= e
Membership Functions
Two ways to define the membership for fuzzy
sets:
Numerical
Functional.
48
Example of a numerical definition:
0.4 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.4 0.1 0.0
A
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
= + + + + + +
`
)
Example of a functional definition:
( )
( )
2
1
1 5
f x
x
=
+
We may use standard functions to represent
fuzzy sets.
The membership functions which are often
used in practice include:
s-function
t-function
Triangular function
Trapezoid function
Exponential function
Gaussian function.
49
50
s-membership function
t-membership function
51
0
( )
0
A
if u a
u a
if a u b
b a
u
c u
if b u c
c b
if u c
s s
=
`
s s
>
)
a
b
c
u
A
1
0
Triangular membership function
52
Example
Let the universe of discourse be the interval [0,100] with Y interpreted as
age. A fuzzy set F of Y labelled middle age may be defined as :
What are the implications of the term middle-age?
A person aged 45 is often considered to be middle-aged. However, what
about someone of 38 say? What about other ages? It seems plausible
that the required fuzzy set should have a maximum at around 45, and
go to zero below 30 and above 60. Usually, a Gaussian-function or T-
function gives a good description in such circumstances.
( ) ( ) { }
,
F
F y y y Y = e
53
The fuzzy set F might be defined using a T-function as :
54
Gaussian membership function
A
(x)
(
(
=
m
A
s
c x
m s c x
2
1
exp ) , , , (
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
x
c=5
s=2
m=2
c: centre
s: width
m: fuzzification factor (e.g., m=2)
55
Exercise
Write down the mathematical
expression of this membership
function.
Write down the mathematical
expression of this membership
function.
56
Exercise
Suppose a membership function to show young is described by
the following equation:
Base on this membership function, write down the membership
values of the ages for 10, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 50 in this set.
Draw the graph for this membership function to show youngness.