplified b preparing a f!ll si&e profile on paper, centered in a circle the same si&e as the bar stoc(. ;ine #as done from the CA3 dra#ings, b!t pencil and compass co!ld achie%e the same res!lt #ith abo!t the same effort. )he paper template has a hole c!t ro!ghl in the middle to accommodate the ?o!rnal and the blended radi!s #here it meets the front face. It is attached to the face #ith a standard gl!e stic(. If o!6re caref!l, this #ill last long eno!gh to complete the b!tcher . 4a# to #ithin abo!t 1>=B8

51mm7 of the o!tline. )a(e care beca!se heat b!ild!p #ill melt the gl!e. )he ne$t photo sho#s the fo!r basic stages in cran(case man!fact!reI :ar stoc( blan( Jo!rnal t!rned and sa#ing template gl!ed in place Cran(case ro!gh sa#n to #ithin 1mm of the template o!tline )he finished cran(case

Bac( ,late:

)he bac( plate is simple t!rning #ith onl some aspects of #or( holding posing an problems. In this first shot, the bac( plate profile has been t!rned on a piece of bar stoc( #ith the interior face oriented to#ards the tailstoc(. )his means #e #ill be scre# c!tting to#ards the sho!lder formed b the bac( plate rim, so a thin 50.0B087 r!n o!t groo%e is first c!t at the thread>rim ?!nction to the depth of the thread form. )his also ass!res the bac( plate #ill form a tight seal against the rear of the cran( case. )he thread c!tting tool is a piece of 1>,8 diameter '44 steel, gro!nd to a K0 degree point #ith se%en degrees of side ra(e, mo!nted in a tracting tool holder. )his magnificent gadget ta(es a #hile to ma(e b!t is absol!tel in%al!able to thread c!tting. )he little ball le%er act!ates a spring loaded, o%er center cam - ?!st re*!iring a flic( to retract the tool bit b abo!t =>1K8. )his allo#s the saddle to be repositioned for the ne$t c!tting pass #itho!t ha%ing to t#iddle dials and remember settings. )he c linder blan( has no# been replaced in the = ?a# ch!c( #ith the top of flange against the ?a#s and some thin

al!min!m shim 5beer can material7 aro!nd the o!tside to protect the finish and thread. )he bore #ill be drilled so as to lea%e L to 10 tho! to be remo%ed b the reamer. It is pilot drilled first. I6m told its good practice to select a pilot si&e no grater than half the ne$t drilling si&e to pre%ent the ne$t si&e #andering. 'ere #e see the reamer being floated into the bore !sing the tailstoc( 5larger hand reamers #ill ha%e a dimple in the end #hich assists this operation. <or this operation, the headstoc( is t!rned b hand. Aeep !p plent of s!ds and ne%er rotate the ch!c( bac(#ards. )he reamer is pre%ented from rotating b resting the tap handle on the compo!nd slide. A piece of shim material protects the slide from damage b the handle

)he transfer ports of the #ea%er are !n!s!al. )he comprise E %ertical channels, spaced e*!idistantl aro!nd the for#ard 1L0 degrees of the c linder. )he terminate in a 8transfer beltM belo# the e$ha!st ports. )his arrangement a%oids the ind!ction port at the c linder rear. )hese ports cannot be c!t before reaming 5or boring7 as their presence #o!ld ma(e it impossible to c!t the bore acc!ratel . )his flash-fail!re shot sho#s ho# the are drilled. A short al!min!m 5or brass7 pl!g is t!rned to be an interference fit !p the bore. )he holes are then drilled at the intersection of the c linder and pl!g. )he c linder #all #ill be *!ite thin ad?acent the transfer passages, b!t b !sing a slightl softer material for the pl!g, the drill #ill incline to#ards the softer material, pre%enting an danger or a r!ined part. 0enturi and Needle 0al1e A""e !l2: In the pre%io!s section, the c linder had progressed to a nearl finished state, still re*!iring internal lapping. 1apping sho!ld al#a s be the last operation on a c linder of this t pe. )his means the boss for attaching the side port %ent!ri m!st be fitted before lapping can be done. In this session, the boss is made and the associated parts for the %ent!ri and needle %al%e.

)he boss #ill be soft soldered to the c linder 5diesels don6t get hot eno!gh to melt soft solder7. 8.solder does not ma(e the ?oint, it onl (eeps the air o!t8 and schooled me to ma(e a good fit of parts to be soldered. )he boss #ill b!tt to the c linder, #hich has an o!tside diameter of 0.E008. 4o, a good fit can be achie%ed b profiling the boss #ith a 1>B8 end mill. In this photo, #e see the boss blan( 5eno!gh for fo!r7 #hich has been finished o!tside, drilled read for tapping and transferred still in the = ?a# ch!c( to the mill for end profiling.
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A,,lication":
Nano I.C engine has %ario!s applications ranging from race cars to space crafts. In race cars this IC Nano Engine #as !sed. )he engine #as f!ll fabricated, that is, no castings #ere emplo ed.

It can be controlled in aero planes>satellites>space ships etc., the timing of in let and e$ha!st %al%es.

 According to NA4A reports the are e$perimenting abo!t the !se of nano engine in nano . Gico satellites. In case of a mine traged #here harmf!l gases are emitted ,these nano I.C engines can be emplo ed as po#erf!l blo#ers to blo# o!t these gases is a less time sa%ing the li%es of trapped miners ./e re*!ire at least E-K blo#ers to blo# these gases #here as t#o nano I.C engines co!ld do the tic( in less time. Agric!lt!re p!mps sets. E%er field of ind!str .

.ro",ect":
T&e ,ro!le : E%er da people are spending more and more mone beca!se of rising gas

prices. Geople all o%er the #orld are tr ing to find a sol!tionNe%en %isiting #ebsites to locate the nearest and cheapest gas, all the #hile losing time and mileage ?!st to reach +these- ref!eling stations. ;an ha%e been gi%ing !p fa%orite hobbies and changing life plans beca!se of the need to reallocate their f!nds for gas. <or those of !s #ho m!st dri%e to #or( or school, it seems #e ha%e little choice b!t to contin!e pa ing more. No#, there is a #a to fight bac( against these constant increases in gas pricesN and to fight poll!tion and protect the en%ironment in the process.

T&e "olution:
@se the most ad%anced technolog a%ailable to impro%e f!el econom , prolong the engine life, red!ce harmf!l emissions and protect the en%ironment. )he n!mber one prod!ct for f!el econom , po#er and poll!tion control is no# a%ailable. Introd!cing o!r t#o !ni*!e nanotechnolog prod!ctsI <B-B1 Nano1!be Engine Oil )reatment, and <B-B1 Nano9on Gas . 3iesel <!el Enhancer.

/ith nanotechnolog , f!el transforms at the nano-le%el to achie%e a more complete comb!stion, res!lting in increased f!el econom , more dri%ing po#er, and fe#er poll!ter emissions. @se either prod!ct or both to get m!ltiple benefitsI - Adds great po#er to o!r engine. Nano1!be eases hea% dri%ing loads and increases dri%ing pleas!re #ith a faster, smoother, and *!ieter ride. - :oosts miles per gallon 5analogo!s to b! ing Gremi!m Gas or boosting o!r octane n!mber7, /hile sa%ing o! mone and conser%ing energ . - Grolongs engine life b cleaning o!r comb!stion chamber and piston ring deposits, e$tending engine life and c!tting e*!ipment do#ntime. - Grotects the en%ironment b red!cing harmf!l emissions and fighting global #arming. IN3ERENCE: /ith the application of Nano in e%er sphere of life the ObigD ma not find its place in

engineering dictionar in f!t!re. If #e are to contin!e these trends #e #ill ha%e to de%elop a ne# man!fact!ring technolog , #hich #ill let !s ine$pensi%el b!ild nano s stem #ith mole *!antities that are molec!lar in both si&e and precision and are, inter connected in comple$ patterns NANO)EC'NO1OG2 /I11 3O )'I4. NANO technolog #ith all its challenges and opport!nities is an a%oidable part of o!r f!t!re. It can be rightl said that nano technolog slo#l and steadil ass!ring in the ne$t Ind!strial 9e%ol!tion.

RE3ERENCES ###.:bc.co.!( chrenichPdstc.com ###.google.co.in '''$2a&oo$co$in

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