Star 0123

Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports
Volume 39 November 16, 2001

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Langley Research Center Scientific and Technical Information Program Office
The NASA STI Program Office . . . in Profile

Since its founding, NASA has been dedicated to the advancement of aeronautics and space science. The NASA Scientific and Technical Information (STI) Program Office plays a key part in helping NASA maintain this important role. The NASA STI Program Office is operated by Langley Research Center, the lead center for NASAs scientific and technical information. The NASA STI Program Office provides access to the NASA STI Database, the largest collection of aeronautical and space science STI in the world. The Program Office is also NASAs institutional mechanism for disseminating the results of its research and development activities. These results are published by NASA in the NASA STI Report Series, which includes the following report types: S TECHNICAL PUBLICATION. Reports of completed research or a major significant phase of research that present the results of NASA programs and include extensive data or theoretical analysis. Includes compilations of significant scientific and technical data and information deemed to be of continuing reference value. NASAs counterpart of peerreviewed formal professional papers but has less stringent limitations on manuscript length and extent of graphic presentations. S TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM. Scientific and technical findings that are preliminary or of specialized interest, e.g., quick release reports, working papers, and bibliographies that contain minimal annotation. Does not contain extensive analysis. S CONTRACTOR REPORT. Scientific and technical findings by NASA-sponsored contractors and grantees. S CONFERENCE PUBLICATION. Collected papers from scientific and technical conferences, symposia, seminars, or other meetings sponsored or cosponsored by NASA. S SPECIAL PUBLICATION. Scientific, technical, or historical information from NASA programs, projects, and missions, often concerned with subjects having substantial public interest. S TECHNICAL TRANSLATION. English-language translations of foreign scientific and technical material pertinent to NASAs mission. Specialized services that complement the STI Program Offices diverse offerings include creating custom thesauri, building customized databases, organizing and publishing research results . . . even providing videos. For more information about the NASA STI Program Office, see the following: S Access the NASA STI Program Home Page at http://www.sti.nasa.gov S E-mail your question via the Internet to help@sti.nasa.gov S Fax your question to the NASA STI Help Desk at (301) 621-0134 S Telephone the NASA STI Help Desk at (301) 621-0390 S Write to: NASA STI Help Desk NASA Center for AeroSpace Information 7121 Standard Drive Hanover, MD 21076-1320
Introduction
Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports (STAR) is an electronic abstract journal, listing citations with abstracts for aerospace-related reports obtained from worldwide sources. It is electronically published biweekly and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information (STI) Database. The documents are of the following types:
S S S S S S
NASA, NASA contractor, and NASA grantee reports; Reports issued by other U.S. Government agencies, domestic and foreign institutions, universities, and private firms; Translations in report form; NASA-owned patents and patent applications Other U.S. Government agency and foreign patents and patent applications Domestic and foreign dissertations and theses.
Also included are two indexes, Subject Term and Personal Author. The Subject Term Index is generated from the NASA Thesaurus terms associated and listed with each document. STAR subject coverage includes all aspects of aeronautics and space research and development, supporting basic and applied research, and applications. Aerospace aspects of Earth resources, energy development, conservation, oceanography, environmental protection, urban transportation, and other topics of high national priority are also covered. Abstracts in STAR are categorized by 10 major subject divisions that are divided further into 76 specific subject categories. The subject divisions and categories are listed in the Table of Contents together with a note for each that defines its scope and provides any cross-references.
SCAN Goes Electronic!

If you have electronic mail or if you can access the Internet, you can view biweekly issues of SCAN from your desktop absolutely free! Electronic SCAN takes advantage of computer technology to inform you of the latest worldwide, aerospace-related, scientific and technical information that has been published. No more waiting while the paper copy is printed and mailed to you. You can view Electronic SCAN the same day it is releasedup to 191 topics to browse at your leisure. When you locate a publication of interest, you can print the announcement. You can also go back to the Electronic SCAN home page and follow the ordering instructions to quickly receive the full document. Start your access to Electronic SCAN today. Over 1,000 announcements of new reports, books, conference proceedings, journal articles...and moreavailable to your computer every two weeks. For Internet access to E-SCAN, use any of the following addresses: http://www.sti.nasa.gov ftp.sti.nasa.gov gopher.sti.nasa.gov Determine the SCAN topics you wish to receive and send an e-mail to listserv@sti.nasa.gov. Leave the subject line blank and enter a subscribe command, denoting which topic you want and your name in the message area, formatted as follows: Subscribe SCAN0201 Jane Doe For additional information, e-mail a message to help@sti.nasa.gov. Phone: (301) 621-0390 Fax: (301) 621-0134 Write: NASA STI Help Desk NASA Center for AeroSpace Information 7121 Standard Drive Hanover, MD 21076-1320
Looking just for Aerospace Medicine and Biology reports? Although hard copy distribution has been discontinued, you can still receive these vital announcements through your E-SCAN subscription. Just Subscribe SCAN-AEROMED Jane Doe in the message area of your e-mail to listserv@sti.nasa.gov.
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Table of Contents Subject Divisions

Document citations are grouped first by the following divisions. Select a division title to view the categorylevel Table of Contents.
A. Aeronautics B. Astronautics C. Chemistry and Materials D. Engineering E. Geosciences F. Life Sciences
H. Physics I. Social and Information Sciences J. Space Sciences K. General
G. Mathematical and Computer Sciences
Indexes
Two indexes are available. You may use the find command under the tools menu while viewing the PDF file for direct match searching on any text string. You may also select either of the two indexes provided for searching on NASA Thesaurus subject terms and personal author names.
Subject Term Index Personal Author Index
Document Availability
Select Availability Info for important information about NASA Scientific and Technical Information (STI) Program Office products and services, including registration with the NASA Center for AeroSpace Information (CASI) for access to the NASA CASI TRS (Technical Report Server), and availability and pricing information for cited documents.
Subject Categories of the Division A. Aeronautics

Select a category to view the collection of records cited. N.A. means no abstracts in that category.
01
Aeronautics (General)
Includes general research topics related to manned and unmanned aircraft and the problems of flight within the Earths atmosphere. Also includes manufacturing, maintenance, and repair of aircraft. For specific topics in aeronautics see categories 02 through 09. For information related to space vehicles see 12 Astronautics.
02
Aerodynamics
Includes aerodynamics of flight vehicles, test bodies, airframe components and combinations, wings, and control surfaces. Also includes aerodynamics of rotors, stators, fans and other elements of turbomachinery. For related information, see also 34 Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer.
03
Air Transportation and Safety
Includes passenger and cargo air transport operations; aircraft ground operations; flight safety and hazards; and aircraft accidents. Systems and hardware specific to ground operations of aircraft and to airport construction are covered in 09 Research and Support Facilities (Air). Air traffic control is covered in 04 Aircraft Communications and Navigation. For related information see also 16 Space Transportation and Safety; and 85 Technology Utilization and Surface Transportation.
04
Aircraft Communications and Navigation
Includes all modes of communication with and between aircraft; air navigation systems (satellite and ground based); and air traffic control. For related information see also 06 Avionics and Aircraft Instrumentation; 17 Space Communications; Spacecraft Communications, Command and Tracking, and 32 Communications and Radar.
05
Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
Includes all stages of design of aircraft and aircraft structures and systems. Also includes aircraft testing, performance, and evaluation, and aircraft and flight simulation technology. For related information, see also 18 Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance and 39 Structural Mechanics. For land transportation vehicles, see 85 Technology Utilization and Surface Transportation.
07
Aircraft Propulsion and Power
13
Includes prime propulsion systems and systems components, e.g., gas turbine engines and compressors; and onboard auxiliary power plants for aircraft. For related information see also 20 Spacecraft Propulsion and Power, 28 Propellants and Fuels, and 44 Energy Production and Conversion.
09
Research and Support Facilities (Air)
14
Includes airports, runways, hangers, and aircraft repair and overhaul facilities, wind tunnels, water tunnels, and shock tubes; flight simulators; and aircraft engine test stands. Also includes airport ground equipment and systems. For airport ground operation see 03 Air Transportation and Safety. For astronautical facilities see 14 Ground Support Systems and Facilities (Space).
Subject Categories of the Division B. Astronautics

12
Astronautics (General)
15
Includes general research topics related to space flight and manned and unmanned space vehicles, platforms or objects launched into, or assembled in, outer space; and related components and equipment. Also includes manufacturing and maintenance of such vehicles or platforms. For specific topics in astronautics see categories 13 through 20. For extraterrestrial exploration, see 91 Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration.
13 14
Astrodynamics
Includes powered and free-flight trajectories; and orbital and launching dynamics.
16 16
Ground Support Systems and Facilities (Space)
Includes launch complexes, research and production facilities; ground support equipment, e.g., mobile transporters; and test chambers and simulators. Also includes extraterrestrial bases and supporting equipment. For related information see also 09 Research and Support Facilities (Air).
18
Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance
17
Includes satellites; space platforms; space stations; spacecraft systems and components such as thermal and environmental controls; and spacecraft control and stability characteristics. For life support systems, see 54 Man/System Technology and Life Support. For related information, see also 05 Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance, 39 Structural Mechanics, and 16 Space Transportation and Safety.
20
Spacecraft Propulsion and Power
17
Includes main propulsion systems and components, e.g., rocket engines; and spacecraft auxiliary power sources. For related information, see also 07 Aircraft Propulsion and Power; 28 Propellants and Fuels; 15 Launch Vehicles and Launch Operations; and 44 Energy Production and Conversion.
Subject Categories of the Division C. Chemistry and Materials

23
Chemistry and Materials (General)
18
Includes general research topics related to the composition, properties, structure, and use of chemical compounds and materials as they relate to aircraft, launch vehicles, and spacecraft. For specific topics in chemistry and materials see categories 24 through 29. For astrochemistry see category 90 Astrophysics.
24 25
Composite Materials Inorganic, Organic, and Physical Chemistry
21 23
Includes physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of laminates and other composite materials.
Includes the analysis, synthesis, and use inorganic and organic compounds; combustion theory; electrochemistry; and photochemistry. For related information see also 34 Fluid Dynamics and Thermodynamics, For astrochemistry see category 90 Astrophysics.
26
Metals and Metallic Materials
29
Includes physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of metals and metallic materials; and metallurgy.
27
Nonmetallic Materials
33
Includes physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of plastics, elastomers, lubricants, polymers, textiles, adhesives, and ceramic materials. For composite materials see 24 Composite Materials.
28
Propellants and Fuels
38
Includes rocket propellants, igniters and oxidizers; their storage and handling procedures; and aircraft fuels. For nuclear fuels see 73 Nuclear Physics. For related information see also 07 Aircraft Propulsion and Power, 20 Spacecraft Propulsion and Power, and 44 Energy Production and Conversion.
Subject Categories of the Division D. Engineering

31
Engineering (General)
39
Includes general research topics to engineering and applied physics, and particular areas of vacuum technology, industrial engineering, cryogenics, and fire prevention. For specific topics in engineering see categories 32 through 39.
32
Communications and Radar
43
Includes radar; radio, wire, and optical communications; land and global communications; communications theory. For related information see also 04 Aircraft Communications and Navigation; and 17 Space Communications, Spacecraft Communications, Command and Tracking; for search and rescue see 03 Air Transportation and Safety, and 16 Space Transportation and Safety.
33
Electronics and Electrical Engineering
52
Includes development, performance, and maintainability of electrical/electronic devices and components; related test equipment. and microelectronics and integrated circuitry. For related information see also 60 Computer Operations and Hardware; and 76 Solid-State Physics. For communications equipment and devices see 32 Communications and Radar.
34
Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
65
Includes fluid dynamics and kinematics and all forms of heat transfer; boundary layer flow; hydrodynamics; hydraulics; fluidics; mass transfer and ablation cooling. For related information see also 02 Aerodynamics.
35
Instrumentation and Photography
70
Includes remote sensors; measuring instruments and gauges; detectors; cameras and photographic supplies; and holography. For aerial photography see 43 Earth Resources and Remote Sensing. For related information see also 06 Avionics and Aircraft Instrumentation; and 19 Spacecraft Instrumentation.
36
Lasers and Masers
77
Includes lasing theory, laser pumping techniques, maser amplifiers, laser materials, and the assessment of laser and maser outputs. For cases where the application of the laser or maser is emphasized see also the specific category where the application is treated. For related information see also 76 Solid-State Physics.
37
Mechanical Engineering
79
Includes mechanical devices and equipment; machine elements and processes. For cases where the application of a device or the host vehicle is emphasized see also the specific category where the application or vehicle is treated. For robotics see 63 Cybernetics, Artificial Intelligence, and Robotics; and 54 Man/System Technology and Life Support.
38
Quality Assurance and Reliability
80
Includes approaches to, and methods for reliability analysis and control, inspection, maintainability, and standardization.
39
Structural Mechanics
81
Includes structural element design, analysis and testing; dynamic responses of structures; weight analysis; fatigue and other structural properties; and mechanical and thermal stresses in structure. For applications see 05 Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance and 18 Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance.
Subject Categories of the Division E. Geosciences

42
Geosciences (General)
82
Includes general research topics related to the Earth sciences, and the specific areas of petrology, minerology, and general geology. For other specific topics in geosciences see categories 42 through 48.
43
Earth Resources and Remote Sensing
85
Includes remote sensing of earth features, phenomena and resources by aircraft, balloon, rocket, and spacecraft; analysis or remote sensing data and imagery; development of remote sensing products; photogrammetry; and aerial photographs. For instrumentation see 35 Instrumentation and Photography.
44
Energy Production and Conversion
93
Includes specific energy conversion systems, e.g., fuel cells; and solar, geothermal, windpower, and waterwave conversion systems; energy storage; and traditional power generators. For technologies related to nuclear energy production see 73 Nuclear Physics. For related information see also 07 Aircraft Propulsion and Power; 20 Spacecraft Propulsion and Power, and 28 Propellants and Fuels.
45 46
Environment Pollution
Includes atmospheric, water, soil, noise, and thermal pollution.
95 104
Geophysics
Includes earth structure and dynamics, aeronomy; upper and lower atmosphere studies; ionospheric and magnetospheric physics; and geomagnetism. For related information see 47 Meteorology and Climatology; and 93 Space Radiation.
47 48
Meteorology and Climatology

Includes weather observation forecasting and modification.
114 118
Oceanography
Includes the physical, chemical and biological aspects of oceans and seas; ocean dynamics, and marine resources. For related information see also 43 Earth Resources and Remote Sensing.
Subject Categories of the Division F. Life Sciences

51
Life Sciences (General)
120
Includes general research topics related to plant and animal biology (nonhuman); ecology; microbiology; and also the origin, development, structure, and maintenance, of animals and plants in space and related environmental conditions. For specific topics in life sciences see categories 52 through 55.
52
Aerospace Medicine
151
Includes the biological and physiological effects of atmospheric and space flight (weightlessness, space radiation, acceleration, and altitude stress) on the human being; and the prevention of adverse effects on those environments. For psychological and behavioral effects of aerospace environments see 53 Behavioral Sciences. For the effects of space on animals and plants see 51 Life Sciences.
53
Behavioral Sciences
153
Includes psychological factors; individual and group behavior; crew training and evaluation; and psychiatric research.
54
Man/System Technology and Life Support
154
Includes human factors engineering; bionics, manmachine, life support, space suits and protective clothing. For related information see also 16 Space Transportation and 52 Aerospace Medicine..
Subject Categories of the Division G. Mathematical and Computer Sciences

59
Mathematical and Computer Sciences (General)
155
Includes general topics and overviews related to mathematics and computer science. For specific topics in these areas see categories 60 through 67.
60
Computer Operations and Hardware
156
Includes hardware for computer graphics, firmware and data processing. For components see 33 Electronics and Electrical Engineering. For computer vision see 63 Cybernetics, Artificial Intelligence and Robotics.
61
Computer Programming and Software
158
Includes software engineering, computer programs, routines, algorithms, and specific applications, e.g., CAD/CAM. For computer software applied to specific applications, see also the associated category.
62
Computer Systems
168
Includes computer networks and distributed processing systems. For information systems see 82 Documentation and Information Science. For computer systems applied to specific applications, see the associated category.
63
Cybernetics, Artificial Intelligence and Robotics
173
Includes feedback and control theory, information theory, machine learning, and expert systems. For related information see also 54 Man/System Technology and Life Support.
64 65
Numerical Analysis
Includes iteration, differential and difference equations, and numerical approximation.
174 175
Statistics and Probability
Includes data sampling and smoothing; Monte Carlo method; time series and analysis; and stochastic processes.
66
Systems Analysis and Operations Research
176
Includes mathematical modeling of systems; network analysis; mathematical programming; decision theory; and game theory.
67
Theoretical Mathematics
176
Includes algebra, functional analysis, geometry, topology set theory, group theory and and number theory.
Subject Categories of the Division H. Physics

70
Physics (General)
177
Includes general research topics related to mechanics, kinetics, magnetism, and electrodynamics. For specific areas of physics see categories 71 through 77. For related instrumentation see 35 Instrumentation and Photography; for geophysics, astrophysics or solar physics see 46 Geophysics, 90 Astrophysics, or 92 Solar Physics.
71
Acoustics
184
Includes sound generation, transmission, and attenuation. For noise pollution see 45 Environment Pollution. For aircraft noise see also 02 Aerodynamics and 07 Aircraft Propulsion Propulsion and Power.
72
Atomic and Molecular Physics
190
Includes atomic and molecular structure, electron properties, and atomic and molecular spectra. For elementary particle physics see 73 Nuclear Physics.
73
Nuclear Physics
196
Includes nuclear particles; and reactor theory. For space radiation see 93 Space Radiation. For atomic and molecular physics see 72 Atomic and Molecular Physics. For elementary particle physics see 77 Physics of Elementary Particles and Fields. For nuclear astrophysics see 90 Astrophysics.
74 75
Optics Plasma Physics
198 201
Includes light phenomena and the theory of optical devices. For lasers see 36 Lasers and Masers.
Includes magnetohydrodynamics and plasma fusion. For ionospheric plasmas see 46 Geophysics. For space plasmas see 90 Astrophysics.
76
Solid-State Physics
203
Includes condensed matter physics, crystallography, and superconductivity. For related information see also 33 Electronics and Electrical Engineering and 36 Lasers and Masers.
77
Physics of Elementary Particles and Fields
208
Includes quantum mechanics; theoretical physics; and statistical mechanics. For related information see also 72 Atomic and Molecular Physics, 73 Nuclear Physics, and 25 Inorganic, Organic and Physical Chemistry.
Subject Categories of the Division I. Social and Information Sciences

81 82
Administration and Management

Includes management planning and research.
209 211
Documentation and Information Science
Includes information management; information storage and retrieval technology; technical writing; graphic arts; and micrography. For computer documentation see 61 Computer Programming and Software.
83 84
Economics and Cost Analysis

Includes cost effectiveness studies.
217 217
Law, Political Science and Space Policy
Includes aviation law; space law and policy; international law; international cooperation; and patent policy.
Subject Categories of the Division J. Space Sciences

90
Astrophysics
218
Includes cosmology; celestial mechanics; space plasmas; and interstellar and interplanetary gases and dust.
91
Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
219
Includes planetology; selenology; meteorites; comets; and manned and unmanned planetary and lunar flights. For spacecraft design or space stations see 18 Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance.
92
Solar Physics
221
Includes solar activity, solar flares, solar radiation and sunspots. For related information see 93 Space Radiation.
93
Space Radiation
222
Includes cosmic radiation; and inner and outer Earth radiation belts. For biological effects of radiation on plants and animals see 52 Aerospace Medicine. For theory see 73 Nuclear Physics.
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In order to provide the general public with greater access to U.S. Government publications, Congress established the Federal Depository Library Program under the Government Printing Office (GPO), with 53 regional depositories responsible for permanent retention of material, inter-library loan, and reference services. At least one copy of nearly every NASA and NASA-sponsored publication, either in printed or microfiche format, is received and retained by the 53 regional depositories. A list of the Federal Regional Depository Libraries, arranged alphabetically by state, appears at the very end of this section. These libraries are not sales outlets. A local library can contact a regional depository to help locate specific reports, or direct contact may be made by an individual.
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Typical Report Citation and Abstract

19970001126 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA USA Water Tunnel Flow Visualization Study Through Poststall of 12 Novel Planform Shapes Gatlin, Gregory M., NASA Langley Research Center, USA Neuhart, Dan H., Lockheed Engineering and Sciences Co., USA; Mar. 1996; 130p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): RTOP 505-68-70-04 Report No(s): NASA-TM-4663; NAS 1.15:4663; L-17418; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A07, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche To determine the flow field characteristics of 12 planform geometries, a flow visualization investigation was conducted in the Langley 16- by 24-Inch Water Tunnel. Concepts studied included flat plate representations of diamond wings, twin bodies, double wings, cutout wing configurations, and serrated forebodies. The off-surface flow patterns were identified by injecting colored dyes from the model surface into the free-stream flow. These dyes generally were injected so that the localized vortical flow patterns were visualized. Photographs were obtained for angles of attack ranging from 10 to 50, and all investigations were conducted at a test section speed of 0.25 ft per sec. Results from the investigation indicate that the formation of strong vortices on highly swept forebodies can improve poststall lift characteristics; however, the asymmetric bursting of these vortices could produce substantial control problems. A wing cutout was found to significantly alter the position of the forebody vortex on the wing by shifting the vortex inboard. Serrated forebodies were found to effectively generate multiple vortices over the configuration. Vortices from 65 swept forebody serrations tended to roll together, while vortices from 40 swept serrations were more effective in generating additional lift caused by their more independent nature. Author Water Tunnel Tests; Flow Visualization; Flow Distribution; Free Flow; Planforms; Wing Profiles; Aerodynamic Configurations
Key
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Document ID Number; Corporate Source Title Author(s) and Affiliation(s) Publication Date Contract/Grant Number(s) Report Number(s); Availability and Price Codes Abstract Abstract Author Subject Terms
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL AEROSPACE REPORTS
A Biweekly Publication of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration

VOLUME 39, NOVEMBER 16, 2001
01 AERONAUTICS (GENERAL)
Includes general research topics related to manned and unmanned aircraft and the problems of flight within the Earth's atmosphere. Also includes manufacturing, maintenance, and repair of aircraft. For specific topics in aeronautics see categories 02 through 09. For information related to space vehicles see 12 Astronautics.
20010099419 National Aerospace Lab., Fluid Science Research Center, Tokyo, Japan Technical Report of National Aerospace Laboratory. Development of a System for Prediction of Boundary-Layer Transition Nomura, T.; January 2000; 14p; In English Report No.(s): PB2001-105895; NAL-TR-1397T; Copyright; Avail: National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Microfiche A system for prediction of boundary-layer transition is developed which consists of the Navier-Stokes code, two kinds of codes based on the linear parabolized stability equations (PSE), and the e(sup N)-method code. The prediction system is formulated in generalized curvilinear coordinates, which makes the system applicable to practical configurations. The system is used to predict the transition of the boundary layer of an infinite swept cylinder placed in a supersonic flow. The results obtained validate the system and clarify the effect of the nonparallelism of the boundary layer on an oblique TS wave. Furthermore, the characteristics of the PSE codes such as transients and oscillations are found through the analysis of a crossflow disturbance. NTIS Boundary Layer Transition; Cross Flow; Prediction Analysis Techniques; Systems Engineering
02 AERODYNAMICS
Includes aerodynamics of flight vehicles, test bodies, airframe components and combinations, wings, and control surfaces. Also includes aerodynamics of rotors, stators, fans and other elements of turbomachinery. For related information, see also 34 Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer.
20010102679 Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ USA Control of Transition in Swept-Wing Boundary Layers using MEMS Devices as Distributed Roughness Final Report, 1 Jul. 1997 - 31 Dec. 2000 Saric, William S.; Aug. 24, 2001; 195p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-97-1-0520 Report No.(s): AD-A393665; XAA0034F; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A09, Hardcopy; A03, Microfiche Active flow control using MEMS-based microactuators holds tremendous promise for achieving laminar flow control and drag reduction for a wide class of aircraft. In order to achieve effective control it is necessary to have a complete understanding of the fundamental instability processes that apply to a particular boundary layer and to develop a sensor and actuator system that is capable of providing an appropriate control input to that boundary layer. In the present work, crossflow-dominated swept-wing boundary layers are the primary interest. These boundary layers are known to undergo a highly nonlinear transition process that involves, in low-disturbance environments, stationary waves of longitudinal vorticity. These stationary waves have to potential to be controlled or suppressed by an appropriate surface roughness configurations that could be provided by MEMS-based actuators. The work performed here consists of a parallel experimental and hardware development efforts. The breakdown phase of the crossflow instability is investigated in the experiments in an effort to determine an appropriate control input. A 1
MEMS-based roughness actuator system is developed to provide controlled roughness inputs. The results of the experimental phase conclusively demonstrate that the destabilization of a high-frequency secondary instability is responsible or breakdown. The MEMS development effort did not produce a useful control device because of certain shortcomings in the present state of MEMS fabrication quality control and overall system integration. DTIC Active Control; Actuators; Boundary Layer Control; Control Equipment; Cross Flow; Drag Reduction; Microelectromechanical Systems; Microinstrumentation; Swept Wings; Systems Integration 20010103867 Florida Univ., Dept. of Aerospace Engineering, Mechanics and Engineering Science, Gainesville, FL USA Development of an Innovative Algorithm for Aerodynamics-Structure Interaction Using Lattice Boltzmann Method Final Report, 15 Jul. 1998 - 14 Jul. 2001 Mei, Ren-Wei, Florida Univ., USA; Shyy, Wei, Florida Univ., USA; Yu, Da-Zhi, Florida Univ., USA; Luo, Li-Shi, Institute for Computer Applications in Science and Engineering, USA; [2001]; 150p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAG1-2092; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A07, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche The lattice Boltzmann equation (LBE) is a kinetic formulation which offers an alternative computational method capable of solving fluid dynamics for various systems. Major advantages of the method are owing to the fact that the solution for the particle distribution functions is explicit, easy to implement, and the algorithm is natural to parallelize. In this final report, we summarize the works accomplished in the past three years. Since most works have been published, the technical details can be found in the literature. Brief summary will be provided in this report. In this project, a second-order accurate treatment of boundary condition in the LBE method is developed for a curved boundary and tested successfully in various 2-D and 3-D configurations. To evaluate the aerodynamic force on a body in the context of LBE method, several force evaluation schemes have been investigated. A simple momentum exchange method is shown to give reliable and accurate values for the force on a body in both 2-D and 3-D cases. Various 3-D LBE models have been assessed in terms of efficiency, accuracy, and robustness. In general, accurate 3-D results can be obtained using LBE methods. The 3-D 19-bit model is found to be the best one among the 15-bit, 19-bit, and 27-bit LBE models. to achieve desired grid resolution and to accommodate the far field boundary conditions in aerodynamics computations, a multi-block LBE method is developed by dividing the flow field into various blocks each having constant lattice spacing. Substantial contribution to the LBE method is also made through the development of a new, generalized lattice Boltzmann equation constructed in the moment space in order to improve the computational stability, detailed theoretical analysis on the stability, dispersion, and dissipation characteristics of the LBE method, and computational studies of high Reynolds number flows with singular gradients. Finally, a finite difference-based lattice Boltzmann method is developed for inviscid compressible flows. Author Boltzmann Transport Equation; Computational Fluid Dynamics; Two Dimensional Models; Three Dimensional Models; Algorithms; Aerodynamic Forces; Fluid-Solid Interactions 20010104664 National Aerospace Lab., Amsterdam Netherlands Development of Analysis Tools for Active Shape and Vibration Control Boer, A. de; Veul, R.; Arendsen, P.; Bakker, M.; Apr. 23, 2000; 9p; In English; Presented at Active Control Technology for Enhanced Performance Operation Capabilities of Military Aircraft, Land Vehicles and Sea Vehicles, 8-12 May 2000, Braunschweig, Germany. Contract(s)/Grant(s): NRT-02805N Report No.(s): AD-A391791; NLR-TP-2000-225; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Active shape and vibration control are means for obtaining optimal flow conditions around wings, ducts and channels under different conditions. This means that the structure can be adapted (deformed or damped) such that aerodynamic or vibro-acoustic behaviour is optimal for that particular situation. The fast developments in computer technology makes it possible that more complex analyses aerodynamics and vibro-acoustics included are applied in the design process. At NLR research is carried out on the integration of advanced analysis tools in design environments. In this paper the tools which are developed for the analyses of active shape and vibration control are presented. The backbone of the design environment is an optimisation algorithm that helps the designer to come up with optimal design of structures. In the case of active shape and vibration control the optimal design of controllers is a new aspect. This means that in addition to the optimisation of the locations of sensors and actuators the control parameters have to be optimised. In this paper a method is proposed to optimise locations and control parameters at once with the standard finite element representation of the equation of motion as a base. DTIC Aerodynamics; Structural Engineering; Control Systems Design; Active Control; Finite Element Method; Vibrational Stress; Vibration Damping 2
20010105287 Eagle Aerospace, Inc., Hampton, VA USA Computational Analyses of Propulsion Aeroacoustics for Mixed Flow Nozzle Pylon Installation at Takeoff Massey, Steven J., Eagle Aerospace, Inc., USA; Waithe, Kenrich A., Analytical Services and Materials, Inc., USA; September 2001; 35p; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): NASA Order L-13395; RTOP 706-32-41-03 Report No.(s): NASA/CR-2001-211056; NAS 1.26:211056; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche A CFD analyses is presented for a set of baseline and noise suppression mixed flow nozzles with and without a pylon installation. The five model configurations are as follows; a baselinecore/fan dual-stream nozzle with an external plug, a chevron mixer nozzle with a peak on the symmetry plane with external plug, both of the above nozzles with an installed bifurcatingpylon and lastly a clocked chevron mixer nozzle such that a trough is aligned with the center of the pylon. The fluid flow is simulated by solving the asymptotically steady, compressible, Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations using an implicit, up-wind, flux-difference splitting finite volume scheme and standard two equation k-epsilon turbulence model with a linear stress representation. All computations are performed using the multiblock, parallel, structuredcode PAB3D. Results indicate that the clocked chevron with pylon case achieves the most optimal levels of average and peak turbulence kinetic energy and vorticity and therefore is expected to be the quietest of the five configurations tested. Further study is required to refine expressions which are indicative of noise and mate these with rigorous noise prediction models. Author Computational Fluid Dynamics; Plug Nozzles; Aeroacoustics; Analysis (Mathematics); Finite Volume Method; Flux Difference Splitting; Noise Prediction
03 AIR TRANSPORTATION AND SAFETY

Includes passenger and cargo air transport operations; aircraft ground operations; flight safety and hazards; and aircraft accidents. Systems and hardware specific to ground operations of aircraft and to airport construction are covered in 09 Research and Support Facilities (Air). Air traffic control is covered in 04 Aircraft Communications and Navigation. For related information see also 16 Space Transportation and Safety; and 85 Technology Utilization and Surface Transportation.
20010099424 Army Safety Center, Fort Rucker, AL USA Flightfax: Army Aviation Risk-Management Information Flightfax; May 2001; Volume 29, No. 5, pp. 1-16; In English Report No.(s): AD-A389948; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche In accident after accident the investigators of the Army Safety Center see the same mistakes over and over again: Derived from text Helicopters; Aircraft Accidents; Utility Aircraft; Management Information Systems; Information Management 20010099590 General Accounting Office, Resources and Economic Development Div., Washington, DC USA National Airspace System. Status of Wide Area Augmentation System Project April 1998; 34p; In English Report No.(s): PB2001-107574; GAO/RCED-98-79; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Microfiche; A03, Hardcopy The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is planning a transition from ground- to satellite-based navigation by using satellite signals generated by the Department of Defenses (DOD) Global Positioning System (GPS). The system is expected to improve the safety of flight operations, allow the fuel-efficient routing of aircraft, and enable FAA to eventually phase out its network of ground-based navigation aids. This network is known as the Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS). The Secretary was directed to report on the status and management of the project, including an identification of baseline performance, cost, and schedule goals and to provide a risk assessment. This GAO report examined whether the Secretary report provides a complete assessment of FAAs risks in developing the WAAS project. NTIS National Airspace System; Navigation Aids; Safety; Flight Operations 20010100105 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Graduate School of Engineering and Management, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Effects of Alternative Performance Criteria Upon Composition of Air Transportable Spare Parts Kits Buyukacar, Volcan M.; Mar. 20, 2001; 122p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A391234; AFIT/GLM/ENS/01M-05; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A06, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche 3
Airlift capacity is a definitive factor in the success of large-scale military operations. History proves that the demand for airlift soon exceeds its capacity during simultaneous deployment of forces. Therefore good solutions to the airlift capacity problem are important. This thesis contributes to the resolution of this problem by seeking ways to reduce readiness spare parts packages (RSPs) deployed for Air Force squadrons through addition of airlift criteria into the RSP selection process. We find that item cost, weight, and volume are three important criteria for RSP computations. We then offer a method for implementing these three criteria in the RSP selection process. We evaluate our method using an experimental design based on the USAF Aircraft Sustainability Model. DTIC Military Operations; Spare Parts; System Effectiveness; Air Transportation 20010100454 Army Safety Center, Fort Rucker, AL USA FLIGHTFAX: Army Aviation Risk-Management Information. Volume 29, Number 9. September 2001 Sep. 2001; 16p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A393876; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Flightfax is published by the U.S. Army Safety Center and concerns issues related to army aviation safety. This issue contains topics including the high risk of flying in bad weather, computer-assisted disasters, laser protection for aviators, list of aircraft accidents, and risk management. DTIC Aircraft Safety; Flight Safety; Armed Forces 20010101157 Naval Air Warfare Center, Aircraft Div., Patuxent River, MD USA A Comparison of Neural, Fuzzy, Evolutionary, and Adaptive Approaches for Carrier Landing Steinberg, Marc; Page, Anthony; Jan. 2001; 12p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A393505; AIAA-2001-4085; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche This paper compares in simulation six control approaches for an automated carrier landing design problem. The key requirements of this problem are that the aircraft must remain within tight bounds on a three dimensional flight path while approaching the ship, and then touch down in a relatively small area with acceptable sink rate, angular attitudes and speed. Further, this must be accomplished with limited control authority for varying conditions of ship motion, air turbulence, radar tracking noise/data delays, and ship air wake. The control law approaches examined are: fuzzy logic, two neural network approaches, indirect adaptive and non-adaptive versions of dynamic inversion, and a hybrid approach that combines direct and indirect adaptive elements. In some of the cases, a genetic algorithm was used to optimize fixed parameters during design. The approaches were demonstrated on a 6 Degree-of-Freedom simulation with nonlinear aerodynamic and engine models, actuator models with position and rate saturations, and turbulence. Simulation results include statistics for landing with damage to both control and lifting surfaces in different environmental conditions. DTIC Flight Control; Aircraft Landing; Design Analysis; Radar Tracking 20010101170 Naval Air Warfare Center, Aircraft Div., Patuxent River, MD USA Responding to F-14 Fleet Rudder Hardover Incidents Bruington, Mark; Brenernan, Kevin; Santangelo, Thomas; Jan. 2001; 13p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A393597; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Since the summer of 2000, the F-l4 community has experienced three occurrences of rudder hardover. The NAVAIRSYSCOM F-l4 test and management teams commenced an investigation into the causes of the failure. This investigation led to the development of rudder hardover emergency procedures for the F-l4 aircrews. to assist in developing and evaluating the emergency procedures, the team utilized the F-14 simulation model in the Manned Flight Simulator (MFS) at NAWCAD, Patuxent River, Maryland. Flight fidelity was checked using qualitative comments from an F 14 fleet pilot who experienced the rudder hardover failure in flight and subsequently safely recovered the airplane. A flight test effort was deemed prohibitive due to safety concerns, cost, and the immediate need for NATOPS/PCL procedures required by the fleet squadrons. One challenge in using the simulation was that the resident MFS F-14 aerodynamic model had some limitation that had to be understood when performing tests on these malfunctions. The resultant rudder hardover simulation malfunctions were recently inserted into the F-14 Operational Flight Trainers (OPTs) and are currently being used to train fleet F-l4 pilots to handle this emergency situation. DTIC Fighter Aircraft; Rudders; Aircraft Safety 4
20010102957 Embry-Riddle Aeronautical Univ., Aeronautical Science, Daytona Beach, FL USA Aviation System Safety and Pilot Risk Perception: Implications for Enhancing Decision-Making Skills Green, Mavis F., Embry-Riddle Aeronautical Univ., USA; Journal of Air Transportation World Wide; 2001; ISSN 1093-8826; Volume 6, No. 1, pp. 98-111; In English; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity This research explores risk perception in a defined population of flight instructors and the implications of these views for flight training. Flight instructors and students engaged in collegiate aviation flight training were interviewed for this qualitative study. Thirty-three percent of the instructors interviewed reported that flying is not a risky activity. This is important because research identifies risk perception as one factor influencing instructional choices. These choices can then impact the subsequent decision-making processes of flight students. Facilitating pilot decision-making through the use of an appropriate type of learning that incorporates the modeling of consensually validated cognitive procedures and risk management processes is discussed. Author Decision Making; Flight Safety; Flight Training; Risk 20010103206 SRiLankan Airlines, Katunayake, SRi Lanka Future of Colombo Airport (CMB) as an Airline Hub Jayalath, J. T. D., SRiLankan Airlines, SRi Lanka; Bandara, J. M. S. J., Moratuwa University, SRi Lanka; Journal of Air Transportation World Wide; 2001; ISSN 1093-8826; Volume 6, No. 2, pp. 117-128; In English; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity Aviation throughout the world has seen profound changes within the last two decades. Today more and more airports are looking for hub operations. However, as the success of hub operation would depend on a number of parameters such as geographic location, route network, facilities available, passengers acceptance etc., not all airports would be able to operate as successful hubs. This paper investigates the possibility for (he Bandaranayake international airport, Colombo, SRi Lanka (CMB) to emerge as a hub airport in the South Asian region. It is found that CMB is situated in a geographically advantageous position in the region with respect to the airline route network. Comparison of travel distances between CMB and prominent O-D pairs and evaluation of airline schedules at relevant established hub airports indicates that CMB could operate as a directional hub serving the South Asian market if the number of destinations with daily flights could be increased. Author Airline Operations; Site Selection; Market Research; SRi Lanka 20010103207 Philips Coll., Nicosia, Cyprus The Air Transportation Policy of Small States: Meeting the Challenges of Globalization Antoniou, Andreas, Philips Coll., Cyprus; Journal of Air Transportation World Wide; 2001; ISSN 1093-8826; Volume 6, No. 2, pp. 65-92; In English; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity The air transport policies of small states are currently at a crossroad. Policy makers in these countries are facing a difficult dilemma: either follow the general trend of liberalization and pay the high cost of the resulting restructuring or maintain the existing regulatory and ownership structures at the risk of isolation thus undermining the viability and sustainability of their air transport sector and their economies in general. This paper proposes to explore the broad issues raised by this difficult dilemma, to outline its special significance in the context of small states and to delineate the options opened to the economic policymakers; in these states. After a brief note on the method of research, we sketch the main elements of the international air transport industry in which the airlines of small states are called upon to act. We then propose to review the main features of the analytical framework of this debate as it pertains to the special circumstances of these states. Then we focus on the challenges facing the airlines of Small States, while the next section proposes a number of the alternative policy options open to the policy makers in these states. The main conclusions are drawn in the final section. Author Air Transportation; Policies; International Cooperation 20010103211 University of Southern Illinois, Aviation Management, Carbondale, IL USA Air Charter - The Business Airline of the Future...But, Does the Business Traveler Know? Kaps, Robert W., University of Southern Illinois, USA; Gardner, Robin C., University of Southern Illinois, USA; Hartung, Jeffrey W., Institute of Advanced Aviation Management Research, Inc., USA; Journal of Air Transportation World Wide; 2001; ISSN 1093-8826; Volume 6, No. 2, pp. 93-116; In English; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity Historically, FAR Part 121 commercial carriers have provided efficient, economical and safe air transportation for corporate and business users. Recently, however, corporate and business travelers find their travel plans disrupted by delays, bankruptcies, poor service, lost baggage, fare increases, labor strikes and other systemic difficulties that degrade their travel experience to unsatisfactory levels. This article examines these Part 121 service delivery problems and, utilizing a tripartite investigative 5
methodology, examines an alternative air transport mode: FAR Part 135 on-demand charter travel products. This long extant segment of our national air transportation system is set prime to support increased demand for charter services. Corporate and business travelers are set prime to utilize viable, cost effective alternatives to commercial travel products. Two research questions emerge. First is whether corporate and business travelers are aware of Part 135 travel alternatives. Second is whether Part 135 charter service providers are aware of this latent demand and are effectively targeting this demand segment in their marketing efforts. The three-part surveys employed to investigate these questions examined demand side Author Air Transportation; Airline Operations; USA; Industrial Management 20010103232 Purdue Univ., Dept. of Communication, West Lafayette, IN USA Integrating Safety in the Aviation System: Interdepartmental Training for Pilots and Maintenance Technicians Mattson, Marifran, Purdue Univ., USA; Petrin, Donald A., Purdue Univ., USA; Young, John P., Purdue Univ., USA; Journal of Air Transportation World Wide; 2001; ISSN 1093-8826; Volume 6, No. 1, pp. 37-64; In English; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity The study of human factors has had a decisive impact on the aviation industry. However, the entire aviation system often is not considered in researching, training, and evaluating human factors issues especially with regard to safety. In both conceptual and practical terms, we argue for the proactive management of human error from both an individual and organizational systems perspective. The results of a multidisciplinary research project incorporating survey data from professional pilots and maintenance technicians and an exploratory study integrating students from relevant disciplines are reported. Survey findings suggest that latent safety errors may occur during the maintenance discrepancy reporting process because pilots and maintenance technicians do not effectively interact with one another. The importance of interdepartmental or cross-disciplinary training for decreasing these errors and increasing safety is discussed as a primary implication. Author Human Factors Engineering; Pilot Training; Maintenance Training; Flight Safety; Aircraft Safety 20010103391 Nebraska Univ., Aviation Inst., Omaha, NE USA Optimizing Airspace System Capacity Through a Small Aircraft Transportation System: An Analysis of Economic and Operational Considerations Tarry, Scott E., Nebraska Univ., USA; Bowen, Brent D., Nebraska Univ., USA; Journal of Air Transportation World Wide; 2001; ISSN 1093-8826; Volume 6, No. 1, pp. 65-76; In English; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity Americas air transport system is currently faced with two equally important dilemmas. First, congestion and delays associated with the overburdened hub and spoke system will continue to worsen unless dramatic changes are made in the way air transportation services are provided. Second, many communities and various regions of the country have not benefited from the air transport system, which tends to focus its attention on major population centers. An emerging solution to both problems is a Small Aircraft Transportation System (SATS), which will utilize a new generation of advanced small aircraft to provide air transport services to those citizens who are poorly served by the hub and spoke system and those citizens who are not served at all. Using new innovations in navigation, communication, and propulsion technologies, these aircraft will enable users to safely and reliably access the over 5,000 general aviation landing facilities around the USA. A small aircraft transportation system holds the potential to revolutionize the way Americans travel and to greatly enhance the use of air transport as an economic development tool in rural and isolated communities across the nation. Author Air Transportation; Airspace; General Aviation Aircraft; USA; Air Traffic 20010103782 Naval Air Warfare Center, Air Vehicle and Crew Systems Technology Dept., Warminster, PA USA Ejection Tower Evaluation of the Rate-Dependant Foam Cushions for the NACES Seat Final Report Miller, Kenneth, Naval Air Warfare Center, USA; Morelli, Louis, Naval Air Warfare Center, USA; October 1993; 63p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A393091; NAWCADWAR-93078-60; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Fifty two tests were conducted at the NAWC Warminster Ejection Tower Site. Seven cushion configurations were used in the test program to measure their effect on ejection safety. It was clearly seen that the Confor foam cushion enables the manikin to be more effectively coupled to the seat than the current NACES cushion. Based on these test results, it was found that the NACES cushion foam could be replaced with the Confor Foam to improve seated comfort without degrading ejection safety. This report describes the test articles, test procedures, data collection and data analysis used for the evaluation. DTIC Ejection Seats; Towers; Evaluation; Foams 6
20010105466 Research Triangle Inst., Hampton, VA USA Use of a Data-Linked Weather Information Display and Effects on Pilot Navigation Decision Making in a Piloted Simulation Study Final Report Yuchnovicz, Daniel E., Research Triangle Inst., USA; Novacek, Paul F., Research Triangle Inst., USA; Burgess, Malcolm A., Research Triangle Inst., USA; Heck, Michael L., Research Triangle Inst., USA; Stokes, Alan F., Research Triangle Inst., USA; August 2001; 187p; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): NCA1-130; RTOP 728-40-10-02 Report No.(s): NASA/CR-2001-211047; NAS 1.26:211047; Rept-7286.010; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A09, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche This study provides recommendations to the FAA and to prospective manufacturers based on an exploration of the effects of data link weather displays upon pilot decision performance. An experiment was conducted with twenty-four current instrument rated pilots who were divided into two equal groups and presented with a challenging but realistic flight scenario involving weather containing significant embedded convective activity. All flights were flown in a full-mission simulation facility within instrument meteorological conditions. The inflight weather display depicted NexRad images, graphical METARs and textual METARs. The objective was to investigate the potential for misuse of a weather display, and incorporate recommendations for the design and use of these displays. The primary conclusion of the study found that the inflight weather display did not improve weather avoidance decision making. Some of the reasons to support this finding include: the pilots inability to easily perceive their proximity to the storms, increased workload and difficulty in deciphering METAR textual data. The compelling nature of a graphical weather display caused many pilots to reduce their reliance on corroborating weather information from other sources. Minor changes to the weather display could improve the ability of a pilot to make better decisions on hazard avoidance. Author Data Links; Meteorological Radar; Weather; Pilot Performance; Decision Making
04 AIRCRAFT COMMUNICATIONS AND NAVIGATION

Includes all modes of communication with and between aircraft; air navigation systems (satellite and ground based); and air traffic control. For related information see also 06 Avionics and Aircraft Instrumentation; 17 Space Communications; Spacecraft Communications, Command and Tracking, and 32 Communications and Radar.
20010101160 Naval War Coll., Newport, RI USA GPS and the Joint Force Commander: Critical Asset, Critical Vulnerability Final Report McPherson, Michael R.; May 18, 2001; 26p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A393518; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Joint Force Commanders (JFCs) have become over reliant on military and commercial satellite systems for intelligence gathering and dissemination, weather, command, control, communications, and navigation/guidance functions, to name a few. The Global Positioning System (GPS), in particular, is becoming the dominant source for navigation, precision, and timing information in weapon, vehicles, and command and control systems. With the large investment in GPS-dependent systems, there is a tendency to overlook GPS shortcomings and vulnerabilities. Weve reached the point where satellites have become a center of gravity for both military planning and operations. Moreover, the U.S. has not yet weaponized space to protect its assets. The JFC should not rely on GPS as the sole navigational, precision weapons guidance, and timing information in military weapon systems and command and control systems. Over-reliance on GPS produces critical vulnerabilities in the operational concepts of precision engagement, force protection, operational maneuver, and command and control. Although GPS is a critical strength, it can be exploited by an adversary. JFCs must understand not only the capabilities of GPS, but also the weaknesses and vulnerabilities of GPS before employing weapons, equipment, and systems that are GPS-dependent. DTIC Global Positioning System; Vulnerability; Military Operations; Intelligence 20010103229 Electronic Systems Div., Hanscom AFB, MA USA C2 Enterprise Integration Latiff, Robert, Electronic Systems Div., USA; Sep. 24, 2001; 14p; In English; Navy Interoperability Workshop, 30-31 May 2001, USA Report No.(s): AD-A393696; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Microfiche; A03, Hardcopy 7
This viewgraph presentation provides information on proceedings at the Navy Interoperability Workshop, held on 30-31 May 2001, and sponsored by the National Defense Industrial Association (NDIA). DTIC Interoperability; Navy; Command and Control; Defense Program 20010105288 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA PiVoT GPS Receiver Wennersten, Miriam Dvorak, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Banes, Anthony Vince, Orbital Sciences Corp., USA; Boegner, Gregory J., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Dougherty, Lamar, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Edwards, Bernard L., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Roman, Joseph, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; [2001]; 7p; In English; ION GPS 2001, 2001, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche NASA Goddard Space Flight Center has built an open architecture, 24 channel space flight GPS receiver. The CompactPCI PiVoT GPS receiver card is based on the Mitel/GEC Plessey Builder-2 board. PiVoT uses two Plessey 2021 correlators to allow tracking of up to 24 separate GPS SVs on unique channels. Its four front ends can support four independent antennas, making it a useful card for hosting GPS attitude determination algorithms. It has been built using space quality, radiation tolerant parts. The PiVoT card will track a weaker signal than the original Builder 2 board. It also hosts an improved clock oscillator. The PiVoT software is based on the original Plessey Builder 2 software ported to the Linux operating system. The software is POSIX complaint and can easily be converted to other POSIX operating systems. The software is open source to anyone with a licensing agreement with Plessey. Additional tasks can be added to the software to support GPS science experiments or attitude determination algorithms. The next generation PiVoT receiver will be a single radiation hardened CompactPCI card containing the microprocessor and the GPS receiver optimized for use above the GPS constellation. PiVoT was flown successfully on a balloon in July, 2001, for its first non-simulated flight. Author Global Positioning System; Receivers; Microprocessors; Algorithms
05 AIRCRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE

Includes all stages of design of aircraft and aircraft structures and systems. Also includes aircraft testing, performance, and evaluation, and aircraft and flight simulation technology. For related information, see also 18 Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance and 39 Structural Mechanics. For land transportation vehicles, see 85 Technology Utilization and Surface Transportation.
20010100399 Manchester Univ., School of Engineering, UK An Efficient All-Movable Fin Design for Military Aircraft Final Report Cooper, Jonathan E.; Aug. 06, 2001; 39p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F61775-00-W-E047 Report No.(s): AD-A393341; EOARD-SPC-00-4047; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche This report results from a contract tasking University of Manchester as follows: A generic all-movable vertical tail will be designed (at the conceptual design level) with conventional and with active flexible technologies. The weight, performance and observable benefits of such designs will then be determined relative to the conventional design. The work will examine a range of different parameters including: Mach number both sub and supersonic speeds, attachment position, yaw stiffness. The optimization will be carried out using either the La Grange code, which is already available at the University of Manchester, or the ASTROS (Automated Structural Optimization System) code. A Finite Element model for a generic fin is available which was used in the DASA (Deutsche Aerospace AG) La Grange optimization code. This model was modified previously for the USAF-ASTROS optimization code. Part of the outcome of this work will be defining the best approach to use such multidisciplinary design and optimization codes to achieve an optimal aeroelastic design. DTIC Aircraft Design; Fins; Multidisciplinary Design Optimization; Structural Design; Tail Assemblies; Finite Element Method 20010100403 Raytheon Electronic Systems, El Segundo, CA USA Gunship Program Wireless Hardware and Heads-Up Wearables Trade Study Report Final Report, 25 Sep. 1998 - 25 Sep. 8
2000 Tomashefsky, Steve; Speckling, Doug; Summers, Pat; Sep. 2000; 33p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F33615-97-D-1153; AF Proj. 2003 Report No.(s): AD-A393349; AFRL-IF-WP-TR-2001-1517; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche The purpose of this program was to greatly increase the accessibility and usability of technical documentation required by flight line members and air crews, in particular for the Air Force Special Operations commands AC-130 Gunships. The focus of the final report is a trade study, which examined robust portable maintenance aids (PMAs), as deemed necessary to equip maintenance and air crew members for accessing and utilizing electronically formed technical information. DTIC Information Systems; Aircraft Maintenance; Technology Assessment; Attack Aircraft 20010100493 Army Research Lab., Weapons and Materials Research Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA Parameterized Design of a Supersonic Radome Final Report Hollis, Michael S., Army Research Lab., USA; April 2001; 37p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A389166; ARL-TR-2418; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche With the new requirements of the future combat systems (FCS), gun-launched projectiles will most likely be decreasing in diameter and increasing in muzzle velocity. In addition, these projectiles will be carrying entire electronic systems, specifically, global positioning system (GPS)/inertial guidance and terminal homing. These systems will sense during the flight and terminal environments of the projectile and will provide data links (probably two-way telemetry) for system diagnostics and dynamic re-targeting. Most of these sensing elements involve various antennae operating at a variety of frequencies ranging from GPS (1.5 GHz) to millimeter wave seekers (94 GHz) to optical seekers (1 PHz). Because of packaging constraints, these systems are likely to be placed forward on the projectile body. All these antennae require a protective window for transmitting and/or receiving signals. Based on the location of these systems, that window is usually described as the projectile radome. The radome must withstand the cannon launch and ballistic environment. The intense aero-heating of supersonic flight softens polymers, thus reducing the structural integrity. of course, it is obvious that the radome must perform well electronically across a possible wide band of radio frequencies. This report studies the use of several (polymer types) materials, which can be machined to create a radome of a desired shape. These polymers, which are either extruded or molded into stock shapes, were chosen based on the dielectric constant (relative to air, between 3 and 4) and thermal and structural properties. A generic radome geometry was selected to perform the thermal and structural analyses. An older yawsonde geometry, which was flight tested, was also analyzed. DTIC Thermodynamic Properties; Weapon Systems; Structural Analysis; Polymers; Projectiles; Electronic Equipment; Permittivity; Thermal Analysis; Supersonic Flight; Radomes; Aerodynamic Heating 20010101174 Cincinnati Univ., OH USA The Effects of JP-8 Jet Fuel on the Immune System of Tank Entry Workers Rhodes, Audry G.; Jan. 2001; 27p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A393610; USAF-CI01-208; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Jet fuel is a common occupational exposure among commercial and military maintenance workers. JP-8 jet fuel, a military formulation, has been found to have immunotoxic effects in mice but little data exists for humans. The aim of this cross- sectional study was to determine if the number of immune cells in the peripheral blood was altered among tank entry workers, a group which has been determined in previous studies to have the highest exposure to JP-8 in the U.S Air Force. A total of 123 volunteers (45 tank entry workers) from three Air Force bases participated in the study. After adjusting for a number of covariates, tank entry workers were found to have higher numbers of white blood cells (p=0.01), neutrophils (p=0.05), and monocytes (p=0.02) and no differences in the numbers of total lymphocytes, T-cells, T-helper cells, T- suppressor cells, Natural Killer cells, and B-cells when compared with a low exposure group. Tank entry workers did not show any clinical effects of the increased immune cell counts. Although there were no differences in the number of lymphocytes among study groups, further investigations are needed to evaluate the functional ability of these cells to produce lymphokines and cytokines and modulate the immune system. DTIC Toxicity; Immunology; Jet Engine Fuels 20010103069 Air Univ., School of Advanced Airpower Studies, Maxwell AFB, AL USA Modeling and Simulation Technology A New Vector for Flight-Test Miller, David E.; Jun. 1998; 99p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A391778; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A05, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche 9
In June of 1995, senior Air Force leadership led by Secretary Widnall and General Ronald Fogelman, Chief of Staff met to establish policy for the future of Air Force modeling and simulation (M&S). The result of this conference was a the publication of A New Vector as a balanced strategy and a roadmap for Air Force M&S. The M&S roadmap in A New Vector is best compared to something with which the Air Force is very familiar how to assess and invest in the capability of aircraft systems. Because aircraft systems assessment is the basic mission of flight-test, this thesis addresses the question: As design and engineering models increase in scope and complexity from the physical component level to complex systems, what are the capabilities and limitations of M&S for flight test? DTIC Flight Tests; Systems Simulation; Armed Forces; Air Defense 20010103247 Air Univ., School of Advanced Airpower Studies, Maxwell AFB, AL USA Uninhabited Combat Aerial Vehicles: Airpower by the People, for the People, But Not With the People Clark, Richard M.; Jun. 1999; 129p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A391692; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A07, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche This study examines the obstacles that uninhabited combat aerial vehicles (UCAV) will face in achieving significant operational capability and discusses whether or not they can be overcome. The author starts out by tracing the evolution of UCAVs starting before the first manned flight and ending in the late l97Os when the Air Force abandoned all efforts in UCAV development. The study also describes the obstacles that prevented UCAVs from becoming operational in the past. Next, the writer explains how the UCAV reappeared in Air Force research and development efforts in the 199Os, and explains whether the same obstacles of the past will be obstacles in the future. The study concludes with a description of the obstacles that UCAVs will likely face and recommends solutions to help overcome them. DTIC Combat; Pilotless Aircraft; Military Aircraft; Air Defense 20010103253 ELDEC Corp., Lynnwood, WA USA Advanced Maintenance Free Aircraft Battery System (AMFABS) Final Report, 1 June 1991-1 Sep. 1998 Green, Jeff; Sep. 1998; 93p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F33615-91-C-2108; AF Proj. 3036 Report No.(s): AD-A391717; AFRL-PR-WP-TR-2001-2071; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A05, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Vented nickel cadmium (NiCd) batteries are used in most main aircraft battery applications. to keep the batteries fully charged and at their rated capacity, they require a topping charge or overcharge. This overcharge process results in conversion of water into gaseous oxygen and hydrogen. Over several charge and discharge cycles, these gasses escape from the cell vent caps, resulting in water usage and forcing a maintenance action to keep the battery in a healthy state. This maintenance, which requires special facilities and training, drives up the life cycle costs of vented battery systems. Over the past few years, there have been several initiatives to reduce the operating costs of aircraft batteries. In particular, the USA Air Force (USAF) is involved in the development of maintenance free battery systems. There are two general approaches to reduce the maintenance cost of batteries. One approach is to develop a disposable battery system, such that after some interval the battery is simply replaced. The other approach is to develop a battery system that will function properly without maintenance for an extended period. The subject of this report is a system that does not require any scheduled maintenance for the design life of the aircraft. This approach is currently used in spacecraft applications where battery maintenance is not practical. DTIC Nickel Cadmium Batteries; Aircraft Equipment 20010103256 Air Univ., School of Advanced Airpower Studies, Maxwell AFB, AL USA Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicles: Evolution or Potential Revolution? Brown, David R.; Apr. 1998; 61p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A391726; AU/SCHOOL/000-1998-04; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche This paper will deal with developmental and operational concepts of arming unmanned aerial vehicles. More specifically, I wished to explore the concept of developing an unmanned combat aerial vehicle (UCAV) that will provide the capability to greatly expand the potential of air power as an instrument of national policy. I had believed that an academic and educated discussion of this topic was still relatively new territory for the USAF. As I began to study and research the issues involved, I found that in fact there is a tremendous amount of material already written about UAVs and associated theories on how to best develop an armed capability. I also found that most of these writings were very similar in nature. Invariably the paper or article would spend the majority of its content examining the historical development of UAVs. Then the remaining portion of the paper would be spent 10
on either a very broad theoretical justification of the future need for UAVs or a very technical and intricate conclusion detailing specific UAV systems. I have tried to break free from that mold as I wrote this paper. The purpose of this paper is to offer a guide to help develop a coherent Air Force policy on a UAV capability. It is not meant to simply advocate a specific airframe or airframe design concept. It is meant to influence the reader on what I feel is the potential to dramatically affect the capabilities and nature of airpower. DTIC Pilotless Aircraft; Histories; Combat; Military Aircraft; Air Defense 20010103261 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USA Targeting and Fire Control System Analysis of the New Turkish Attack Helicopter The AH-1Z King Cobra Reyhan, Gokhan L.; Mar. 2001; 186p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A391764; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A09, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche In May of 1997, the Turkish Military issued a Request for Proposal for the purchase of 145 attack helicopters. Turkey has chosen Bell Helicopters KingCobra as its attack helicopter. The major difference between the USMC version of AH-1Z and the Turkish version KingCobra is the Targeting and Fire Control System. Bell Helicopter Textron has chosen Lockheed Martin to develop and build a new targeting system, the Target Sight System (TSS). The TSS will contain Lockheed Martins 3-5 micrometers midwave staring array FLIR. On the other hand, the Turkish Secretariat for Defense Industries (SSM) has chosen Aselsan ASELFLIR-300T that contains an 8-12 micrometers longwave scanning second-generation FLIR. A comparison of range performance for these two systems has been made using the TAWS Field Performance Model. Since the physical parameters on these specific FLIRs are proprietary, the FLIR92 Simulation Model is used to generate performance parameters. These parameters are expected to represent the general characteristics of the two systems. The resultant data is used in the TAWS Field Performance Model to predict the range performances. The results have showed that the staring array midwave FLIR has longer ranges in the scenarios given in this thesis. This may not represent the real performance of the systems. DTIC Attack Aircraft; Military Helicopters; FLIR Detectors; Fire Control 20010103564 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USA Organizational Climate and Its Relationship With Aviation Maintenance Safety Hernandez, Alison E.; Jun. 2001; 99p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A392098; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A05, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche Naval Aviation is continually looking for ways to reduce its mishap rate. Recognizing a glowing concern for issues related to aging aircraft, focus has expanded to include maintenance operations. It is accepted that human error is a causal factor in at least eighty percent of all mishaps, with maintainer, line, or facility-related factors accounting for one out of five major mishaps. One of several actions taken to reduce the mishap rate is the Maintenance Climate Assessment Survey (MCAS). Created to give Naval Aviation unit commanding officers a sense of the maintenance climate of their unit, the MCAS reveals the maintainers perception of safety climate. Beginning in July 2000, the MCAS administration became available via the Internet. This thesis analyzes the results of the first 2,180 responses recorded via the Internet version of MCAS. Findings include: a) administration of the Internet-based MCAS yields results similar to the paper-and-pencil version; b) differences were detected among the participating units and the Model of Organization Safety Effectiveness components; c) the relationship between MCAS score and Incident Rate, although slightly negative, is indistinguishable from random variation; and d) there was no evidence that demographics bias the results. These findings could be accounted for by the fact that a units safety climate typically improves after a mishap. Requiring all units to complete the survey annually would allow tracking over time to uncover trends. One area for further research is investigating the feasibility of adapting the MCAS to afloat and ashore units. DTIC Aircraft Maintenance; Aircraft Safety; Human Performance 20010103565 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USA Finite Element Modeling of the RAH-66 Comanche Helicopter Tailcone Section Using Patran and Dytran Gorak, Mark S.; Libby, Jeffrey A.; Jun. 2001; 109p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A392096; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A06, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche The USA Army contracted Boeing-Sikorsky to develop the RAH-66 Comanche, a new, armed reconnaissance helicopter that features stealth technology designed to improve survivability when operating in hostile environments. Ballistic testing is required on any new technology, to include the Comanche, prior to fielding. Computer based simulations are being employed to reduce the requirements for expensive live fire testing. This thesis uses computer programs called PATRAN and DYTRAN from MSC 11
Software Corporation to build the model and simulate the effects of an explosive round detonating in the Comanche tailcone section. This thesis describes in great detail the process of creating and modifying the model in PATRAN to most accurately depict the Comanche tailcone section and creating the input decks for DYTRAN to run the analysis. A test case involving an explosion with a high amount of explosive energy, or specific internal energy (SIE) was simulated. From this test, several results are shown to display the capabilities of DYTRAN. These results, when compared with live fire data, can be used to validate the computer-based simulation in order to reduce the requirements of expensive live fire testing. DTIC Finite Element Method; Helicopters; Tail Assemblies; Mathematical Models; Computer Programs 20010103788 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USA Statistical Analysis of Naval Aviation Depot Repair Cycle Time Reduction for the F/A-18 C/D Aircraft Grunzke, Shawn D.; Jun. 2001; 107p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A392071; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A06, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche Reducing U.S. Navy inventory control problems associated with the F/A-18 C/D aircraft is critical to maintaining squadron readiness while minimizing procurement and repair costs. The Navys Inventory Control Point has designed its Carcass Express program to ensure that critically short depot level repairables are serviced more quickly. The program was initiated on the S-3 Viking aircraft in 1999. Subsequently, the number of constrained carcasses was reduced by 40 percent, and the average depot repair cycle time was reduced by 12 days. This thesis attempts to quantify the savings that can be realized by instituting the Carcass Express program for the F/A-18 C/D. Data for F/A-18 C/D repairable items that were identified as having insufficient carcasses for repair to meet current demand levels are analyzed. These repairable items have high dollar values and significant backorders severely impacting squadron readiness. It is shown that the Carcass Express program would provide an additional accrual of inventory over a four-year period for the items studied. The required funding needed to support the deficit between items available from the depot repair cycle and forecast quarterly demands would decrease. The Carcass Express initiative would improve the predictability of the Depot Repair Cycle by reducing repair cycle variability. This ultimately would lead to better inventory management. DTIC Aircraft Maintenance; F-18 Aircraft; Statistical Analysis; Inventories 20010104066 Air Univ., School of Advanced Airpower Studies, Maxwell AFB, AL USA The Air Refueling Receiver That Does Not Complain Stephenson, Jeffrey L.; Jun. 1998; 71p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A391836; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche This study focuses on the development of aerial refueling methods and procedures for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The author begins this work by stating the need for UAVs, lists some assumptions, and then gives a brief background on UAVs. The author then begins a thorough discussion of the three current Air Force UAV Systems (Predator, DarkStar, and Global Hawk) followed by some proposed methods and procedures for rendezvous and aerial refueling of these UAV platforms. The author rounds out his discussion by comparing and analyzing both the current UAV systems and the methods of air refueling. After proposing the UAV system best suited for air refueling, the most effective type of rendezvous for this UAV system, and the best method for controlling the UAV during the air refueling, the author concludes with a brief review of the implications for the Air Force and airpower enthusiasts. DTIC Air to Air Refueling; Pilotless Aircraft 20010104662 Air Univ., School of Advanced Airpower Studies, Maxwell AFB, AL USA Unmanned Aerial Warfare: Strategic Help or Hindrance Woodley, R. R.; Jun. 2000; 149p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A391779; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A07, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche This paper examines whether the US can maintain political and public support for limited military operations conducted by unmanned aerial assets. It finds that historically the American public is motivated to support operations because of passions, traditions and faith. Furthermore, politicians have typically made an effort to unite at the waters edge. These historical guidelines serve as a basis for subsequent analysis. Next, a comparison is made between the manned air strike against Libya in 1986 and the unmanned air strikes against Iraq (1993), and Afghanistan/Sudan (1998). This comparison finds that unmanned assets offered advantages over manned systems. These advantages include the ability to quell concerns over friendly losses and potential POWs, the ability to keep the planning process secure until execution, minimizing negative prehostility press and exploiting the tendency 12
to rally behind the flag, especially since the action is introduced ex post facto. The author then examines a limited war scenario using Operation ALLIED FORCE as a baseline for comparison to a notional war using unmanned assets. It is theorized unmanned assets will present difficulties when used in this type of scenario. They will allow political debate to continue well into the conflict, decreasing the applicability to support our troops in harms way. They also threaten public support by creating unrealistic expectations. Political and public uneasiness will cause increased constraints to be placed on military operations. Finally, questions will arise as to the morality of executing a coercive air strategy based on risk aversion. The main conclusion is that the US should still continue with the development of unmanned assets. DTIC Remotely Piloted Vehicles; Aerial Reconnaissance; Electronic Warfare; Military Technology
20010104668 Wichita State Univ., National Inst. for Aviation Research, Wichita, KS USA Human Factors Survey of Aviation Technical Manuals, Phase 1, Manual Development Procedures Interim Report, 1 Jul. 2000 - 11 Jan. 2001 Chaparro, Alex; Groff, Loren S.; Aug. 2001; 34p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): 00-C-WSU-00-12 Report No.(s): AD-A393591; DOT/FAA/AR-01/43-Phase-1; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche This report contains the results from Phase I of a three phase research effort. Phase 1 examines aviation industry procedures for developing maintenance technical data. Phase 2 will document user problems with maintenance technical data. Phase 3 will identify maintenance technical data development improvements by applying human factors principles. Five aircraft manufacturers were surveyed regarding company policy, communication, data tracking, user feedback, and error reduction efforts. The five industry participants represent both regional and large commercial transport manufacturers. Phase 1 survey results revealed three significant maintenance technical data issues: inconsistent development process guidelines, reactive rather than proactive response to user feedback, and inadequate assessment of errors involving usability as opposed to accuracy. Phase 1 results will later be compared to Phase 2 surveys of user problems with maintenance technical data to identify the impact of development procedures on the users perception of manual quality. DTIC Aircraft Maintenance; Human Factors Engineering; Manuals
07 AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER

Includes prime propulsion systems and systems components, e.g., gas turbine engines and compressors; and onboard auxiliary power plants for aircraft. For related information see also 20 Spacecraft Propulsion and Power, 28 Propellants and Fuels, and 44 Energy Production and Conversion.
20010099683 Army Research Lab., Cleveland, OH USA A Hybrid Neural Network-Genetic Algorithm Technique for Aircraft Engine Performance Diagnostics Kobayashi, Takahisa; Simon, Donald L.; Jul. 2001; 16p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A393234; E-12931; ARL/ADELPHI-TR-1266; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche In this paper, a model-based diagnostic method, which utilizes Neural Networks and Genetic Algorithms, is investigated. Neural networks are applied to estimate the engine internal health, and Genetic Algorithms are applied for sensor bias detection and estimation. This hybrid approach takes advantage of the nonlinear estimation capability provided by neural networks while improving the robustness to measurement uncertainty through the application of Genetic Algorithms. The hybrid diagnostic technique also has the ability to rank multiple potential solutions for a given set of anomalous sensor measurements in order to reduce false alarms and missed detections. The performance of the hybrid diagnostic technique is evaluated through some case studies derived from a turbofan engine simulation. The results show this approach is promising for reliable diagnostics of aircraft engines. DTIC Neural Nets; Aircraft Engines; Diagnosis; Genetic Algorithms 13
09 RESEARCH AND SUPPORT FACILITIES (AIR)

Includes airports, runways, hangars, and aircraft repair and overhaul facilities; wind tunnels, water tunnels, and shock tubes; flight simulators; and aircraft engine test stands. Also includes airport ground equipment and systems. For airport ground operations see 03 Air Transportation and Safety. For astronautical facilities see 14 Ground Support Systems and Facilities (Space).
20010102675 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA USA A Historical Overview of Aeroelasticity Branch and Transonic Dynamics Tunnel Contributions to Rotorcraft Technology and Development Yeager, William T., Jr., Army Research Lab., USA; Kvaternik, Raymond G., NASA Langley Research Center, USA; August 2001; 115p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): RTOP 712-20-21-01 Report No.(s): NASA/TM-2001-211054; ARL-TR-2564; L-17983; NAS 1.15:211054; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A06, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche A historical account of the contributions of the Aeroelasticity Branch (AB) and the Langley Transonic Dynamics Tunnel (TDT) to rotorcraft technology and development since the tunnels inception in 1960 is presented. The paper begins with a summary of the major characteristics of the TDT and a description of the unique capability offered by the TDT for testing aeroelastic models by virtue of its heavy gas test medium. This is followed by some remarks on the role played by scale models in the design and development of rotorcraft vehicles and a review of the basic scaling relationships important for designing and building dynamic aeroelastic models of rotorcraft vehicles for testing in the TDT. Chronological accounts of helicopter and tiltrotor research conducted in AB/TDT are then described in separate sections. Both experimental and analytical studies are reported and include a description of the various physical and mathematical models employed, the specific objectives of the investigations, and illustrative experimental and analytical results. Author Histories; Transonic Wind Tunnels; Rotary Wing Aircraft; Aeroelasticity; Wind Tunnel Models; Research Facilities; Test Facilities
20010103070 Air Univ., School of Advanced Airpower Studies, Maxwell AFB, AL USA Building the Eagles Nest: Challenges in Basing the Air Expeditionary Force Smith, Patrick J.; Jun. 1997; 62p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A391839; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche The Air Expeditionary Force (AEF) is the centerpiece of the Air Forces strategic vision for the 21st century, called Global Engagement. While this vision calls for an improved expeditionary capability, the Air Force has found combat support at deployed locations difficult to execute. This paper examines the best means of improving the AEF s responsiveness by addressing the question: Whether the basing of expeditionary forces should be a sequential or parallel process? The problems of basing expeditionary air forces during a crisis illustrate how our doctrine relies upon a fundamental assumption that the Air Force s experience largely contradicts. Current doctrine holds that the service should maintain a mobile combat support capability, organized along functional lines, to rapidly respond worldwide. Moreover, these support units should precede aircraft to a base and prepare for follow-on forces by establishing living and working facilities to sustain operations. Although sending support units before operational ones may be the best way to employ, doctrine needs to prepare support forces for deployment to locations where people and planes are already in place. For the Air Expeditionary Force to respond rapidly, the fundamental assumption about the process of projecting air power should be that it occurs concurrently, not sequentially. The implications of changing this assumption are that the service should develop cross-functional units, that all personnel have more training in beddown skills, and a portion of Air Force fighters have a vertical take-off and landing capability. DTIC Combat; Military Aircraft; Air Defense; Support Systems 14
12 ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
Includes general research topics related to space flight and manned and unmanned space vehicles, platforms or objects launched into, or assembled in, outer space; and related components and equipment. Also includes manufacturing and maintenance of such vehicles or platforms. For specific topics in astronautics see categories 13 through 20. For extraterrestrial exploration, see 91 Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration.
20010102927 Naval War Coll., Newport, RI USA Information Weaponization of Space Final Report Shumate, James R.; May 18, 2001; 19p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A393531; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche While not a part of the operational factor trinity, information increasingly and profoundly affects the factors of space, time, and force, both individually and in combination. Space has become perhaps the key enabler for operational information for both the USA and its potential enemies. While defense of our capabilities in space is a well-understood and accepted course of action, the offensive use of space is still hotly debated as a part of U.S. space policy. This paper discusses offensive counterspace operations and specifically how information weaponization of space will allow the operational planner to obtain information superiority in the battlespace. Information weaponization can accomplish the task, and consequently it provides a capability to attack and degrade or deny an enemys picture of the battlespace. DTIC Space Law; Images; Aerospace Sciences
20010103260 Air Univ., Maxwell AFB, AL USA Securing the Heavens: A Perspective on Space Control Wilson, Ed; Jun. 1999; 118p; In English; Original contains color plates Report No.(s): AD-A391761; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A06, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche This study analyzes various ways in which the USA might best gain and maintain control of outer space. Ultimately, a strategic framework is proposed that offers improved awareness regarding the constraints, strengths, weaknesses, synergies and implications of candidate space control strategies. It accomplishes this by reviewing the milestone events associated with the last forty-plus years of space control history, assessing current trends and their inherent dilemmas, as well as cataloging the various means or methods of achieving space control. With these insights, a strategic framework is described that allows the strategist to better develop space control strategies at any level strategic, operational or tactical. The topic is timely given the nations mandate to the US military to guarantee the ability to gain and maintain control of space in order to better shape the strategic environment and respond to any form of conflict. This mandate is especially challenging since the task holding the high ground of space must be accomplished without the benefit of weapons operating in the contested medium space. Clearly, this is counter to the traditional manner by which militaries typically prepare, deploy and employ force to achieve superiority in a given medium of war. Given this dichotomy the recognized importance of space in the current strategic environment with the limitations of a non-weaponized medium the study is clearly relevant to the ongoing space control debate. DTIC Military Operations; Weapon Systems; Space Missions; Manned Spacecraft; Air Defense
20010103856 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA Did We Really Land on the Moon? Suggestions for Science Teachers Lowman, Paul D., Jr., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; [2001]; 12p; In English; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche On Feb. 15, 2001, the FOX network broadcast a one hour TV program claiming that the Apollo lunar landings had all been staged in a studio set in Nevada, and that astronauts had never landed on the Moon. This claim can be refuted on many points, focused on the supposed photographic evidence indicating studio lighting or other aspects of the Apollo missions. The TV program ignored the returned lunar samples. Science teachers have been swamped with questions about the program, and this paper has been written to suggest how they can use it to stimulate interest in lunar geology. The article shows how the NASA Lunar Disk kits, available on loan to schools, can be studied by students. These samples are visibly different from terrestrial soils and rocks in several ways. There is no quartz in the lunar soil; there are no true reds and browns resulting from ferric oxides; and the 15
textures of the soil (agglutinates and glass beads) can only be formed on an airless planet. The article has several pictures of the lunar surface and the Apollo samples, and a short bibliography for background reading. Author Instructors; Lunar Landing; Schools; Students; Broadcasting; Apollo Project; Lunar Exploration
13 ASTRODYNAMICS
Includes powered and freeflight trajectories; and orbital and launching dynamics.
20010099429 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA Integration of Libration Point Orbit Dynamics into a Universal 3-D Autonomous Formation Flying Algorithm Folta, David, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; [2001]; 5p; In English; AIAA Flight Dynamics Specialist Conference, 30 Jul. - 2 Aug. 2001, Unknown; Sponsored by American Inst. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, USA; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche The autonomous formation flying control algorithm developed by the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) for the New Millennium Program (NMP) Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) mission is investigated for applicability to libration point orbit formations. In the EO-1 formation-flying algorithm, control is accomplished via linearization about a reference transfer orbit with a state transition matrix (STM) computed from state inputs. The effect of libration point orbit dynamics on this algorithm architecture is explored via computation of STMs using the flight proven code, a monodromy matrix developed from a N-body model of a libration orbit, and a standard STM developed from the gravitational and coriolis effects as measured at the libration point. A comparison of formation flying Delta-Vs calculated from these methods is made to a standard linear quadratic regulator (LQR) method. The universal 3-D approach is optimal in the sense that it can be accommodated as an open-loop or closed-loop control using only state information. Author Automatic Control; Autonomy; Feedback Control; Gravitational Effects; Algorithms; Earth Observing System (EOS) 20010103212 Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge, LA USA Aircraft Operations Classification System Harlow, Charles, Louisiana State Univ., USA; Zhu, Weihong, Louisiana State Univ., USA; Journal of Air Transportation World Wide; 2001; ISSN 1093-8826; Volume 6, No. 2, pp. 47-64; In English; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity Accurate data is important in the aviation planning process. In this project we consider systems for measuring aircraft activity at airports. This would include determining the type of aircraft such as jet, helicopter, single engine, and multiengine propeller. Some of the issues involved in deploying technologies for monitoring aircraft operations are cost, reliability, and accuracy. In addition, the system must be field portable and acceptable at airports. A comparison of technologies was conducted and it was decided that an aircraft monitoring system should be based upon acoustic technology. A multimedia relational database was established for the study. The information contained in the database consists of airport information, runway information, acoustic records, photographic records, a description of the event (takeoff, landing), aircraft type, and environmental information. We extracted features from the time signal and the frequency content of the signal. A multi-layer feed-forward neural network was chosen as the classifier. Training and testing results were obtained. We were able to obtain classification results of over 90 percent for training and testing for takeoff events. Author Flight Operations; Relational Data Bases; Classifications; Classifiers; Acoustic Measurement
14 GROUND SUPPORT SYSTEMS AND FACILITIES (SPACE)

Includes launch complexes, research and production facilities; ground support equipment, e.g., mobile transporters; and test chambers and simulators. Also includes extraterrestrial bases and supporting equipment. For related information see also 09 Research and Support Facilities (Air).
20010103562 Range Commanders Council, Range Safety Group, White Sands Missile Range, NM USA Global Positioning and Inertial Measurements Range Safety Tracking Systems Commonality Standard 16
Jun. 2001; 191p; In English; Original contains color plates Report No.(s): AD-A392112; RCC/RSG-324-01; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A09, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche This document has been prepared in an effort to establish a set of common performance and verification requirements for airborne Range Tracking Systems (RTS) including inertial Measurements Units (IMU) and Global Positioning Systems, (GPS). These performance and verification requirements assist Range Safety personnel, RTS vendors/manufacturers, and vehicle integrators in identifying specific RTS Range Safety requirements. This document may be applied to wide variety of vehicles, from spacelift to air-to-air missiles, to Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAVs). Proper tailoring of this document may also allow programs to be tested at multiple Ranges. For purposes of this document, an RTS includes all systems, subsystems, and components necessary to provide adequate vehicle state-vectors and other data required for Range Safety decision-making. DTIC Global Positioning System; Range Safety; Tracking (Position); Positioning; Inertial Platforms
18 SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE

Includes satellites; space platforms; space stations; spacecraft systems and components such as thermal and environmental controls; and spacecraft control and stability characteristics. For life support systems, see 54 Man/System Technology and Life Support. For related information, see also 05 Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance, 39 Structural Mechanics, and 16 Space Transportation and Safety.
20010103567 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USA Angular Rate Estimation for Multi-Body Spacecraft Attitude Control Palermo, William J.; Jun. 2001; 131p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A392077; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A07, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche Spacecraft with high performance attitude control systems requirements have traditionally relied on imperfect mechanical gyroscopes for primary attitude determination. Gyro bias errors are corrected with a Kalman filter algorithm that uses updates from precise attitude sensors like star trackers. Gyroscopes, however, have a tendency to degrade or fail on orbit, becoming a life limiting factor for many satellites. When errors become erratic, pointing accuracy may be lost during short star gaps. Unpredictable gyro degradations have impacted NASA spacecraft missions such as Skylab and Hubble Space Telescope as well as several DoD and ESA satellites. An alternative source of angular rate information is a software implemented real time dynamic model. Inputs to the model from internal sensors and known spacecraft parameters enable the tracking of total system angular momentum from which body rates can be determined. With this technique, the Kalman filter algorithm provides error corrections to the dynamic model. The accuracy of internal sensors and input parameters determine the effectiveness of this angular rate estimation technique. This thesis presents the background for understanding and implementation of this technique into a representative attitude determination system. The system is incorporated into an attitude simulation model developed in SIMULINK to evaluate the effects of dynamic modeling errors and sensor inaccuracies. Results are presented that indicate that real time dynamic modeling is an effective method of angular rate determination for maneuvering multi-body spacecraft attitude control systems. DTIC Satellite Attitude Control; Gyroscopes; Real Time Operation; Angular Momentum; Kalman Filters; Spacecraft Control; Angular Velocity; Spacecraft Tracking
20 SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER

Includes main propulsion systems and components, e.g., rocket engines; and spacecraft auxiliary power sources. For related information, see also 07 Aircraft Propulsion and Power; 28 Propellants and Fuels; 15 Launch Vehicles and Launch Operations; and 44 Energy Production and Conversion.
20010099212 Nauchno-Proizvodstvennoe Obedinenie Energija, Kaliningrad, USSR Development of the Small SPT Demo Model Final Report Arkhipov, Boris; Mar. 16, 2001; 16p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A393017; EOARD-ISTC-99-7004; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche 17
This report results from a contract tasking EDB Fakel. as follows: Technical proposal/description of work to achieve the objective of work according to the project it is necessary to solve the following tasks: -To develop, manufacture and test the laboratory model of small SPT with thrust efficiency is greater than 0.2 under specific impulses (800-1000s) and power consumption 100 W. Emphasis will be placed upon maximizing thrust at 100W instead of specific impulse. DTIC Specific Impulse; Plasma Engines; Thrust 20010099218 Deutsche Forschungsanstalt fuer Luft- und Raumfahrt, Stuttgart, Germany US German Lightcraft Impulse Measurements Final Report Bonn, Willy; Jul. 16, 2001; 40p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F61775-00-W-E033 Report No.(s): AD-A393154; SPC-00-4033; No Copyright; Avail: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) This report results from a contract tasking German Aerospace Center as follows: the contractor will conduct the research in 3 phases. In the first phase, the contractor will write a test report for all of the experiments planned at his facility. In the second phase, he will measure the impulse coupling coefficient of a US supplied lightcraft on the DLR test stand for various laser pulse energies and will write a report discussing the results. In the last phase, the contractor will measure the impulse coupling coefficient of German lightcraft with US supplied Pendulum stand and with the German laser. A comparison and interpretation of the results with respect to the method of measurement and performance predictions of scaled lightcraft versions will be conducted and included in the final report. DTIC Thrustors; Spacecraft Propulsion; Spacecraft Components; Pulsed Lasers; Impulses; Rocket Engines; Coupling Coefficients 20010102648 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA MEMS-Based Satellite Micropropulsion Via Catalyzed Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition Hitt, Darren L., Vermont Univ., USA; Zakrzwski, Charles M., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Thomas, Michael A., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; [2001]; 41p; In English; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) techniques offer great potential in satisfying the mission requirements for the next generation of micro-scale satellites being designed by NASA and Department of Defense agencies. More commonly referred to as nanosats, these miniature satellites feature masses in the range of 10-100 kg and therefore have unique propulsion requirements. The propulsion systems must be capable of providing extremely low levels of thrust and impulse while also satisfying stringent demands on size, mass, power consumption and cost. We begin with an overview of micropropulsion requirements and some current MEMS-based strategies being developed to meet these needs. The remainder of the article focuses the progress being made at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center towards the development of a prototype monopropellant MEMS thruster which uses the catalyzed chemical decomposition of high concentration hydrogen peroxide as a propulsion mechanism. The products of decomposition are delivered to a micro-scale converging/diverging supersonic nozzle which produces the thrust vector; the targeted thrust level approximately 500 N with a specific impulse of 140-180 seconds. Macro-scale hydrogen peroxide thrusters have been used for satellite propulsion for decades; however, the implementation of traditional thruster designs on a MEMS scale has uncovered new challenges in fabrication, materials compatibility, and combustion and hydrodynamic modeling. A summary of the achievements of the project to date is given, as is a discussion of remaining challenges and future prospects. Author Microelectromechanical Systems; Miniaturization; Artificial Satellites; Propulsion System Configurations; Spacecraft Propulsion; Monopropellants; Decomposition; Catalysis; Hydrogen Peroxide; Microthrust; Supersonic Nozzles
23 CHEMISTRY AND MATERIALS (GENERAL)

Includes general research topics related to the composition, properties, structure, and use of chemical compounds and materials as they relate to aircraft, launch vehicles, and spacecraft. For specific topics in chemistry and materials see categories 24 through 29. For astrochemistry see category 90 Astrophysics.
20010099687 Ohio State Univ., Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, Columbus, OH USA Corrosion and Coatings Research Facility (A Request for Instrumentation) Final Report, 1 Mar. - 1 Nov. 2000 Buchheit, R. G.; Frankel, G. S.; McCreery, R. L.; Jun. 2001; 6p; In English 18
Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-00-1-0274 Report No.(s): AD-A391905; AFRL-SR-BL-TR-01-0391; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche This document reports on the final disposition of a $220,000 project supported by AFOSR for instrumentation to construct an interfacial chemistry and electrochemistry facility residing in the Department of Chemistry and the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at Ohio State University under project no. F49620-00-1-0274. This grant was awarded in March, 2000. A matching amount equal to $220,000 was made by the Ohio Board of Regents, the Colleges of engineering, and Math and Physical Sciences, as well as the Departments of Materials Science and Engineering and Chemistry to bring the total award to $440,000. Funds were fully expended by November, 2000 on the following instrumentation: Phase identification and imaging system, Process Raman spectrometer, High performance potentiostat, Nd:YAG CW laser, Scanning probe microscope station, Precision surface preparation tool, Slow strain rate test system, Rotating ring disk electrode electrochemical detection system. All of this equipment is now in place and operational and is being used in support of several AFOSR-sponsored research programs. DTIC Corrosion; Coatings; Laser Applications 20010099943 Maryland Univ., Center for Environmental and Estuarine Studies, Cambridge, MD USA Results of Simbios Project Round Robin: Part 1, Results of Laboratory-Prepared Standards and Samples Final Report, Dec. 1999-Aug. 2001 Heukelem, Laurie Van; Thomas, Crystal S.; Glibert, Patricia M.; Aug. 2001; 125p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N000014-00-1-0151 Report No.(s): AD-A393766; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A06, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche Several laboratories, including but not limited to SIMBIOS and HyCODE investigators, participated in an inter-calibration for HPLC and fluorometer conducted by Horn Point Laboratory of the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. The goal of this exercise was to investigate causes of discrepancy between HPLC and fluorometer chlorophyll a values. This exercise was conducted in two phases: analysis of laboratory-prepared standards and samples (presented in Pant I) and analysis of field-collected natural samples (presented in Part II). It was found that when methods and instrumentation were not limiting, good reproducibility among laboratories was attained. HPLC values were typically 7-10% lower than fluorometer values. When all analyses were performed at one laboratory with one extraction procedure, results agreed within 19%. When laboratories, extraction procedures and analytical methods varied, results agreed within 60%. Factors that affected discrepancy included: varying extraction procedures between HPLC and fluorometer, inaccurately determining extraction volume, inconsistent HPLC chlorophyll a reporting practices and inaccurate analytical methods. DTIC Fluorescence; Liquid Chromatography; Chlorophylls; Intercalibration 20010101091 National Inst. of Standards and Technology, Building and Fire Research Lab., Gaithersburg, MD USA Effect of Bulk Lubricant Concentration on the Excess Surface Density During R123 Pool Boiling Kedzierski, M. A.; Jul. 20, 2001; 50p; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): PB2001-106310; NISTIR-6754; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche This paper investigates the effect that bulk lubricant concentration has on the non-adiabatic lubricant excess surface density on a roughened, horizontal flat pool-boiling surface. Both pool boiling heat transfer data and lubricant excess surface density data are given for pure R123 and three different mixtures of R123 and a naphthenic mineral oil. A spectrofluorometer was used to measure the lubricant excess density that was established by the boiling of a R123/lubricant mixture on a test surface. The fluorescent technique was used to measure the effect of bulk lubricant concentration on the lubricant excess layer during refrigerant/lubricant mixture boiling. The lubricant is preferentially drawn out the bulk refrigerant/lubricant mixture by the boiling process and accumulates on the surface in excess of the bulk concentration. The excess lubricant resides in a very thin layer on the surface and influences the boiling performance. NTIS Lubricants; Flat Surfaces; Heat Transfer; Fluorescence 20010101179 Army Armament Research, Development and Engineering Center, Benet Labs., Watervliet, NY USA High-Rate Sputter-Deposited Tantalum Coatings on a Steel Liner for Wear and Erosion Mitigation Final Report Lee, S. L.; Cox, J.; Windover, D.; Audino, M.; Matson, D. W.; Aug. 2001; 29p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A393621; ARCCB-TR-01017; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche A prototype, rifled steel liner of 20-min inside diameter was coated with -50 to 125 micrometer tantalum at -22.6 micrometer/hour in krypton gas using a triode-sputter system. It was test fired with l5OO rounds for the mitigation of 19
high-temperature and pressure wear and erosion. Growth surface analysis showed predominately alpha-phase and minimal beta-phase surface tantalum. Area detector images showed near random, slight preferred (211) crystalline orientation. X-ray diffraction revealed a thin layer of surface zinc oxide and copper firing debris on the coating surface. Compressive surface residual stress peaked near the center of the tube. Photomicrograph metallurgical examination showed general good adhesion in major parts of the bulk coatings, along with a thin layer of beta-phase nucleation, and alpha-phase or mixed alpha- and beta-phase grain growth. There was excellent behavior in soft and ductile a-tantalum areas, but cracking and disbonding occurred in beta-tantalum areas. Coating liftoff and coating loss occurred most frequently in land/groove transition and land areas, less in groove areas. Near the breech end where no coating was sputtered, the steel substrate suffered extensive cracking and environmentally-assisted heat damages. DTIC Steels; Erosion; Tantalum; Sputtering 20010102909 California Univ., Lawrence Berkeley Lab., Berkeley, CA USA Synthesis and structure of bivalent ytterbocenes and their coordination chemistry with pi-acceptor ligands Schultz, M.; May 10, 2000; 229p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-764392; LBNL-45780; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche The bivalent lanthanide metallocenes (1,3-(Me3(sub)C)2 (sub)C5(sub)H3(sub))2(sub)Yb and (Me4(sub)C5(sub)H)2(sub)Yb have been synthesized and their structures have been determined by X-ray crystallography. NTIS Crystallography; Ligands; Synthesis (Chemistry); Ytterbium Compounds 20010105087 Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN USA Reactions of Metal Ions and Their Clusters in the GaN Phase Using Laser Ionization-Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry Freiser, B. S.; Mar. 31, 1999; 7p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-760848; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge The Freiser group pioneered the study of metal/organic and organometallic ion chemistry in the gas phase. As they frequently pointed out, the importance of this work was not restricted to mass spectrometry, but lay in the insights it provides into chemistry in other environments. A lasting monument to that work is the body of knowledge that now exists on the activation of C-H and C-C bonds by metal ions. NTIS Organometallic Compounds; Metal Ions; Mass Spectroscopy; Ionic Reactions; Ionization 20010105260 Oak Ridge National Lab., TN USA Partitioning of Acetate, Formate and Phosphates Around the Water/Steam Cycle Guszkiewicz, M. S.; Joyce, D. B.; Marshall, S. L.; Palmer, D. A.; Simonson, J. M.; Jun. 27, 2000; 25p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-771415; P00-107492; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche Volatilities of formic acid, acetic acid, sodium acetate, phosphoric acid, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, and sodium monohydrogen phosphate have been measured at temperatures up to 350 C using a corrosion-resistant static cell with sampling of both phases. Thermodynamic liquid-vapor partitioning constants were evaluated as functions of temperature and water density using available information on the activity coefficients and association behavior. The results show that at very low concentrations the salts are much less volatile than the acids, but as the sodium concentration and pH increase, their contributions may be significant. The software used to predict compositions around the steam cycle was revised and extended to 19 species in the liquid phase and 19 species in the vapor phase. Example calculations using the cycle chemistry program will be discussed. For boilers operated at 350 C, the mechanical carry-over is likely to be the main source of phosphates in the steam. The concentrations of phosphoric acid and sodium phosphates in the liquid phase, which are relevant to the phosphate hide-out phenomenon, can be calculated as a function of pH. NTIS Vapor Phases; Phosphates; Formates; Liquid Phases 20010105264 Oak Ridge National Lab., TN USA Phase Behavior of Blends of Linear and Branched Polyethylenes via Small- and Ultra-Small Angle Neutron Scattering Agamalian, M. M.; Alamo, R. G.; Londono, J. D.; Mandelkern, L.; Stehling, F. C.; May 17, 1999; 2p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-771408; P00-106708; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche 20
It is well established that small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) can be used to determine the melt compatibility of mixtures of linear and branched polyolefins, including high density (HD), low density (LD) and linear low density (LLD) polyethylenes. HDPE is the most crystalline form of polyethylene (PE) because the chains contain ver little branching. LDPE contains some short chain branches (1-3 per 100 backbone carbon atoms), as well as long chain branches (0.1-0.3 per 100 backbone carbon atoms). Linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) is produced by co-polymerizing ethylene with an alpha-olefin such as hexene and can have a wide range of branch contents, depending on the catalyst and concentration of added comonomer. NTIS Neutrons; Compatibility; Neutron Scattering; Polyethylenes
24 COMPOSITE MATERIALS
Includes physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of laminates and other composite materials.
20010099939 Florida State Univ., Tallahassee, FL USA Effect Processing on the Evolution of Interfaces Metal Matrix Composites Final Report, 1 Jun 1996-31 May 1998 Chandra, Namas; May 2000; 167p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-96-1-0256 Report No.(s): AD-A393690; AFRL-SR-BL-TR-01-0460; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A08, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche The issues in this research focused on the understanding the chemical evolution (diffusional) process at the interface, developing a mechanistic model or an interface based on stress or energy failure criterion, and studying the effect of interface properties on the performance of the composites. The approach involved both experimental and computational components, a link between the evolution of chemistry and geometry of the reaction zone and the interfacial properties. Microstructural studies reveal that reaction growth is due to transformation of both coating and the matrix. Push-out tests conducted on heat treated specimens reveal that the effect of thermal exposure on interfacial properties is predominantly due to exposure temperature. Time of exposure is found to have only a secondary effect. The push out data was used indirectly to evaluate both strength and toughness properties of the interfaces. The local shear strength of Ti-6A14V/SCS-6 interfaces was found to be of the order og 450 Mpa, in comparison with much lower (120 Mpa) average shear strength reported elsewhere. Also a fracture toughness of 50 Mpa m 1/2 was found in this research . Also the fracture toughness values remain more or less constant for normal use temperatures in the range of 450 to 700 deg C. DTIC Microstructure; Composite Materials; Metal Matrix Composites; Evolution; Diffusion 20010100249 Materials Research Society, Warrendale, PA USA Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings Volume 653. Multiscale Modeling of Materials - 2000. Symposium Held in Boston, Massachusetts on November 27-December 1, 2000 Kubin, Ladislas P.; Selinger, Robin L.; Bassani, John L.; Kyeongjae, Cho; Dec. 01, 2000; 259p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAD19-01-1-0005 Report No.(s): AD-A392308; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A12, Hardcopy; A03, Microfiche Multiscale simulation and modeling of materials phenomena have received much attention in many engineering and scientific disciplines including mechanics physics and materials sciences, with far reaching applications to electronic materials, polymers and biochemical systems. With rapid advances in computing power and multiscale simulation techniques, the hope of modeling material behavior beginning with atomistic simulation and reaching macroscopic phenomena is becoming a realistic goal. This volume contains papers presented at Symposium Z, Multiscale Materials Modeling, at the 2000 MRS Fall Meeting in Boston, Massachusetts. This symposium brought scientists from various disciplines together to discuss the state-of-the-art methodologies for linking different length and time scales, and for understanding and predicting the behavior of complex materials systems. The symposium was organized around several major themes representing current challenges in multiscale simulation and modeling: length-scale and time-scale problems, applications to microstructure evolution, plastic deformation and fracture, multiscale modeling schemes, length scales and size effects. We hope that this volume will serve as a useful tool for the reader interested in these recent achievements. DTIC Conferences; Computerized Simulation; Composite Materials; Mathematical Models; Complex Systems 21
20010100494 Auburn Univ., Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, AL USA Crack Tip Field Mapping and Failure Characterization of Functionally Graded Composites Final Report, 1 Mar. 1997-28 Feb. 2001 Tippur, Hareesh V., Auburn Univ., USA; April 2001; 33p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAG55-97-0110 Report No.(s): AD-A389160; ARO-34908.9-EG; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Crack tip deformations and fracture parameters in functionally graded glass-filled epoxy beams are experimentally evaluated under static and dynamic loading conditions. Beams with unidirectional, monotonic elastic gradients and cracks along the gradient are examined. SEN samples with increasing or decreasing Youngs modulus ahead of the crack tip are studied in symmetric four-point bending and one-point impact loading configurations. Optical method of Coherent Gradient Sensing (CGS) is used to measure crack tip deformations prior to crack initiation. For impact loading experiments, CGS is used in conjunction with high-speed photography for recording instantaneous deformation fields. Stress intensity factors (SIF) or SIF-histories in functionally graded materials (FGM) based on locally homogeneous material descriptions in the immediate crack tip vicinity are evaluated and compared with companion finite element simulations. The influence of elastic gradients in FGM samples with cracks on the compliant and stiff sides of the beam are quantified relative to their homogeneous counterparts and with each other. Under static loading conditions, the crack tip located on the compliant side of the beam is elastically shielded when compared to the situation when the crack is on the stiffer side of the same FGM beam. Under dynamic conditions, however, elastic gradients affect crack initiation differently. Crack initiation in an FGM with a crack on the stiff side of the beam and impact occurring on the compliant edge is delayed when compared to the opposite configuration. Independent finite element simulations of FGMs with idealized elastic gradients with identical crack tip elastic properties suggest that lower crack tip loading rate in the former is responsible for the differences. DTIC Crack Tips; Fracturing; Epoxy Matrix Composites; Static Loads; Plastic Deformation; Pressure Gradients; Beams (Supports); Elastic Properties; Dynamic Loads 20010102755 Georgia Inst. of Tech., School of Aerospace Engineering, Atlanta, GA USA A Synergistic Damage Mechanics Approach to Durability of Composite Structures Final Report, 1 Jun 1997-31 May 2001 Talreja, Ramesh, Georgia Inst. of Tech., USA; Jul. 30, 2001; 24p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAG55-97-1-0313 Report No.(s): AD-A393763; ARO-36349.1-EG; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche This final progress report summarizes the accomplishments of the three tasks conducted during the contract period. Task I dealt with mechanisms of damage under static and fatigue loading of composite laminates and laid the physical basis for the modeling efforts that followed in Task 2 and Task 3. Task 2 focused on the formulation of stiffness-damage relationships and provided a procedure for assessment of material coefficients experimentally as well as by computational simulation. Finally, Task 3 treated evolution of damage. A model was developed that predicted the increase of transverse crack density with cycles of a constant amplitude. The overall outcome of the project was a methodology for durability assessment of composite materials, in accordance with the goals and objectives set in the proposal. DTIC Composite Structures; Durability; Laminates; Damage; Fatigue (Materials) 20010102915 Raytheon Information Technology and Scientific Services, Edwards AFB, CA USA Materials for High Temperature Applications Final Report, 1 Nov. 1993 - 4 Dec. 1997 Upsadhya, Kameleshwar; Jun. 2001; 8p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F04611-93-C-0005; AF Proj. 3058 Report No.(s): AD-A393645; AFRL-PR-ED-TR-2001-0022; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Investigation of the processing of a variety of high temperature materials was accomplished. Nanocrystalline silicon nitride powders were synthesized and hot isostatic pressed to produce material at 97% theoretical density after sintering. DTIC Refractory Materials; Carbon-Carbon Composites; Sintering; Hot Isostatic Pressing; Nanocrystals 20010105254 Oak Ridge National Lab., TN USA Damage Behavior of Aligned and Random Fiber Reinforced Composites for Automotive Applications Lee, H. K.; Simunovic, S.; Sep. 27, 1999; 11p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-771581; P99-105402; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge 22
Damage constitutive models based on micromechanical formulation and combination of microchemical and macromechanical effects are presented to predict progressive damage in aligned and random fiber reinforced composites. To estimate the overall elastoplastic damage responses, an effective yield criterion is derived based on the ensemble-volume averaging process and the first-order effects of eigen strains due to the existence of discontinuous fibers. Progressive interfacial fiber debonding models are subsequently considered in accordance with a statistical function to describe the varying probability of fiber debonding. First, an effective elastoplastic constitutive damage model for aligned fiber reinforced composites is proposed. A micromechanical damage constitutive model for two- and three-dimensional random fiber reinforced composites is then developed. Finally, the complete progressive damage constitutive model is implemented into finite element code DYNA3D to simulate the dynamic inelastic behavior and the progressive damage of the composite structures. This allows prediction of the mechanical response of large composite structures and eliminate the need for expensive large-scale experiments. The computational capability also plays a significant role in the optimizing the design of complex mechanical systems composed of composite materials. NTIS Fiber Composites; Micromechanics; Mathematical Models; Finite Element Method; Damage; Composite Structures; Automobiles; Fiber Orientation
25 INORGANIC, ORGANIC AND PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

Includes the analysis, synthesis, and use inorganic and organic compounds; combustion theory; electrochemistry; and photochemistry. For related information see also 34 Fluid Dynamics and Thermodynamics, For astrochemistry see category 90 Astrophysics.
20010099500 California Univ., San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA Spatiotemporal Dynamics in Heterogeneous Catalysis Final Report, 1 Ju 1997-31 May 2001 Surko, Clifford M.; Jul. 03, 2001; 7p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-97-1-0771 Report No.(s): AD-A392384; UCSD-FIN-1; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche This project studied the heterogeneous catalytic reaction of carbon monoxide and oxygen on the surface of thin platinum metal films to form carbon dioxide. Infrared imaging was used to study both the spatial and temporal behavior of the reaction. The mechanisms of spatial coupling in this system were studied as well as their effect on the resulting pattern formation. A complementary study was conducted to examine the effect of local perturbations in initiating catalytic behavior. An important conclusion of the work is that, while none of the currently proposed models completely describes the oscillatory catalytic behavior observed in this system, the oxidation-reduction model agrees best with the experimental results. DTIC Carbon Monoxide; Catalysis; Metal Films; Thin Films; Chemical Reactions; Platinum; Oxygen; Infrared Imagery 20010099685 Kyushu Univ., Faculty of Engineering, Fukuoka, Japan PI Parameter Tuning by Specifying Disturbance Response in Chemical Process Control Nunokawa, Satoru, Kyushu Univ., Japan; Matsuyama, Hisayoshi, Kyushu Univ., Japan; Technology Reports of Kyushu University; July 2001; ISSN 0023-2718; Volume 74, No. 4, pp. 291-298; In Japanese; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity This paper presents a method of PI (Proportional-Integral) control parameter tuning based on the estimated maximum step disturbance and the allowable peak value of the controlled variable. Its effectiveness and limitations are demonstrated by the simulation studies. This method is very useful to time control parameters for chemical processes where limitations on loss prevention and on quality control are given as peak values of controlled variables. Author Parameter Identification; Proportional Control; Computerized Simulation 20010100117 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USA Modeling of Shipboard Smoke Propagation with a Forced Counter-Flow Air Supply Farman, Garrett J.; Jun. 2001; 110p; In English; Original contains color plates Report No.(s): AD-A393671; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A06, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche The propagation of fire-generated smoke with a counter-flow air supply in, a horizontal arrangement of shipboard compartments and passageways was modeled using a computational fluid dynamics program generated by Computational Fluid 23
Dynamics Research Corporation. This study was based on a large-scale live fire experiment performed by Naval Research Laboratory on the ex-USS SHADWELL. All simulations were evaluated at steady state conditions. A constant velocity counter-flow air supply was introduced into the model structure. The counter-flow air velocities used were 0.5, 1, and 2 m/s. This study used a computational fluid dynamics combustion module to simulate a 620 kW fire generated by the complete combustion of propane gas from a burn pan in the space.: Carbon dioxide from the fire was tracked throughout the structure to model smoke propagation. Seven simulations were performed with adiabatic and isothermal bulkhead, deck and overhead boundary conditions. Simulation smoke propagation results were consistent with experimental observations. Figures depicting temperature distribution, carbon dioxide distribution and mixture flow patterns at specified locations are provided in the report The goal of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of computational fluid dynamics modeling of smoke propagation in a shipboard space with a counter-flow air supply. DTIC Propagation; Smoke; Flow Distribution; Flow Velocity 20010100121 Pittsburgh Univ., Dept. of Chemistry, Pittsburgh, PA USA Study of Polydispersity of Grafted Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Surfaces Using Single Molecule Atomic Force Microscopy Al-Mawaali, S.; Bemis, J.; Walker, G. C.; Jan. 2000; 3p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-96-0735 Report No.(s): AD-A393686; ONR-00-1; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Single molecule atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to study the statistical distribution of contour lengths (polydispersity) of polymer chains grafted to a surface. A poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) monolayer was grafted on a flat silicon substrate by covalently bonding CL-terminated PDMS to an OH-silicon surface and characterized using contact angle measurements and ellipsometry, and single molecule AFM. A model for the single chain dynamics is presented. The statistical distributions of the polymer contour lengths were found to depend on concentration of the PDMS polymer used in the grafting solutions. DTIC Molecules; Polymers; Atomic Force Microscopy; Ellipsometry 20010100452 Pennsylvania Univ., Medical Image Processing Group, Philadelphia, PA USA In-Situ Toughened alpha-SiALON Final Report, 15 Nov. 1997-14 Nov. 2000 Chen, I. W.; Jul. 2001; 6p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-98-1-0126; AF Proj. 2306 Report No.(s): AD-A393842; AFRL-SR-BL-TR-01-0455; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche The grant was initiated on November 15, 1997. We have explored the compositions at which in-situ toughened alpha-SiAlON can be obtained. This essentially encompasses the entire single a-phase region. It includes both rare-earth ion-added composition and alkali-earth ion-added compositions. We have made a systematic effort to obtain kinetic data on phase transformation at different compositions, since this knowledge is critically important for the precise control of nucleation and growth which dictate the microstructure. We have developed methods for controlling microstructure in alpha-SiAlON prepared from commercial a-Si3N4 powders. These materials have faster transformation rate and the microstructure control must rely on nucleation treatment of external seeding. We have developed the method to grow and harvest seed crystals, of a controlled composition, size and morphology, which can be used to nucleate a-SiAlON grains in the ceramic to allow tailored grain growth. We have developed a theory for grain growth, based on the recent observations of the morphology of isolated grains from the oxynitride liquid. This model successfully predicted the novel shape transition observed experimentally. We have developed a theory to describe the chemical potential of anisotropic grains under equilibrium and non-equilibrium conditions. This model is applicable for both silicon nitride and silicon carbide. We have developed a wet chemical technique for etching the highly stable alpha-SiAlON, which until now has proved difficult for ceramographic preparation. We have shown that the mechanical strength of alpha-SiAlON can exceed 1 GPa and the strength retention is good at least up to 1 350 deg C. DTIC Ceramics; Ceramic Matrix Composites; Microstructure; Phase Transformations; Toughness; Sialon 20010100503 Nebraska Univ., Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Lincoln, NE USA Real Time Optical Monitoring of III-V Semiconductor Wet Chemical Etching Final Report, 20 Sep. 1996-19 Sep. 2000 Snyder, Paul G., Nebraska Univ., USA; Dec. 18, 2000; 7p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-96-1-0480 Report No.(s): AD-A389265; AFRL-SR-BL-TR-01-0275; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche 24
Spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) was used to study the effects of wet chemical etching and oxidation on GaAs and Al(0.3)Ga(0.7)As. Etch solutions were mixtures of citric acid, hydrogen peroxide, and water, with various volume ratios. Oxidation in both H2O2 and H2O was studied. Etch rates of GaAs and AlGaAs were determined from real time SE (RTSE) measurements during etching of heterostructures. The surface condition was also studied, with strong differences observed between fast-etch and slow-etch solutions. Use of RTSE as an etch-stop detector, either at the end of a layer or at a preselected depth within a layer, was demonstrated, with a precision of several rim during nonselective etching. Etch control was also demonstrated using focused-beam RTSE, in which the optical beam diameter was reduced from several mm to about 150 microns. Finally, application of RTSE to patterned surfaces yielded a surprising and useful interference effect which can be used to monitor etch depth into bulk material. DTIC Gallium Arsenides; Etching; Aluminum Gallium Arsenides; Surface Properties; Ellipsometry 20010100508 Brigham Young Univ., Dept. of Chemistry, Provo, UT USA Synthesis of Bis-8-Hydroxyquinoline-Armed Diazatrithia-15-Crown-5 and Diazatrithia-16-Crown-5 Ligands Bronson, R. T.; Bradshaw, Jerald S.; Savage, Paul B.; Krakowiak, Krzysztof E.; Izatt, Reed M.; Apr. 17, 2001; 7p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-98-1-0485 Report No.(s): AD-A389138; TR-25; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche The synthesis of a series of diazatrithia-15-crown-5 and diazatrithia-16- crown-5 ligands containing two 8-hydroxyquinoline side arms are reported. The ligands were prepared by a two-step process. First, diazatrithiacrown ethers 11 and 12 were prepared by treating bis(alpha-chloroamide)-5 with various dimercaptans followed by reduction using a boron-THF complex. Hydroxymethyl-substituted macrocycle 12 was rearranged to hydroxy-substituted diazatrithia-16-crown-5 in refluxing aqueous HCl. Macrocyclic diamines 11-13 were converted to either 5-chloro- 8-hydroxyquinolin- 7-ylmethyl-substituted diazatrithiacrown ethers 14-16 by a Mannich aminomethylation reaction or to 8-hydroxyquinolin- 2-ylmethyl-substituted diazatrithiacrown ethers 17-19 by reductive amination using 8-hydroxyquinoline- 2-carboxaldehyde. DTIC Metal Compounds; Esters; Synthesis; Absorption Spectra 20010102588 Naval Postgraduate School, Software Engineering Automation Center, Monterey, CA USA Detonability of Hydrocarbon/Air Mixtures Using Combustion Enhancing Geometries for Pulse Detonation Engines Sexton, Neil G.; Jun. 2001; 77p; In English; Original contains color plates Report No.(s): AD-A393149; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A05, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche This research studied combustion enhancing geometries and shock reflection on generating a hydrocarbon/air detonation wave in a combustion tube. Ethylene was used as a baseline fuel to determine the preferable geometries. Propane was then used in later testing because of its combustion similarities with heavy hydrocarbon fuels such JP5, JP8, and JP10. Three criteria were used to measure the effectiveness of the combustion enhancing geometries: ability to generate a detonation, wave speed, and time for shock formation. The evaluated geometries included flow-restricting orifice plates and a Schelkin spiral. The shock reflection was accomplished by a vertical fence (large orifice) placed in the last fourth of the tube length. The optimum geometry was found to be the orifice plate used in conjunction with the spiral. Detonations occurred when using ethylene in this configuration, but did not develop when using propane. Because propanes overall reaction rate is slower than that of simpler fuels, more large- and small-scale turbulence to further enhance combustion needs to be generated to create a detonation wave in a short distance when using complex hydrocarbons, such as propane. DTIC Combustion; Detonation Waves; Pulse Detonation Engines; Propane 20010102761 Illinois Univ., Dept. of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Urbana, IL USA Studies of the Mechanics and Combustion of Energetic Materials for the Design of Explosive Systems Final Report, Jan. 1985-Jan. 2000 Stewart, D. S., Illinois Univ., USA; May 2001; 33p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F08630-95-1-0004; AF Proj. 2502 Report No.(s): AD-A393898; AFRL-MN-EG-TN-2001-7070; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche This is the final report that summarizes the research activities carried out under the grant F08630-95-1-0004 (for 5 year, period 01/30/95 to 01/29/00), awarded to the University of Illinois (D. Scott Stewart, Principle Investigator) and the Air Force Research Laboratory, Munition Directorate, Eglin AFB. The major research findings are summarized in the Discussion of Research Accomplishments and they describe (1) development of new models for reactive flow and ignition of energetic materials, (2) 25
improved computational ability for reactive flow and ignition problems, (3) the transfer of detonation propagation algorithms to explosive design codes. A bibliography of all the main archival research papers and technical reports are included with their abstracts. DTIC Explosives; Combustion; Detonation; Computer Aided Design
20010102851 Arizona State Univ., Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Tempe, AZ USA Organic Chemistry of Carbonaceous Meteorites Final Report, 15 Mar. 1997 - 14 Mar. 2000 Cronin, John R., Arizona State Univ., USA; Sep. 26, 2001; 18p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAG5-4131; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Chiral and carbon-isotopic analyses of isovaline have been carried out on numerous samples of the Murchison and one sample of the Murray carbonaceous chondrite. The isovaline was found to be heterogeneous with regard to enantiomeric excess (ee) both between samples and within a single Murchison sample. L-Excesses ranging from 0 to 15% were observed. The isovaline delta(sup 13) C was found to be about +18%. No evidence was obtained suggesting terrestrial contamination in the more abundant L-enantiomer. A correlation was observed between isovaline (also alpha - aminoisobutyric acid) concentration and PCP content of five CM chondrites. It is suggested that isovaline, along with other meteoritic a-methyl amino acids with ee, are of presolar origin. The possible formation of ee in extraterrestrial amino acids by exposure to circularly polarized light or by magnetochiral photochemistry is discussed. Key words: Murchison meteorite, Murray meteorite, amino acids, isovaline, chirality, carbon isotopes, PCP. Author Carbon Isotopes; Chemical Analysis; Isotopes; Murchison Meteorite; Photochemical Reactions
20010102911 California Univ., Lawrence Berkeley Lab., Berkeley, CA USA Steric and electronic effects of 1,3-disubstituted cyclopentadienyl ligands on metallocene derivatives of Cerium, Titanium, Manganese, and Iron Sofield, C. D.; May 19, 2000; 183p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-764394; LBNL-45881; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche Sterically demanding 1,3-disubstituted cyclopentadienyl ligands were used to modify the physical properties of the corresponding metallocenes. Sterically demanding ligands provided kinetic stabilization for trivalent cerium compounds. Tris(di-t-butylcyclo pentadienyl)cerium was prepared and anion competition between halides and cyclopentadienyl groups which had complicated synthesis of the tris(cyclopentadienyl)compound was qualitatively examined. Bis(di-t-butylcyclo pentadienyl)cerium methyl was prepared and its rate of decomposition, by ligand redistribution, to tris(di-t-butylcyclo pentadienyl)cerium was shown to be slower than the corresponding rate for less sterically demanding ligands. Asymmetrically substituted ligands provided a symmetry label for examination of chemical exchange processes. Tris(trimethylsilyl (t-butyl)cyclopentadienyl)cerium was prepared and therate of interconversion between the C1 and C3 isomers was examined. The enthalpy difference between the two distereomers is 7.0 kJ/mol. The sterically demanding cyclopentadienyl ligands ansa-di-t-butylcyclopentadiene (Me2Si((Me3C)2C5H3)2), ansa-bis(trimethylsilyl) cyclopentadiene (Me2Si((Me3Si)2C5H3)2) and tetra-t-butylfulvalene and metallocene derivatives of the ligands were prepared and their structures were examined by single crystal X-ray crystallography. The effect that substituents on the cyclopentadienyl ring have on the pi-electron system of the ligand was examined through interaction between ligand and metal orbitals. A series of 1,3-disubstituted manganocenes was prepared and their electronic states were determined by solid-state magnetic susceptibility, electron paramagnetic resonance, X-ray crystallography, and variable temperature UV-vis spectroscopy. Spin-equilibria in ((Me3C)2C5H3)2Mn and ((Me3C)(Me3Si)C5H3)2Mn were examined and indicate an enthalpy difference of 15 kJ/mol between the high-spin and low-spin forms. Cyclopentadienyl groups resistant to intramolecular oxidative addition allowed isolation of compounds susceptible to intramolecular decomposition. A kinetically stable, base-free titanocene was prepared using di-t-butylcyclopentadienyl ligands and the reactivity of the compound toward small molecules was investigated. The titanocene reacts reversibly with hydrogen to form the titanocene dihydride and the equilibrium in solution between titanocene dihydride, and titanocene and hydrogen, was examined. NTIS Dihydrides; Electron States; Iron; Ligands; Organometallic Compounds; Cerium 26
20010102928 Rennes Univ., France Study of Soot Growth and Nucleation by A Time-Resolved Synchrotron Radiation Based X-Ray Absorption Method Final Report Mitchell, J. B.; Jul. 05, 2001; 36p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F61775-00-W-E039 Report No.(s): AD-A393525; EOARD-SPC-00-4039; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche This report results from a contract tasking University of Rennes I as follows: The contractor will perform a study of soot growth and nucleation by a time-resolved synchrotron radiation based x-ray absorption method. A gaseous fuel burner will be constructed that will allow a stable flame to be produced. The burner will be mounted on an assembly that will allow the motorized movement in both a horizontal and vertical direction so that the two dimensional profile of the soot density can be measured via x-ray absorption. Associated fuel flow control equipment will be used to control and characterize flame conditions. The goal of this work therefore will be to (a) determine doped and undoped soot particle photoemission yields (b) map out the soot density structure in a heavily sooting flame using x-ray absorption and photoelectron detection and (c) determine the influence of enhanced ionization on subsequent soot growth in flames. This report results from a contract tasking University of Rennes I as follows: The contractor will perform a study of soot growth and nucleation by a time-resolved synchrotron radiation based x-ray absorption method%. A gaseous fuel burner will be constructed that will allow a stable flame to be produced. The burner will be mounted on an assembly that will allow the motorized movement in both a horizontal and vertical direction so that the two dimensional profile of the soot density can be measured via x-ray absorption. Associated fuel flow control equipment will be used to control and characterize flame conditions. The goal of this work therefore will be to (a) determine doped and undoped soot particle photoemission yields (b) map out the soot density structure in a heavily sooting flame using x-ray absorption and photoelectron detection and (c) determine the influence of enhanced ionization on subsequent soot growth in flames. DTIC Soot; Fuel Systems; X Ray Absorption; Fuel Flow; Radiation Absorption; Burners; Nucleation; Gaseous Fuels; Ionization 20010102929 Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA USA High-Performance Multi-Fuel AMTEC Power System Final Report, 1 Jul. 1997 - 31 Mar. 2001 Loftus, Peter J.; Sievers, Robert K.; Dec. 2000; 114p; In English; Original contains color plates Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAG55-97-C-0042 Report No.(s): AD-A393524; ARO-37536.2-CH; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A06, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche AMTEC technology has demonstrated thermal to electric conversion efficiencies and power densities which make it an attractive option for meso-scaic power generation. This report details development of an integrated, logistics-fueled, 500 W AMTEC power supply. The development targeted 2O% AMTEC thermal efficiency and 16% system efficiency (fuel to net power) in a system that weights 9 kg. The heat source developed was a compact, recuperated combustion system capable of operating with most common liquid or gaseous fuels. Key technical issues that were addressed included: developing a cylindrical multi-tube/single cell AMTEC configuration with effective management of alkali metal flow; scaling down and integrating a multi-fuel micro-combustor technology to achieve soot-flee logistics fuel combustion and uniform heat flux to the AMTEC module hot side; and integrating a compact, light-weight recuperator to achieve high thermal efficiency. In addition, we evaluated and tested two alternative AMTEC design and manufacturing concepts aimed at reducing the cost and improving the manufacturability of the technology. DTIC Thermoelectric Power Generation; Alkali Metals; Liquid Fuels; Fuel Combustion; Cost Reduction 20010103991 Rochester Univ., Dept. of Chemical Engineering, NY USA High-Temperature Gel Permeation Chromatography System for Optical Polymers Research Final Report, 31 Mar. 2000-30 Mar. 2001 Chen, Shaw H., Rochester Univ., USA; June 2001; 44p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAD19-00-1-0074 Report No.(s): AD-A392960; ARO-40862.1-CH-RIP; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Microfiche; A03, Hardcopy A high-temperature gel permeation chromatograph has been acquired for the measurement of absolute molecular weight distribution to support a MURI Program on Tunable Optical Polymer Systems. Conjugated polymers have been actively pursued over the past two decades for electronic, optical, photonic, and optoelectronic applications. In the last few years, liquid crystalline conjugated polymers have begun to attract attention because of their ability to self-organize. One can now imagine taking advantage of the new optical properties originating in ordered conjugated systems. Nonmesogenic conjugated polymers are known to effect electrochromism and voltage-tunable light emission, and non conjugated mesogenic liquid crystals (chiral27
nematics in particular) are known to effect tunable selective reflection. As a major challenge, chiral-nematic conjugated polymers are being designed and synthesized to accomplish all three modes of tunability across the visible and infrared region for defense and civilian applications. In addition, we are developing novel conjugated oligomers configured in a three-dimensional space to effect control of nanoscale morphology critical to optoelectronic properties, for which a manuscript is attached to illustrate our molecular design concept. DTIC Optical Properties; Gels; High Temperature; Chromatography 20010105088 North Coast Crystals, Inc., Cleveland, OH USA Composite electrodes for advanced electrochemical applications Quarterly Report, 1 Jul. - 30 Sep. 1999 Kovach, C.; Oct. 01, 1999; 10p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-760844; DOE/GO/10320-Q; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge The electrochemical industry is one of the most highly energy-intensive industries today. However, there have been no significant advances in the electrodes that these industries use. The dimensionally stable anode (DSA), which ELTECH introduced under a license agreement, has been the industry standard for the past twenty-five years. But, DSAs are nearing the end of their technological prevalence. The principal problems with DSAs include high capital and operating cost, and the proprietary nature of the technology. In addition, DSAs experience problems that include contamination of the process solution by anode materials, failure when the electrocatalytic coating peels from under attack, generally low anode performance due to inherent limitations in operating current density, and short anode lifetime because of corrosion. The proposed innovation combines the low electrical resistance of copper with the corrosion resistance of electrically conductive diamond to achieve energy-efficient, long-lifetime electrodes for electrochemistry. The proposed work will ultimately develop a composite electrode that consists of a copper substrate, a conductive diamond coating, and a catalytic precious metal coating. The scope of the current work includes preparation, testing, and evaluation of diamond-coated titanium electrodes. NTIS Composite Materials; Electrode Materials; Electrochemistry; Electrodes; Metal Coatings 20010105190 Department of Energy, Washington, DC USA Cathodic protection-rectifier 46 Bellomy, J. R.; Apr. 25, 1997; 38p Report No.(s): DE2001-16915; HNF-SD-W320-ATR-001; DE98059761,EW3130010; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche Acceptance Test Report for the interalarm cathodic protection - Addition of rectifier 46, Project W-320. NTIS Cathodic Coatings; Rectifiers 20010105213 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USA Heterogenization of Homogeneous Catalysts: the Effect of the Support Earl, W. L.; Ott, K. C.; Hall, K. A.; de Rege, F. M.; Morita, D. K.; Jun. 29, 1999; 9p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-763894; LA-UR-99-2685; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche We have studied the influence of placing a soluble, homogeneous catalyst onto a solid support. We determined that such a heterogenized homogeneous catalyst can have improved activity and selectivity for the asymmetric hydrogenation of enamides to amino acid derivatives. The route of heterogenization of RhDuPhos(COD)(sup +) cations occurs via electrostatic interactions with anions that are capable of strong hydrogen bonding to silica surfaces. This is a novel approach to supported catalysis. Supported RhDuPhos(COD)(sup +) is a recyclable, non-leaching catalyst in non-polar media. This is one of the few heterogenized catalysts that exhibits improved catalytic performance as compared to its homogeneous analog. NTIS Catalysts; Amino Acids; Hydrogenation 20010105225 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USA Statistical Analysis on Turbulent Premixed Flame with a Cyclone-Jet Combustor Yamamoto, K.; Jan. 01, 2000; 25p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-763253; LA-UR-00-31; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche To investigate the premixed flame structure in highly turbulent flow, we have used a cyclone jet combustor, which stabilizes the premixed flames over a wide range of turbulent properties. With Mie scattering imaging, we have obtained tomographic flame 28
images to visualize the flame structure. The local flame characteristics have been examined with an electrostatic probe.To investigate the premixed flame structure in highly turbulent flow, we have used a cyclone jet combustor, which stabilizes the premixed flames over a wide range of turbulent properties. With Mie scattering imaging, we have obtained tomographic flame images to visualize the flame structure. The local flame characteristics have been examined with an electrostatic probe. NTIS Combustion Chambers; Electrostatic Probes; Imaging Techniques; Mie Scattering; Turbulent Flames; Statistical Analysis
26 METALS AND METALLIC MATERIALS

Includes physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of metals and metallic materials; and metallurgy.
20010099880 Argonne National Lab., IL USA Effect of bulk composition on swelling and radiation-induced segregation in austenitic alloys Allen, T. R.; Cole, J. I.; Dietz, N. L.; Wang, Y.; Was, G. S.; Oct. 10, 2000; 9p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-766294; ANL/ED/CP-102225; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche Changes in bulk composition are known to affect both radiation-induced segregation and microstructural development, including void swelling in austenitic stainless steels. In this work, three alloys have been studied: Fe-18Cr-8Ni alloy (bulk composition corresponding to 304 stainless steel), Fe-18Cr-40Ni (bulk composition corresponding to 330 stainless steel), and Fe-16Cr-13Ni (bulk composition corresponding to 316 stainless steel). Following irradiation with high-energy protons, the change in hardness and microstructure (void size distribution and grain boundary composition) due to irradiation is investigated. Increasing the bulk nickel concentration decreases void swelling, increases matrix hardening, and increases grain boundary chromium depletion and nickel enrichment. The analysis shows that decreases in lattice parameter and shear modulus due to radiation-induced segregation correlate with decreased void swelling and a decreased susceptibility to irradiation assisted stress corrosion cracking (IASCC). While traditional thinking on IASCC assumed RIS was a contributing factor to cracking, it may be that properly controlled RIS can be used to mitigating cracking. NTIS Austenitic Stainless Steels; Irradiation; Composition (Property); Chemical Composition 20010100253 Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor, MI USA Bolt-Load Retention Behavior of a Die Cast Magnesium-Rare Earth Alloy Moreno, Ian P.; Jun. 25, 2001; 63p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A392321; C101-123; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche The need for improved understanding of new magnesium alloys for the automotive industry continues to grow as the application for these lightweight alloys expands to more demanding environments, particularly in drivetrain components. Their use at elevated temperatures, such as in transmission cases, presents a challenge because magnesium alloys generally have lower creep resistance than aluminum alloys currently employed for such applications. In this study, a new die cast magnesium alloy, MEZ, containing rare earth (RE) elements and zinc as principal alloying constituents, was examined for its bolt-load retention (BLR) properties. Preloads varied from 14 to 28 kN and test temperatures ranged from 125 to 175 deg C. At all test temperatures and preloads, MEZ retained the greatest fraction of the initial imposed preload when compared to the magnesium alloys AZ91D, AE42, AM50, and the AM50+Ca series alloys. The BLR behavior of MEZ did not show significant sensitivity to temperature within the range examined, whereas the other alloys displayed a clear decrease in bolt-load retention with increased temperature at a given preload. Retained bolt-load decreased for MEZ with increasing preload in a manner similar to the behavior of other alloys. The higher BLR can be attributed to the greater resistance to creep and arises mainly from the Mg-RE phases present at cell and grain boundaries and the relatively high solidus temperature (T(sub s) of MEZ. Additional means of improving BLR by varying geometrical dimensions in the bolted assembly for AZ91D and AM50 were investigated and no significant improvement was observed in the limited studies that were performed. DTIC Cast Alloys; Magnesium Alloys; Rare Earth Elements; Bolts; Loads (Forces); Performance Tests; Creep Strength 20010101182 Army Armament Research, Development and Engineering Center, Benet Labs., Watervliet, NY USA Experiences and Modeling of Hydrogen Cracking in a Thick-Walled Pressure Vessel Final Report Troiano, Edward; Vigilante, G. N.; Underwood, John H.; Aug. 2001; 21p; In English; Report presented at the ASTM National 29
Symposium on Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics (33rd), Moran, WY, 26-29 Jun 2001. Report No.(s): AD-A393626; ARCCB-TR-01016; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Hydrogen cracking associated with armament structures has become more prevalent in recent times. Recent work by Troiano et al. has clearly shown that the utilization of specific barrier coatings, such as nickel, can impede the absorption of hydrogen and retard hydrogen-induced cracking. In this work, a thick-walled, autofrettaged pressure vessel was manufactured from ASTM A723 Grade 2 steel and heat treated to a yield strength of 1170 MPa. An outside diameter keyway was then machined. The keyway was exposed to concentrated sulfuric acid, leading to apparent cracking within 20 hours of exposure. An investigation of the affected keyway in the pressure vessel indicated that localized hardened areas were present. The base material possessed hardness values of Rc 37 to 39, while the keyway possessed localized hardened zones up to Rc 44. These zones extended to a depth of approximately 4-mm. The different hardness layers suggest that the environmental cracking incubated and propagated in two separate stages. Cracking in the hardened skin layer on the surface incubated quickly and propagated to approximately the 4-mm depth and arrested itself once it encountered the more ductile base material. Previously published crack growth (da/dt) test data, and new data verify that this process of incubation and propagation occurred in a matter of seconds (in the hardened skin layer). The cracking then resumed in the softer base material after approximately 300 hours of incubation time. Additional da/dt testing of this condition has been performed over a range of yield strengths and verifies that incubation times and crack propagation rates are similar to those observed in this pressure vessel. DTIC Hydrogen Embrittlement; Crack Propagation; Hardness
20010102646 National Defence Research Establishment, Avd. foer Vapen Och Skydd, Tumba, Sweden Scaling Laws and Material Dynamic Material Behavior Inledande Mekaniska Studier av Riktade Wolfrma-Rheniumlegeringar Skoglund, P.; Savage, S. J.; November 2000; 22p; In Swedish Report No.(s): PB2001-107276; FOA-R-00-01774-310-SE; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche An initial study concerning the quasi-static mechanical behavior of oriented columnar grained tungsten rhenium alloys has been made. The material investigated was supplied by the Russian Academy of Sciences and was made by plasma arc zone melting. Quasi-static tensile testing of samples with the grains oriented with a (100)-respectively a (110)-axis parallel with the tensile load direction was done. The chemical content of the material varied from pure tungsten to alloys with 1.9% and 4.8% rhenium. Crystallographic analysis showed that the crystal orientation of the samples in several cases contained low and high angle boundaries and thus deviated from the information given by the supplier. From the mechanical testing it is clear that the samples are very hard and brittle and several of the samples fractured at the transition between sample gauge and sample ends. The stress at fracture was typically 350-450 MPa at a strain of only 1-2%. From the limited number of samples tested it is therefore not possible to make any conclusive judgement of the material properties. It is known that the ductility of similar polycrystalline alloys can be greatly enhanced by an appropriate thermomechanical treatment. The sensitivity of the ductility to rhenium content, temperature, orientation and mechanical treatment should therefore be investigated. NTIS Tungsten Alloys; Rhenium Alloys; Mechanical Properties; Tensile Tests; Static Tests; Polycrystals
20010103257 Northwestern Univ., Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Evanston, IL USA Bonding, Energetics and Mechanical Properties of Intermetallics Annual Report, 1 Dec. 1999-30 Nov. 2000 Freeman, Arthur J.; Nov. 2000; 10p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): P49620-98-1-0321 Report No.(s): AD-A391734; AFRL-SR-BL-TR-01-0401; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche In high-temperature intermetallics, dislocations play an especially important role for understanding mechanisms of their deformation and fracture behavior and anomalous mechanical response which are still far from being well understood and remain a challenge to theoretical explanation. Progress in this complex area requires understanding such key phenomena as dislocation structure and mobility, and crack blunting and propagation: while they have been characterized by mesoscopic length and energy scales, they are determined on the microscopic level by the electronic structure which has, in many cases to be carefully taken into account using abinitio techniques. The most important and challenging component of our research objectives is to bridge the gap between a microscopic quantum-mechanical description of the chemical bonding and the mesoscopic phenomena which govern the mechanical response. It is highly desirable that theory describes dislocation core structure in a compact and physically 30
transparent form which would provide a natural link with larger length theories of dislocation motion processes (kink formation, propagation and cross-slip) as well as to study how dislocations, as typical extended defects, influence functional properties. DTIC Intermetallics; Mechanical Properties; Alloys; Chemical Bonds
20010103766 Army Research Lab., Weapons and Materials Research Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA Advanced Penetrator Materials Magness, Lee, Army Research Lab., USA; [2001]; 24p; In English; Proceedings from Armaments for the Army Transformation Conference, 18-20 Jun. 2001, USA; Sponsored by National Defense Industrial Association, USA Report No.(s): AD-A393800; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Presentation given at the Armaments for the Army Transformation Conference, 18-20 June 2001, sponsored by the National Defense Industrial Association. DTIC Conferences; Defense Program; Military Operations
20010104665 National Aerospace Lab., Amsterdam Netherlands Microstructurally-Induced Embrittlement of Archaeological Silver Wanhill, R. J.; Jan. 22, 2001; 53p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A391792; NLR-TP-2001-032; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Microstructurally-induced embrittlement of archaeological silver is character by grain boundary fracture. This is most likely due to impurity elements segregating to grain boundaries and reducing their cohesive strength. Empirical and theoretical concepts of segregation-induced embrittlement are considered with respect to silver and the impurity elements in archaeological silver, furthermore considering the special nature of grain boundaries and the influence of grain size. The report ends with surveys of diagnostic techniques and possible remedial measures for embrittled archaeological silver. DTIC Embrittlement; Silver; Grain Boundaries; Impurities; Fracturing; Archaeology
20010105181 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USA Interface Characterization Techniques for 304L Stainless Steel Resistance Upset Welds Abeln, T. G.; Kackenko, E. J.; Necker, C. T.; Field, R. D.; Jul. 26, 1998; 13p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-762096; LA-UR-98-3451; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche In an effort to better characterize and classify austenitic stainless steel resistance upset welds, standard methods have been examined and alternative methods investigated. Optical microscopy yields subjective classification due to deformation obscured bond lines and individual perception. The use of specimen preparations that better reveal grain boundaries aids in substantiating optical information. Electron microscopy techniques produce quantitative information in relation to microstructural constituents. Orientation Imaging Microscopy (OIM) is a relatively new technique for obtaining objective, quantitative information pertaining to weld integrity, i.e., percent grain boundary growth across the interface. NTIS Austenitic Stainless Steels; Joints (Junctions); Welded Joints; Microstructure
20010105212 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USA Theoretical and Experimental Investigation on the Low Temperature Properties of the NbCr(sub 2) Laves Phase Thoma, D. J.; Chu, F.; Chen, K. C.; Kotula, P. G.; Mitchell, T. E.; Jun. 03, 1999; 21p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-763895; LA-UR-99-2687; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche This is the final report of a three-year, Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) project at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). The goal of the project was to develop methodologies in which to define and improve the properties of NbCr(sub 2) so that the high temperature structural applications of alloys based upon this would not be limited by the low-temperature brittle behavior of the intermetallic. We accomplished this task by (1) understanding the defect structure and deformation mechanisms in Laves phases, (2) electronic and geometric contributions to phase stability and alloying behavior, and (3) novel processing of dual phase (Laves/bcc) structures. As a result alloys with properties that in many cases surpass superalloys were developed. For example, we have tailored alloy design strategies and processing routes in a metal alloy to achieve ambient 31
temperature ultimate strengths of 2.35 GPa as well as ultimate strengths of 1.5 GPa at 1000 C. This results in one of the strongest metal alloys that currently exist, while still having deformability at room temperature. NTIS Alloys; Ambient Temperature; Structural Design; Intermetallics; Alloying 20010105261 Oak Ridge National Lab., TN USA Use of X-Ray Microbeams for Depth Profiling of MeV Ion Implantation Induced Defect Clusters in Si Yoon, M.; Larson, B. C.; Tischler, J. Z.; Haynes, T. E.; Chung, J. S.; Oct. 19, 1998; 6p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-771412; P00-106614; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche We have demonstrated the use of submicron-resolution synchrotron x-ray beams to characterize the size and depth distribution of ion-implantation-induced defect clusters in Si. A 0.6 micrometer resolution x-ray beam, generated on the Unicat undulator beamline at the Advanced Photon Source using Fresnel zone plate focusing optics, was used to study (001)-oriented Si implanted at 300 C with 10-MeV Si ions. Submicron-resolution, depth-dependent diffuse scattering measurements were made near the (220) Bragg reflection from the (110) cross-section. The microbeam focusing optics and the depth-resolved scattering measurements are discussed, and an analysis of the intensity and lineshape of the diffuse scattering is presented in terms of existing models of vacancy and interstitial clusters in Si. NTIS Silicon; Depth Measurement; X Rays; Defects; Ion Implantation 20010105266 Oak Ridge National Lab., TN USA New Measurements of the Solubility of Metal Oxides at High Temperatures Palmer, D. A.; Benezeth, P.; Wesolowski, D. J.; Wood, S. A.; Xiao, C.; Jun. 01, 2000; 6p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-771406; P00-108438; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche The results of high temperature solubility studies at ORNL are presented in which mainly direct pH measurements were made of the aqueous systems involving the crystalline solid phases: Al(OH)3, AlOOH, Fe3O4, Mg(OH)2, Nd(OH)3, and ZnO. Examples are highlighted of specific phenomena such as: the kinetics of gibbsite and boehmite dissolution and precipitation; the appearance of metastable equilibria in the dissolution of Fe3O4; the extremely rapid precipitation of crystalline brucite, Mg(OH)2; and anomalies in the apparent solubility profiles of AlO(OH) and ZnO. General trends associated with the effects of temperature and ionic strength are mentioned. NTIS Oxides; Solubility; Metals; Temperature Effects; Trends 20010105279 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USA Texture and Yield Stress of Pre-Strained 304L Stainless Steel Bennett, K.; Von Dreele, B.; Gray, G. T.; Chen, S. R.; Jun. 23, 1997; 13p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-762581; LA-UR-99-2245; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche The evolution of texture and yield stress in 304L stainless steel is investigated as a function of deformation to large plastic strains. Steel bars quasi-statically upset forged at a strain rate of 0.001s(sup -1) to true strains of 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.8 were found to acquire their texture ((approximately)3.0 m.r.d.) in the first 0.5 strain with (110) poles highly aligned parallel to the compression direction independent of whether the pre-forged starting material was in a cold worked or annealed (1050 C for 1 hour) condition. The same bars, when strained at room temperature show an incremental yield with pre-strain regardless of strain rate (10(sup -1) or 10(sup -3)s(sup -1)) or thermal history, though annealed bars yield at slightly lower stresses. At 77 K and strain rate 10(sup -3)s(sup -1), the annealed 304L exhibits more pronounced strain-hardening behavior than the 304L forged in a cold-worked condition. NTIS Stress Analysis; Stainless Steels; Annealing; Textures 20010105592 Virginia Univ., Charlottesville, VA USA Heterogeneous nucleation and growth in metal alloys. Final technical report Shiflet, G. J.; Sep. 14, 1997; 23p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-763881; DE-FG05-89ER45389-F; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche We have refined a heat treatment to obtain coherent, heterogeneous nucleation of precipitates on dislocations in a high purity binary alloy. This allowed, for the first time, a quantitative comparison to be made for coherent heterogeneous nucleation. This 32
part of the research resulted from our concern about the role of dislocations in sub-boundaries in aluminum alloys and directed us to first examine isolated dislocations in the binary Al-Li systems. We were able to design the experiment so the heterogeneous nucleation of AL(sub 3)Li occurred. Previously, only homogeneous nucleation of Al(sub 3)Li had been examined. NTIS Nucleation; Lithium Alloys; Binary Alloys; Precipitates; Aluminum Alloys
27 NONMETALLIC MATERIALS
Includes physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of plastics, elastomers, lubricants, polymers, textiles, adhesives, and ceramic materials. For composite materials see 24 Composite Materials.
20010099426 Cincinnati Univ., Dept. of Chemistry, OH USA Structural Foams of Improved Strength and Thermal Stability From Random-Coil and Rigid-Rod Polymers Final Report, 1 Mar. 1998 - 28 Feb. 2001 Sun, H.; Mark, J. E.; Tan, S. C.; Jun. 13, 2001; 62p; In English; Original contains color plates Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-98-1-0319 Report No.(s): AD-A391179; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche The most significant accomplishments were determining the conditions for preparing microcellular structural foams from high-temperature polymers of interest to the US Air Force. The primary system was rodlike polybenzobisthiazole blended with poly(etherketoneketone) with 5% rod content. This gave microcellular foams with densities about 0.92 g/cc, and a yield strength about 9.4 ksi. A modified foaming technique gave foams with high porosity, a density of 0.65 g/cc, and pore sizes from 10 to 40 micrometers. Also, some sulfonated poly(p-phenylenebenzobismidazole)/poly(2-vinylpyidine) molecular composites gave foams of uniform microstructures and a cell size less than 10 micrometers, but with some brittleness. Molecular composites based on polysulfone (PSF) and polybenzimidazole (PBI) were also successfully prepared. PSF and PBI are immiscible, but introduction of functional groups into the PSF or PBI resulted in miscible polymer blends. Very homogeneous microcellular foams were obtained from them, and their thermal behavior and mechanical properties were encouraging. DTIC Foams; Microstructure; Polymer Blends; Thermal Stability; Mechanical Properties 20010099697 City Univ. of New York, Dept. of Chemistry, Brooklyn, NY USA Molecular and Ionic Transport in Polymeric Systems: Electroanalytical Studies, 1 Oct. 2000 - 30 Jun. 2001 Ciszkowska, M.; Jul. 15, 2001; 26p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-98-1-0244 Report No.(s): AD-A392377; TR-12; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Transport of simple ions and molecules in polymeric systems such as solutions, colloidal suspensions and polymeric gels is of interest for the description of many biological and synthetic systems, such as cellular membranes, biological matrices, ion-exchangers, new materials for power sources, and gel-based sensors. The transport of ions in ionic polymeric media is suppressed due to long range electrostatic interactions between polyions and counterions or coions. This paper presents an overview of recent developments in transport studies in polymeric systems using electroanalytical methods. Two systems with important applications, polymeric gels and solutions of ionic polymers, are discussed. Appropriate theoretical models and experimental results for synthetic and biological systems are presented. DTIC Ions; Molecules; Polymers; Electrodes; Gels 20010100116 Oklahoma Univ., Dept. of Chemistry, Norman, OK USA Liquid Crystals and Ordered Polymers for Infrared and Microwave Applications Final Report, 1 Jun 1998-31 May 2001 Fung, Bing M.; Aug. 28, 2001; 9p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-98-1-0453 Report No.(s): AD-A393670; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche A large number of new liquid crystals were synthesized for possible applications in advanced electrooptic devices operating in infrared and microwave ranges. These compounds contain an electron-donating group and an electron-accepting group separated by a conjugated mesogenic core. The push-pull structure imparts a large longitudinal dipole moment on the molecule, resulting in very large dielectric anisotropy and significant birefringence extending to the infrared region. The electrooptic 33
properties of several of these compounds dissolved in room-temperature nematic solvents have been measured. Macroscopically oriented epoxy thermosets were formed by polymerizing liquid crystalline diepoxides with an aromatic diamine. They show increased mechanical strength over unoriented samples, and possess optical anisotropy. Two short projects not originally planned were also carried out. The first was the production of super-strong cellulose aerogels, and the second was an NMR study of a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) system. DTIC Electro-Optics; Polymers; Liquid Crystals; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; Aerogels
20010100123 Pittsburgh Univ., Dept. of Chemistry, Pittsburgh, PA USA Apertureless Scanning Near-Field Infrared Microscopy of Polymers Akhremitchev, Boris; Walker, Gilbert C.; Jan. 2000; 3p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-96-1-0735 Report No.(s): AD-A393689; TR-13; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Infrared near field microscopy using an apertureless probe technique has been accomplished to study the surfaces of a cast copolymer film. Two basic models for the predicted signal and the experimental data are presented. The first model includes plane wave light scattering by a conductive sphere and an infinitely wide absorptive layer placed on a semi-infinite conductor. This model shows infrared signal dependence on the layer absorption and predicts topographic coupling into the infrared signal. The experimental data also indicate that a significant component in the infrared contrast arises from the problem following the samples topography and a method to eliminate the influence of topography following is demonstrated. The images corrected by such a procedure show spatial resolution approximately lamba/100. A more complex model based on a three dimensional finite difference time domain method was used to calculate scattering from an inhomogeneous surface. DTIC Scanning; Polymers; Microscopy; Near Infrared Radiation; Near Fields
20010101154 Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Airframes and Engines Div., Fishermans Bend, Australia Flow Testing of Cytec FM300 and FM300-2K Structural Adhesives Vodicka, Roger, Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Australia; July 2001; 30p; In English Report No.(s): DSTO-TN-0383; DODA-AR-011-946; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity The flow of Cytec FM300 and FM300-2K structural film adhesives was examined using flow tests employing an autoclave or by using dead-weights to apply pressure. The effect of ageing the adhesive at room-temperature was examined for periods of up to 60 days. FM300 adhesive was found to show minimal changes in flow and it was difficult to determine the adhesive age from the flow test results. The effects of ageing on FM300 are most likely to appear in the results of mechanical tests such as the short overlap shear test. FM300-2K showed a more consistent change in flow with age. The flow of FM300-2K changed markedly over the ageing period (about 30-40% change in area flow) and decreased in an almost linear fashion with age. This makes it viable to determine the effects of ageing on FM300-2K based on the results of flow tests. Both types of pressure application (autoclave and dead-weights) are suitable for flow testing and offer key advantages and disadvantages. If an autoclave is available it is preferable to perform flow tests at 100 kPa. Author Adhesives; Viscosity; Aging (Materials); Epoxy Resins; Flow Measurement
20010101164 Pennsylvania Univ., Medical Image Processing Group, Philadelphia, PA USA A Gas Pressure Sintering Furnace for Structural Ceramics Final Report, 1 Feb. 1998-31 Jan. 2000 Chen, I-Wei; Jul. 2001; 7p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-98-1-0230; AF Proj. 3484 Report No.(s): AD-A393566; AFRL-SR-BL-TR-01-0456; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche The grant was initiated on February 1, 1998. A no-cost extension for one year was requested in January 1999. We have designed, purchased and received a gas pressure sintering furnace from Centorr Inc. (Model 2723EP). This furnace is in full operation. We have proceeded with the proposed research on the in-situ toughened a -SiAlON and on the synthesis of high b-content Si3N4 powders. We have also purchased, received and tested a cold isostatic press from ABB Autoclave (CIP 42260). This equipment is also in operation in the laboratory. Since funds were used from University sources to advance the payment of the gas pressure sintering, we have used the residue funds to purchase characterization equipment for a -SiAlON research. The 34
new equipment has been delivered and has allowed characterization of a -SiAlON, especially the mechanical properties (R-curve, creep, and high temperature strength) to be carried out in our laboratory. DTIC Ceramics; Gas Pressure; Creep Strength; Furnaces; Powder (Particles) 20010101165 Pennsylvania Univ., Medical Image Processing Group, Philadelphia, PA USA A High Temperature Microhardness Tester for Structural Ceramics Final Report, 1 May 1999-14 May 2000 Chen, I-Wei; Jul. 2001; 7p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-99-1-0269; AF Proj. 3484 Report No.(s): AD-A393567; AFRL-SR-BL-TR-01-0457; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche The grant was initiated on May 1, 1999. In view of the fact that high temperature microindentation testers are no longer in commercial production, we have instead designed, purchased and received an atomic force microscope (AFM) from Digital Instrument. This instrument is configured to perform nanoindentation tests to obtain information on deformation resistance in both elastic and plastic range. The instrument was installed in September 1999 and personnel have been trained to operate the instrument at the same time. We have proceeded with nanomechanical characterization of the bulk silicon nitride and SiAlONs and their interfacial properties. This includes a study of the intergranular glassy phase that is often thought to be a critical factor in determining their mechanical performance. DTIC Ceramics; Microhardness; Deformation 20010102903 California Univ., Lawrence Berkeley Lab., Berkeley, CA USA Creep of SiC Hot-Pressed with Al, B, and C Sixta, M., California Univ., Lawrence Berkeley Lab., USA; Mar. 31, 2000; 189p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-764381; LBNL-45436; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche The creep of a high strength, high toughness SiC, sintered with Al, B, and C (ABC-SiC), was investigated. For elevated temperature applications, the time-dependent deformation, creep response, must be fully characterized for candidate materials. The mechanisms responsible The creep response was for high temperature deformation in ABC-SiC were evaluated. compared to materials that have glassy grain boundary phases but do not have interlocked grains. NTIS Creep Properties; Silicon Carbides; Hot Pressing; High Temperature; Glass 20010103073 North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC USA Vapor-Phase Lubricants: Nanometer-Scale Mechanisms and Applications to Sub-Micron and Rotating Machinery Final Report, 1 Dec. 1998-30 Nov. 2000 Krim, Jacqueline; Feb. 28, 1999; 9p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-99-1-0006 Report No.(s): AD-A391855; AFRL-SR-BL-TR-01-0406; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Vapor-phase lubricants - Nanometer-scale mechanisms and applications to sub-micron machinery was a new program supported by AFOSR involving a set of experimental seeking to explore the nanometer-scale origins of the lubricating properties of vapor-phase lubricants in controlled environmental conditions and well-defined contact geometries. Although such lubricants have been the subject of much research for over 40 years, the atomic-scale details of their lubrication mechanisms are far from being satisfactorily understood. We have evaporated high purity Fe and Cr substrates in UHV conditions onto Quartz Crystal Microbalances, and then measured the uptake rates of TCP in the temperature range 25-40 C. The Samples surface chemistries were also investigated by means of Auger Spectroscopy, and, as expected, graphitic carbon was found to be the dominant surface constituent. More surprisingly, we observed the uptake rates to depend on sample history, providing positive confirmation that interdiffusion of TCP with Fe is extensive, and key to its beneficial tribological properties. A second set of experiments has been motivated by the fact that vapor lubrication mechanisms may prove to be of critical importance to sub-micron mechanical systems on account of the difficulty of applying a lubricant to such systems by other techniques. These studies involve characterization of the nanotribological behaviors of simple organics and TBPP on metal surfaces in a simple nanomechanical system consisting of a STM tip sliding along the surface electrode of a QCM electrode. They have revealed that surface regions exposed to lubricants which directly experience rubbing exhibit lower friction and virtually no wear. The phenomenon is attributable to either tribochemically formed graphitic regions or heating induced migration of carbon to the interface. DTIC Vapor Phases; Lubricants; Lubrication; Metal Surfaces; Machinery 35
20010103549 Exfluor Research Corp., Round Rock, TX USA Durable Fluorocarbon-Based Coatings for Aircraft Final Report, 8 Apr. 1998-30 Sep. 2000 Julke, Timothy; Kawa, Hajimu; Nov. 2000; 67p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F33615-98-C-5028; AF Proj. 3005 Report No.(s): AD-A391420; AFRL-ML-WP-TR-2001-4090; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche New perfluoroalkyl-branched diols were synthesized. Polyols and polyesters were prepared from the perfluoroalkyl-branched diols. The branching perfluoroalkyl groups are expected to form a protective layer between the polymer backbone and the atmosphere. Thus, the fluorinated polyols and polyesters could be key ingredients for the development of durable for military aircraft. DTIC Fluorocarbons; Paints; Protective Coatings; Aircraft Structures; Durability
20010105214 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USA Reactivity of Metal Ions Bound to Water-Soluble Polymers Sauer, N. N.; Watkins, J. G.; Lin, M.; Birnbaum, E. R.; Robison, T. W.; Jun. 29, 1999; 20p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-763893; LA-UR-99-2684; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche The intent of this work is to determine the effectiveness of catalysts covalently bound to polymers and to understand the consequences of supporting the catalysts on catalyst efficiency and selectivity. Rhodium phosphine complexes with functional groups for coupling to polymers were prepared. These catalyst precursors were characterized using standard techniques including IR, NMR, and elemental analysis. Studies on the modified catalysts showed that they were still active hydrogenation catalysts. However, tethering of the catalysts to polyamines gave systems with low hydrogenation activity. Analogous biphasic systems were also explored. Phosphine ligands with a surfactant-like structure have been synthesized and used to prepare catalytically active complexes of palladium. The palladium complexes were utilized in Heck-type coupling reactions (e.g. coupling of iodobenzene and ethyl acrylate to produce ethyl cinnamate) under vigorously stirred biphasic reaction conditions, and were found to offer superior performance over a standard water-soluble palladium catalyst under analogous conditions. NTIS Metal Ions; Polymers; Catalytic Activity; Chemical Analysis; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; Covalent Bonds
20010105217 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USA Nanoindentation Study of Amorphous Metal Multilayered Thin Films Vella, J. B.; Cammarata, R. C.; Jan. 01, 2000; 8p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-763323; LA-UR-00-320; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche Metallic glasses remain a class of materials whose extraordinary properties have in large part yet to be fully employed in technological applications. Although some glassy alloys have been shown to far exceed the tensile strengths and harnesses of their crystalline counterparts, their stringent processing requirements have severely limited their application as a structural material. Progress is being made in metallic glass fabrication technology as alloying combinations and ratios continue to be refined to increase the glass transition temperature. It is therefore important to gain an understanding of the microscopic processes involved in the mechanical behavior of these materials as they begin to see broader application. NTIS Glass Transition Temperature; Metallic Glasses; Metal Films; Alloying; Crystallinity
20010105241 Oak Ridge National Lab., TN USA Improved Sensitivity SiC Hydrogen Sensor Muntele, C. I.; Ila, D.; Williams, E. K.; Muntele, I. C.; Evelyn, A. L.; Apr. 24, 2000; 6p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-771461; P00-107219; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche We have produced silicon carbide sensors by two techniques: palladium coating and low energy palladium implantation. The palladium implantation was done at 550 C into the Si face of 6H, n-type SiC at various energies and at various fluences. The sensitivity of each sensor was measured at temperatures between 20 C to 400 C. The response of the SiC sensors produced by Pd implantation has revealed a completely different behavior than the SiC sensors produced by Pd deposition. NTIS Hydrogen; Silicon Carbides; Palladium; Gas Detectors 36
20010105245 Allied-Signal Corp., Kansas City, MO USA Effect of Excimer Laser Treatment on the Surface Roughness and Fracture Strength of Alumina Substrates Smoot, J. E.; May 13, 1998; 22p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-16594; KCP-613-6070; DE98053086; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge The microelectronics industry requires alumina substrates with exceptionally smooth surfaces and few surface defects to allow successful deposition of metallic films for reliable electronic performance. Irradiation by a 248-nm wavelength excimer laser beam (KrF) at a fluence of 125 mJ/sq mm and at various angles of incidence is shown to significantly reduce the surface roughness of alumina substrates. However, irradiation also creates a fine particulate deposit of alumina that only partially adheres to the substrate and impedes deposition of metal films. Annealing in air between 1350 C and 1450 C was found to remove the particles by sintering. As-received material showed surface roughness average (R(sub a)) mean values of 457 nm, which was reduced to 60 nm (mean) following irradiation and 71 nm (mean) following irradiation and annealing at 1350 C. Irradiation also produced a decrease in the number and severity of surface defects. The flexural strength and Weibull modulus were both increased by laser irradiation and thermal treatment. Flexural strength went from an as-received value of 450 MPa to 560 MPa following irradiation/sintering, measured at 10% probability of failure. The Weibull modulus was increased from the as-received value of about 9, to about 13 following irradiation/sintering. It was concluded that irradiation at an angle of incidence of 60deg from perpendicular was most effective in producing a low surface roughness. NTIS Surface Roughness; Excimer Lasers; Aluminum Oxides 20010105257 Oak Ridge National Lab., TN USA Radiation Enhanced Porosity and Roughness of Biomaterials Evelyn, A. L.; Rodrigues, M. G.; Ila, D.; Zimmerman, R. L.; Poker, D. B.; Apr. 24, 2000; 6p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-771441; P00-107220; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche Glassy Polymeric Carbon (GPC), made from cured phenolic resins, is sufficiently chemically inert and biocompatible that it is suitable for medical applications, such as heart valves and other prosthetic devices. We have used energetic ion bombardment of the partially and fully cured precursor phenolic resins to enhance biological cell/tissue growth on, and to increase tissue adhesion to, prosthetic devices made from GPC. GPC samples were bombarded with energetic ions to 10 MeV. The surface topography and increased surface roughness was observed using optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The increased porosity was measured by introducing lithium from a molten LiCi salt into the GPC and using (p,a) nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) to measure the concentration of Li retention in the modified GPC. The NRA measurements of increased pore availability were correlated with the observations of increased surface roughness. NTIS Porosity; Surface Roughness; Glassy Carbon 20010105468 Department of Energy, Washington, DC USA Formulation of Molding Materials From Recycled Printed Wiring Boards Lula, J. W.; Bohnert, G. W.; Apr. 20, 1998; 9p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-16830; KCP-613-6066; DE98-059403; C/ASKC-96-KCP-1037; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge The objective of this project was to formulate the pulverized electronic waste (PEW) stream derived from grinding obsolete electronic assemblies and combine this material with thermoplastic or thermosetting polymers into useful, high-value commercial products materials. PEW consists primarily of various thermoset plastic materials and glass fibers from the printed wiring boards, along with ceramic pieces from chip carriers and other electronic components. Typically, the thermosetting materials have the same desirable properties as in the original electronic assembly, including relatively high temperature resistance, excellent chemical resistance, and flame retardancy. These properties combine to make PEW an inherently good inert filler material for plastic composites. NTIS Printed Circuits; Recycling; Molding Materials; Wire 20010105593 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USA Electron-Spin-Resonance Study of Oxidation in X-Iraddiated Poly(Ester Urethane) Containing Nitroplasticizer Jahan, M. S.; Thomas, D. E.; Sep. 22, 2000; 15p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-763106; LA-UR-00-4446; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche 37
The effect of oxidation on x--irradiated Estane5703 containing nitroplasticizer (NP) has been examined by electron-spin-resonance spectroscopy, and the results are compared to similar data previously obtained on pristine Estane5703. Although both specimens exhibit similar spectra immediately following x irradiation, their decay upon exposure to air is quite different. The free-radical concentration of the pristine specimen continuously decreases with time whereas the NP sample exhibits an initial decrease followed by a significant increase due to the growth of a newly-formed radical. Terminal species of the pristine and NP- Estane5703 samples are identified as peroxy and nitroxy radicals, respectively. Hyperfine coupling constants and g-values are extracted for the nitroxy radical and a tentative model is proposed to explain the reaction pathway leading to its production. NTIS Polymers; Urethanes; Irradiation 20010105596 Oak Ridge National Lab., TN USA Temperature-Modulated Calorimetry of Polymers with Single and Multiple Frequencies to Determine Heat Capacities as well as Reversible and Irreversible Transition Parameters Wunderlich, B.; May 01, 2000; 13p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-771416; P00-107488; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche Temperature-modulated differential calorimetry (TMDSC) generated with a centrosymmetric saw-tooth oscillation can be considered to be a sinusoidal modulation with multiple frequencies. Different harmonics of the Fourier series of the heat-flow rate and heating rate of a single sawtooth-modulation can be deconvoluted to extract data pertaining to different frequencies. In order to give the higher harmonics similar amplitudes, a complex but simple-to-program, sawtooth-modulation is generated for the harmonics 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9. In the fashion, a single experiment can produce a frequency-dependent analysis under identical thermal history. NTIS Heat Measurement; Polymers; Phase Transformations
28 PROPELLANTS AND FUELS

Includes rocket propellants, igniters and oxidizers; their storage and handling procedures; and aircraft fuels. For nuclear fuels see 73 Nuclear Physics. For related information see also 07 Aircraft Propulsion and Power, 20 Spacecraft Propulsion and Power, and 44 Energy Production and Conversion.
20010100401 Pennsylvania State Univ., Energy Inst., University Park, PA USA Coal-Based Fuel Formulation and Engineering Final Report, 1 Nov. 1997 - 1 Dec. 1999 Boehman, A.; Hatcher, P.; Schobert, H.; Song, C.; Feb. 2000; 122p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F33615-98-D-2802; AF Proj. 3048 Report No.(s): AD-A393344; D.O.0003; AFRL-PR-WP-D.OTR-2001-2083; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A06, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche The potential coal based feedstocks that could produce or co-produce in a conventional petroleum refinery for use as blending stocks for the production of candidate JP-9OO fuels were evaluated. The oxidative and pyrolytic stability of candidate coal based feedstocks were evaluated in both hatch and flow reactors. DTIC Coal; Coal Derived Liquids; Jet Engine Fuels; Mixtures 20010101047 Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Weapons Systems Div., Fishermans Bend, Australia Characterisation and Polymerisation Studies of Energetic Binders Provatas, Arthur, Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Australia; June 2001; 52p; In English Report No.(s): DSTO-TR-1171; DODA-AR-011-921; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity In order to comply with Insensitive Munitions (IM) criteria, energetic binders comprising polymer and plasticiser(s) are finding use in cast-cured polymer bonded explosives and cast composite rocket propellants. Energetic binder systems confer energy output increases over conventional inert binder systems currently in use, and are thus of interest to the ADF. This report serves to characterise fully the physico-chemical properties of such energetic binder systems. Both the uncured prepolymer binder and the fully cured system have been characterised by various techniques including thermal analysis, spectroscopic 38
analysis, sensitivity tests, molecular weight chromatography and mechanical properties. Detailed cure information obtained from these analyses are used to ensure effective cure. Author Binders (Materials); Polymerization; Characterization; Explosives; Composite Propellants; Thermal Analysis; Spectroscopic Analysis 20010101087 Argonne National Lab., IL USA Integrated ceramic membrane system for hydrogen production Shah, M. M.; Drnevich, R. F.; Balachandran, U.; Sep. 28, 2000; 8p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-766305; ANL/ET/CP-102953; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche This paper describes a new technology development program launched by Praxair with Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) as a subcontractor. The proposed program will lead to commercialization of cost-effective and environmentally-friendly hydrogen production systems for use in the transportation sector for fuel-cell vehicle refueling stations and in the industrial sector as a small, on-site hydrogen supply. The proposed system will integrate ceramic membrane based syngas production and hydrogen separation technologies. The Phase 1 activities in the current year will focus on technoeconomic feasibility evaluation and hydrogen separation membrane testing to validate the concept and define the critical development program for subsequent years. NTIS Ceramics; Hydrogen Production; Commercialization; Technology Assessment 20010103254 Southwest Research Inst., Fuels and Lubricants Research Div., San Antonio, TX USA Initial Effects of Converting Army Diesel-Powered Ground Vehicles to Operate on JP-8+100 Fuel Interim Report Stoecklein, K. E.; Yost, D. M.; Frame, E. A.; Jun. 2000; 143p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAK70-92-C-0059 Report No.(s): AD-A391723; TFLRF-347; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A07, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche The +100 additive was developed to increase the thermal stability of JP-8 aviation fuel. It has been shown that the dispersant/detergent component of the +100 additive permanently disables the water separators in fueling systems (i.e. filter/separators), potentially allowing water to enter vehicle or equipment fuel tanks. Furthermore, the additive will remove dirt and scale (previously deposited materials) from dirty fuel systems, and carry these contaminants downstream, which may quickly plug fuel filters. Some initial USAF evaluations with diesel-engine powered ground support equipment have shown only minor fuel-filter plugging problems. However, these evaluations, have been limited to flight line support equipment, which already operates on aviation-quality JP-8 fuel and is therefore at minimal risk. This project resulted in a set of data that documents the effect on fuel-borne contaminant levels resulting from operation of a previously diesel fueled vehicle with JP-8+100 aviation fuel. The collected data illustrate that there is generally an observable increase in fuel- borne particulates during the initial circulation of JP-8+100 throughout vehicle fuel systems previously operated on diesel fuel for extended periods of time. The laboratory analyses of the collected fuel samples also show that there is generally an increase in the fuel-borne water content when a vehicle is converted to operation with JP-8+1 00. DTIC Diesel Fuels; JP-8 Jet Fuel; Surface Vehicles; Additives; Fuel Systems
31 ENGINEERING (GENERAL)
Includes general research topics to engineering and applied physics, and particular areas of vacuum technology, industrial engineering, cryogenics, and fire prevention. For specific topics in engineering see categories 32 through 39.
20010099941 Department of the Navy, Washington, DC USA Suggestions for the Interoperability Test Cycle Mickle, Robin; May 31, 2001; 22p; In English; Proceedings from the Navy Interoperability Workshop, 30-31 May 2001 sponsored by NDIA. Report No.(s): AD-A393702; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche 39
This group of viewgraphs presented offers suggestions for the interoperability test cycle. The purpose of testing is to identify and fix problems. Time must be allowed to fix the problems, many which are complex. Retesting must occur to ensure fixes work, without causing collateral problem and one must ensure the right assets are available to fix and retest. DTIC Interoperability; Tests; Cycles 20010100408 Texas Univ., Dept. of Engineering, Austin, TX USA Initial Identification and Investigation of Parameters for Choosing the Most Appropriate Rapidly Assembled or Deployable Structure Donley, Stephen J.; Aug. 2001; 111p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A393183; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A06, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche It is well known that a young engineer in the professional arena is commonly faced with problems that are unlike what he has learned to solve through the rigors of his academic education. In particular, the amount of known information is small compared to what is uncertain; it may be difficult to see the real problem because it is hard to place the situation in the proper context. Unlike in formal engineering education, the problem may not have a correct answer. Instead a matrix of options may need to be generated and the decision may need to be based on financial analysis and political correctness along with technical merit. A complete factual analysis that will lead to more than one option may help in such decision-making. The necessity to base decisions on more than the issues typically addressed in engineering design classes may indicate that a decision among technically acceptable alternatives is driven by specific financial, personal, or other needs of the user. From trouble shooting computer chip circuits to performing structural analysis on concrete beams to designing a new house, an interdisciplinary approach involving a plethora of issues must be used in our dynamic culture. DTIC Deployment; Decision Making; Structural Analysis; Parameter Identification; Education 20010102902 Technical Univ. of Budapest, Technology and Economics, Hungary Periodica Polytechnica Mechanical Engineering, Volume 44, No. 2, 2000 Annual Report Abraham, Gregory, Technical Univ. of Budapest, Hungary; 2000; 204p; In English Report No.(s): PB2001-107355; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A10, Hardcopy; A03, Microfiche This current issue discusses the following topics: Design and Calculation Possibilities for the Heat Exchange Conditions of the Human Body; Heat Sensitivity of Water-Heating Systems; Laboratory Modelling of Tangential Air Supply System; Qualification of the Occupied Zones of Different Types of Air Supply Systems on the Basis of Measurements; Methods of Heat Cost Allocation; Nonstationary Dimensioning of Thermal Comfort and Energetical Optimization of Underground Space; Comfort in Closed Spaces According to Thermal Comfort and Indoor Air Quality; Thermal and Air Quality Comfort of Office Buildings Based on New Principles of Dimensioning in Hungary; Description of the Gas and Service Water Consumption Process by Means of Probability Calculation; Determining the Optimal Schedule of District Heating; Analysis of Heat Source and Connected Heat Container; Thermal Comfort in the Passenger Areas of the Budapest Metro; The Newest Results of Heat Conduction Theory; and Basic Flow Differential Equations Applied in Building Service Engineering. NTIS Mechanical Engineering; Air Conditioning 20010103258 Southwest Research Inst., Fuels and Lubricants Research Div., San Antonio, TX USA U.S. Navy High-Speed Diesel Engine Performance Evaluation: Cummins NH-220G and Detroit Diesel 6V-53N Interim Report, Dec. 1993-Aug. 2000 Yost, Douglas M.; Aug. 2000; 1531p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAK70-92-C-0059 Report No.(s): AD-A391750; SWRI-TFLRF-304; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A99, Hardcopy; A10, Microfiche This report documents the performance evaluations of Detroit Diesel Corporation 6V-53N and Cummins NH-220G engines operating largely on broadened military specification fuels, MIL-F-16884H. The performance evaluations also included a fundamental study of the relationship of fuel properties to various combustion phenomena measured in one cylinder of each test engine. Included are engine and test fuel specifications, engine performance analysis, engine operating data, and test fuel data. Fuel property correlations with engine combustion variables were developed using a multivariate analysis of fuel properties with engine performance variables. The power production and fuel consumption correlations were dominated by the test point variables speed and load included as independent variables. Additional multivariate analysis performed utilizing a transformation of the independent variable load, revealed acceptable fuel property correlations for power and fuel consumption. Kinematic viscosity, 40
net heat of combustion, specific gravity, and hydrogen content influenced the power and fuel consumption of the Cummins NH-220G. The power and fuel consumption of the Detroit Diesel Corporation 6V-53N was influenced by kinematic viscosity, net heat of combustion, specific gravity, hydrogen content, aniline point, and boiling point distribution. DTIC Diesel Engines; Engine Tests; Fuel Consumption; Multivariate Statistical Analysis; Combustion Physics; Reliability Analysis 20010103558 National Science Council, Taipei, Taiwan, Province of China Proceedings of the National Science Council, Republic of China, Part D, Mathematics, Science and Technology Education Chen, Chung-Chih, Editor; Chou, Chien, Editor; Chiou, Guey-Fa, Editor; Chang, Huey-Por, Editor; Shiao, His-Chi, Editor; Lin, Chen-Yung, Editor; Tuan, Hsiao-Lin, Editor; Leung, Shuk-Kwan S., Editor; Lin, Huann-Shyang, Editor; Hong, Daisy Lan, Editor; 2001; ISSN 1017-7124; 58p; In English, Taipei, China Report No.(s): PB2001-105713; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Microfiche; A04, Hardcopy This document provides the proceedings from a conference on Mathematics, Science, and Technology Education. The four topics covered include the following: 1) The efficacy of computer-simulated courseware in teaching selected technological concepts; 2) Organization of biological concepts in elementary science textbooks; 3) School-based teacher improvement as an effective support for mathematical curriculum reform; 4) A case study of a mathematics teachers pedagogical values. CASI Conferences; Education 20010103771 California Univ., Lawrence Berkeley Lab., Berkeley, CA USA Effects of air infiltration on the effective thermal conductivity of internal fiberglass insulation and on the delivery of thermal capacity via ducts Levinson, R.; Woody, D. W.; Dickerhoff, D.; Modera, M.; Mar. 01, 2000; 35p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-764330; LBNL-42499; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche This study determined the air-speed dependence of the conductivity of fiberglass insulation by measuring the inlet-to-outlet temperature drop of heated air as it traveled at various speeds through a long, insulated flexible duct. The measured conductivity of a flexible ducts low density, internal, fiberglass-blanket insulation increased with the square of the duct air speed, rising by 140% as the duct air speed increased from O to 15 m S minus 1 (sup). At air speeds recommended for branch ducts, the conductivity of infiltrated, low-density, flexible-duct insulation would increase by 6% above its still-air value in a residential system, and by 16% in a commercial system. The variation with air speed of the insulated flexible ducts total conductance (insulation plus air films) was in partial agreement with that reported by an earlier study. NTIS Thermal Conductivity; Infiltration; Air Flow; Airspeed 20010103786 National Academy of Engineering, Washington, DC USA Japan-America Frontiers of Engineering Symposium 2000 Final Report, Jun.-Jul. 2000 Nov. 04, 2000; 69p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-00-1-0709 Report No.(s): AD-A392060; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche On November 25, 2000, 60 outstanding Japanese and American engineers from industry, academia, government labs, and other research institutions gathered for the First Japan-America Frontiers of Engineering Symposium (JAFOE) in Nara, Japan. Convened by the U.S. National Academy of Engineering (NAE), the Engineering Academy of Japan (EAJ), and the Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), this exciting and unique meeting included presentations and discussion of leading-edge research and technical work in four areas: earthquake engineering, ceramics, manufacturing, and biotechnology. The primary purpose of this book is to convey something about the content of the meeting through abstracts of the presentations and other meeting materials reprinted herein, as well as to inform the reader about the underpinning philosophy of the Frontiers of Engineering program. DTIC Conferences; Engineers; Engineering 20010104658 Oak Ridge National Lab., TN USA Characterization of Heat Recovery Wheels in Thermally Regenerated Desiccant Systems Utilizing Evaporative Cooling Sand, J. R.; Jalalzadeh-Azar, A. A.; Vineyard, E. A.; Aug. 20, 2000; 8p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-771556; P00-107179; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche 41
The dynamics of thermal regeneration via a rotating wheel coupled with evaporative cooling in a gas-fired, desiccant, dehumidification system are explored in relation to system efficiency and capacity. Implementation of these features reduces the sensible cooling load of the supply air, but also diminishes the dehumidification (latent) capacity of the system due to moisture transfer to the dehumidified air. The conflicting nature of these attributes necessitates examination of the system performance parameters with respect to the rotational speed of the thermal recovery wheel and the effect of the evaporative cooling. NTIS Desiccants; Evaporative Cooling; Dehumidification; Waste Energy Utilization 20010105265 Oak Ridge National Lab., TN USA New Technology in Metalworking Fluids and Grinding Wheels Achieves Tenfold Improvements in Grinding Performance Kruegar, M. K.; Yoou, S. C.; Gong, D.; McSpadden, S. B.; Ourke, L. J.; Jun. 07, 2000; 15p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-771407; P00-108719; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche Metal manufacturing industries have a growing interest in finding economical ways to improve grinding productivity, part quality, and production cost. Our study extensively investigated the effects of the types of grinding wheels, grinding fluids, and their different combinations on grinding ratio (G-ratio), specific energy (U), grinding efficiency (E), and surface roughness (Ra) of 52100 steel ground parts for a wide range of specific material removal rates. As a result of this study the following findings were made: The specific material removal rate (Q) can be increased by more than 100% by using sol-gel wheel with metalworking fluids containing a high concentration of extreme pressure (EP) lubricants, instead of conventional aluminum oxide wheels with non-EP-containing fluids. The sol-gel grinding wheel generates an eight to ten times higher G-ratio than a traditional aluminum oxide wheel. Metalworking fluids with two levels of EP lubricants were compared with a fluid that did not contain EP lubricants. NTIS Metal Working; Metal Grinding; Grinding Machines
20010105452 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USA Thermoacoustic Engines and Refrigerators: A Short Course Swift, G. W.; Jan. 01, 1999; 179p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-756947; LA-UR-99-895; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge This is an introductory book, not a full review of the current status of the field of thermoacoustics. It is evolving from my March 1999 short course on this subject at the Berlin acoustics meeting. The hardware examples used here to illustrate the elementary principles are thermoacoustics apparatus developed at Los Alamos or with our close collaborators, and the mathematical approach to the gas dynamics and power flows closely follows that pioneered by Nikolaus Rott. (Time pressure induces me to stick with topics most familiar to me, and, indeed, the Los Alamos approach to thermacoustics has been quite successful.) Many aspects of thermoacoustics will be introduced, in an attempt to help the reader acquire both an intuitive understanding and the ability to design hardware, build it, and diagnose its performance. NTIS Thermoacoustic Effects; Engines; Thermoacoustic Refrigerators
20010105465 California Univ., Lawrence Berkeley Lab., Berkeley, CA USA Delivering tons to the register: Energy efficient design and operation of residential cooling systems Siegel, J.; Walker, I.; Sherman, M.; May 01, 2000; 12p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-771801; LBNL-45315; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge The work presented in this paper shows how proper air conditioning equipment location, sizing, installation and operation can improve performance, save on energy bills, and reduce peak demand. A residential heat and mass transfer model, REGCAP, was used to determine the effect of several parameters on energy consumption, peak electrical demand and air conditioner performance. These parameters included placing the entire air conditioning system within the insulated envelope of the house, reducing air conditioner capacity, correct installation (refrigerant charge and evaporator airflow) and alternative operating strategies (thermostat setback versus constant thermostat set point). Our results indicate that a properly sized and installed air 42
conditioner has either equivalent or improved performance compared to an oversized poorly installed air conditioner that is typical of residential construction. This paper examines a recent innovation in bringing the HVAC system inside the thermal and air leakage envelope by locating the system in a cathedralized attic that is insulated and sealed at the roofline and is well connected to the house. Both field measurements and simulation results show that houses with ducts located in cathedralized attics have dramatically increased cooling performance and lower energy consumption than houses with ducts in conventional attics. However, the marginal benefit of improving an air conditioning system once it is in a cathedralized attic is small: the largest part of energy savings come from insulating and sealing the attic. NTIS Air Conditioning; Energy Conservation; Cooling Systems; Design Analysis; Space Heating (Buildings); Air Conditioning Equipment
32 COMMUNICATIONS AND RADAR

Includes radar; radio, wire, and optical communications; land and global communications; communications theory. For related information see also 04 Aircraft Communications and Navigation; and 17 Space Communications, Spacecraft Communications, Command and Tracking; for search and rescue see 03 Air Transportation and Safety, and 16 Space Transportation and Safety.
20010099203 Civil Aeromedical Inst., Civil Aeromedical Inst., Oklahoma City, OK USA Data-Linked Pilot Reply Time On Controller Workload and Communication in a Simulated Terminal Option Final Report Prinzo, O. V., Civil Aeromedical Inst., USA; May 2001; 21p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): AM-B-98-HRR-516 Report No.(s): AD-A391932; DOT/FAA/AM-01/8; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Microfiche; A03, Hardcopy This report describes an analysis of air traffic control communication and workload in a simulated terminal radar approach control environment. The objective of this study was to investigate how pilot-to-controller data-link acknowledgment time might affect controller-perceived workload and operational communication. Eight controllers provided air traffic services to simulated arrival aircraft during a moderate-traffic density simulation in which voice radio and data link communications were available. The effect of a delay in downlinked pilot acknowledgment time to controller uplinked messages was the primary variable of interest. Each controller completed the same scenario twice, with the order of presentation counterbalanced. That is, for the first simulation, half the controllers received immediate responses to their data link messages while the other half received pilot acknowledgment time delayed by about 11 seconds. The primary finding was a general, albeit not statistically significant, tendency among controllers towards an increase in subjective workload overall and on individual dimensions of the NASA Task Load Index when the simulation environment supported mixed, rather than immediate pilot responses. The analysis performed on communication measures revealed that controller workload was affected by the communications capability onboard the aircraft but not ghost pilot response type (immediate, delayed). Transmissions to data link-equipped aircraft took longer to complete and contained longer pauses than transmissions to non-data linked aircraft. The mode of communications selected by controllers also influenced workload but ghost pilot response type did not. DTIC Pilots; Data Links; Downlinking; Radio Communication 20010099204 Air Force Inst. of Tech., School of Engineering and Management, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA An Objective Evaluation of Four SAR Image Segmentation Algorithms Gregga, Jason B ., Air Force Inst. of Tech., USA; Mar. 20, 2001; 123p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A391936; AFIT/GE/ENG/01M-12; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A06, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche Because of the large number of SAR images the Air Force generates and the dwindling number of available human analysts, automated methods must be developed. A key step towards automated SAR image analysis is image segmentation. There are many segmentation algorithms, but they have not been tested on a common set of images, and there are no standard test methods. This thesis evaluates four SAR image segmentation algorithms by running them on a common set of data and objectively comparing them to each other and to human segmentors. This objective comparison uses a multi-metric a approach with a set of master segmentations as ground truth. The metric results are compared to a Human Threshold, which defines performance of human se mentors compared to the master segmentations. Also, methods that use the multi-metrics to determine the best algorithm are developed. These methods show that of the four algorithms, Statistical Curve Evolution produces the best segmentations; 43
however, none of the algorithms are superior to human segmentors. Thus, with the Human Threshold and Statistical Curve Evolution as benchmarks, this thesis establishes a new and practical framework for testing SAR image segmentation algorithms. DTIC Algorithms; Synthetic Aperture Radar; Automatic Control; Image Analysis; Radar Imagery 20010099206 Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Communications Div., Salisbury, Australia Implementation of Call Activity Detection for ATM Voice Services in Project Parakeet Blair, W. D.; Reynolds, A. B.; Mar. 2001; 38p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A392271; DSTO-TR-1149; DODA-AR-011-861; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) has been introduced into the land tactical communications system (specifically the Parakeet system) and offers the potential for increasing the effectiveness of the communications trunks by dynamically sharing the capacity between competing demands. Such a capability has been limited in respect of the trunks between the Parakeet circuit switches since Parakeet uses military standard protocols that do not integrate easily with the civil standard ATM. The Parakeet Adaptive Rate ATM Trunk (PARAT) was conceived to overcome this interface problem. The PARAT offers substantially improved data communications performance where lulls in voice usage can be exploited by data services sharing the ATM link. This report describes PARAT, in particular the mechanism to identify the moment-to-moment capacity requirements of the Parakeet inter-switch trunk and the method of carrying the variable bit rate stream over ATM. DTIC Asynchronous Transfer Mode; Data Transmission 20010099214 Emergent Information Technologies-East, Vienna, VA USA Capturing the Effects of C4I in a Campaign Context: A Practical Approach to Calibrating Analytical Simulations Final Report, Jun. 1999 - Dec. 2000 Jablunovsky, Gregory, Emergent Information Technologies-East, USA; Morgan, Garth, Emergent Information Technologies-East, USA; Barger, Millard, Emergent Information Technologies-East, USA; Krupp, Joseph, Emergent Information Technologies-East, USA; Southan, Glenn, Emergent Information Technologies-East, USA; June 2001; 37p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F30602-99-C-0053; AF Proj. 459S Report No.(s): AD-A393034; AFRL-IF-RS-TR-2001-115; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Microfiche; A03, Hardcopy The Air Force modeling and simulation community needs improved capabilities for measuring the effectiveness of command and control (C2) networks and processes in campaign-level analyses. A major modeling problem is capturing complex relationships between C2 network states and performance in a manner that is both traceable to empirical evidence and available in the timeframe required by an analytical simulation. Neural network technology offers a model abstraction technique with the potential to meet these criteria. Here campaign-level cause and effect relationships are captured using a custom neural network to help determine the effects of C2 network states on military operations. This neural network sub-model was then integrated into the Air Force 5 THUNDER simulation as a proof-of-concept. The resulting simulation showed sensitivity to state changes as provided by the neural network. In contrast to other C2 abstraction techniques, this neural network implementation was more credible because its values were directly derived from, and therefore more clearly traceable to, source data. DTIC Neural Nets; Calibrating; Numerical Analysis; Computerized Simulation; Command and Control 20010099428 Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Information Technology Div., Salisbury, Australia Aspects of Command and Control System Vulnerability Analysis Warren, Lewis; Mar. 2001; 30p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A392274; DSTO-TR-1123; DODA-AR-011-807; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche This report describes several different approaches to Command and Control System vulnerability analysis. The focus is on practical heuristics that can be used without a significant loss of accuracy. Topics covered are qualitative criticality evaluation of C2 nodes, identification of degradation sources, and dependability evaluation of digital C2 support systems. The use of the possibility measure for data with higher-order uncertainty forms is discussed, and dependability results using the possibility measure are contrasted with those of probabilistic methods. DTIC Command and Control; Heuristic Methods; Digital Systems 44
20010099430 NASA Goddard Inst. for Space Studies, New York, NY USA Determination of Top-of-Atmosphere Longwave Radiative Fluxes: A Comparison Between Two Approaches Using ScaRaB Data Chen, Ting, NASA Goddard Inst. for Space Studies, USA; Rossow, William B., NASA Goddard Inst. for Space Studies, USA; Jul. 01, 2001; 55p; In English Report No.(s): GCN-01-35; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Two conceptually different approaches (broadband-based ERBE and narrowband-based ISCCP approaches), used to derive the TOA longwave radiative fluxes, are compared using the ScaRaB simultaneous narrowband and broadband measurements. This study directly shows that the ERBE MLE-derived cloud covers implicitly contain some information on the cloud optical properties. A spurious view-zenith-angle dependence of the MLE scene identification scheme is confirmed by this study. Except for very thin cirrus clouds, differences between the ERBE and ISCCP approaches are in general is less than 10 W/sq m for the TOA LW radiative fluxes. For clear pixels, the model calculated (ISCCP approach) TOA LW radiances are systematically smaller than the observations. Though the bias is found to be correlated on the column precipitable water amount, the exact source of this discrepancy remains undetermined and merits further study. Compared with the radiative transfer model used in this study, the ERBE LW ADMs are too weakly limb-darkened for optically thin clouds, but too strongly limb-darkened for optically thick clouds, indicating that more accurate instantaneous TOA LW flux estimations from the ERBE approach would require additional cloud classes based on cloud height and optical thickness. Author Radiative Transfer; Cloud Height Indicators; Broadband; Climatology; Cloud Physics; Clouds (Meteorology); Narrowband 20010099583 Army Communications-Electronics Command, Fort Monmouth, NJ USA Army Communications Science & Technology for the Objective Force Fiuza, Antonio; Jun. 20, 2001; 18p; In English; Proceedings from Armaments for the Army Transformation Conference, 18-20 June 2001 sponsored by NDIA. Contains viewgraphs only. Report No.(s): AD-A393748; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche These viewgraphs contain information on Army communications in science and technology and development philosophy. DTIC Research and Development; Command and Control; Communication; Technology Assessment; Armed Forces (USA) 20010099589 Chicago Univ., Chicago, IL USA Developing an Automated Preoperative Assessment Final Report Mingay, D. J., Chicago Univ., USA; Sep. 29, 2000; 32p; In English Report No.(s): PB2001-107595; AHRQ/2001-70; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Microfiche; A03, Hardcopy The project sought to identify methods of improving the completion rate, reporting accuracy, and patient satisfaction, when an interactive voice response (IVR) system was used to administer a preoperative voice response (IVR) system was to administer a preoperative questionnaire to patients. After a literature review of the used if IVR systems to administer questionnaires, five experiments were conducted. Experiment 1 sought to determine which keys on the telephone keypad were most appropriate. Experiment 2 examined subjects knowledge of the names of the keys 0, (star) and (number sign) to determine whether, when using these keys, it is only necessary to name them. Experiment 3 used focus groups to explore patients experience with taking IVR HealthQuiz to identify methods of improving task performance and satisfaction. In Experiment 4 patients who did not take IVR HealthQuiz were debriefed to determine the reasons. Experiment 5 examined two alternative methods for providing the instrument to patients to determine which lead to the highest completion rate. NTIS Procedures; Human Performance; Symbols; Surgical Instruments 20010099682 PAMAM-Human Factors Engineering (1989) Ltd., Hod Hasharon, Israel Content Validity Requirements for Simulated Sensor Imagery Final Report, Jan. - Sep. 2000 Brickner, Michael S.; Oettinger, Ayelet; Sep. 2000; 62p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F61775-99-W-E085 Report No.(s): AD-A393014; EOARD-SPC-99-4085; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche This report results from a contract tasking PAMAM as follows: The contractor will plan, design, conduct, analyze and report on human effectiveness studies directed at establishing the dimensions of fidelity for employing simulated, multi-sensor imagery 45
in support of target acquisition tasks. Simulated imagery will be compared against actual sensor imagery of equivalent image quality and resolution. DTIC Synthetic Aperture Radar; FLIR Detectors; Simulation; Images; Image Processing; Target Acquisition; Imagery 20010099693 Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Surveillance Systems Div., Salisbury, Australia The Spectrum of Electromagnetic Scatter from an Ensemble of Bodies with Angular Periodicity, as a Model for Jet Engine Modulation Cashman, John; Mar. 2001; 59p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A392294; DSTO-GD-0272; DODA-AR-011-713; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche A rotating ensemble of bodies of arbitrary shape with angular periodicity scatters an electromagnetic wave to produce a spectrum of frequency components characteristic of the structure and its rotation. The spectrum and its properties are predicted through electromagnetic field theory. The theory has been developed such as to exploit the angular periodicity and therefore reduce the computational load by a large factor. A consequence of the approach is that the spectrum is found directly. Many of the predictions have been confirmed by direct computation of the scattered field for a series of rotational positions to simulate a time series, followed by a discrete Fourier transforming to produce the spectrum. DTIC Electromagnetic Fields; Radar Cross Sections; Electromagnetism; Time Series Analysis; Periodic Variations 20010100106 Telecommunications Research Inst., Warsaw, Poland Fundamentals of Bistatic Radar Polarimetry Using the Poincare Sphere Transformations Final Report, May 2000 - Jun. 2001 Czyz, Zbigniew H.; Jun. 01, 2001; 247p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-00-1-0620; Proj. 00PR06427-00; Proj. 01PR07224 Report No.(s): AD-A393299; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A11, Hardcopy; A03, Microfiche The polarization phasor approach has been applied to the theory of radar polarimetry. It is based on introduction of two mutually conjugate 2-dim. complex spaces of the polarization and phase (PP) vectors and on application of the matrix calculus to the transmission equations when using the exactly defined PP bases. The PP vectors of waves and antennas, including their PP basis vectors, are considered as phasors tangent to the polarization sphere. Owing to that approach simple canonical forms of bistatic scattering matrices and their Poincare sphere geometrical models have been obtained. It has been shown how such models, demonstrating the way of polarization and phase transformation when scattering, may be useful in various practical applications like target recognition and classification by extraction from scattering matrices parameters independent of the polarization basis. They enable also polarimetric analysis of microwave networks and can be used to synthesize scattering or propagation matrices of desired polarimetric properties. DTIC Polarimetry; Poincare Spheres; Multistatic Radar; Phase Transformations; Polarization (Waves) 20010100238 Air Force Inst. of Tech., School of Engineering and Management, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Characterization and Validation of the GP-3 Experimental Radar System Crossley, Benjamin L., Air Force Inst. of Tech., USA; March 2001; 90p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A391892; AFIT/GE/ENG/01M-06; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A05, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche The experimental GP-3 radar system was originally designed and built under contract for the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL). AFRL sought AFITs support in characterizing the DTIC Radar Equipment; Proving; Superhigh Frequencies; Experimentation; Design Analysis 20010100392 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA Measurement of Attenuation with Airborne and Ground-Based Radar in Convective Storms Over Land and Its Microphysical Implications Tian, Lin, Maryland Univ. Baltimore County, USA; Heymsfield, G. M., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Srivastava, R. C., Chicago Univ., USA; [2001]; 57p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAG5-4777; RTOP 621-15-46; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche 46
Observations by the airborne X-band Doppler radar (EDOP) and the NCAR S-band polarimetric (S-POL) radar from two field experiments are used to evaluate the Surface refercnce technique (SRT) for measuring the path integrated attenuation (PIA) and to study attenuation in deep convective storms. The EDOP, flying at an altitude of 20 km, uses a nadir beam and a forward pointing beam. It is found that over land, the surface scattering cross-section is highly variable at nadir incidence but relatively stable at forward incidence. It is concluded that measurement by the forward beam provides a viable technique for measuring PIA using the SRT. Vertical profiles of peak attenuation coefficient are derived in vxo deep convective storms by the dual-wavelength method. Using the measured Doppler velocity, the reflectivities at. the two wavelengths, the differential reflectivity and the estimated attenuation coefficients, it is shown that: supercooled drops and dry ice particles probably co-existed above the melting level in regions of updraft, that water-coated partially melted ice particles probably contributed to high attenuation below the melting level, and that the data are not readil~ explained in terms of a gamma function raindrop size distribution. Author Doppler Radar; Attenuation Coefficients; Meteorological Radar; Storms (Meteorology); Beams (Radiation)
20010100505 General Accounting Office, Washington, DC USA Electronic Warfare: The Army Can Reduce Its Risks in Developing New Radar Countermeasures System April 2001; 20p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A389251; GAO-01-448; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Microfiche; A03, Hardcopy The Army is in the process of acquiring a new, state-of-the-art radar countermeasures system called the Suite of Integrated Radio Frequency Countermeasures to enable its helicopters and other aircraft to identify, track, and defeat radar-guided missiles in complex electronic environments where many radar systems could be operating simultaneously. Customers for the system include the Armys Apache helicopter and the Air Forces Special Operations CV-22 tilt-rotor aircraft. When the Army began developing the new system in 1994, low-rate initial production was originally scheduled to begin in 1999 and full-rate production in 2001. In 1999, the Army restructured the program to provide more time and money for serious developmental problems uncovered during testing. The Army has delayed the low-rate initial production decision to 2002 and the full-rate production decision to 2003. The systems overall development cost has increased from $54 million to a projected $127 million. Because of the developmental problems with the new radar countermeasures system, we reviewed the Armys acquisition program to determine whether it will provide decision-makers with sufficient knowledge about the systems readiness to begin low-rate initial production. DTIC Countermeasures; Electronic Warfare; Operational Problems
20010101028 Mississippi Univ., Dept. of Electrical Engineering, University, MS USA Analysis of Rectangular Dielectric Resonator Antennas Excited through a Slot over a Finite Ground Plane Shin, Joon; Kishk, Ahmed A.; Glisson, Allen W.; Jan. 2000; 5p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAG55-98-1-0308 Report No.(s): AD-A392106; ARO-37823.3-EL-DPS; ISBN 0-7803-6369-8; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Recently, the Dielectric Resonator Antenna (DRA) radiating element has been the subject of considerable interest due to its small size and high efficiency. The rigorous analysis of DRA elements, however, has been largely restricted to rotationally symmetric shapes. Other shapes have been analyzed, however, often based on an infinite ground plane assumption which restricts the use of the DRA as a single element for some applications that require finite size ground plane. Various numerical techniques have been used in the analysis of the DRA. The spherical mode expansion was used to analyze a hemispherical DRA. The Surface Integral Equation with the Method of Moments (SIE/MoM) has been used to analyze a rotationally symmetric DRA. The modal expansion method with some approximation was used in to analyze the rectangular DRA, and the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method has been used to analyze a rectangular DRA and cylindrical DRA with a staircased cell approximation. Here the rectangular DRA is considered over a finite ground plane with a microstrip slot excitation. The SIE/MoM is used with the RWG triangle basis function expansion. Using the triangle basis functions allows modeling of arbitrarily shaped objects. Also, the FDTD method is used to analyze the same problem for the purpose of verifying both methods. The effect of the ground plane size and the dielectric substrate truncation is studied. DTIC Dielectrics; Resonators; Antenna Radiation Patterns; Numerical Analysis; Shapes; Method of Moments 47
20010101035 New Mexico Inst. of Mining and Technology, Socorro, NM USA Radar and Infrared Sensors for Landmine Detection Final Report, 31 Mar. 2000-31 Jul. 2001 Borchers, Brian, New Mexico Inst. of Mining and Technology, USA; Jun. 30, 2001; 3p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAD19-00-1-0117 Report No.(s): AD-A392419; ARO-40730.3-EV-RIP; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche In this project, sensors for land mine detection research were purchased. The sensors included a ground penetrating radar system operating at 1200 Mhz, as well as a long wave IR camera. A weather station and time domain reflectometry system for monitoring soil water content were also purchased. The sensors have been used in support of an ongoing research program in modeling soil physical properties and their effect on the performance IR and GPR sensors for landmine detection. Data from the IR camera and GPR system, in conjunction with soil water content measurements have been used to help validate theoretical models of the performance of the IR and GPR sensors for landmine detection. The IR camera and GPR system have also been mounted on a mobile robot. This robot is under development within the electrical engineering department at New Mexico Tech. DTIC Mine Detectors; Infrared Detectors; Ground Penetrating Radar; Weather Stations; Soil Science; Moisture Content; Robots; Mines (Ordnance); Radar Tracking 20010101158 Naval War Coll., Newport, RI USA Complexity at the Battle of Midway: Implications for Network-Centric Warfare Final Report Logan, Charles J.; May 18, 2001; 23p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A393506; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche The lessons of the battle of Midway are relevant to the U.S. Navys effort to implement network-centric warfare. Japanese forces at the battle were superior to those of the USA both in number and quality. Both forces employed the same technology and similar tactics. The margin of U.S. victory was superior intelligence, and command and control that relied on the initiative of subordinates to self-organize to defeat the enemy. U.S. execution of the Midway battle plan exemplified the tenets of shared awareness, speed of command, and self-synchronization to meet the commanders intent that will underpin the network-centric Navy. The U.S. Navy must adapt its concept of command and control to realize fully the benefits of network-centric operations. Navy doctrine should more explicitly recognize that its fighting forces are a complex adaptive system and command them as such. Control should become less rather than more centralized as the result of more information. The commanders intent will become even more important as subordinate levels of command gain more information and power to influence the battle. The principles of war, particularly simplicity, will retain their importance in the network-centric environment. DTIC Command and Control; Complex Systems; Warfare 20010102926 Naval War Coll., Newport, RI USA Joint Airborne Communication Electronic Attack Final Report Bergman, Robert G.; May 18, 2001; 16p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A393532; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Communications Electronic Attack from the air is a vital mission that, to be successful, requires an immense amount of coordination at the operational and tactical level. Great gains have been made in recent years in the area of tactical coordination between Air Force and Navy collection and jamming platforms. At the operational level, however, there is no doctrine governing organizing, planning, or executing this mission. The JFC is generally forced into throwing together some folks to worry about the finer details. As is usually the case, the mission gets done, but the DTIC Aircraft Communication; Airborne Equipment; Jamming; Intelligence 20010103074 Air Univ., School of Advanced Airpower Studies, Maxwell AFB, AL USA Adaptive Command and Control of Theater Air Power Gerber, David K.; Jun. 1997; 200p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A391859; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A09, Hardcopy; A03, Microfiche The Air Force doctrinally advocates centralized command and control with decentralized execution as the best means to concentrate force on any facet of an enemys power. Although there are historical examples of effective command and control that has been less centralized, Air Force views decentralization as the cause of inefficient and suboptimal use of air power. Trends in modern business, government, economics, science, and computer and communications systems suggest that it is appropriate to develop predominantly decentralized command and control methods to enhance the current doctrine. This study constructs a 48
decentralized vision of command and control which, together with current centralized methods, provides theater air commanders with a full spectrum of options. Two broad-based tools assist the development of the expanded spectrum of command and control options. First, this study develops a conceptual framework describes eight interconnected subject areas to consider in describing a command and control system. Second, this study describes the new science of complexity theory which provides interdisciplinary viewpoints to assess and enhance the adaptability and responsiveness of command and control. Juxtaposing the conceptual framework and complexity theory shows numerous intuitive connections between the two tools. Using the conceptual framework, the study describes the current archetype of centralized command and control through an organization built around a theater air operations center. Then, using complexity theory and other related sources, the study constructs a predominantly decentralized command and control system characterized by a networked hierarchical organization. DTIC Adaptive Control; Command and Control; Interprocessor Communication 20010103251 Naval Research Lab., Washington, DC USA A Stacked Analog-to-Digital Converter for Increased Radar Signal Processor Dynamic Range Interim Report, 1 Oct. 1999-30 Sep. 2000 Gregers-Hansen, Vilhelm; Brockett, Steven M.; Cahill, Patrick E.; Cheung, Win-Jou; Jun. 05, 2001; 29p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N0002401WRA0256 Report No.(s): AD-A391707; NRL/FR/5306--01-9981; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche The need for increased dynamic range at the input to the radar digital signal processor has increased steadily over the last decade or so. This has been the result of lower expected radar cross sections, the need for better clutter suppression, and the desire to operate without sensitivity time control (STC) in some radar applications. The analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is the most significant bottleneck in achieving this needed dynamic range performance. In this report, an approach for improving effective dynamic range using multiple ADCs is described. The ADCs are arranged in parallel channels with different gains and the approach is referred to as a Stacked Analog-to-Digital Convener, or Stacked ADC, in this report. Detailed results are presented for an experimental system assembled to demonstrate and evaluate the concept. DTIC Analog to Digital Converters; Dynamic Range; Digital Systems; Radar Range; Radar Cross Sections; Signal Processing 20010103561 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USA Analysis of M-JPEG Video Over an ATM Network Kinney, Albert C.; Jun. 2001; 105p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A392117; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A06, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche With the emergence of a network-centric philosophy of military operations, the behavior of video applications over resource-constrained information networks is of increasing interest in the development of future naval information systems. This thesis analyzes the impact of compression, delay variance, and channel noise on perceived networked video quality using commercially available off-the-shelf equipment and software. An experimental setup for packet video is developed for quantitative and qualitative analysis of Motion JPEG video transmitted over a constrained Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) network. Bandwidth profile analysis for various types of video points out the impracticality of ATM bandwidth and cell delay management algorithms for mainstream video applications, such as entertainment and distance learning. Additionally, functional limitations of individual system components are identified for consideration in the planning of future experimental work. DTIC Asynchronous Transfer Mode; Video Signals; Computer Programs; Information Systems; Military Operations 20010103568 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USA Localization of Wireless Communication Emitters Using Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) Methods in Noisy Channels Mantis, Spiros D.; Jun. 2001; 115p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A392075; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A06, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche The ability to provide position information of wireless emitters comprises a very important communication tool and has extremely valuable applications to military as well as civilian life. GSM is the most popular method of modulation adopted around the world, for mobile telephony. This thesis is focused on the Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) estimation, applied to GSM signals, in noisy channels. Improvements in denoising, in conjunction with wavelet processing, are proposed for estimating the TDOA of signals received at two spatially separated sensors. Wavelet denoising based on a modified maximum likelihood method and a higher order moment method is proposed, to improve the performance. A numerical evaluation of the methods, when unequal SNR conditions prevail, is presented. The performance of the proposed denoising methods in a jamming environment 49
is also addressed. Simple excision schemes to improve the performance when jamming is present, are evaluated. Simulation results indicate good performance of the methods and improved estimates relative to the ones obtained using no denoising. Jamming presence degrades the performance but still the extracted estimates are improved. DTIC Maximum Likelihood Estimates; Emitters; Method of Moments; Wireless Communication; Time Response
20010103785 Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Weapons Systems Div., Fishermans Bend, Australia An Experimental and Numerical Study of IR Emission from a Porous Radiant Burner Christo, Farid C.; Krishnamoorthy, Lakshmanan V.; May 2001; 43p; In English; Original contains color plates Report No.(s): AD-A393145; DSTO-TR-1154; DODA-AR-011-870; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche An experimental analysis and computational modelling of thermal radiation from an INCONEL601 wire-mesh porous burner has been conducted. It has been found that within a bandwidth between 2 micrometers and 20 micrometers, the infrared radiation in the 2-5 micrometers waveband is the dominant band. Optimal operating conditions, as determined by the surface temperature and radiant intensity, are a function of the equivalence ratio and the firing rate. The location of the flame front is also influenced by these parameters. For fuel-rich mixtures the flame is usually located above the surface and the flame stability is sensitive to external perturbations. A maximum surface temperature of approximately 1223K, and a radiation intensity of 50 W/SR, has been measured. It has also been shown that INCONEL601, despite its high emissivity, can be used as an effective radiation shield. by placing a piece of the wire-mesh in front of burning MTV pyrotechnic composition, the infrared radiation was significantly reduced. The equivalent black body temperature of MTV was cut from 1900 deg C without a shield to 1400 deg C with a shield adjacent to the mixture. A comparison between the ChemRad model predictions and measured surface temperature for various equivalence ratios has shown a reasonable agreement with a maximum discrepancy of 16% for fuel-rich mixtures. However, within optimal operating conditions of the burner (equivalence ratio 0.8-1) a maximum difference of 8% has been observed. Accounting for the variability in the measurements, the number of simplifying assumptions and the uncertainty in some values of the physical and optical properties, the accuracy and consistence of the model, as a first-order approximation is acceptable. DTIC Infrared Radiation; Porous Materials; Radiant Flux Density; Numerical Analysis; Emissivity
20010103789 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USA Shipboard Wireless Network Applications Ly, Tung T.; Jun. 2001; 125p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A392074; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A06, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche Recently, the need to leverage technologies for better utilizing valuable personnel resources has become more important Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) have been shown to be an enabling technology that allows companies in commercial industry to become more productive Research has been conducted at the Naval Postgraduate School to determine how this technology can be utilized to help the Navy perform shipboard operations more efficiently. Continuing the work of previous theses at NPS, the objective of this thesis is threefold, First, WLAN standards are examined, Second, laboratory tests are conducted to determine the performance of WLANs in which access points are configured as radio repeaters. Finally, a web-based application is developed for shipboard gage calibrations. The application automates major portion of gage calibration process by allowing technicians to submit and to view the calibration results using a web browser through wired or wireless LANs. Testing results show that the access points from certain vendors are able to operate as radio repeaters and still provide adequate performed repeater functionality is not specified in IEEE 801.11 standards, and its implementation is vendor specific. Demonstration of the web-based gage calibration application shows that it is effective in improving calibration efficiency. DTIC Local Area Networks; Technology Assessment; Ships; Communication Networks
20010104058 Advanced Simulation Technology, Inc., Herndon, VA USA Three-Dimensional Audio in the Vetronics Technology Testbed Euerle, Steve, Advanced Simulation Technology, Inc., USA; May 31, 2001; 15p; In English; Proceedings from 2001 Vehicle Technologies Symposium - Intelligent Systems for the Objective Force, 29-31 May 2001, USA Report No.(s): AD-A393830; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche 50
Presentation given at the 2001 Vehicle Technologies Symposium, 29-31 May 2001, sponsored by the National Defense Industrial Association. DTIC Conferences; Three Dimensional Models; Audio Data; Military Vehicles
20010104070 Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Lab. for Information and Decision Systems, Cambridge, MA USA Environments for Modeling and Simulation of Complex Systems Final Report, 17 Jun. 1996 - 18 Jun. 1997 Mitter, Sanjoy K.; Jun. 13, 1998; 5p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAH04-96-1-0272 Report No.(s): AD-A393494; ARO-36129.1-MA-RIP; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Funds allocated has been used to acquire equipment to support research on the following themes: (1) Research on Perceptual Systems especially Image Analysis and vision and the Integration of Language and Vision. (2) Increasingly systems are being built which consist or networks of communication. control and computational systems and which interact with the physical world through networks of sensors end actuators. The equipment is being used to support computational work related to this research. DTIC Complex Systems; Communication Networks; Computerized Simulation; Image Analysis; Mathematical Models
20010104652 Oak Ridge National Lab., TN USA Impact of Communication Protocol on Performances Worley, P. H.; Jun. 15, 1998; 12p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-771544; P00-105919; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche On previous generation MPP systems, interprocessor communication often represented a significant fraction of the runtime of production parallel codes, and often represented a significant fraction of the runtime of production parallel codes, and the choice of communication transport layer and communication protocol were important steps in porting and tuning application codes. Processor, network, and transport layer performance continue to improve, and the sensitivity of performance to these implementation issues needs to be reexamined. NTIS Interprocessor Communication; Selection; Tuning
20010104672 RAND Corp., Arroyo Center, Santa Monica, CA USA Freeing Mercury Wings: Improving Tactical Communications in Cities Edwards, Sean J.; Jan. 2001; 80p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DASW01-01-C-0003 Report No.(s): AD-A393720; RAND/MR-1316-A; ISBN 0-8330-3005-1; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A05, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche The objective of this monograph is to highlight ways to improve command, control, and communications in military urban operations. In particular, this research should be of interest to those concerned about communication problems facing dismounted infantrymen in urban environments. The information cutoff date is September 17, 2000. This research was conducted for a project on Military Operations on Urbanized Terrain, sponsored by the Assistant Secretary of the Army (Acquisition, Logistics, and Technology). It was carried out in the Force Development and Technology Program of RAND Arroyo Center, a federally funded research and development center sponsored by the USA Army. DTIC Radiotelephones; Command and Control; Communication; Cities
20010104946 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USA Quantum Cryptography for Secure Satellite Communications Hughes, R. J.; Buttler, W. T.; Jan. 01, 2000; 13p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-763258; LA-UR-00-78; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche Quantum cryptography is an emerging technology in which two parties may simultaneously generate shared, secret cryptographic key material using the transmission of quantum states of light. The security of these transmissions is based on the inviolability of the laws of quantum mechanics and information-theoretically secure post-processing methods. An adversary can 51
neither successfully tap the quantum transmissions, nor evade detection, owing to Heisenbergs uncertainty principle. In this paper we have demonstrated the feasibility of quantum key generation over a point-to-point outdoor atmospheric path in daylight. NTIS Cryptography; Computer Networks; Quantum Cryptography; Satellite Communication
20010105467 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USA Virtual Bandwidth via Stochastic Polyspectra Wolinsky, M.; Vixie, K.; Sep. 01, 2000; 10p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-764173; LA-UR-00-4545; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche This is the final report of a three-year, Laboratory-Directed Research and Development (LDRD) project at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). The work funded by this grant addresses theoretical issues pertaining to potential applications of higher-order spectra (polyspectra) for communications and measurement. Although the sensitivity to additive Gaussian noise provided a motive for our interest in the bispectrum, the research done here focused on the ability of the bispectrum to see outside the Nyquist interval. The main contribution of this work is a new understanding of the everyday phenomenon of aliasing that is described below. The second contribution this work makes is significant, though limited, progress in understanding the joint realizability, conditions for spectra and bispectra. A third contribution, which arose in efforts to broaden our results on joint realizability, is the awareness that a very common inequality, used to normalize the bispectrum, is invalid. This result has considerable significance for the practical use of the bispectrum. NTIS Stochastic Processes; Bandwidth; Random Noise; Inequalities
33 ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Includes development, performance, and maintainability of electrical/electronic devices and components; related test equipment. and microelectronics and integrated circuitry. For related information see also 60 Computer Operations and Hardware; and 76 SolidState Physics. For communications equipment and devices see 32 Communications and Radar.
20010099514 Iowa Univ., Iowa City, IA USA Lasing and Electro-Optic Properties of Quantum-Confined Structures Grown on Novel Index Surfaces Final Report, 1 Jul. 1998 - 30 Jun. 2001 Smirl, Arthur L.; Jun. 2001; 149p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAG55-98-1-0436 Report No.(s): AD-A392436; ARO-38888.11-EL; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A07, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche The broad objective on this project is to investigate the unique optical and optoelectronic properties of 110, 111 and 112-oriented multiple quantum wells (MQWs) and to study the ways in which strain and external optical fields can introduce crystallographic dependences to the optical properties of otherwise isotropic materials. Toward this end, we have demonstrated that dual-channel spectral interferometric techniques can be used to measure the amplitude, phase and polarization state of extremely weak ultrafast coherent emission from MQWs. The vectorial dynamics of the coherent four-wave mixing emission are found to exhibit systematic variations with excitation fluence, time delay between incident pulses, the tuning of the laser wavelength, and the orientation of the input polarizations. This time-dependent polarization state indicates that the pump pulses have induced dynamic anisotropies in the sample. From these anisotropies, a self consistent picture of the excitonic and carrier dynamics is obtained that delineates the roles of the various many body effects. These studies demonstrate that time-resolved polarimetry is an extremely sensitive way to study many body effects and that the vectorial dynamics contain essential information about quantum interference and optical anisotropies that would be difficult to obtain in any other way. This should make these techniques extremely useful in probing strained MQWs and semiconductors grown in unconventional directions, such as quantum dots. In addition, we are now using the coherent anisotropies and many body vectorial dynamics studied here to make high-speed high-contrast polarization sensitive modulators. DTIC Crystallography; Quantum Wells; Optical Properties; Electro-Optics; Lasers; Lasing 52
20010099580 Palisades Inst. for Research Services, Inc., Arlington, VA USA Technical Support and Advisory and Assistance Services (A&AS) for the Advisory Group on Electron Devices (AGED) and the Defense Science and Technology Reliance Final Report, 5 Feb. 1997-30 Sep. 2000 Cohen, Elliot; Apr. 2001; 227p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F33615-97-C-1007; AF Proj. 2202 Report No.(s): AD-A393733; AFRL-SN-WP-TR-2001-1037; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A11, Hardcopy; A03, Microfiche Palisades provided technical (scientific and economic) assessments of government industrial, and academic programs and management/administrative recommendations for efforts related to electronics in support of the Advisory Group on Electron Devices (AGED). This support included preparing a substantial amount of briefing material for use by the executive director of AGED during technical area review and assessment (TARA) meetings. DTIC Technology Assessment; Programs; Electronic Equipment; Economic Analysis; Research Management
20010099585 Army Tank-Automotive Research and Development Command, Warren, MI USA Vehicle Electronic Architecture Patel, Rakesh; May 30, 2001; 22p; In English; Proceedings from the 2001 Vehicle Technologies Symposium - Intelligent Systems for the Objective Force, 29-31 May 2001. Sponsored by NDIA. Viewgraphs only. Report No.(s): AD-A393764; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Presentation given at the 2001 Vehicle Technologies Symposium, 29-31 May, 2001, and sponsored by the National Defense Industrial Association (NDIA). DTIC Conferences; Military Technology; Surface Vehicles; Control Equipment
20010099874 Department of the Navy, Washington, DC USA Frequency-Tunable Notch Filter Rauscher, Christen, Inventor; Jun. 12, 2000; 27p; In English Patent Info.: Filed 12 Jun. 2000; US-Patent-Appl-SN-09,874,429 Report No.(s): AD-D019949; No Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity (Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)), Microfiche A new type of frequency-tunable active notch filter achieves frequency selectivity through interaction among input derived signal components that are passed through parallel signal channels in a forward-only direction. The notch filter differs from earlier channelized notch filters by using multiple, instead of just one, bandpass channels that maintain required forward signal flow in the main, passband-determining signal path without signal distortion at passband frequencies. The new approach has been experimentally verified with a hybrid- integrated three-channel filter whose 40-dB-deep band-reject notch can be continuously tuned, with the help of voltage-controlled variable-capacitance elements, from 9.5 to 10.5 GHz. A single-pole bandpass filter tunes in frequency with the help of only one variable capacitance element, yet still maintains constant passband width across the tuning span. One feature of the bandpass filter is the achievement of constant notch bandwidth across the entire frequency-tuning span of the notch filter. DTIC Patent Applications; Bandstop Filters; Tunable Filters
20010099940 Army Research Lab., Sensors Directorate, Adelphi, MD USA Antenna Transient Compensation Final Report Tesny, N.; Litz, M.; Dilks, L.; Conrad, D.; Jul. 2001; 52p; In English; Original contains color plates Report No.(s): AD-A393693; ARL-TR-2229; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche An automated method has been implemented in MATLAB(registered) to compensate for signal dispersion in antenna structures. We have explored postprocessing techniques that involve frequency transforms and deconvolution. The method has been applied to transient signals measured from a variety of different antennas and impulse sources. The technique has proved to be a valuable tool in reconstructing fast transient signals with inexpensive high-gain log-periodic antennas instead of more expensive, high fidelity wideband horns. DTIC Frequency Division Multiplexing; Log Periodic Antennas; Antenna Components; Antenna Arrays; Frequencies 53
20010099942 Michigan Univ., Dearborn, MI USA The Vetronics Institute Richardson, Paul; May 29, 2001; 9p; In English; Proceedings from the 2001 Vehicle Technologies Symposium - Intelligent Systems for the Objective Force, 29-31 May 2001. Sponsored by NDIA. Viewgraphs only. Report No.(s): AD-A393765; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Presentation given at the 2001 Vehicle Technologies Symposium, 29-31 May, 2001, and sponsored by the National Defense Industrial Association. DTIC Conferences; Systems Integration; Military Vehicles; Systems Engineering 20010100114 Johannes Kepler Univ., Linz Austria 10TH International Conference on Modulated Semiconductor Structures Jul. 2001; 378p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N68171-01-M-5939 Report No.(s): AD-A393658; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A17, Hardcopy; A03, Microfiche Collection of the abstracts from presentations given at the Tenth International Conference on Modulated Semiconductor Structures held at Johannes Kepler University, in Linz, Austria, 23-27 July 2001. DTIC Solid State Lasers; Quantum Wells; Semiconductor Devices; Molecular Electronics; Nanotechnology 20010100130 Naval Academy, Annapolis, MD USA The Use MEMS to Detect Vibrations Associated With Abnormal Scroll Compressor Operation Roman, Kenneth M.; May 03, 2000; 78p; In English; Original contains color plates Report No.(s): AD-A392408; USNA-276(2000); No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A05, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche MicroElectroMechanical Systems (MEMs) are silicon microchips that have both electrical and mechanical components. The mechanical components convert mechanical signals to electrical signals for further processing. The application of MEMs technology to compressors is being explored by the National Institute of Standards and Technology for the Copeland Corporation, a manufacturer of scroll compressors. This project investigates the use of MEMs to detect vibrations associated with abnormal scroll compressor operation. The mechanical component on the MEMs is a vibration sensitive micro-cantilever beam with an encapsulated piezoresistor. Results for circuit operability are presented and piezoresistive vibration sensitivities of various length cantilevers are determined. A model for the vibration sensitivity is developed using the dimensions and properties of the piezoresistive cantilevers. A testing technique is developed that can be used to determine sensitivity for any cantilever geometry. The vibration sensitivity model and experimentation are used to identify the most sensitive cantilever design. The value of the piezoresistive coefficient is shown to be 190. This study shows that sensitivity increases with beam length end frequency of vibration. The best length cantilever is 1.6 mm. A shorter length may be acceptable if a built-on amplifier is used. DTIC Microelectromechanical Systems; Vibration Measurement; Compressors 20010100133 North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC USA Novel SiC High Power IC Technology Final Report, 1 Apr. 1998-20 Jun. 2001 Baliga, B. J.; Singh, P. R.; Sonkusale, S.; Venkateswaran, A.; Mehrotra, P.; Jun. 2001; 59p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-98-1-0534; Proj-5288 Report No.(s): AD-A391275; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche The devices used in the military need to be operated at high voltage, high temperature and high frequency. Silicon Carbide is an attractive material for the development of such devices. SiC has the critical field ten times higher than that of the silicon. This implies that lateral RESURF devices made in SIC can support the same breakdown voltage in a much smaller drift length as compared to the silicon devices. In our project we are using the concept of Lateral RESURF device to obtain diodes and MOSFETs having high breakdown and small specific on-resistance From the results of two dimensional numerical simulations on the RESURF devices. It was found that in RESURF diodes high breakdown voltage (>2000V) is possible for the RESURF dose of up to 2 x 10(exp 13)/sq cm, which is 1020 times higher than for silicon devices. Also in LATERAL RESURF MOSFETs high breakdown voltage (>1800) was possible for RESURF dose of up to 1 x 10(exp 13)/sq cm, which is 5-10 times higher than for silicon MOSFETs. The specific on resistance of these devices was found to be less than 100 mohm-sq cm. The vertical channel structure is more suitable for a power device because of higher device density and because of reduction in the electric field crowding in the device. At the same time lateral devices offer simplicity in fabrication. to optimize a Power IC it will be good 54
to have both, vertical and lateral devices. The vertical isolation layer is formed by creating deep level traps through ion implantation of light neutral ions, such as hydrogen and helium. It is demonstrated that the 4H-SiC lateral N-channel MOSFETs and P-channel MOSFETs can be fabricated in the thin active SiC layer formed on top of a high resistivity isolation layer. DTIC Integrated Circuits; Silicon Carbides; Field Effect Transistors; Ion Implantation; Fabrication; Metal Oxide Semiconductors 20010100135 Aerospace Corp., Lab. Operations, El Segundo, CA USA Continuous-Wave 4.3-micrometers Intracavity Difference Frequency Generation in an Optical Parametric Oscillator Chen, D. W.; Masters, K.; May 10, 2001; 6p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F04701-00-C-0009 Report No.(s): AD-A391306; TR-2001(8555)-7; SMC/CA-TR-01-13; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche We have achieved 150 mW of cw output at 4.3 micrometers, using difference frequency mixing in a singly resonant optical parametric oscillator (OPO). We pumped the OPO cavity, which contains periodically poled LiNbO3 (PPLN), with a 14-W 1.06-micrometers Nd:YAG laser to generate a signal at 1.7 micrometers and an idler at 2.8 micrometers. Mixing of the two waves at the same crystal temperature and grating spacing yielded emission in the mid IR. This technique avoids the mid-IR absorption-high-threshold problem, which has limited the cw performance of PPLN OPOs at wavelengths beyond 4 micrometers. Provided that tunability is not required, this method is a simple alternative to multiple-crystal configurations. DTIC Lithium Niobates; Parametric Amplifiers; Oscillators; YAG Lasers; Solid State Lasers; Neodymium Lasers; Continuous Radiation 20010100449 Army Tank-Automotive Research and Development Command, Warren, MI USA Crewmans Associate Advanced Technology Demonstrator Briefing Karjala, Melissa; May 30, 2001; 19p; In English; Proceedings from 2001 Vehicle Technologies Symposium - Intelligent Systems for the Objective Force, 29-31 May 2001. Sponsored by NDIA. Presentation viewgraphs only. Report No.(s): AD-A393805; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Presentation given at the 2001 Vehicle Technologies Symposium, 29-31 May 2001, sponsored by the National Defense Industrial Association. DTIC Conferences; Systems Integration; Military Vehicles; Systems Engineering 20010100495 Etalon, Inc., San Francisco, CA USA Advanced Interferometric Modulators for High Performance Reflective Flat Panel Displays Final Report, 10 Sep. 1998-15 Aug-2000 Miles, Mark W., Etalon, Inc., USA; Sep. 24, 2000; 9p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-98-C-0083 Report No.(s): AD-A389098; AFRL-SR-BL-TR-01-0265; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche This project has focused on the development of several new additions to the class of devices known as Interferometric Modulators or IMods. IMods are MEM structures which, by the incorporation of thin film stacks, utilize the phenomenon of interference to efficiently modulate light. The devices are being developed specifically for application to reflective Flat Panel Displays, though many applications outside this area exist. Three new designs were considered based on their ability to provide improved black and white, and color performance. Two of the designs were eliminated based on the complexity of their fabrication and fundamental processing issues. The third IMod design was evaluated via the fabrication of both static displays (black and white, and full-color) and of black and white test devices. The results were quite encouraging and their generation represents the conclusion of this effort. DTIC Interferometry; Light Modulators 20010100502 Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Gas Turbine Lab., Cambridge, MA USA MEMS-Based Control for Air-Breathing Propulsion Final Report, 15 Aug. 1997-31 Dec. 2001 Tan, Choon S.; Breuer, Kenneth; Corke, Thomas; Bae, Jin-Woo; Bayt, Robert; March 2001; 132p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-97-1-0526 Report No.(s): AD-A389628; AFRL-SR-BL-TR-01-0320; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A07, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche 55
This document constitutes a final report on a research program entitled, MEMS-Based Control for Air-Breathing Propulsion, The overall goal of the program was to demonstrate the active flow control in two areas that could result in improved performance of air-breathing propulsion technologies: tip leakage flows and external jet control DTIC Active Control; Leakage; Microelectromechanical Systems 20010100507 North Carolina Univ., Office of Research, Charlotte, NC USA OMRAM and ODSP Smart Pixel Chipset Development Final Report, 15 Jun. 1995-14 Sep. 1998 Kiamilev, Fouad E., North Carolina Univ., USA; Feb. 20, 2001; 40p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-95-1-0425 Report No.(s): AD-A389224; Rept-2975-95-0115; AFRL-SR-BL-TR-01-0274; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche This research program focused on the development of optoelectronic interconnection networks that combine communication and processing capabilities in network hardware to accelerate distributed computing applications. On the architecture front, we have designed an optoelectronic hardware module that can be used as a building block of smart networks with application-specific performance and cost requirements. A detailed technological comparison between the optoelectronic design and an equivalent advanced electronic MCM implementation was carried out to assess the advantages provided by the optoelectronic solution. The results of our work are incorporated into a prototype optoelectronic switch currently being built at Bell Laboratories, a division of Lucent Technologies. On the hardware front, we have collaborated with Bell Laboratories to demonstrate a 2 kbit, 50 Mpage/s, photonic first-in, first-out page buffer based on CaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum well diodes flip-chip bonded to sub-micron CMOS circuits. This photonic chip provided a number of breakthroughs in the area of optical interconnects, including: first implementation of a hybrid 850 nm GaAs MQW/CMOS VLSI circuit with modulators bonded directly on top of active silicon circuits; first demonstration of a hybrid 850 nm GaAs MQW/CMOS transimpedance transmitter/receiver circuit operating at 375 Mbis/sec with switching energy of is greater than >370 femto-joules; design and implementation of a high-density 2 kbit photonic first-in first-out page buffer circuit with optical input and output functionality; and measurement of ring oscillator circuits loaded with hybrid MQW devices operating at 2 GHz. DTIC Optical Switching; Packet Switching; Optoelectronic Devices 20010100941 Northwestern Univ., Center for Quantum Devices, Evanston, IL USA Investigation of III-Nitride Alloys for Ultraviolet Photodetectors and Blue-Green Lasers Final Report, Jun 1998-May 2001 Aug. 2001; 29p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-98-1-0490 Report No.(s): AD-A393637; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche This AASERT contract was intended to support one graduate and one undergraduate students for three years, with the objective of conducting research work on the growth and characterization of wide bandgap GaN based semiconductors for ultraviolet photodetectors and visible light emitters. The research was directed toward optimizing the metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) growth and characterization of undoped, n-type and p-type doped wide bandgap GaN and AlxGa1-xN semiconductors, for x ranging from 0 to 1, on sapphire substrates. The optical and electrical properties of GaN grown using two different organometallic precursors, TMGa and TEGa, have been compared. The fabrication and characterization of GaN and GaN:Mg MSM photodetectors, with high speed and visible rejection is reported. GaN p-i-n photodiodes with a UV-tovisible rejection ratio of 6 orders of magnitude were demonstrated. The responsivity of these devices was analytically modeled and allowed the extraction of the minority carrier diffusion length for electrons in the p-type GaN material. Highly efficient AlxGa1-xN based visible blind and solar blind p-i-n photodiodes have been demonstrated which cover the widest spectral range ever reported, form 225 to 362 nm. by varying the doping of the GaInN active layer in GaInN/GaN double heterostructures, blue (525 nm) and green (560 nm) light emitting diodes were demonstrated and characterized. DTIC Ultraviolet Detectors; Doped Crystals; Energy Gaps (Solid State); Semiconductors (Materials); Photometers 20010101088 Argonne National Lab., IL USA Novel techniques for improving field dependence in Bi-2223 superconducting tapes at 77 K Lelovic, M.; Koritala, R.; Balachandran, U.; Vo, N.; Selvamanickam, V.; Sep. 27, 2000; 7p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-766301; ANL/ET/CP-102690; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche 56
This paper describes a new method to improve pinning in Bi(sub 2)SR(sub 2)Ca(sub 2)Cu(sub 3)O(sub y) (Bi-2223). Superconducting tapes fabricated by the powder-in-tube technique. In order to use Bi-2223 superconducting tapes for practical applications at liquid nitrogen temperatures, the critical current density (J(sub c)) must be as high as possible under an applied magnetic field. In this work, an attempt was made to increase pinning in Bi-2223 superconducting tapes by creating defects at the interface between a Bi-2223 superconductor and an MgO single crystal. Reference samples showed decreased I(sub c) values in a 0.4T field applied perpendicular to the width of the tape to =4 to 7percent of the I(sub c) value in zero field. With improved pinning, the I(sub c) value in the field decreased to 12 to 20 percent of the I(sub c) value in zero field. Results were compared with in-field performance of high-quality coated YBa(sub 2)Cu(sub 3)O(sub y) (Y-123) tapes, which showed an in-field decrease to =30 percent of the I(sub c) value in zero field. NTIS Fabrication; Magnetic Fields; High Temperature Superconductors; Bismuth Compounds 20010101166 Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, Cambridge, MA USA Nuclear Radiation-Induced Dimensional Changes in Borosilicate Glass Substrates Allred, Clark L.; Aug. 10, 2001; 112p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A393575; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A06, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche A study was made of radiation-induced dimensional changes in Pyrex(Registered) and Hoya SD-2(Registered) glasses. These glasses are used as substrates for MEMS devices employing silicon oscillating beams, and changes in substrate dimension can compromise device performance. Silicon MEMS strain gauges mounted on glass substrates were exposed to gamma doses up to 385 Mrad. The device-substrate differential strain thus measured corresponds to an expansion in the glass following a linear trend with dose of about 5 (+/-4) x 10(exp -15) /rad and 4.5 (+/-0.2) x 10 (exp -14) /rad for Pyrex and Hoya SD-2, respectively. Separate glass samples were irradiated with a neutron fluence composed primarily of thermal neutrons, and a floatation technique was employed to measure the resulting density changes in the glasses alone. Transport of Ions in Matter (TRIM) calculations were performed to relate fast (1MeV) neutron atomic displacement damage to that from boron thermal neutron capture events, and measured density changes in the glass samples were thus proportionally attributed to thermal and fast neutron fluences. Maximum neutron fluences received by glass samples were estimated at 4 x l0(exp 16)n/sq cm thermal and 6 x 10(exp 14)n/sq cm fast. The glasses irradiated with thermal neutrons were found to exhibit linear compaction at a rate of -2.8 x 10(exp -20) per n/sq cm for Pyrex and -1.0 x 10(exp -21) per n/sq cm for Hoya SD-2. For fast neutron fluence, strain rate (per n/sq cm) was also linear: -6.1 x 10(exp -21) for Pyrex and -7.9 x 10(exp -22) for Hoya SD-2. The gamma irradiation strain gauge results cannot be explained by the radiation-induced compaction previously reported for Pyrex, and are thought to result from either changes in glass radiation response caused by the anodic bonding process used to make the MEMS strain gauges or from radiation-assisted creep of the strain gauge anchors. The neutron irradiation results for Pyrex show good agreement with those of previous studies. DTIC Nuclear Radiation; Microelectromechanical Systems; Borosilicate Glass 20010101169 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Design and Testing of a Hydrogen Peroxide Microelectromechanical Systems Thruster Thomas, Michael A.; Dec. 20, 2000; 119p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A393584; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A06, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) fabrication techniques were used to build miniature thrusters from a silicon wafer, drastically reducing the size and volume from conventional techniques. These thrusters incorporate a catalyst within the wafer and are therefore reusable. This project was the first known effort to develop catalytic MEMS thrusters. 85-90% hydrogen peroxide was studied and used as a monopropellant in the thruster design due to its safety advantages over other propellants and the renewed interest in the scientific community. This research effort formulated concepts, performed analysis, and developed fabrication techniques to construct and test a prototype thruster in order to develop the proof-of-concept fundamentals needed for a MEMS monopropellant thruster. DTIC Miniaturization; Microelectromechanical Systems; Catalysts 20010101178 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USA A Hot-Stage Atomic Force Microscope for the Measurement of Plastic Deformation in Metallic Thin Films During Thermal Cycling Shultz, Thomas E.; Jun. 2001; 86p; In English; Original contains color plates Report No.(s): AD-A393620; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A05, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche 57
An Atomic Force Microscope is equipped with a hot-stage and a vacuum system in order to enable in-situ studies of plastic deformation and interfacial sliding of thin metallic films on Si substrates during thermal cycling. The apparatus can reach sample temperatures of 1OO deg C while maintaining optimum resolution. The system will allow future in-situ thermal cycling experiments on microelectronic devices in a protected environment to provide insight into the role of plastic deformation in metallic thin films on the stability of future generations of device structures. The details of the design, along with the performance limitations of the system are discussed. Preliminary results demonstrating the performance of the system at an elevated temperature are presented. Limited post-situ results from direct measurement of the plastic deformation of thin Cu films on Si substrates induced by thermal cycling are also presented, primarily with the objective of establishing the need for detailed in-situ studies. While artifacts such as permanent dimensional changes of the film are observed post-situ, a detailed mechanistic understanding of the interaction between the temperature-dependent stress state of the film and the resultant inelastic deformation within the film and at the interface can only be obtained through in-situ experiments. DTIC Microscopy; Microelectronics; Temperature Dependence; High Temperature; Stability 20010101183 Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Newport, RI USA Stochastic Error Modeling of Beamformer Output for Arrays with Directive Elements Final Report Wettergren, Thomas A.; Jul. 25, 2001; 39p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A393627; NUWC-NPT-TR-11296; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche The error analysis at a two-dimensional passive array (conformal or planar) with directive element responses is developed. The analysis is presented for failures (both compensated and noncompensated), element phase errors, and element amplitude errors. The combination of these various mechanisms and their effect on mean beam pattern power is given analytically. The report concludes with numerical examples of the errors, as well as with the analytical derivation of various physical error mechanisms in terms of amplitude and phase error. Although developed for conformal arrays of velocity sensors, the mathematical derivations in the analysis are general enough to apply to a wide variety of passive arrays. DTIC Stochastic Processes; Error Analysis; Antenna Arrays; Beamforming 20010102680 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA Low Power Silicon Germanium Electronics for Microwave Radiometers Doiron, Terence A., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; [2001]; 3p; In English; IEEE IGARSS, 9-13 Jul. 2001, Sydney, Australia; Sponsored by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, USA Contract(s)/Grant(s): NRA-99-OES-07; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Space-based radiometric observations of key hydrological parameters (e.g., soil moisture) at the spatial and temporal scales required in the post-2002 era face significant technological challenges. These measurements are based on relatively low frequency thermal microwave emission (at 1.4 GHz for soil moisture and salinity, 10 GHz and up for precipitation, and 19 and 37 GHz for snow). The long wavelengths at these frequencies coupled with the high spatial and radiometric resolutions required by the various global hydrology communities necessitate the use of very large apertures (e.g., greater than 20 m at 1.4 GHz) and highly integrated stable RF electronics on orbit. Radio-interferometric techniques such as Synthetic Thinned Array Radiometry (STAR), using silicon germanium (SiGe) low power radio frequency integrated circuits (RFIC), is one of the most promising technologies to enable very large non-rotating apertures in space. STAR instruments are composed of arrays of small antenna/receiving elements that are arranged so that the collecting area is smaller than an equivalent real aperture system, allowing very high packing densities for launch. A 20 meter aperture at L-band, for example, will require greater than 1000 of these receiving elements. SiGe RFICs reduce power consumption enough to make an array like this possible in the power-limited environment of space flight. An overview of the state-of-the-art will be given, and current work in the area of SiGe radiometer development for soil moisture remote sensing will be discussed. Author Hydrology; Thermal Emission; Remote Sensing; Microwave Radiometers; Apertures; Antenna Components; Synthetic Arrays 20010102751 Battelle Memorial Inst., Electronics and Avionics Systems, Columbus, OH USA Advanced Display Interface for Open System High Resolution Military and Commercial Applications Final Report, 23 Sep. 1998 - 1 Apr. 2001 Hermann, David J.; Perkins, Daniel A.; Jun. 2001; 110p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F33615-98-C-6003; AF Proj. ARPH Report No.(s): AD-A393668; AFRL-HE-WP-TR-2001-0120; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A06, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche 58
Commercial display interfaces are transitioning from analog to digital format. Although this transition is in the early stages, the military needs to begin planning its own transition to digital. There are many problems with analog interfaces in high-resolution display systems that can be resolved by changing to a digital interface. Also, lower display system cost can be achieved by implementing a digital interface to a high-resolution display rather than an analog interface. The Advanced Display Interface (ADI) is designed to replace the analog RGB interfaces currently used in high definition workstation displays. The goal is to create a standard digital display interface for military applications that is based on current commercial standards. Support for military application-specific functionality is addressed, including display test and control. The main challenges to implementing a digital display interface are described, along with approaches to address the problems. Conceptual ADI architectures are described and contrasted. The current commercial standards for digital display interfaces are reviewed in detail. Finally, a demonstration system based on the chosen ADI architecture is described. DTIC Display Devices; Digital Systems; Human-Computer Interface
20010102753 Air Force Research Lab., Kirkland AFB, NM USA Reconfigurable Cellular Array Architectures for Molecular Electronics Final Report, Mar. 1998 - Mar. 2001 Lyke, James C.; Donohoe, Gregory; Karna, Shashi; Mar. 2001; 136p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DARPA Proj. 8809 Report No.(s): AD-A393691; AFRL-VS-TR-2001-1039; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A07, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche This report is a compilation of largely unpublished work pertaining to reconfigurable cellular arrays for digital computation. They bear resemblance to both cellular automata and cellular neural networks, with the attributes of field programmable gate arrays. They are of potential interest to nano-scale / molecular-scale electronics approaches due to their simple, periodic arrangement. As such they address three critical issues at the smallest physical scales: (1) low-interconnect demand; (2) defect tolerance; (3) simplified construction through non-lithographic approaches (such as chemical self-assembly). The report exposes many facets of these arrays, including the ability to directly model their structures with artificial neural networks, which can be trained to implement digital functions directly. The report is intended to represent a snapshot of work against a very difficult problem, rich- in future research exploration opportunities DTIC Molecular Electronics; Computer Programming; Field-Programmable Gate Arrays; Self Assembly; Automata Theory
20010102759 TiNi Alloy Co., San Leandro, CA USA Actuator for Out-of-Plane MEMS Devices Final Report, 30 Sep. 1999-29 Sep. 2001 Johnson, A. D.; Gupta, Vikas; Sep. 01, 2001; 54p; In English; Original contains color plates Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00167-99-C-0093 Report No.(s): AD-A393889; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Two major problems from phase I were solved during phase II. The step-coverage problem of TiNi thin film on the polysilicon structure was solved by introducing silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers. Also the out-of-plane devices were fabricated completely in-house to eliminate the problem of long turn-around time at the Microelectronics Center of North Carolina (MCNC). In a novel approach, the micromirrors were fabricated from the thin silicon membrane layer of the SOI wafer. Hinge structures were fabricated from SU-8 photoresist. Since the mirrors and the actuator beams were made on same silicon plane, the sharp step and thus the problem of step-coverage was eliminated. TiNi thin film was sputter deposited on silicon beams to form actuators. Silicon oxide and OCG 825 photoresist were used as sacrificial layers for releasing the mirrors and hinges respectively. The mechanical functionality of hinges made in-house was verified and demonstrated by tilting the silicon mirrors from horizontal to vertical position. Magnetic actuation was investigated as an alterative method for actuating the mirrors. A magnetic alloy, Permalloy, was successfully plated on the spacer dies from MCNC. Spacer devices were chemically released from the substrate and tested for the actuation. Displacement of the released spacer devices magnetically was demonstrated. DTIC Microelectromechanical Systems; Shape Memory Alloys; Actuators; Thin Films; Fabrication; Microelectronics; Permalloys (Trademark); SOI (Semiconductors) 59
20010102920 Arizona Univ., Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tucson, AZ USA Instrumentation for the Development of Reconfigurable Microwave/MM-Wave FGC Passive Elements Using MEMS Switches for Smart Systems on a Chip Final Report, 31 Mar. 2000-30 Mar. 2001 Papapolymerou, Ioannis; Jul. 09, 2001; 6p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAD19-00-1-0126 Report No.(s): AD-A393570; ARO-40837.1-EL-RIP; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche This report contains information on the items of equipment acquired with this DURIP award including name. cost, manufacturer and special circumstances regarding their acquisition. It also contains a summary of each research project on which the equipment has been and will be used. These projects are of major significance to the Department of Defense and include topics such as reconfigurable tuners and band-stop filters using MEMS switches, micromachined cavity diplexers and loaded cavity resonators, reconfigurable electromagnetic bandgap resonators and microwave circuits on low resistivity silicon substrates. A list of associated publications is also provided. DTIC Microelectromechanical Systems; Energy Gaps (Solid State); Microwave Circuits; Systems-On-A-Chip 20010103071 FROM Human Factors Design Issues for Spectral Exploitation Tools Final Report, 30 Apr. 1999-Feb. 2000 Fitzhugh, Elisabeth; Bradford, Jeff; Botschner, Richard; Feb. 2000; 62p; In English; Original contains color plates; --Original contains color plates: All DTIC reproductions will be in black and white. Prepared in cooperation with Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp., Fairborn, OH. Contract(s)/Grant(s): F41624-99-C-6017; AF Proj. 3005 Report No.(s): AD-A391844; AFRL-HE-WP-TR-2000-0062; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Increased demand for spectral data is keyed to the spectral data sets target detection potential. Spectral data can provide detailed, accurate information because of its ability to detect minuscule spectral differences in possible targets. Nevertheless, spectral-based technology has not been widely accepted or utilized in the operational community. This is primarily due to sensor collection limitations, dynamic time constraints, lack of user experience, and limited availability of validated exploitation tools and techniques. This effort implements human factors and cognitive engineering methods to identify significant human capability issues in spectral exploitation for operational use. The report includes a proposed test and evaluation plan to assess candidate tools and techniques. Examination of current literature identified color as a critical factor in display design and the use of color in spectral displays is included as one variable in a set of real world, part task simulations. The plan also includes early, comprehensive collection of user requirements and critical decision processes to facilitate design of a field-deployable prototype spectral exploitation tool. The goal of the proposed design methodology is to enhance interpretability and decrease exploitation time in rapid precision targeting scenarios. DTIC Human Factors Engineering; Spectrum Analysis; Display Devices; Target Acquisition; Emission Spectra 20010103196 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA A Power and Thermal System with Thermoelectric Generators At 930 C For Solar Probe Inside 0.1 AU Choi, Michael K., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; [2001]; 3p; In English; 36th International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, 29 Jul. - 2 Aug. 2001, Savannah, GA, USA; Sponsored by American Society of Mechanical Engineers, USA Report No.(s): IECEC2001-TM-19; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity The Power System for Solar Probe is required to provide an electrical power of 100 W to 200 W over a wide range of radial distances from the Sun. The distance varies from 5.2 AU (i.e., Jupiter gravity assist orbit) and 4 solar radii. The solar intensity varies by nearly 5 orders of magnitude. Radioactive Thermoelectric Generator (RTG) is one way to meet the power requirement. However, the use of an RTG presents a politically expensive risk for the mission. An alternative is a totally non-nuclear and intrinsically conservative method, which uses mostly developed technologies. This paper presents an innovative concept, which uses thermoelectric generators with a high temperature cooling system to meet the power requirement inside 0. 1 AU. In this concept, Silicon Germanium (SiGe)/Gallium Phosphorus (GaP) thermoelectric generators use the infrared radiation from the spacecraft primary heat shield as an energy source, and a liquid sodium high temperature cooling system to maintain the SiGe/GaP thermoelectric generators at 1200 K. It allows a routine access by interplanetary probes to the innermost regions of the heliosphere, which is prudent to the scientific community. Author Thermoelectric Generators; Solar Probes; High Temperature; Cooling Systems; Infrared Radiation; Heat Shielding; Thermal Energy; Liquid Sodium; Sodium Cooling 60
20010103243 California Univ., Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, Los Angeles, CA USA Vanadium Oxide - Carbon Nanotube Composite Electrodes for Use in Secondary Lithium Batteries Interim Report Sakamoto, Jeffrey S.; Dunn, Bruce; Jun. 25, 2001; 29p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-93-1-0245 Report No.(s): AD-A391651; TR-17; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Single-wall carbon nanotubes were used to form the electronically conducting network in lithium intercalation electrodes that incorporated vanadium oxide aerogels as the active material. Sol-gel methods were developed which integrated the nanotubes with V2O5 aerogel synthesis. The similarities in morphology and dimensional scale for the nanotubes and V2O5 ribbons enabled excellent electrical contact to be made between the two phases without seriously affecting the aerogel nanostructure. Intimate contact was established between the two phases at the nanodimensional level while the high pore volume of the aerogel provided electrolyte access throughout the composite material. The electrodes exhibited specific capacities in excess of 400 mAh/g at high discharge rates and retained this level of capacity on cycling. DTIC Carbon Nanotubes; Composite Materials; Electrodes; Sol-Gel Processes; Vanadium Oxides; Lithium Batteries
20010103262 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USA Using Commercial Off the Shelf (COTS) Digital Signal Processors (DSP) for Reliable Space Based Digital Signal Processing Wukitch, Matthew J.; Mar. 2001; 116p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A391766; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A06, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche A radiation tolerant testbed was designed using a Commercial-Off-the-Self Digital Signal Processor and presented to prove the concept of Triple Modular Redundant (TMR) processors in order to make a COTS DSP radiation tolerant design. The system was designed to handle the effects of radiation associated with Single Event Upset only. Two of the industrys leading programmable 32-bit floating-point digital signal processors were reviewed for this thesis, Analog Devices ADSP-21060 and the Texas Instruments TMS320C6701. The 6701 was the best processor for this design based upon size, power, speed, and tolerance to single event latchup, signal event burnout, and total ionization dose. A review of the processors performance and characteristics is provided to ensure the proper operation of 6701 in a TMR design. The system employs a bit by bit voter that compares the three processors results and outputs the majority of the bits. All data, address, and control signals are monitored to determine that the system is operating properly. This system significantly differs from previous TMR designs, because only address errors cause immediate interrupts. Data errors cause processor interrupts only when the errors accumulate to a critical level. An external host processor controls the processors shared memory space. DTIC Commercial Off-The-Shelf Products; Digital Systems; Microprocessors; Radiation Tolerance; Signal Processing; Radiation Effects
20010103539 Malibu Research Associates, Inc., Calabasas, CA USA Dynamic Flaps Electronic Scan Antenna Final Report, Phase 2 Gonzalez, Daniel G.; Jan. 24, 2000; 69p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00421-9-C-1077 Report No.(s): AD-A391519; MRA-P347; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche A dynamic FLAPS(TM) electronic scan antenna was the focus of this research. The novelty S of this SBIR resides in the use of plasma as the main component of this dynamic X-Band phased S array antenna. The plasma introduces a hysteresis property to the phasing elements thus enabling the elements to be addressed in a row-column configuration; in other words, the system can be configured in a latching configuration. by using stripline technology in conjunction with plasma, a phased-array antenna can be produced at a much lower cost than conventional phased-array antennas. This major cost savings is due to the reduction of required number of drivers (result of the plasma hysteresis property) and the simpler manufacturing process. During the Phase II of this SBIR, the major elements of the plasma phased-array antenna were resolved and demonstrated. These include: 1) The ability of plasma to create an efficient RF wall by de-tuning a passband circuit. 2) The ability of plasma to reflect incident RF with a consistent phase shift. 3) Predictable phase shifting. 4) Near ideal plasma hysteresis signature using proper gas. 5) Integration of the plasma circuit in a stripline configuration using hybrids. DTIC Antenna Arrays; Microwave Antennas; Dipole Antennas; Manufacturing; Plasma Antennas 61
20010103566 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USA Design of a Ship Service Converter Module for a Reduced-Scale Prototype Integrated Power System Stallings, Brad L.; Dec. 2001; 218p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A392078; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A10, Hardcopy; A03, Microfiche A DC Zonal Electrical Distribution System (DC ZEDS) is a strong candidate for the next generation surface combatant, DD-21. In order to equip DD-2 1 with DC ZEDS, preparative research includes the design of a low-power prototype Integrated Power System (IPS). This thesis examines the design and layout of one element of the IPS, a 500V/4OOV, 8kW, 20kHz dc-dc converter. The main thrust of the study is the documentation of product construction, design, and ancillary issues. Since the converter will be integrated into a testbed, it must be rugged, transportable, flexible, and provide convenient interconnection and monitoring. MATLAB and dSPACE models and circuit prototypes are implemented to validate subsystem designs and operation. Unit validation studies are conducted to assess performance of the power-section, controls, protection, and interfaces. DTIC Ships; Voltage Converters (DC to DC); Systems Integration; Circuits
20010103658 DCS Corp., USA Vetronics Reference Architecture Smith, Michael, DCS Corp., USA; [2001]; 17p; In English; Proceedings from the 2001 Vehicle Technologies Symposium Intelligent Systems for the Objective Force, 29-31 May 2001, USA; Sponsored by National Defense Industrial Association, USA Report No.(s): AD-A393794; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Presentation given at the 2001 Vehicle Technologies Symposium, 29-31 May, 2001, and sponsored by the National Defense Industrial Association. DTIC Defense Program; Conferences; Military Vehicles
20010103760 ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT USA Proof-of-Concept Proposal for the Thermal DIODE Final Report, 26 Sep. 2000 - 25 Mar. 2001 Hagelstein, Peter; Kucherov, Yan; Mar. 25, 2001; 29p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAD19-00-C-0105 Report No.(s): AD-A393495; ARO-41679.1-CH; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche According to initially submitted description of the proposed thermal diode for converting heat to electricity, proof of concept can be subdivided into the following three parts: 1. Proving that a semiconductor emitting layer compares favorably in terms of carriers injection with metal emitters both in the thermoelectric or Schottky mode. 2. Verifying limits of diffusive transport in the semiconductor gap in terms of recombination at elevated temperatures. 3. Proving compensation layer capability of blocking thermoelectric back current from the collector. At this point, we have proved the compensation layer principle and that the recombination in lnSb at elevated temperatures does not pose a serious problem. We also proved that semiconductor layer improves efficiency by a factor of four for the same material compared to thermoelectric regime. So far, predictions of the Numerical model developed earlier are sound. We tested energy converters that yielded results competitive with any known thermoelectrics. DTIC Mathematical Models; Thermoelectricity; Schottky Diodes; High Temperature Tests
20010103765 MPC Products Corp., Skokie, IL USA Drive-By-Wire Technology Doell, Chris, MPC Products Corp., USA; [2001]; 18p; In English; Proceedings from 2001 Vehicle Technologies Symposium Intelligent Systems for the Objective Force, 29-31 May 2001, USA; Sponsored by National Defense Industrial Association, USA Report No.(s): AD-A393795; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Presentation given at the 2001 Vehicle Technologies Symposium, 29-31 May 2001, and sponsored by the National Defense Industrial Association. DTIC Conferences; Defense Program; Wire 62
20010103946 International Wire and Cable Symposium, Inc., Eatontown, NJ USA Proceedings of the Forty-Ninth International Wire and Cable Symposium Nov. 16, 2000; 705p; In English; 49th International Wire and Cable Symposium, 13-16 Nov. 2000, Atlantic City, NJ, USA; Sponsored in part by Europacable Report No.(s): AD-A393538; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A99, Hardcopy; A06, Microfiche The proceedings of the 49th International Wire and Cable Symposium, Atlantic City, NJ, November 13-16, 2000. DTIC Conferences; Communication Cables; Optoelectronic Devices 20010104073 Southern Methodist Univ., Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Dallas, TX USA Short Term Innovative Research on Sensors on Flexible Substrates Final Report, 30 Sep. 2000 - 30 Jun. 2001 Butler, Donald P.; Celik-Butler, Zeynep; Jul. 30, 2001; 10p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAD19-00-1-0505 Report No.(s): AD-A393589; ARO-41648.4-PH-11; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche This investigation concerns the development of microsensors sensors on flexible substrates such as Kapton (pyromellitic dianhydride and 4,4 diaminodphenyl ether). Microbolometers have been used as the test bed for microsensor development. The results on this investigation will form a basis for the production of other micromachined sensors such as pressure/strain sensors, hair-like touch and flow sensors, and accelerometers on flexible substrates. Flexible substrates can serve as the basis of a sensitive skin for humans and robots where sensors are distributed over skin to provide the sense of touch and feel or monitor the physiology of the wearer. Two techniques have been investigated. One involves attaching a Kapton film to a 4 inch wafer carrier with an adhesive and the other involves using a spin-on polyimide (Kapton-like) to coat a silicon wafer that has been covered with a release layer. The use of 4 inch wafers permits the use of standard microfabrication equipment. Using these techniques, YBaCuO microbolometers have been fabricated. Low temperature fabrication techniques are employed to minimize the thermal cycling of the polyimide substrate. In our preliminary work, the microbolometers displayed a Temperature Coefficient of Resistance of -3.1 %, at room temperature. The microbolometers reached responsivity and detectivity as high as 6x10(exp 3) V/W and 3x10(exp 7) cm.Hz(sup 1/2)/W, respectively, at 1.85 mu alpha of current bias. This detectivity is approximately 40% of the temperature fluctuation limit for these detectors. DTIC Fabrication; Substrates; Infrared Detectors; Microinstrumentation; Pressure Sensors 20010104153 California Univ., Electrical Engineering Dept., Los Angeles, CA USA Low Power/Low Noise Electronics Technologies for Wireless Communications Final Report, 12 Feb. 1996 - 31 Aug. 2001 Itoh, Tatsuo; Aug. 01, 2001; 20p; In English; Prepared in cooperation with the Univ. of California, San Diego, CA. Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAH04-96-1-0005 Report No.(s): AD-A393487; ARO-34992.36-EL-MUR; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche This MURI has been intended to address challenges of electronics technologies for wireless communication to dramatically enhance the low power and low noise characteristics. An interdisciplinary team with expertise spanning from the devices, circuits, components and systems has been assembled from researchers from UCLA and UC San Diego. A companion MURI program has also been executed at The University of Michigan with: University of Colorado under the leadership of Professor George Haddad. Both of these-electronics oriented programs are complementary rather-than competitive. For instance, Michigan Program has placed emphasis on InP devices while UCLA/UCSD program studied GaAs type devices. Furthermore, these two electronics oriented MURI programs are complementary to another MURI program at Michigan that primarily studies the systems, modulation and coding aspects of low power communication. Nevertheless, both UCLA/UCSD and Michigan electronics programs contain some effort on the system and coding issues. DTIC Electronic Equipment; Wireless Communication; Low Noise 20010104473 Michigan Univ., Dept. of Aerospace Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI USA Development of a Field Emitter Cathode for Low-Power Hall Thrusters Final Report, 1 Jun. 1997 - 31 Dec. 2000 Gallimore, A. D.; Marrese, C. M.; Jul. 25, 2001; 181p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-97-1-0380 Report No.(s): AD-A393628; AFRL-SR-BL-TR-01-0454; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A09, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche Fuel-efficient electric propulsion (EP) systems such as the Closed-Drift Hall thruster (CDT) can greatly enhance the capability of small satellites by reducing spacecraft propellant mass while increasing sensor payload and Deltav. However, a major 63
stumbling block to the development of low-power (less than /- 100 W) CDTs is the absence of a suitable cathode. Conventional 6.4-mm hollow cathodes consume 20 W of power and 5 sccm of propellant, which is more than the total propellant flow rate of a 100-W CDT. Smaller hollow cathodes (e.g., 3.2-mm) are in development with the challenging goal of consuming 5 W of power. However, the minimum propellant flow rate of these cathodes is unlikely to dip much below 1 sccm. Our approach for providing electron emission for low-power CDTs is to use field emitter array cathodes (FEACs) as a replacement for hollow cathodes. AASERT funds were secured to support one student in a three-year program to investigate the use of FEAC technology with CDTs. The current-voltage characteristics and lifetime of several baseline cathode designs were evaluated over a wide range of pressures (10(exp -10) to 10(exp -6) Torr range in an ultra high vacuum FEAC test facility. FEAC performance models were also developed and compared with experimental results. DTIC Hall Effect; Manufacturing; Emitters; Thrustors; Emissivity; Performance Prediction; Hollow Cathodes
20010105200 Department of Energy, Washington, DC USA Modeling and Simulation of Miniature Piezoelectric Motors Mahoney, J. F.; Jun. 01, 1998; 14p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-16834; KCP-613-6056; CONF-9805101; DE98-059407; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge The use of piezo materials is becoming common in both commercial and retail products. Motors designed using piezo materials as actuators are also being utilized where either space or magnetic materials are limited. This paper discusses the use of ABAQUS/Standard and ABAQUS/Explicit toward the development and production of small piezo motors. Analytical techniques are the only methods possible to determine motor design parameters and performance issues prior to prototype production and testing. The use of ABAQUS/Standard to solve baseline Eigenvalue extractions and transient dynamics for stator motion has made it possible to evaluate motor designs much quicker than physical evaluations. The use of the VUMAT subroutine in ABAQUS/Explicit has been used to create strains driven by the piezo effects, thus allowing for many thousands of cyclic loads to be applied to contacting 3D continuum structures. The use of viscous pressure techniques for near-perfect static loading under explicit dynamics will also be presented and discussed. NTIS Electric Motors; Design Analysis; Simulation; Miniaturization; Piezoelectric Motors; Computer Programs; Models
20010105246 Department of Energy, Washington, DC USA Mechanical Integrity Issues at MCM-Cs for High Reliability Applications Morgenstern, H. A.; Tarbutton, T. J.; Becka, G. A.; Uribe, F.; Monroe, S.; Apr. 13, 1998; 7p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-16576; KCP-613-6020; DE98052809; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge During the qualification of a new high reliability low-temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) multichip module (MCM), two issues relating to the electrical and mechanical integrity of the LTCC network were encountered while performing qualification testing. One was electrical opens after aging tests that were caused by cracks in the solder joints. The other was fracturing of the LTCC networks during mechanical testing. Through failure analysis, computer modeling, bend testing, and test samples, changes were identified. Upon implementation of all these changes, the modules passed testing, and the MCM was placed into production. NTIS Ceramics; Chips (Electronics); Computerized Simulation; Failure Analysis; Performance Tests; Reliability
20010105247 California Univ., Lawrence Berkeley Lab., Berkeley, CA USA Germanium orthogonal strip detectors with amorphous-semiconductor contacts Luke, P. N.; Amman, M.; Phlips, B. F.; Johnson, W. N.; Kroeger, R. A.; Oct. 25, 1999; 4p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-771749; LBNL-44444; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge Germanium orthogonal strip detectors have been produced using amophous-semiconductor contacts. The amorphous-semiconductor contact fabrication process is relatively simple, and it is capable of producing fine-pitched electrode structures. The bipolar blocking behavior of the amorphous-semiconductor contact permits its use on both sides of a detector, replacing conventional B ion implanted and Li diffused contacts. NTIS Amorphous Semiconductors; Fabrication; Fine Structure; Germanium; Radiation Detectors 64
20010105269 Oak Ridge National Lab., TN USA Diffusion Resistant, High-Purity Wafer Carriers For SI Semiconductor Production Tiegs, T. N.; Leaskey, L.; Oct. 01, 2000; 15p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-769361; C/ORNL98-0538; ORNL98-0538; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge The Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) was directed towards development of diffusion resistant, high-purity wafer carriers for Si semiconductor production with improved properties compared to current materials. The determination of the infiltration behavior is important for controlling the fabrication process to obtain consistent high-quality products. Ammonium molybdate or molybdenum carbide were found to be suitable as a precursor to produce SiC-MoSi2-Si composites by Si infiltration into carbon preforms. Experiments on the pyrolysis of the preforms showed variable infiltration behavior by the molten Si (within the range of conditions in the present study). Further research is required to reproducibly and consistently fabricate flaw-free articles. The strength of the composites fabricated to-date was 325(+-)124 MPa, which is higher than current commercial products. Better process control should result in higher average strengths and reduce the variability. NTIS Semiconductors (Materials); Wafers; Diffusion; Composite Materials 20010105464 Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM USA RF Characteristics of GaAs/InGaAsN/GaAs P-n-P Double Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors Baca, A. G.; Chang, P. C.; Li, N. Y.; Hou, H. Q.; Monier, C.; Aug. 29, 2000; 6p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-761886; SAND2000-2176C; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche The trend in portable electronics is to extend the battery lifetime without sacrificing the performance. One approach toward this goal is to reduce the operating voltages without compromising power added efficiency, making devices with lower turn-on voltages more desirable. For heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs), a lower bandgap (E(sub G)) base reduces the turn-on voltage (V(sub ON)), and leads to greater efficiency at low-bias conditions. HBTs with InGaAs bases lattice matched to InP substrates offer one possibility that has not been adopted by commercial foundries due to substrate cost, concern over breakage, and possibly lack of 6 wafers. InGaAsN lattice matched to GaAs is a new material that has received a lot of attention lately. NTIS Bipolar Transistors; Gallium Arsenides; Indium Gallium Arsenides; P-N-P Junctions; Radio Frequencies; Emitters; Heterojunctions
34 FLUID MECHANICS AND THERMODYNAMICS

Includes fluid dynamics and kinematics and all forms of heat transfer; boundary layer flow; hydrodynamics; hydraulics; fluidics; mass transfer and ablation cooling. For related information see also 02 Aerodynamics.
20010099215 Iowa State Univ. of Science and Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Ames, IA USA Application of Large Eddy Simulation to Cooling and Flow Problems in Aeropropulsion Systems Final Report, Apr. - Nov. 2000 Pletcher, R. H., Iowa State Univ. of Science and Technology, USA; Jun. 19, 2001; 21p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-00-1-0229 Report No.(s): AD-A393055; ISU-ERI-AMES-01619; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Microfiche; A03, Hardcopy The objective of this research was to expand the capabilities of large eddy simulation technology to contribute to the solution of urgent problems in propulsion systems and to contribute to the physical understanding of such flows. Work was initiated on both external and internal cooling flows in turbines. Results on the effects of rotation on heat transfer in channel flow are reported for heating and cooling rates of magnitudes large enough to cause significant variation in temperature dependent fluid properties. The effect of rotation was to reduce the turbulent transport near the leading wall and increase it near the trailing wall. The effect was larger for the heating flows than for the cooling flow. The ratio of Nusselt numbers on the two walls ranged between two and five, whereas the friction coefficients at the trailing wall were about twice as large as those at the leading wall. The magnitudes of streamwise and spanwise velocity fluctuations were observed to differ by about a factor of two near the two walls. DTIC Cooling; Channel Flow; Turbomachinery; Computerized Simulation; Propulsion System Configurations; Vortices; Large Eddy Simulation 65
20010099427 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA An Experimental Study of the Operating Temperature in a Loop Heat Pipe with Two Evaporators and Two Condensers Ku, Jentung, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Birur, Gaj, Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Tech., USA; [2001]; 16p; In English; 31st ICES Conference, 9-12 Jul. 2001, Orlando, FL, USA; Original contains color illustrations; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche This paper presents a comprehensive experimental study of the loop operating temperature in a loop heat pipe (LHP) which has two parallel evaporators and two parallel condensers. In a single evaporator LHP, it is well known that the loop operating temperature is a function of the heat load, the sink temperature and the ambient temperature. The objective of the present study emphasizes on the stability of the loop operating temperature and parameters that affects the loop operation. Tests results show that the loop operating temperature is a function of the total system heat load, sink temperature, ambient temperature, and beat load distribution between the two evaporators. Under most conditions, only one compensation chamber (CC) contains two-phase fluid and controls the loop operating temperature, and the other CC is completely filled with liquid. Moreover, as the test condition changes, control of the loop operating temperature often shifted from one CC to another. In spite of complex interactions between various components, the test loop has demonstrated very robust operation even during fast transients. Author Operating Temperature; Heat Sinks; Heat Pipes; Evaporators; Ambient Temperature
20010099437 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA USA Predicting Turbulent Convective Heat Transfer in Fully Developed Duct Flows Rokni, Masoud, Lund Inst. of Tech., Sweden; Gatski, Thomas B., NASA Langley Research Center, USA; International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow; 2001; ISSN 0142-727X; Volume 22, pp. 381-392; In English; Sponsored in part by Bengt Ingestroems Foundation; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity The performance of an explicit algebraic stress model (EASM) is assessed in predicting the turbulent flow and forced heat transfer in both straight and wavy ducts, with rectangular, trapezoidal and triangular cross-sections, under fully developed conditions. A comparison of secondary flow patterns. including velocity vectors and velocity and temperature contours, are shown in order to study the effect of waviness on flow dynamics, and comparisons between the hydraulic parameters. Fanning friction factor and Nusselt number, are also presented. In all cases. isothermal conditions are imposed on the duct walls, and the turbulent heat fluxes are modeled using gradient-diffusion type models. The formulation is valid for Reynolds numbers up to 10(exp 5) and this minimizes the need for wall functions that have been used with mixed success in previous studies of complex duct flows. In addition, the present formulation imposes minimal demand on the number of grid points without any convergence or stability problems. Criteria in terms of heat transfer and friction factor needed to choose the optimal wavy duct cross-section for industrial applications among the ones considered are discussed. Author Turbulent Heat Transfer; Turbulent Flow; Convective Heat Transfer; Ducted Flow; Duct Geometry; Computational Fluid Dynamics; Three Dimensional Flow; Contours; Secondary Flow
20010100448 Naval Research Lab., Bay Saint Louis, MS USA Gradient Driven Flow: Lattice Gas, Diffusion Equation and Measurement Scales Pandy, R. B.; Wood, Warren T.; Gettrust, J. F.; Jan. 2001; 16p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): ProjReport No.(s): AD-A393793; NRL/JA/7400-01-0001; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Tracer diffusion and fluid transport are studied in a model for a geomarine system in which fluid constituents move from regions of high to low concentration. An interacting lattice gas is used to model the system. Collective diffusion of fluid particles in lattice gas is consistent with the solution of the continuum diffusion equation for the concentration profile. Comparison of these results validates the applicability and provides a calibration for arbitrary (time and length) units of the lattice gas. Unlike diffusive motion in an unsteady-state regime, both fluid and tracer exhibit a drift-like transport in a steady-state regime. The transverse components of fluid and tracer displacements differ significantly. While the average tracer motion becomes nondiffusive in the long time regime, the collective motion exhibits an onset of oscillation. DTIC Fluid Dynamics; Steady State; Fluid Flow; Particle Diffusion; Gradients 66
20010101171 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Computational Evaluation of Quiet Tunnel Hypersonic Boundary Layer Stability Experiments Manning, Melissa L.; Nov. 2000; 118p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A393601; AFIT-CI-01-195; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A06, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche A computational evaluation of two stability experiments conducted in the NASA Langley Mach 6 axisymmetric quiet nozzle test chamber facility is conducted. Navier- Stokes analysis of the mean flow and linear stability theory analysis of boundary layer disturbances is performed in the computations. The effects of adverse pressure gradient and wall cooling are examined. Calculated pressure, temperature and boundary layer thickness distributions show very good overall agreement with experimental measurements. Computed mass flux and total temperature profiles show very good quantitative agreement with uncalibrated hotwire measurements obtained with the hot-wire operated in high and low overheat modes respectively. Comparisons between calibrated hot-wire data and mean flow computations show excellent agreement in the early stages of the transitional flow. However, examination of the wire Reynolds number and mass flux and total temperature eigenfunction profiles suggest that when operated in high overheat mode the sensitivity of the hot-wire to total temperature is significant. Thus, while uncalibrated hot-wire measurements are useful to characterize the overall features of the flow, calibrated hot- wire measurements are necessary for quantitative comparison with stability theory. Computations show that adverse pressure gradient and wall cooling decrease the boundary layer thickness and increase the frequency and amplification rate of the unstable second mode disturbances; these findings are consistent with the experimental observations. DTIC Boundary Layer Thickness; Hypersonic Boundary Layer; Pressure Effects; Temperature Profiles
20010102645 Moscow Technical Co., Moscow, Russia Optimization of MW Plasma Influence on Aerodynamic Characteristics of Body in Airflow Final Report Kolesnichenko, Yuri F.; Apr. 2001; 107p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A393526; EOARD-ISTC-00-7003; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A06, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche This report results from a contract tasking Moscow Technical Club (MTC-IVTAN) as follows: The contractor will demonstrate the ability to change the aerodynamic drag of a body using microwave-generated plasma in front of the body. He will perform the following: a) study the dynamic characteristics of MW discharge in supersonic airflow; b) study the dynamic characteristics of plasma-body-airflow interaction; c) measure the temperature in different components of plasma; d) study the relaxation characteristics of MW plasma in a supersonic airflow, such as lifetime, electron density and others; e) study the plasma effect in dependence on structure of MW field, plasma volume, polarization, operation mode, optimization, etc. In summary, he will obtain and provide a data set for mathematical simulations. DTIC Aerodynamic Characteristics; Aerodynamic Drag; Supersonics; Drag Reduction; Plasmas (Physics); Air Flow
20010102913 Princeton Univ., Dept. of Material and Aerospace Engineering, NJ USA Shock Propagation and Supersonic Drag in Low Temperature Plasmas Final Report, 1 Jan. - 30 Sep. 1998 Miles, Richard B.; Feb. 1998; 313p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-97-1-0497 Report No.(s): AD-A393666; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A14, Hardcopy; A03, Microfiche This grant supported an Air Force-sponsored workshop, Understanding and Control of Ionized High-Speed Flows, which was conducted at Princeton University, February 26-27, 1998. In recent years, there has been a great deal of interest in the formation mechanisms and properties of air plasmas. This interest is, in part, motivated by experiments conducted in Russia and in the USA which indicate shock propagation in weakly ionized air plasmas is at a higher velocity than would be predicted by presently understood models. If this is, indeed, the case, such plasmas could be used for supersonic/hypersonic drag reduction. In addition, atmospheric plasmas could influence flow control devices, electromagnetic attenuation, and hypersonic propulsion systems. As a consequence, the formation of such plasmas in atmospheric pressure environments, and the study of the properties of these plasmas, are of significant national interest. DTIC Gas Ionization; Ionized Gases; Electromagnetic Propulsion; Cold Plasmas; Shock Waves 67
20010103203 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA System Accommodation of Propylene Loop Heat Pipes For The Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) Instrument Grob, Eric W., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; [2001]; 6p; In English; 31st International Conference on Environmental Systems, 9-12 Jul. 2001, Orlando, FL, USA; Sponsored by Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc., USA Report No.(s): SAE-01ICES-178; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity Loop Heat Pipes (LHP) are used for precise temperature control for NASA Goddard Space Flight Centers Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) Instrument in a widely varying LEO thermal environment. Two propylene LHPs are utilized to provide separate thermal control for the Nd:YAG Lasers and the remaining avionics/detector components suite. Despite a rigorous engineering development and test plan to demonstrate the performance in the restrictive GLAS design, the flight units failed initial thermal vacuum acceptance testing at GSFC. Subsequent investigation revealed that compromises in the mechanical packaging of these systems resulted in inadequate charge levels for a concentric wick LHP. The redesign effort included larger compensation chambers that provide more fluid to the wick for start-up scenarios and highlighted the need to fully understand the limitations and accommodation requirements of new technologies in a system design application. Once again, seemingly minor departures from heritage configurations and limited resources led to performance and operational issues. This paper provides details into the GLAS LHP engineering development program and acceptance testing of the flight units, including the redesign effort. Author Propylene; Heat Pipes; Laser Altimeters; Temperature Control; Wicks 20010105191 Department of Energy, Washington, DC USA Condensation induced water hammer safety Gintner, M. A.; Mar. 10, 1997; 9p Report No.(s): DE2001-16909; HNF-SA-3179-FP; DE98059754,EW3130010; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche Condensation induced water hammer events in piping systems can cause catastrophic steam system failures which can result in equipment drainage, personal injury, and even death. As an industry, we have learned to become accustomed to the banging that we often hear in our steam piping systems, and complacent in our actions to prevent it. It is unfortunate that lives are lost needlessly, as this type of water hammer event is preventable if one only applies some basic principles when operating and maintaining their steam systems. NTIS Pipes (Tubes); Boilers; Reactor Technology; Water Hammer 20010105205 Houston Univ., TX USA Multiphase saturation equations, change of type and inaccessible regions Keyfitz, B. L.; Dec. 31, 1992; 16p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-764167; DOE/ER/25102-1-VOL-1; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche We identify a class of flux functions which give rise to conservation laws which are hyperbolic except along a codimension one subspace of state space. We show that a number of systems modeling porous medium flow can be regarded as perturbations of such systems, and describe the phenomenon of change of type for these perturbations. We also discuss a property of solutions of such systems, the existence of inaccessible regions - subsets of state space which appear to be avoided by solutions. NTIS Conservation Laws; Perturbation; Saturation; Equations of State; Porous Materials; Fluid Flow; Multiphase Flow 20010105206 Houston Univ., TX USA Elliptic problem arising from the unsteady transonic small disturbance equation Canic, S.; Keyfitz, B. L.; Sep. 14, 1995; 34p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-764166; UH/MD-171; DOE/ER/25102-1-VOL-1A; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche We prove a theorem on existence of a weak solution of the Dirichlet problem for a quasilinear elliptic equation with a degeneracy on one part of the boundary. The degeneracy is of a type (Keldysh type) associated with singular behavior blow-up of a derivative at the boundary. We define an associated operator which is continuous: pseudo-monotone and coercive and show that a weak solution displaying singular behavior at the boundary exists. NTIS Dirichlet Problem; Elliptic Differential Equations; Transonic Flow; Unsteady Flow 68
20010105207 Houston Univ., TX USA Shock stability in systems that change type. Final grant report to the Department of Energy Keyfitz, B. L.; Nov. 10, 1995; 5p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-764164; DOE/ER/25101-1-VOL-1; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche The aim of the original project was to investigate systems of conservation laws that change type. Progress was made on this problem. During the last period of the grant, the author began an investigation of a multidimensional system related to Mach reflection which goes beyond the original work proposed. This has been fruitful direction in which to apply expertise on change of type. Some basic theoretical results have been found. NTIS Conservation Laws; Shock Waves; Flow Stability 20010105211 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USA Spatial Variability of Mean Flow and Turbulence Fields in Street Canyons KastnerKlein, P.; Rotach, M. W.; Sep. 01, 2000; 5p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-764065; LA-UR-00-3025; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche Air pollution episodes in cities are often related to emissions from traffic. These emissions occur near the ground, and dispersion of the exhaust gases is highly affected by the complex flow phenomena inside the urban canopy. Applied dispersion models must be able to predict the flow patterns observed inside and above the street canyons. During the last few years the flow and dispersion characteristics in street canyons were investigated in several wind tunnel studies. Two major questions are nevertheless left open: (1) how strong is the influence of the particular wind tunnel setup on the observed characteristics of flow in street canyons, and (2) to what extent can these characteristics can be parameterized. NTIS Air Pollution; Exhaust Gases; Flow Characteristics; Flow Distribution; Turbulence; Flow Measurement; Dispersing; Streets 20010105220 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USA Euler-Poincare Dynamics of Ideal Micropolar Complex Fluids Holm, D. D.; Jan. 01, 2000; 52p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-763294; LA-UR-00-178; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche Lagrangian reduction by stages is used to derive the Euler-Poincare equations for the coupled motion and micromotion of ideal micropolar complex fluids. The order parameters for micropolar complex fluids are material variables that may be regarded either as geometrical objects in a vector space, or as taking values in coset spaces of Lie symmetry groups. Examples include liquid crystals, superfluids, Yang-Mills magnetofluids and spin-glasses. A Lie-Poisson Hamiltonian formulation of the dynamics for ideal micropolar complex fluids is obtained by Legendre transforming the Euler-Poincare dynamics are also derived by using the Clebsch approach. NTIS Dynamics; Ideal Fluids; Liquid Crystals; Micropolar Fluids 20010105224 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USA Discrete Simulation of Reactive and Non-Reactive Flow with Lattice Gas Automata (LGA) Yamamoto, K.; Jan. 01, 2000; 25p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-763254; LA-UR-00-32; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche In this paper, we have simulated the reactive flow with LGA. We have focused on the mixture in counter flow to investigate flame structure in turbulent combustion for verification of Klimov-Williams criterion. to confirm this method, we have compared these results with that obtained by solving the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with that by solving Navier-Stokes equations. NTIS Automata Theory; Turbulent Combustion; Incompressible Flow; Reactivity 20010105227 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USA PIV Measurements of a Shock-Accelerated Fluid Instability Prestridge, K. P.; Vorobieff, P.; Sep. 22, 2000; 20p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-763104; LA-UR-00-4451; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche 69
A varicose-profile, thin layer of heavy gas (SF6) in lighter gas (air) is impulsively accelerated by a planar, Mach 1.2 shock, producing Richtmyer-Meshkov instability. We present the first measurements of the circulation in ,the curtain during the vortex-dominated, nonlinear stage of the instability evolution. These measurements, based on particle image velocimetry data, are employed to validate an idealized model of the nonlinear perturbation growth. NTIS Fluid Mechanics; Sulfur Hexafluoride; Transonic Speed; Particle Image Velocimetry 20010105277 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USA Neighbors, Derivatives, and Viscosity in Particle Codes Randles, P. W.; Libersky, L. D.; Petschek, A. G.; Aug. 31, 1999; 11p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-762708; LA-UR-99-2560; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche Particle methods require new approaches to traditional numerical procedures used in mesh-based codes. Primarily, the absence of a background spatial mesh means that new integration points (neighbors) must be found each computational cycle. After the neighbor set has been determine spatial derivatives of field variables must be computed (without the aid of a mesh) and quantities advanced in time. For treatment of shocks it is necessary to formulate an artificial viscosity that will smear the discontinuity across a few particles without undue dissipation in transverse directions. Solutions to these three issues are presented as follows: Section 2 describes the Interior Hull technique for finding a robust neighbor set, even in regions of large anisotropy in the particle arrangement. Section 3 discusses a method for computing derivatives that ensures consistency and stability. Section 4 introduces a tensor formulation of the artificial viscous stress that is effective in treating shocks as well as reducing spurious noise. Some example calculations illustrating the effectiveness of the techniques are presented in Section 5, and conclusions are stated in Section 6. We emphasize that all three procedures (neighbors, derivatives, viscosity) are conceptually simple, robust, and easily expendable to higher dimensions. NTIS Viscosity; Particles; Noise Reduction
35 INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY

Includes remote sensors; measuring instruments and gauges; detectors; cameras and photographic supplies; and holography. For aerial photography see 43 Earth Resources and Remote Sensing. For related information see also 06 Avionics and Aircraft Instrumentation; and 19 Spacecraft Instrumentation.
20010099592 Delaware Univ., Bartol Research Inst., Newark, DE USA Small Explorer (SMEX) POsitron Electron Magnet Spectrometer (POEMS) Final Report, Dec. 1993 - Dec. 1994 LHeureux, Jacques, Delaware Univ., USA; Evenson, Paul A., Delaware Univ., USA; January 1995; 165p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAS5-38098 Report No.(s): NASA-CR-189429; NAS 1.26:189429; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A08, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche This report covers the activities of Louisiana State University (LSU) under subcontract 26053-EX between LSU and the Bartol Research Institute (Bartol), which began January 1, 1994. The purpose of this subcontract was for LSU to participate in and support Bartol in the work to define the SMEX (Small Explorer)/POEMS (Positron Electron Magnet Spectrometer) spaceflight mission under NASA Contract NAS5-38098 between NASA and Bartol. The conclusions of this study were that for a 1998 launch into a 600km altitude, 98 degrees, approximately sun synchronous orbit, (a) the total radiation dose would be typically a few k-rad per year, certainly less than 20 k-rad per year for the anticipated shielding and potential solar flare environment, (b) detector counting rates would be dominated by the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) and the horns of the Van Allen belts, (c) the galactic electron and positron signal can be extracted from the albedo background and the trapped populations by detailed evaluation of the geomagnetic transmission function (cut-off) for each event, (d) POEMS could make significant contributions to magnetospheric science if sufficient downlink capacity were provided and, (e) a fully functioning, cost efficient, data processing and analysis facility design was developed for the mission. Overall, POEMS was found to be a relatively simple experiment to manifest, operate and analyze and had potential for fundamental new discoveries in cosmic, heliospheric, solar and magnetospheric science. Author NASA Space Programs; Space Missions; Radiation Dosage; Synchronous Satellites; Solar Radiation 70
20010099946 Naval Air Warfare Center, Aircraft Div., Patuxent River, MD USA Development of Regulations for Civilian Use of NVGs Antonio, Joseph C.; Faber, Lorry; May 10, 2001; 7p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A392316; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Provide an insight into the development of products that the FAA may use in formulating regulations for governing the civil use of NVGs. SC-196 is tasked with producing documents that may be used by the FAA for the development of rules and regulations governing the use of NVGs in the National Airspace System. These products are nearing completion. DTIC Night Vision; Regulations; Goggles; Product Development 20010100453 Army Aviation and Missile Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL USA An Analysis of Multi-Role Survivable Radar Tracking Performance Using the KTP-2 Groups Real Track Metrics Final Report Caraway, Willie D., III; McElroy, Randy R.; Aug. 2001; 14p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A393866; AMSAM-TR-RD-MG-01-37; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche One of the outcomes of the 19th meeting of The Technical Cooperation Program (TTCP) Sub Group K Technical Panel KTP-2 was a set of track metrics 1. The purpose of these metrics was to enable a qualitative comparison of the effectiveness of different radar tracking algorithms in the face of various target situations. The complex and highly variable target situations that radars face have made the development of a quantitative set of metrics that yield absolute scoring virtually impossible. These metrics now provide the radar engineer with a consistent basic upon which to compare the performance of various tracking algorithms. This report will detail the results of applying these metrics to data obtained during a Multi-Role Survivable Radar (MRSR) tracking test and presented at the 21st meeting of the KTP-2 group. DTIC Radar Tracking; Targets; Algorithms; Tracking Radar 20010100496 Washington State Univ., Dept. of Physics, Pullman, WA USA Development of Optical Stress Gauges for Use in Shock Wave Experiments, 16 Aug. 1992-30 Jun. 1997 Gupta, Yogendra M., Washington State Univ., USA; September 2000; 54p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DNA001-92-C-0063 Report No.(s): AD-A389096; 990188-51201-FTR; DTRA-TR-99-22; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Microfiche; A04, Hardcopy Experiments and analyses were carried out to demonstrate the successful development and use of the ruby stress gauges under shock wave loading. The predictive capability of our theoretical model, developed earlier, was established by the good agreement obtained between the calculated and measured R-line shifts for shock wave compression of r-cut samples. The feasibility of using stimulated emission to enhance the signal intensity from shocked ruby crystals was demonstrated. The major element of the present work involved the successful development and use of in-situ, miniature ruby sensors in high stress and high strain rate environments. The miniature ruby sensors developed have provided good quality signals in a wide variety of materials (metals, polymers, eramics and geologic solids) shocked to stresses ranging from 0.3 to 8.0 GPa. Additionally, the ability of the miniature ruby sensors to provide quantitative, time-resolved data under 2-D, dynamic loading is expected to be valuable in obtaining stress measurements in a wide variety of applications involving rapid impulsive loading. The use of R2-line shifts to obtain the mean stress will be useful for material property studies under dynamic loading. DTIC Shock Waves; Ruby; Mathematical Models; Strain Rate; Stimulated Emission; Fiber Optics; Optical Properties; Strain Gages; Shock Tests; Stress Measurement 20010100506 Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Canberra, Australia An Investigation of Target Detection Ability Using Spectral Signatures at Hyperspectral Resolution Bubner, T. P., Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Australia; Kempinger, S. K., Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Australia; Shettigara, V. K., Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Australia; February 2001; 57p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A389244; DSTO-TR-0807; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche This report addresses a variety of issues expected to influence the performance of airborne high spectral resolution (hyperspectral) Electro-Optic (EO) sensors when used as surveillance tools. Fundamental phenomenology issues have been considered with the breadth of this study ranging from investigation into the reflectance properties of materials, the influence of 71
the atmosphere, and modelling of a sensors performance. Simple data analysis and target detection assessment techniques including Target to Clutter Ratio measures. DTIC Electro-Optics; Target Recognition; Target Acquisition 20010100546 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA USA Image Stability Requirements For a Geostationary Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer (GIFTS) Bingham, G. E., Utah State Univ., USA; Cantwell, G., Utah State Univ., USA; Robinson, R. C., Utah State Univ., USA; Revercomb, H. E., Wisconsin Univ., USA; Smith, W. L., NASA Langley Research Center, USA; Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of the Land and Atmosphere; 2001; Volume 4151, pp. 11-20; In English; See also 20010100544; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity A Geostationary Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer (GIFTS) has been selected for the NASA New Millennium Program (NMP) Earth Observing-3 (EO-3) mission. Our paper will discuss one of the key GIFTS measurement requirements, Field of View (FOV) stability, and its impact on required system performance. The GIFTS NMP mission is designed to demonstrate new and emerging sensor and data processing technologies with the goal of making revolutionary improvements in meteorological observational capability and forecasting accuracy. The GIFTS payload is a versatile imaging FTS with programmable spectral resolution and spatial scene selection that allows radiometric accuracy and atmospheric sounding precision to be traded in near real time for area coverage. The GIFTS sensor combines high sensitivity with a massively parallel spatial data collection scheme to allow high spatial resolution measurement of the Earths atmosphere and rapid broad area coverage. An objective of the GIFTS mission is to demonstrate the advantages of high spatial resolution (4 km ground sample distance - gsd) on temperature and water vapor retrieval by allowing sampling in broken cloud regions. This small gsd, combined with the relatively long scan time required (approximately 10 s) to collect high resolution spectra from geostationary (GEO) orbit, may require extremely good pointing control. This paper discusses the analysis of this requirement. Author Imaging Spectrometers; Field of View; Stability; Pointing Control Systems; Fourier Transformation; Geosynchronous Orbits 20010100547 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA USA Calibration of the Geostationary Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer (GIFTS) Best, F. A., Wisconsin Univ., USA; Revercomb, H. E., Wisconsin Univ., USA; Bingham, G. E., Utah State Univ., USA; Knuteson, R. O., Wisconsin Univ., USA; Tobin, D. C., Wisconsin Univ., USA; LaPorte, D. D., Wisconsin Univ., USA; Smith, W. L., NASA Langley Research Center, USA; Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of the Land and Atmosphere; 2001; Volume 4151, pp. 21-31; In English; See also 20010100544 Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAS1-00072; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity The NASA New Millennium Programs Geostationary Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer (GIFTS) requires highly accurate radiometric and spectral calibration in order to carry out its mission to provide water vapor, wind, temperature, and trace gas profiling from geostationary orbit. A calibration concept has been developed for the GIFTS Phase A instrument design. The in-flight calibration is performed using views of two on-board blackbody sources along with cold space. A radiometric calibration uncertainty analysis has been developed and used to show that the expected performance for GIFTS exceeds its top level requirement to measure brightness temperature to better than 1 K. For the Phase A GIFTS design, the spectral calibration is established by the highly stable diode laser used as the reference for interferogram sampling, and verified with comparisons to atmospheric calculations. Author Imaging Spectrometers; Fourier Transformation; Calibrating; Geosynchronous Orbits; Brightness Temperature; Remote Sensing 20010100548 Tokyo Inst. of Tech., Kanagawa, Japan Development of a Visible and Near Infrared Spectrometer for Selenological and Engineering Explorer (SELENE) Matsunaga, Tsuneo, Tokyo Inst. of Tech., Japan; Ohtake, Makiko, National Space Development Agency, Japan; Hirahara, Yasuhiro, Nagoya Univ., Japan; Haruyama, Junichi, National Space Development Agency, Japan; Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of the Land and Atmosphere; 2001; Volume 4151, pp. 32-39; In English; See also 20010100544; Sponsored in part by Jasco Corp.; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity Although the Moon has been investigated from the Earth, manned Apollo program, and numerous unmanned spacecraft including latest Clementine and Lunar Prospector, unresolved issues on the origin and evolution of the Moon still exist. to find clues or hopefully answers to these issues, Japan will send, to the Moon, an orbiting spacecraft called Selenological and 72
Engineering Explorer (SELENE) equipped with a suite of state-of-art mission instruments. Spectral Profiler (SP) is one of the instruments onboard SELENE, and will obtain 0.5 - 2.6 micrometer continuous reflectance spectra of the lunar surface just below SELENE with 500 m swath. As major minerals on the Moon, pyroxene, olivine, and feldspar, have diagnostic spectral features in this spectral region, SPs spectra will provide us information on mineral/rock distributions on the Moon surface globally. Such information from SP will, in combination with other instruments, clarify elemental/compositional characteristics of the lunar surface. This will contribute so much to depict a clear picture of the origin and the evolution of the Moon. to accomplish these scientific goals, engineering issues such as performance requirements and calibration procedures were discussed intensively and comprehensively among SP scientists and engineers. And based on such discussions, the basic instrument design of SP was determined and PM development was started in FY 1998. In FY 1999 and 2000, PM testings, are being conducted. FM design will start in late-2000. In the presentation, current status of SP development will be reported together with background information on SELENE, SP, and the science of the Moon. Author Moon; Minerals; Infrared Spectrometers; Satellite Design; Lunar Surface; Lunar Evolution 20010100549 TRW Space and Electronics Group, Space and Technology Div., USA EO-1/Hyperion Hyperspectral Imager Design, Development, Characterization, and Calibration Folkman, Mark, TRW Space and Electronics Group, USA; Pearlman, Jay, TRW Space and Electronics Group, USA; Liao, Lushalan, TRW Space and Electronics Group, USA; Jarecke, Peter, TRW Space and Electronics Group, USA; Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of the Land and Atmosphere; 2001; Volume 4151, pp. 40-51; In English; See also 20010100544 Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAS5-98161; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity The Hyperion Imaging Spectrometer is one of three principal instruments aboard the EO-1 spacecraft. Its mission as a technology demonstrator is to evaluate on-orbit issues for imaging spectroscopy and to assess the capabilities of a spacebased imaging spectrometer for earth science and earth observation missions. The instrument provides earth imagery at 30 meter spatial resolution, 7.5 km swath width in 220 contiguous spectral bands at 10 nm spectral resolution. Spectral range is from 0.4 gm to 2.5 gm. The instrument includes internal and solar calibration sub-systems. This paper will review the design, construction and calibration of the Hyperion instrument. The on-orbit plans and operations will be presented along with updated calibration and characterization measurements. Author Hyperion; Imaging Spectrometers; Spacecraft Instruments; Remote Sensors; Earth Observations (From Space); Calibrating; Construction 20010100550 Raytheon Electronic Systems, Goleta, CA USA Advanced Technology Imaging Sounder Testbed for Future Environmental Satellite Missions Puschell, Jeffery J., Raytheon Electronic Systems, USA; Martin, Patricia L., Raytheon Electronic Systems, USA; Hurt, W. Todd, Raytheon Electronic Systems, USA; Woo, Jeanette, Raytheon Electronic Systems, USA; Giroux, Mark, Raytheon Electronic Systems, USA; Pelham, Daniel, Raytheon Electronic Systems, USA; Clement, J. Ed, Raytheon Electronic Systems, USA; Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of the Land and Atmosphere; 2001; Volume 4151, pp. 52-59; In English; See also 20010100544; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity This paper describes a ground-based testbed being developed by Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing for evaluating suitability of new Fourier transform spectrometer technology in future environmental satellite missions. The testbed includes a passively-aligned, double-pass cube corner Michelson interferometer that has flexibility to simulate a wide range of possible missions, including moderate spectral resolution imaging, trace chemical detection, and atmospheric sounding. Early testbed results are presented along with initial operational instrument performance assessments that are derived from testbed measurements. Author Remote Sensing; Fourier Transformation; Imaging Spectrometers; Test Stands; Satellite-Borne Instruments 20010100551 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA USA Review of Concepts and Applications for Multispectral/Hyperspectral Focal Plane Array (FPA) Technology McAdoo, James A., NASA Langley Research Center, USA; Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of the Land and Atmosphere; 2001; Volume 4151, pp. 60-67; In English; See also 20010100544; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity Multispectral, and ultimately hyperspectral, focal plane arrays (FPAs) represent the logical extension of two-color FPA technology, which has already shown its utility in military applications. Incorporating the spectral discrimination function directly in the FPA would offer the potential for orders-of-magnitude increase in remote sensor system performance. It would allow 73
reduction or even elimination of optical components currently required to provide spectral discrimination in atmospheric remote sensors. The result would be smaller, simpler instruments with higher performance than exist today. Author Focal Plane Devices; Multispectral Linear Arrays; Remote Sensors; Photometers; Equipment Specifications
20010100552 Raytheon Electronic Systems, Goleta, CA USA Geostationary Wedge-filter Imager-Sounder Puschell, Jeffery J., Raytheon Electronic Systems, USA; Huang, Hung-Lung, Wisconsin Univ., USA; Woolf, Harold M., Wisconsin Univ., USA; Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of the Land and Atmosphere; 2001; Volume 4151, pp. 68-76; In English; See also 20010100544; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity Imaging spectrometry from geostationary earth orbit (GEO) can provide the frequently-refreshed detailed information on physical properties of earths atmosphere and surface needed to enable critical new science missions and ultimately improve operational weather forecasting. We describe and evaluate a concept for imaging spectrometry from GEO that addresses both traditional imaging and sounding applications. Our geostationary Wedge-filter Imaging Spectrometer (WIS) uses spatially variable wedge filter spectrometers to collect earth radiance with approximately 2 km resolution over a 710 - 2900/cm (3.45 - 14.0 micrometers) spectral range at 1% spectral resolution. The resulting instrument, based on LWIR and MWIR wedge-filter spectrometer technology recently developed by Raytheon, would be a compact, rugged imager-sounder with better sensitivity, spectral resolution, spatial resolution and full disk coverage time than current multispectral operational GEO imagers. Sounding performance was simulated with respect to a global database of 119,694 cloud-free samples using a stepwise regression algorithm. Retrieved atmospheric parameters included surface air temperature, surface skin temperature, surface water vapor, total precipitable water vapor, total ozone and vertical profiles of temperature and water vapor. Not only did the conceptual WIS-based instrument outperform the current operational GEO sounder, but also RMS error performance approached that of advanced higher spectral resolution sounders (e.g., 1.2 K/1 km for WIS versus 1 K/1 km for advanced sounders). Due to its higher spatial resolution and more complete spatial coverage, WIS could achieve this high quality cloud free sounding performance roughly two times more frequently than high spectral resolution advanced sounders. Combining this new technology with proven wedge spectrometer approaches for visible and near-infrared wavelengths would provide imaging-sounding data from GEO with unprecedented detail and fidelity for a wide range of weather, climate, land use, ocean color and other earth science studies. Author Remote Sensing; Imaging Spectrometers; Geosynchronous Orbits; Atmospheric Sounding; Spectral Resolution; Spatial Resolution; Meteorological Parameters
20010100553 Satellite Meteorological Center, Beijing, China Optical Characteristics of China Radiometric Calibration Site for Remote Sensing Satellite Sensors (CRCSRSSS) Hu, Xiu-Qing, Satellite Meteorological Center, China; Zhang, Yu-Xiang, Satellite Meteorological Center, China; Liu, Zhi-Quan, Satellite Meteorological Center, China; Zhang, Guang-Shun, Satellite Meteorological Center, China; Huang, Yi-Bin, Satellite Meteorological Center, China; Qiu, Kang-Mu, Satellite Meteorological Center, China; Wang, Yong-Kuan, Satellite Meteorological Center, China; Zhang, Li-Jun, Satellite Meteorological Center, China; Zhu, Xun-Bing, Satellite Meteorological Center, China; Rong, Zhi-Guo, Satellite Meteorological Center, China; Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of the Land and Atmosphere; 2001; Volume 4151, pp. 77-86; In English; See also 20010100544; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity Duhuang site and Qinghai Lake site are selected to be China Radiation calibration site for Remote Sensing Satellite Sensors (CRCSRSSS) in 1996. We have conducted three field measurement campaigns in 1994,1996 and 1999 and obtained a lot of characteristic data of atmosphere and ground reflectance. The results show that the Dunhuang site has a good homogeneity with a low standard deviation of the reflectance which is less than 2% at VIS-SWIR range in 20 x 2O square km. The ground reflectance is between 10% and 35% at 0.35 - 2.5 micrometers spectral range. Atmosphere measurement have shown that Aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 550 nm in two sites is 0.125 and 0.18, which are all small and suitable for in-flight calibration atmosphere condition. The result of Junge aerosol parameter indicate aerosol type in Dunhuang is near to desert model and near to continent model in Qinghai Lake. The columnar water vapor is determined by Modified Langley plot approach in 940 nm band of sun photometer. The result of it are compared with radiosonde data and different within 10%. The diffuse-to-global irradiance ratio by OL754 spectroradiometer is used for the irradiance-based calibration method to improve in-flight sensor calibration accuracy . Author Calibrating; Reflectance; Remote Sensing; Aerosols; Optical Thickness; Water Vapor; Diffuse Radiation 74
20010100554 Xian Inst. of Optics and Precision Mechanics, China Optical System of the Multi-Spectrum CCD Camera Used for Earth Environment Observation Yang, Jian-Feng, Xian Inst. of Optics and Precision Mechanics, China; Zhao, Bao-Chang, Xian Inst. of Optics and Precision Mechanics, China; Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of the Land and Atmosphere; 2001; Volume 4151, pp. 87-93; In English; See also 20010100544; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity A multiple spectrum CCD camera is presented in this paper. The camera is designed for the multiple small satellite remote sensing system that is suggested by Mr. Cheng Fangyun to observe two times every day over any place in the world. The camera designed for the remote sensing of the earth resources and its environment possesses the advantages of lighter weight and wider ground swath. It will be widely used for the mitigation of natural disasters such as forest fire, earthquake and flood, for the general survey of crops distribution, pests and estimation the yield of crops. The focal length of the camera is 154 millimeters, the field angle of view is about 29 degree. For the orbit height of 772 kilometers, the ground swath reaches 400 kilometers, and the ground resolution is 50 meters. The camera uses a 10 microns CCD working at the visible spectrum. The four visible and near infrared channels are 0.45-0.52, 0.52-0.60, 0.63-0.69, and 0.76-0.90 micron, The total weight of the camera is 12 kilograms. Author CCD Cameras; Satellite Observation; Remote Sensing; Satellite-Borne Instruments; Swath Width; Earth Environment 20010100557 Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Tech., Pasadena, CA USA The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on the Earth Observing System Aumann, Hartmut H., Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Tech., USA; Pagano, Thomas S., Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Tech., USA; Strow, Larrabee, Maryland Univ. Baltimore County, USA; Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of the Land and Atmosphere; 2001; Volume 4151, pp. 115-124; In English; See also 20010100544; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity AIRS, the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder on the EOS-Aqua, produces global high precision spectra from 3.7 - 15.4 micron with spectral resolving power mu/delta mu = 1200 twice each day from 708 km orbital altitude. AIRS is the first hyperspectral infrared spectrometer designed to support NOAA/NCEPs operational requirements for medium range weather forecasting during its nominal 7 year lifetime. AIRS, together with the AMSU and HSB microwave radiometers, will achieve global retrieval accuracy of better then 1K rms in the lower troposphere under clear and partly cloudy condition. Based on the excellent radiometric and spectral performance demonstrated during the pre-launch testing, the assimilation of AIRS data into the forecast model is expected to result in major forecast improvements. Launch of AIRS on the EOS AQUA is scheduled for May 2001. Author Atmospheric Sounding; Earth Observing System (EOS); Infrared Spectrometers; Weather Forecasting 20010101167 Wright Lab., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Feature and Extractor Evaluation Concepts for Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) Final Report, 1 Jan.-1 Oct. 1995 Ross, Timothy D.; Westerkamp, Lori A.; Gadd, David A.; Kotz, Robert B.; Oct. 1995; 28p; In English; Prepared in collaboration with Sverdrup Technology Inc., Beavercreek, OH. Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-ARPA Report No.(s): AD-A393578; WL-TR-95-1153; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche This report develops concepts that will support the evaluation planning for the MSTAR features and feature extractors. These concepts will be used later in building a detailed evaluation plan. We began our development by distinguishing between the evaluation of a feature set and the evaluation of an extractor. The specifics for feature evaluation depend upon whether or not it is meaningful to define a truth-value; but in either case, features are evaluated in terms of their sensitivity (at first individually and then as a set) to various factors. The factors of interest fall into the categories of Known, Class, and Noise. Ideal features would be discriminating (high sensitivity to class factors), robust (low sensitivity to noise factors), and predictable (predictable sensitivity to known factors). The evaluation of extractors (including auxiliary information such as runtime/memory use estimates and feature uncertainty) is based on accuracy (when meaningful), design quality, and good software engineering principles. DTIC Target Recognition; Computer Programming; Pattern Recognition 20010101168 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Calibration and Testing of the 6.5 M MMT Adaptive Optics System Johnson, Robert L.; Jan. 2001; 210p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A393583; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A10, Hardcopy; A03, Microfiche This dissertation describes the development, calibration, and testing of the adaptive optics system for the 6.5 m Multiple Mirror Telescope. by employing a deformable secondary mirror, the MMT adaptive optics system uniquely solves several 75
problems typical of astronomical adaptive optics systems. Extra components are eliminated, improving throughput and reducing emissivity. Since the adaptive secondary is integral to the telescope, a corrected beam is presented to any instrument mounted at Cassegrain focus. DTIC Calibrating; Telescopes; Adaptive Optics; Cassegrain Optics 20010102900 National Defence Research Establishment, Dept. of Command and Control Warfare Technology, Linkoeping, Sweden Target Detection and Tracking Processing Chain: A Survey of Methods with Special Reverence to EO/IR Sequences Karlholm, J.; Ulvklo, M.; Nygaerds, J.; Karlsson, M.; Nyberg, S.; December 2000; 198p; In Swedish Report No.(s): PB2001-107274; FOA-R-00-017670408.616-SE; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A09, Hardcopy; A03, Microfiche The report summarizes a study of algorithms for target detection and tracking in EO/IR sequences that was conducted during the autumn and winter 2000 at FOA Linkoping. The following topics are treated: independent motion detection, background registration, statistical background and target characterisation, texture segmentation techniques, small target enhancement and clutter suppression filtering, track-before-detect, and multi-target tracking. In each case the basic principles of the problems are explained and state-of-the-art algorithms described and contrasted. The report contains a comprehensive bibliography. NTIS Target Acquisition; Tracking (Position); Moving Target Indicators 20010102914 Sarnoff Corp., Princeton, NJ USA MEMS Direct View Infrared Vision System (DVIR) Final Report, Sep. 1998 - Nov. 2000 Busta, Heinz H.; Jun. 2001; 73p; In English; Original contains color plates Contract(s)/Grant(s): F30602-98-C-0276; AF Proj. E117 Report No.(s): AD-A393654; Rept-77-001; AFRL-IF-RS-TR-2001-162; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Sarnoff has fabricated 16 x 16 pixel arrays of gated field emitters in which the gate plates are MEMS structures actuated by infrared radiation in the 8 - 12 micro regime. The actuators consist of 250 micro SiC, 20 nm TiW, and 300 nm Au. DTIC Fabrication; Microelectromechanical Systems; Detectors 20010103075 Cincinnati Electronics Corp., Mason, OH USA Resolution Performance Improvements in Staring Imaging Systems Using Micro-Scanning and a Reticulated, Selectable Fill Factor InSb FPA Greiner, Mark E.; Davis, Mike; Sanders, John G.; Feb. 1999; 16p; In English; Original contains color plates Report No.(s): AD-A390374; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche As staring focal plane array (FPA) detectors continue to mature, FPA based IR imaging systems are available in more compact packages that are lighter and consume less power than first or second generation scanning IR sensor packages. However, standard IR analysis models indicate that staring FPA based cameras, while having excellent sensitivity, will have reduced resolution when compared to scanning system cameras with similar sized detector elements and optics. This apparent resolution limitation is created by the fixed sampling of the active pixel size native to staring FPA system cameras. Micro-scanning, a technique which moves the image in sub-pixel steps on the focal plane, can provide some over-sampling and reduce this limitation. Standard attempts at micro-scanning using 2-dimensional staring arrays with near 100% fill factor produce only marginal improvements in resolution in these systems. We will present here a new concept in micro-scanning using an InSb FPA with reticulated detector elements and active area masking to provide a well defined, selectable fill factor. DTIC Focal Plane Devices; Imaging Techniques; Infrared Imagery; Indium Antimonides; Resolution 20010103762 British Columbia Univ., Geophysical Inversion Facility, Vancouver, British Columbia Canada Locating and Characterizing Unexploded Ordnance Using Time Domain Electromagnetic Induction Pasion, Leonard R.; Oldenburg, Douglas W.; Mar. 28, 2001; 89p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAD19-00-1-0120 Report No.(s): AD-A393497; ARO-41262.3-EV; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A05, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche A technique for interpreting Time Domain Electromagnetic (TEM) Data was proposed in Detecting Unexploded Ordnance with Time Domain Electromagnetic Induction (Pasion, 1999). An approximate forward modeling for the TEM response of 76
compact metallic objects, an inversion for recovering model parameters, and relationships between model parameters and a targets physical parameters were established. These findings were combined to form an algorithm for locating and determining the approximate shape of a buried target. DTIC Magnetic Induction; Ordnance; Algorithms; Finite Difference Time Domain Method 20010105219 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USA Performance of Image Intensifiers in Radiographic Systems Baker, S.; King, N.; Jan. 01, 2000; 10p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-763302; LA-UR-00-211; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche Electronic CCD cameras equipped with image intensifiers are increasingly being used for radiographic applications. These systems may be used to replace film recording for static imaging, or at other times CCDS coupled with electro-optical shutters maybe used for static or dynamic (explosive) radiography. Image intensifiers provide precise shattering and signal gain. We have developed a set of performance measures to calibrate systems, compare one system to another, and to predict experimental performance. The performance measures discussed in this paper dead with image quality parameters relating to resolution and signal-to-noise ratio. NTIS Image Intensifiers; Imaging Techniques; Image Resolution; Signal to Noise Ratios; CCD Cameras; Calibrating
36 LASERS AND MASERS

Includes lasing theory, laser pumping techniques, maser amplifiers, laser materials, and the assessment of laser and maser outputs. For cases where the application of the laser or maser is emphasized see also the specific category where the application is treated. For related information see also 76 SolidState Physics.
20010099684 Air Force Inst. of Tech., School of Engineering and Management, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Electronic Quenching of the A(0+u) State of Bi2 Cox, Joseph L., Air Force Inst. of Tech., USA; Mar. 2001; 115p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A392555; AFIT/GAP/ENP/01M-02; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Microfiche; A06, Hardcopy Temporally-resolved laser induced fluorescence of high vibrational levels in Bi2 A(0(sub u)(+)) above and below the predissociation limit of v=22 were investigated by observing total fluorescence from a wavelength tunable, pulsed dye laser. Electronic quenching of Bi2 A(0(sub u)(+)) by five collision partners (Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, N2) was examined for four vibrational levels (v=22, 23, 24, 25). Electronic quenching by a sixth collision partner (He) was examined for eight vibrational levels (v=18 through 25). The quenching from stable vibrational levels (v=</22) was independent of vibrational quantum number. A significant increase in quenching occurs for the predissociated level v=23. Electronic quenching transfer rates ranged from 227.3 to 850.5x10(exp 13) cu cm/molec/sec for v=22 and from 741.2 to 1570x10(exp 13) cu cm/molec/sec for v=23, and are very nearly gas kinetic for v=23. Electronic quenching of higher vibrational levels (v>23) was not temporally resolvable by the experimental apparatus. DTIC Vibration; Pulsed Lasers; Tunable Lasers; Laser Induced Fluorescence 20010100942 Institute for Computer Applications in Science and Engineering, Hampton, VA USA Computation of Nonlinear Backscattering Using a High-Order Numerical Method Fibich, G.; Ilan, B.; Tsynkov, S.; Jul. 2001; 13p; In English; Prepared in cooperation with Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina. Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAS1-97046 Report No.(s): AD-A393639; ICASE-2001-21; NASA-L-CR-2001-211036; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche The nonlinear Schrodinger equation (NLS) is the standard model for propagation of intense laser beams in Kerr media. The NLS is derived from the nonlinear Helmholtz equation (NLH) by employing the paraxial approximation and neglecting the backscattered waves. In this study we use a fourth-order finite-difference method supplemented by special two-way artificial 77
boundary conditions (ABCs) to solve the NLH as a boundary value problem. Our numerical methodology allows for a direct comparison of the NLH and NLS models and for an accurate quantitative assessment of the backscattered signal. DTIC Wave Propagation; Laser Beams; Boundary Value Problems; Boundary Conditions; Differential Equations; Schroedinger Equation 20010102752 Ceskoslovenska Akademie Ved, Inst. of Physics, Prague, Czechoslovakia Testing of the Supersonic COIL Driven by a Jet SOG Using a Diode Probe Diagnostic, and Investigation of the Chemical Generation of Atomic Iodine for COIL Final Report Kodymova, Marmila; Apr. 04, 2001; 48p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F61775-00-W-E032 Report No.(s): AD-A393683; EOARD-SPC00-4032; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche This report results from a contract tasking Institute of Physics Academy of Sciences as follows: The contractor will investigate the previously developed supersonic COIL driven by a jet singlet oxygen generator. Its operation will be explored using the tunable diode laser provided by AFRL. They will also investigate the chemical generation of atomic iodine for a COIL using apparatus designed and built under their previous contract(s). DTIC Chemical Lasers; Oxygen; Tunable Lasers; Jet Flow; Gas Generators 20010102917 AdvR, Inc., Bozeman, MT USA Phase-Locked Fiber Laser Array Final Report, Mar. 2000 - Apr. 2001 Switzer, Gregg; Apr. 2001; 18p; In English; Original contains color plates Contract(s)/Grant(s): F29601-00-C-0077; AF Proj. 3005 Report No.(s): AD-A393641; AFRL-DE-TR-2001-1035; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche We present a rugged method for controlling the phase of multiple, continuous wave (cw) laser beams using a compact device for coherent addition of radiation. The concept employs an array of electro-optically controlled waveguides in Potassium Titanyl Phosphate (KTP). The phase of each beam is controlled by altering the index of refraction of each waveguide in the array with an individually addressable voltage. A fiber array containing 16 single mode fibers is aligned to an array of KTP waveguides with an average coupling efficiency of 50%. Pi phase shifts are achieved with voltages as low as 30V. This technique provides a direct path to adding up an arbitrary number of low power fiber lasers and/or fiber amplifiers to obtain a high-power output. Furthermore, KTP is transparent from 350nm to 4500nm, so the device will work with many different kinds of lasers. DTIC Phase Locked Systems; Laser Beams; Laser Arrays; Continuous Wave Lasers; Coherent Radiation; Optical Fibers; Fiber Optics 20010104674 Leica Geosystems, Inc., Norcross, GA USA Pocket Laser Rangefinder Dunnill, William; Gees, Juerg; Schneider, Daniel; van Seeters, Jos; Zadravec, Dusan; Aug. 16, 2001; 21p; In English; Proceedings from the 2001 Joint Services Small Arms Symposium, Exhibition and Firing Demonstration, 13-16 Aug. 2001, USA Report No.(s): AD-A393828; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Microfiche; A03, Hardcopy Presentation given at the 2001 Joint Services Small Arms Symposium, 13-16 August 2001, sponsored by the National Defense Industrial Association. DTIC Laser Range Finders; Conferences; Military Technology 20010105187 Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA USA Optical modeling of the Jefferson Laboratory IR Demo FEL Benson, S. V.; Davidson, P. S.; Jain, R.; Kloeppel, P. K.; Neil, G. R.; Nov. 01, 1997; 14p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-548736; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge The Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Lab) is in the process of building a 1 kW free-electron laser operates at 3 microns. The details of the accelerator driver are given in other papers in these proceedings. The optical cavity consists of a near-concentric resonator with transmissive outcoupling. Though several free-electron lasers have used similar designs, they have not had to confront the high average-power loading present in this laser. It is useful to know the limits of this type of optical cavity design. The optical system of the laser has been modeled using the commercial code GLAD(reg-sign) by using a Beers-law region to mimic the FEL interaction. The effects of mirror heating have been calculated and compared with 78
analytical treatments. The magnitude of the distortion for several materials and wave-lengths has been estimated. The model developed here allows one to quickly determine whether the mirror substrates and coatings are adequate for operation at a given optical power level once the absorption of the coatings, substrate, and transmission are known. Results of calculations of the maximum power level expected using several different sets of mirrors will be presented. Measurements of the distortion in calcium fluoride from absorption of carbon dioxide laser light are planned to benchmark the simulations. Multimode simulations using the code ELIXER have been carried out to characterize the saturated optical mode quality. The results will be presented. NTIS Free Electron Lasers; Manufacturing; Optical Equipment; Simulation; Models
37 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Includes mechanical devices and equipment; machine elements and processes. For cases where the application of a device or the host vehicle is emphasized see also the specific category where the application or vehicle is treated. For robotics see 63 Cybernetics, Artificial Intelligence, and Robotics; and 54 Man/System Technology and Life Support.
20010099696 Naval Air Warfare Center, Aircraft Div., Patuxent River, MD USA Foil Face Seal Development Munson, John; Grant, Darrell; Agrawal, Giri; Jul. 11, 2001; 11p; In English; AIAA 2001-3483. Prepared in collaboration with Rolls Royce, Indianapolis, IN and R and D Dynamics, Bloomfield, CT. Report No.(s): AD-A392301; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche This paper describes the development to date of a novel combination of a foil gas thrust bearing and conventional face seal secondary to produce a hybrid design. The thrust-bearing portion has demonstrated an ability to handle sea face distortion far in excess of any other gas film riding seal. Some seal leakage has been sacrificed to accomplish this. Testing of the complete seal package including the secondary seal remains to be done. This will allow determination of actual seal leakage rates. The hybrid concept has some flexibility to tailor leakage rates and distortion capability. It is expected that an optimized configuration will be tested in the AADC/GE Phase III JTDE engine. DTIC Thrust Bearings; Foil Bearings; Seals (Stoppers) 20010100389 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA A Controlled Arc Welding and Separation Processes for Carbon Nanotubes Benavides, Jeannette, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Shaw, Harry, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; [2001]; 16p; In English; Nanotubes 2001, 22-26 Jul. 2001, Germany; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Stage 1 for the Carbon Nanotube Project has been completed. This videograph presents the proposal for Stage 2. The goals of this stage are to: (1) produce CNTs under different conditions such as cooling temperature, voltage, current, cathode and anode sizes; (2) use ferrocene to make longer CNTs; (3) characterize CNTs by spectroscopic methods; (4) develop applications of CNTs, i.e., batteries, composites, wires, etc.; and (5) complete the patent application. CASI Carbon Nanotubes; Nanostructure (Characteristics); Arc Welding; Characterization; Utilization 20010105201 Department of Energy, Washington, DC USA Combining Noise Factors and Process Parameters in a Response Surface Wyckoff, J. J.; Mar. 19, 1998; 21p Report No.(s): DE2001-16831; KCP-613-6062; CONF-9806120,DE98059404; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche This presentation covers the strategy and analysis of an experiment to characterize a gas tungsten arc welding process. The experiment combined four uncontrolled noise factors and four controlled process parameters. A nontraditional response surface design was employed. Multiple responses were modeled. Optimal settings for the process parameters to successfully weld the widest range of the pertinent product features were identified. Thus, the process was made against noise factors. Comparisons are made between the experimental and analytical approach taken versus the Taguchi style of experimentation and analysis. This 79
comparison is mainly done with respect to the information gained, such as product design criteria, incoming material specifications, and process adjustments for nonconforming material. NTIS Design Analysis; Gas Tungsten Arc Welding; Experiment Design; Noise (Sound)
38 QUALITY ASSURANCE AND RELIABILITY

Includes approaches to, and methods for reliability analysis and control, inspection, maintainability, and standardization.
20010099423 Brookhaven National Lab., Dept. of Energy Sciences and Technology, Upton, NY USA Non-Destructive Testing Methods for Geothermal Piping Berndt, M. L., Brookhaven National Lab., USA; March 2001; 22p; In English Report No.(s): PB2001-105423; BNL-68166; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Microfiche; A03, Hardcopy Non-destructive testing is a key component of optimized plant inspection and maintenance programs. Risk based inspection, condition based maintenance and reliability centered maintenance systems all require detection, location and sizing of defects or flaws by non-destructive methods. Internal damage of geothermal piping by corrosion and erosion-corrosion is an ongoing problem requiring inspection and subsequent maintenance decisions to ensure safe and reliable performance. Conventional manual ultrasonic testing to determine remaining wall thickness has major limitations, particularly when damage is of a random and localized nature. Therefore, it is necessary to explore alternative non-destructive methods that offer potential benefits in terms of accurate quantification of size, shape and location of damage, probability of detection, ability to use on-line over long ranges, and economics. A review of non-destructive methods and their applicability to geothermal piping was performed. Based on this, ongoing research will concentrate on long range guided wave and dynamic methods. NTIS Pipes (Tubes); Nondestructive Tests; Geothermal Technology 20010100456 Argonne National Lab., IL USA Nonintrusive Ultrasonic Sensor for Monitoring and Control of Electroconsolidation (Trade Name) Process Gopalsami, N.; Chien, H. T.; Goldberger, W. M.; Sep. 25, 2000; 11p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-766293; ANL/ET/CP-101828; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche Electroconsolidation is a proprietary process for rapid pressure-assisted densification of complex-shaped parts made from powder preforms. The resistive heating used in this method allows extremely high temperatures to be generated rapidly. This paper describes an ultrasonic pitch-catch technique for non-intrusive measurement of temperature within the die cell; this technique can be used for precise control of densification and sintering of parts. Results of ultrasonic data for heating trials conducted at up to 2000DGC indicate that average axial temperature in the die can be predicted within 3%. NTIS Nonintrusive Measurement; Ultrasonic Tests; Sensors; Densification 20010101089 Argonne National Lab., IL USA Magnetic imaging of a buried SmCo layer in a spring magnet Pollmann, J.; Srajer, G.; Haskel, D.; Lang, J. C.; Maser, J.; Oct. 24, 2000; 13p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-766300; ANL/XFD/CP-102547; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche Images of the magnetic domain structure in a 1600 thick buried SmCo layer in a Fe/SmCo spring magnet were obtained using a newly developed x-ray microprobe. This probe combines circularly polarizing optics with a micro focusing Fresnel zone plate to obtain a highly polarized, small cross-section x-ray beam in the energy range between 5 and 10 keV. X-ray magnetic circular dichroism was used to provide contrast between different magnetic domains as a function of the externally applied magnetic field. The obtained images show domain walls not oriented parallel to the external field but correlated with structural features in the sample. A plausible explanation is pinning of domain walls at stacking faults in the layer. The range of external fields for which the magnetic reorientation of a particular microscopic domain occurred was much smaller than the range measured for a macroscopic hysteresis loop, indicating that the reorientation is due to growth of domains developed at local nucleation points. NTIS Nucleation; Samarium; Cobalt Alloys; Magnets; Imaging Techniques 80
20010105193 Department of Energy, Washington, DC USA Wrap 1, operational test report box non-destructive examination system Bottenus, R. J.; Apr. 14, 1997; 66p Report No.(s): DE2001-16886; HNF-SD-W026-OTR-011; DE98059731; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche The Box Non-Destructive (NDE) System was operationally tested including the interfaces with the Plant Control System (PCS) and the Data Management System (DMS) computers on August 5, 1996. The Box NDE system performed adequately. A test box was loaded/unloaded to/from the box conveyor/scale using a fork lift. The NDE System was shown to satisfactorily receive a box from the box conveyor/scale, x-ray a box, display x-ray images of the box, store x-ray images to both optical disks and video tapes, and discharge a box to the box conveyor/scale. The PCS was shown to close and open the vault doors. The DMS was shown to allow the radiographers to record the x-ray image storage locations as well as pertinent x-ray information. NTIS Nondestructive Tests; Performance Tests; Data Management; Conveyors
39 STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
Includes structural element design, analysis and testing; dynamic responses of structures; weight analysis; fatigue and other structural properties; and mechanical and thermal stresses in structure. For applications see 05 Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance and 18 Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance.
20010099944 General Accounting Office, Office of Policy, Washington, DC USA TELECOMMUTING: Overview of Challenges Facing Federal Agencies RObertson, Robert E.; Sep. 06, 2001; 9p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A393776; GAO/01-1116T; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche I am pleased to be here today to discuss telecommuting and our recent work in this area. Telecommuting refers to work that is performed at an employees home or at a work location other than a traditional business office or facility. Over the past decade, telecommuting has gained widespread attention as a business approach that may offer a variety of potential benefits to employers, employees, and society. Last spring, the House Majority Leader asked us to identify potential regulatory, tax, and liability barriers that concern private sector employers considering telecommuting programs for their employees. In July, we briefed the Majority Leader and several other Members of Congress on the results of our research. As you requested, our statement today is based largely on this work and includes our observations on telecommutings applicability to the public sector. DTIC Position (Location); Personnel; Conferences; Telecommunication; Employment 20010100131 Army Research Lab., Human Research and Engineering Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA An Analysis of Parameters for the Johnson-Cook Strength Model for 2-in-Thick Rolled Homogeneous Armor Final Report, Jan.-Mar. 1998 Meyer, Hubert W., Jr.; Kleponis, David S.; Jun. 2001; 38p; In English; Original contains color plates Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-AH80 Report No.(s): AD-A392414; ARL-TR-2528; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Yield strength obtained from quasi-static strength data for rolled homogeneous armor (RHA) was combined with dynamic strength data for 2-in (51-mm) RHA to generate Johnson-Cook parameters for 2-in RHA. One parameter was fixed based on the quasi-static strength data, and a least-squares method was used to fit the others individually. The fit was tested with CHT by simulating the penetration of stacks of 2.5-in-thick (63.5-mm) RHA plates (the closest available experimental data). Parameter analysis and comparison of the simulations to experiment substantiated the approach. DTIC Armor; Yield Strength; Tensile Properties; Computer Programs; Least Squares Method 20010103547 Universal Technology Corp., Dayton, OH USA High Cycle Fatigue (HCF) Science and Technology Program 2000 Annual Report Final Report, 1 Jan.-31 Dec. 2000 Garrison, Brian; Jan. 2000; 219p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F33615-98-C-2807; AF Proj. APPL Report No.(s): AD-A391456; AFRL-PR-WP-TR-2001-2010; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A10, Hardcopy; A03, Microfiche 81
This fourth annual report of the National Turbine Engine High Cycle Fatigue (HCF) Program is a brief review of work completed, work in progress, and technical accomplishments. This program is a coordinated effort with participation by the Air Force, the Navy, and NASA. The technical efforts are organized under eight Action Teams: Materials Damage Tolerance Research, Forced Response Prediction, Component Analysis, Instrumentation, Passive Damping Technology, Component Surface Treatments, Aeromechanical Characterization, and Engine Demonstration. Daniel E. Thomson, AFRL/PRTC, Wright-Patterson AFB, is the Program Manager. DTIC Aircraft Engines; Fatigue (Materials); Research and Development; High Strength Alloys; Surface Treatment; Gas Turbine Engines; Fatigue Tests 20010103784 Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Airframes and Engines Div., Fishermans Bend, Australia An Evaluation of 3D Crack Growth Using ZENCRACK Hou, Jianfu; Goldstraw, Matthew; Maan, Simon; Knop, Mark; May 2001; 40p; In English; Original contains color plates Report No.(s): AD-A393143; DSTO-TR-1158; DODA-AR-011-878; Copyright; Avail: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) DSTO has been continuously enhancing its capability to provide through-life support to the ADF in aircraft engine life extension and engine component life management. One of the major requirements is an enhancement in computational 3D crack growth modelling and analysis. This report presents the critical issues involved in 3D crack growth and evaluates the results of a 3D crack growth capability in the ZENCRACK software with an emphasis on its validity and applicability to our major requirements. The primary issues to be dealt with in practice for 3D crack modelling are outlined together with the limitations of existing software. The methodology and techniques implemented in ZENCRACK are described and discussed. Four practical applications of ZENCRACK and individual evaluations for particular problems are presented and discussed in detail. The various limitations and uncertainties encountered in the practical applications are identified. In particular, it is found that ZENCRACK is a useful tool for the calculation of stress intensity factors but is limited in terms of its accuracy for predicting crack growth rate. Conclusions and recommendations are made for more accurate 3D crack growth modelling. DTIC Computer Programs; Stress Analysis; Crack Propagation; Three Dimensional Models 20010105182 Georgia Inst. of Tech., Atlanta, GA USA Direct evaluation of T(sub Epsilon)(asterik) integral from experimentally measured near tip displacement field, for a plate with stably propagating crack (Residual life and strength prediction and life enhancement of structures) Okada, H.; Atluri, S. N.; Sep. 01, 1998; 46p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-761907; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche In this paper, we discuss a procedure for the determination of the T(sub episilon)(asterick) from experimentally measured surface displacement data near the crack-tip in a plate. Difficulties in such attempts lie in the determination of the stresses. The experimentally measured displacements are, in general, desecrate data with respect to time. In the case of metallic materials, it is quite difficult to determine stresses, due to lack of complete information on the deformation history. In general, the determination of stresses for ductile material requires a complete information on strain history. The stresses and work density, which are necessary in the TC evaluation, may be very erroneous, if such information is not complete. Hence the calculated T(epilison)(asterick) integral value may involve an unacceptably large error. NTIS Cracks; Plates (Structural Members); Crack Propagation; Service Life; Crack Tips
42 GEOSCIENCES (GENERAL)
Includes general research topics related to the Earth sciences, and the specific areas of petrology, mineralogy, and general geology. For other specific topics in geosciences see categories 41 through 48.
20010099588 Geological Survey, Water Resources Div., Idaho Falls, ID USA Laboratory and Field Hydrologic Characterization of the Shallow Subsurface at an Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory Waste-Disposal Site Nimmo, J. R.; Shakofsky, S. M.; Kaminsky, J. F.; Lords, G. S.; November 1999; 38p; In English Report No.(s): PB2001-107613; USGS/WRD/WRI-99-4263; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge 82
The characterization of waste-disposal sites requires knowledge of unsaturated flow, normally obtained using formulations based on Darcys law or Richards equation, for which two hydraulic properties of the porous media, the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, and the soil-water retention relation, must be determined. The extensive modification of the shallow subsurface at a waste-burial site can alter these properties and hence the unsaturated hydrology. These properties and their alteration should be accounted for in planning and constructing a waste facility. The authors study assesses, through comparison with actual flow behavior, (1) the value of several types of standard unsaturated hydraulic property measurements for characterizing a waste-disposal site at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory and (2) the effect of landfill-construction disturbance on unsaturated-zone flow at the site. NTIS Waste Disposal; Data Acquisition; Hydrology 20010099591 Geological Survey, Water Resources Div., Hartford, CT USA Water Resources Data for Connecticut, Water Year 2000 Annual Report, 31 Oct. 1999 - 30 Sep. 00 Ranzau, C. E.; Davies, B. S.; Frick, T. W.; Collins, T. M.; June 2001; 356p; In English Report No.(s): PB2001-107440; USGS/WDR/CT-00/1; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A16, Hardcopy; A03, Microfiche Water resources data for the 2000 water year for Connecticut consist of records of stage, discharge, and water-quality of streams; stage, contents, and water-quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels of ground-water wells. Specifically, this report contains: (1) discharge records for 44 streamflow-gaging stations, and for 40 partial-record streamflow stations and miscellaneous sites; (2) stage-only records for 4 tidal-gaging stations; (3) water-quality records for 15 streamflow-gaging stations, for 20 ungaged stream sites, for 1 reservoir, and (4) water-level records for 71 wells. Additional data were collected at various sites not part of the systematic data-collection program and are published as miscellaneous sites. NTIS Connecticut; Ground Water; Hydrology; Water Resources; Surface Water 20010100132 Interior Dept., National Irrigation Water Quality Program, Washington, DC USA Biological Effects of Selenium and Other Contaminants Associated with Irrigation Drainage in the Salton Sea Area, California 1992-1994 Final Report Bennett, J., Interior Dept., USA; December 1998; 48p; In English Report No.(s): PB2001-105728; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche This publication presents a summary of investigated contaminants associated with drain water in the Salton Sea area from 1986-1990 and the advancement into Phase IV, remediation planning. This report describes the biological effects of environmental contaminants on several important fish and wildlife species in the Salton Sea areas that were investigated in 1992-94. NTIS Biological Effects; Contaminants; Pollution Monitoring; Selenium; Water Pollution; Irrigation 20010100391 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA USA NASAs Atmospheric Effects of Aviation Project Cofer, W. Randy, III, NASA Langley Research Center, USA; Anderson, Bruce E., NASA Langley Research Center, USA; Connors, V. S., NASA Langley Research Center, USA; Wey, C. C., NASA Glenn Research Center, USA; Sanders, T., NASA Glenn Research Center, USA; Winstead, E. L., Science Applications International Corp., USA; Pui, C., Minnesota Univ., USA; Chen, Da-ren, Minnesota Univ., USA; Hagen, D. E., Missouri Univ., USA; Whitefield, P., Missouri Univ., USA; October 2001; 21p; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): RTOP 622-63-10-708 Report No.(s): NASA/TM-2001-211226; NAS 1.15:211226; L-18095; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche During August 1-14, 1999, NASAs Atmospheric Effects of Aviation Project (AEAP) convened a workshop at the NASA Langley Research Center to try to determine why such a wide variation in aerosol emissions indices and chemical and physical properties has been reported by various independent AEAP-supported research teams trying to characterize the exhaust emissions of subsonic commercial aircraft. This workshop was divided into two phases, a laboratory phase and a field phase. The laboratory phase consisted of supplying known particle number densities (concentrations) and particle size distributions to a common manifold for the participating research teams to sample and analyze. The field phase was conducted on an aircraft run-up pad. Participating teams actually sampled aircraft exhaust generated by a Langley T-38 Talon aircraft at 1 and 9 m behind the engine 83
at engine powers ranging from 48 to 100 percent. Results from the laboratory phase of this intercomparison workshop are reported in this paper. Author Atmospheric Effects; Exhaust Emission; Aerosols; Jet Exhaust 20010103772 California Univ., Lawrence Berkeley Lab., Berkeley, CA USA Earth Sciences Division Annual Report 1997 Jan. 01, 1997; 175p; In Romanian Report No.(s): DE2001-764329; LBNL-42452; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche The earth and environmental sciences play a central role in many of the most challenging issues addressed by the DOE: Safe disposal of radioactive wastes, Reliable, environmentally sound, and affordable energy supplies, Cost-effective remediation of soils and groundwater at the Department of Energys facilities, Understanding how burning fossil fuels influences climate change, Expanding the fundamental knowledge needed to address these and future issues, Education of our future scientists and engineers. NTIS Geology; Reports; Radioactive Wastes; Climate Change; Laboratories 20010103778 Geological Survey, Water Resources Div., Columbia, SC USA Users Guide for Polyethylene-Based Passive Diffusion Bag Samplers to Obtain Volatile Organic Compound Concentrations in Wells, Part 2, Field Tests Vroblesky, D. A., Geological Survey, USA; 2001; 104p; In English; Prepared in cooperation with the Interstate Technology Regulatory Cooperattion Work Group Report No.(s): PB2001-107312; USGS/WRI-01-4061; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A06, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche This report presents six case studies where passive diffusion bag (PDB) samplers were tested under field conditions. NTIS Diffusion; Polyethylenes; Volatile Organic Compounds; Wells; Field Tests; Water Sampling 20010103779 Geological Survey, Water Resources Div., Columbia, SC USA Users Guide for Polyethylene-Based Passive Diffusion Bag Samplers to Obtain Volatile Organic Compound Concentrations in Wells, Part 1, Deployment, Recovery, Data Interpretation, and Quality Control and Assurance Vroblesky, D. A.; 2001; 26p; In English; Prepared in cooperation with Interstate Technology Regulatory Cooperation Workgroup Report No.(s): PB2001-107311; USGS/WRI-01-4060-Pt-1; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche The purposes of this document are to present methods for PDB sampler deployment, and recovery; to discuss approaches for determining the applicability of passive diffusion samplers; and to discuss various factors influencing interpretation of the data. The intended audience for the methodology sections of this report is managers and field personnel involved in using PDB samplers. The discussion of PDB sampler applicability and interpretation of the data is suited for project managers, technical personnel, and the regulatory community. Part 2 of this report presents case studies of PDB-sampler field applications. NTIS Ground Water; User Manuals (Computer Programs); Quality Control; Volatile Organic Compounds 20010105216 Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM USA Dual Porosity vs. Dual Permeability Models of Matrix Diffusion in Fractured Rock Ho, C. K.; Sep. 25, 2000; 12p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-763324; SAND2000-2336C; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche Water flow in unsaturated and saturated geologic units is an important process for performance assessment studies of the potential repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. The unsaturated and saturated zones can act as pathways for radionuclide transport from the potential repository to surrounding areas where the water may be used by humans. As a result, it is important to understand mechanisms that may retard the transport of radionuclides through these zones. Matrix diffusion, which is defined as the diffusion of radionuclides between fractures and rock matrix, is one of these potential retardation mechanisms. Two methods available to simulate matrix diffusion include the dual-porosity and dual-permeability models. The remainder of this paper presents these two approaches, and simulations of radionuclide transport in the unsaturated zone using these two approaches are discussed. Model results are described, and the underlying processes that give rise to differences in the results are explained. NTIS Porosity; Radioactive Isotopes; Fractures (Materials) 84
43 EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING

Includes remote sensing of earth features, phenomena and resources by aircraft, balloon, rocket, and spacecraft; analysis or remote sensing data and imagery; development of remote sensing products; photogrammetry; and aerial photographs. For instrumentation see 35 Instrumentation and Photography.
20010100405 Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Maritime Operations Div., Fishermans Bend, Australia Remote Sensing of Ocean Waters with Raman and Brillouin Scattering Mukerjee, Joyanto; Mar. 2001; 34p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A393167; DSTO-TN-0346; DSTO/AMRL-AR-011-826; Copyright; Avail: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) This document presents a literature survey on the remote sensing of ocean waters with Raman and Brillouin scattering. It explains the physical process involved for these scattering processes to occur in water and a description of techniques employed by researchers to exploit Raman and Brillouin scattering to measure temperature and sound velocity in water. The papers surveyed for this report present measurement accuracies ranging from +/- 0.75 m/sec to +/- 10 m/sec for measuring sound velocity using Brillouin scattering and +/- 0.4 deg C to 2 deg C for measuring temperature using Raman scattering. DTIC Remote Sensing; Oceans; Water; Temperature Measurement; Raman Spectra 20010100544 International Society for Optical Engineering, Bellingham, WA USA Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of the Land and Atmosphere Smith, William L., Editor, NASA Langley Research Center, USA; Yasuoka, Yoshifumi, Editor, Tokyo Univ., Japan; 2001; ISSN 0277-786X; 350p; In English, 9-12 Oct. 2000, Sendai, Japan; Sponsored by International Society for Optical Engineering, USA; See also 20010100545 through 20010100577; Original contains color illustrations; ISBN 0-8194-3804-9; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity These proceedings from the technical conference on Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of the Land and Atmosphere include papers presented during oral and poster sessions on instruments and systems, applications to atmospheric science, ecosystems, and other surface process applications. In the Instruments and Systems sessions, emphasis was placed on the new hyperspectral remote sensors soon to be aboard geostationary and polar satellites to observe atmospheric profiles with unprecedented spatial and temporal resolutions. Atmospheric Science papers include applications to meteorology, including weather and climate prediction, atmospheric chemistry, and dust and fire impacts on the environment. Results from spectroscopic investigations, aircraft measurement campaigns, and regional ground measurements are also reported. Within the Ecosystems sessions, emphasis was placed on remote sensing of vegetation health and net primary production. Other hyperspectral remote sensing applications include the monitoring of human-produced light energy, of crop productivity, and of lake and sea surface temperature. Author Conferences; Remote Sensing; Atmospheric Sounding; Ecosystems; Satellite Imagery 20010100545 Wisconsin Univ., Space Science and Engineering Center, Madison, WI USA Demonstration of Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) Performance for Planetary and Geostationary Earth Observing Revercomb, Henry E., Wisconsin Univ., USA; Sromovsky, Lawrence A., Wisconsin Univ., USA; Fry, Patrick M., Wisconsin Univ., USA; Best, Fred A., Wisconsin Univ., USA; LaPorte, Daniel D., Wisconsin Univ., USA; Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of the Land and Atmosphere; 2001; Volume 4151, pp. 1-10; In English; See also 20010100544 Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAG5-6248; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity The combination of massively parallel spatial sampling and accurate spectral radiometry offered by imaging FTS makes it extremely attractive for earth and planetary remote sensing. We constructed a breadboard instrument to help assess the potential for planetary applications of small imaging FTS instruments in the 1 - 5 micrometer range. The results also support definition of the NASA Geostationary Imaging FTS (GIFTS) instrument that will make key meteorological and climate observations from geostationary earth orbit. The Planetary Imaging FTS (PIFTS) breadboard is based on a custom miniaturized Bomen interferometer that uses corner cube reflectors, a wishbone pivoting voice-coil delay scan mechanism, and a laser diode metrology system. The interferometer optical output is measured by a commercial infrared camera procured from Santa Barbara Focalplane. It uses an InSb 128x128 detector array that covers the entire FOV of the instrument when coupled with a 25 mm focal length commercial camera lens. With appropriate lenses and cold filters the instrument can be used from the visible to 5 micrometers. The delay scan is continuous, but slow, covering the maximum range of +/- 0.4 cm in 37.56 sec at a rate of 500 image frames per 85
second. Image exposures are timed to be centered around predicted zero crossings. The design allows for prediction algorithms that account for the most recent fringe rate so that timing jitter produced by scan speed variations can be minimized. Response to a fixed source is linear with exposure time nearly to the point of saturation. Linearity with respect to input variations was demonstrated to within 0.16% using a 3-point blackbody calibration. Imaging of external complex scenes was carried out at low and high spectral resolution. These require full complex calibration to remove background contributions that vary dramatically over the instrument FOV. Testing is continuing to demonstrate the precise radiometric accuracy and noise characteristics. Author Remote Sensing; Fourier Transformation; Imaging Spectrometers; Breadboard Models; Interferometers; Imaging Techniques; Near Infrared Radiation 20010100555 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA USA Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of Atmospheric Profiles from Satellites and Aircraft Smith, W. L., NASA Langley Research Center, USA; Zhou, D. K., NASA Langley Research Center, USA; Harrison, F. W., NASA Langley Research Center, USA; Revercomb, H. E., Wisconsin Univ., USA; Larar, A. M., NASA Langley Research Center, USA; Huang, H. L., Wisconsin Univ., USA; Huang, B., Wisconsin Univ., USA; Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of the Land and Atmosphere; 2001; Volume 4151, pp. 94-102; In English; See also 20010100544; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity A future hyperspectral resolution remote imaging and sounding system, called the GIFTS (Geostationary Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer), is described. An airborne system, which produces the type of hyperspectral resolution sounding data to be achieved with the GIFTS, has been flown on high altitude aircraft. Results from simulations and from the airborne measurements are presented to demonstrate the revolutionary remote sounding capabilities to be realized with future satellite hyperspectral remote imaging/sounding systems. Author Remote Sensing; Airborne Equipment; Atmospheric Sounding; Fourier Transformation; Imaging Spectrometers; High Altitude 20010100556 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA USA Geostationary Imaging FTS (GIFTS) Data Processing: Measurement Simulation and Compression Huang, Hung-Lung, Wisconsin Univ., USA; Revercomb, H. E., Wisconsin Univ., USA; Thom, J., Wisconsin Univ., USA; Antonelli, P. B., Wisconsin Univ., USA; Osborne, B., Wisconsin Univ., USA; Tobin, D., Wisconsin Univ., USA; Knuteson, R., Wisconsin Univ., USA; Garcia, R., Wisconsin Univ., USA; Dutcher, S., Wisconsin Univ., USA; Li, J., Wisconsin Univ., USA; Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of the Land and Atmosphere; 2001; Volume 4151, pp. 103-114; In English; See also 20010100544; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity GIFTS (Geostationary Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer), a forerunner of next generation geostationary satellite weather observing systems, will be built to fly on the NASA EO-3 geostationary orbit mission in 2004 to demonstrate the use of large area detector arrays and readouts. Timely high spatial resolution images and quantitative soundings of clouds, water vapor, temperature, and pollutants of the atmosphere for weather prediction and air quality monitoring will be achieved. GIFTS is novel in terms of providing many scientific returns that traditionally can only be achieved by separate advanced imaging and sounding systems. GIFTS ability to obtain half-hourly high vertical density wind over the full earth disk is revolutionary. However, these new technologies bring forth many challenges for data transmission, archiving, and geophysical data processing. In this paper, we will focus on the aspect of data volume and downlink issues by conducting a GIFTS data compression experiment. We will discuss the scenario of using principal component analysis as a foundation for atmospheric data retrieval and compression of uncalibrated and un-normalized interferograms. The effects of compression on the degradation of the signal and noise reduction in interferogram and spectral domains will be highlighted. A simulation system developed to model the GIFTS instrument measurements is described in detail. Author Geosynchronous Orbits; Fourier Transformation; Imaging Spectrometers; Remote Sensing; Atmospheric Sounding; Satellite Observation; Data Transmission; Data Processing; Data Compression; Data Retrieval; Data Simulation 20010100559 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe G.m.b.H., Inst. fuer Meteorologie und Klimaforschung, Karlsruhe, Germany Optimized Microwindows in Atmospheric Spectroscopy vonClarmann, Thomas, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe G.m.b.H., Germany; Echle, G., Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe G.m.b.H., Germany; Fischer, H., Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe G.m.b.H., Germany; Glatthor, N., Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe G.m.b.H., Germany; Kimmich, E., Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe G.m.b.H., Germany; Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of the Land and Atmosphere; 2001; Volume 4151, pp. 135-142; In English; See also 20010100544; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity 86
Hyperspectral remote sensing is a challenge to data analysis due to the large data rate. Since it will often not be possible to analyze the entity of measured spectral data, so-called microwindows are selected which contain the bulk of information on the target state parameters to be retrieved. while any interfering signal is minimized. We. discuss the benefits of a quantitative method for automatic selection of optimized sets of such microwindows for the. analysis of Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) data. While MIPAS, which will be operated onboard the polar orbiting environmental satellite (ENVISAT), is not a hyperspectral instrument, it serves as an example to study the power of the microwindow approach. The MIPAS instrument will measure the infrared emission of various atmospheric trace gases by limb scans covering the altitude region from 6 to 68 km altitude. Optimal microwindows are small spectral regions, where the target species have prominent, but non-saturated transitions, and where the contributions of non-target species are low. For each target species and tangent altitude all spectral regions are identified, where the total retrieval error exhibits a local minimum. Random measurement noise and various uncertainties in atmospheric and instrumental parameters are taken into account. Microwindow databases and optimum subsets of microwindows, so-called occupation matrices, are calculated for midlatitude conditions for the main target quantities temperature, line-of-sight in terms of tangent altitude, CH4, H2O, N2O, O3, HNO3 and NO2, by using synthetic MIPAS measurements calculated by line-by-line radiative transfer simulations. The accuracy which can be achieved when using dedicated sets of microwindows is discussed. Author Michelson Interferometers; Atmospheric Sounding; Remote Sensing; Data Processing; Spectral Bands; Errors; Error Analysis; Atmospheric Composition
20010100560 Academia Sinica, Inst. of Remote Sensing Applications, Beijing, China New Progress in Study on Vegetation Models for Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Tong, Qing-Xi, Academia Sinica, China; Zhao, Yong-Chao, Academia Sinica, China; Zhang, Xia, Academia Sinica, China; Zhang, Bing, Academia Sinica, China; Zhang, Lan-Feng, Academia Sinica, China; Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of the Land and Atmosphere; 2001; Volume 4151, pp. 143-152; In English; See also 20010100544; Sponsored in part by National Key Project of Science and Technology; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity Some new vegetation models for hyperspectral remote sensing are provided in this paper. They are Derivative Spectral Model (DSM), Multi-temporal Index Image Cube Model (MIIC), Hybrid Decision Tree Model (HDT) and Correlation Simulating Analysis Model (CSAM). All models are developed and used to process the images acquired by Airborne Pushbroom Hyperspectral Imager (PHI) in Changzhou area, China, 1999. Some successful applications are provided and evaluated. The results show that DSM has the ability of eliminating the background interference of vegetation analysis, MIIC (Multi-Temporal Index Image Cube) is a viable method for monitoring dynamic change of land cover and vegetation growth stages. HDT is effective in precise classification of rice land while CSAM provide a possibility and theoretical basis for crop identification, breed classification, and land information extraction especially for rice. Author Vegetation; Remote Sensing; Mathematical Models; Decision Theory; Spectral Theory
20010100561 National Inst. of Agro-Environmental Science, Ibaraki, Japan Hyperspectral Reflectance Measurements for Estimating Eco-Physiological Status of Plants Inoue, Yoshio, National Inst. of Agro-Environmental Science, Japan; Penuelus, Josep, Autonoma de Barcelona Univ., Spain; Nouevllon, Yann, Water Conservation Lab., USA; Moran, M. Susan, Water Conservation Lab., USA; Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of the Land and Atmosphere; 2001; Volume 4151, pp. 153-163; In English; See also 20010100544; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity An AOTF (Acousto-Optic Tunable Filter)-based spectral imager was developed for hyperspectral measurement of plant reflectance in the field. A hyperspectral image cube for the spectral region between 450 nm - 900 nm can be obtained at 3 to 5 nm resolution intervals within a few seconds. The system is light and compact, and both the spectral wavelengths and intervals are programmable with PC control. Wavelengths can be rapidly tuned, either sequentially or randomly. Hyper-spectral measurements were taken over plant leaves and canopies using the AOTF system (450-900 nm) and a high-resolution radiometer (400-2500 nm). Both the leaf nitrogen and chlorophyll contents of the rice canopies were well estimated by multiple regression of high-resolution data in the visible and near-infrared regions. A weak signal at 970 nm and its normalized indices were found to be useful for estimation of leaf water content. An approach of model inversion was enabled by the use of hyperspectral data. A close and linear relation was found between measured and retrieved water contents. Further, an analysis based on concurrent measurements of hyperspectral reflectance and canopy gas exchange by eddy-covariance method suggested the potential of 87
normalized weak signal for the spectral assessment of canopy CO2 uptake. The hyperspectral reflectance measurement has great potential for estimating the ecological and physio-chemical variables of plant leaves and canopies. Author Acousto-Optics; Tunable Filters; Reflectance; Canopies (Vegetation); Leaves; Moisture Content; Chlorophylls; Nitrogen; Carbon Dioxide 20010100563 Nara Womens Univ., Dept. of Information and Computer Sciences, Japan Pattern Decomposition Method for Hyper-multispectral Satellite Data Analysis Fujiwara, Noboru, Nara Womens Univ., Japan; Ono, Akiko, Nara Womens Univ., Japan; Daigo, Motomasa, Doshisha Univ., Japan; Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of the Land and Atmosphere; 2001; Volume 4151, pp. 178-188; In English; See also 20010100544; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity We have developed Pattern Decomposition Method (PDM) for multi-spectral satellite data based on linear mixing of three standard spectral patterns of ground objects, namely water, vegetation and soil. In this Method, the spectral reflectance of each pixel in a satellite image is decomposed into the three components and information of the spectra is represented by a set of three decomposition coefficients. The applicability of the PDM to continuous spectra of ground objects is studied in the wavelength region of 350-2,500 nm. Especially for hyper-multispectral data analysis, data reduction is very important. The continuous spectral reflectance of land cover objects could be decomposed by the standard spectral patterns with accuracy of 4.5%. Mixing ratio of land cover objects in a pixel of satellite data could be evaluated using the linear mixing three decomposition coefficients. For detail analysis of vegetation change from vivid state to withered state, availability of a supplementary spectral pattern that rectify resonance absorption pattern of vivid standard vegetation for spectra of withered vegetation is also studied. The new vegetation index (RVIPD) is proposed as a simple function of the pattern decomposition coefficients including the supplementary pattern. It is confirmed that RVIPD is linear to vegetation cover ratio and also to vegetation quantum efficiency. Author Decomposition; Data Reduction; Satellite Imagery; Vegetative Index; Water; Vegetation; Soils; Spectral Reflectance; Mixing Ratios 20010100564 Chengdu Inst. of Tech., Inst. of Remote Sensing and GIS, Chengdu, China Applications of the Orthophotomaps and Fusion of LANDSAT TM, SPOT and SAR Images in the Studies of the Events to Stop Up Water Body and Ecological Environment in the Yangtze Three Gorges Project Region (China) Yang, Wu-Nian, Chengdu Inst. of Tech., China; Pu, Guo-Liang, Chengdu Inst. of Tech., China; Paris, J. P., Groupement pour le Developpement de la Teledetection Aerospatiale, France; Cauneau, F., Ecole des Mines de Paris, France; Ranchin, T., Ecole des Mines de Paris, France; Li, Yong, Academia Sinica, China; Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of the Land and Atmosphere; 2001; Volume 4151, pp. 189-196; In English; See also 20010100544; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity In this study, fusion of LANDSAT TM, SPOT and ERS SAR images were done, and then an orthophotomap of the fusion image of LANDSAT TM453 and SPOT panchromatic image of Yunyang area, the Yangtze Three Gorges Project Region was made, which is in 1:50000 scale and up to an international standard of topographic map. With the orthophotomap, many new geological structures and disasters were identified and positioned. The biggest landslide in the Yangtze River region --JIPAZI landslide was digitized. 3-D quantitatively analyzing patterns for surveying landslides and rockfalls were established with RS, GIS and GPS techniques. Through phase-separation analysis of remote sensing information field and quantitative processing of the linear structures, the relationship between geological disasters and crack structures was found out. Finally, with a synthetic analysis, these landslides and rockfalls probably to stop up river water and their environmental influence were predicted. Author China; Topography; Relief Maps; Remote Sensing; Canyons; Landslides; Geomorphology 20010100565 Boeing Co., Seattle, WA USA Airborne Hyperspectral Imagery for the Detection of Agricultural Crop Stress Cassady, Philip E., Boeing Co., USA; Perry, Eileen M., Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., USA; Gardner, Margaret E., California Univ., USA; Roberts, Dar A., California Univ., USA; Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of the Land and Atmosphere; 2001; Volume 4151, pp. 197-204; In English; See also 20010100544; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity Multispectral digital imagery from aircraft or satellite is presently being used to derive basic assessments of crop health for growers and others involved in the agricultural industry. Research indicates that narrow band stress indices derived from hyperspectral imagery should have improved sensitivity to provide more specific information on the type and cause of crop stress, Under funding from the NASA Earth Observation Commercial Applications Program (EOCAP) we are identifying and evaluating scientific and commercial applications of hyperspectral imagery for the remote characterization of agricultural crop stress. During 88
the summer of 1999 a field experiment was conducted with varying nitrogen treatments on a production corn-field in eastern Nebraska. The AVIRIS (Airborne Visible-Infrared Imaging Spectrometer) hyperspectral imager was flown at two critical dates during crop development, at two different altitudes, providing images with approximately 18m pixels and 3m pixels. Simultaneous supporting soil and crop characterization included spectral reflectance measurements above the canopy, biomass characterization, soil sampling, and aerial photography. In this paper we describe the experiment and results, and examine the following three issues relative to the utility of hyperspectral imagery for scientific study and commercial crop stress products: (1) Accuracy of reflectance derived stress indices relative to conventional measures of stress. We compare reflectance-derived indices (both field radiometer and AVIRIS) with applied nitrogen and with leaf level measurement of nitrogen availability and chlorophyll concentrations over the experimental plots (4 replications of 5 different nitrogen levels); (2) Ability of the hyperspectral sensors to detect sub-pixel areas under crop stress. We applied the stress indices to both the 3m and 18m AVIRIS imagery for the entire production corn field using several sub-pixel areas within the field to compare the relative sensitivity of each stress index; and (3) Comparative sensitivity of stress indices to realistic measurement uncertainties. We compare the stress indices calculated with several levels of spectral uncertainty (by shifting the wavelengths) and reflectance uncertainty (by systematically varying the reflectance retrieval code initialization). Author Agriculture; Crop Vigor; Airborne Equipment; Soil Sampling; Spectral Reflectance; Biomass; Aerial Photography; Remote Sensing; Plant Stress
20010100566 Nara Womens Univ., Japan Estimation Model of Net Primary Production by Vegetation for ADEOS-II/GLI Data Furumi, Shinobu, Nara Womens Univ., Japan; Ono, Akiko, Nara Womens Univ., Japan; Muramatsu, Kanako, Nara Womens Univ., Japan; Fujiwara, Noboru, Nara Womens Univ., Japan; Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of the Land and Atmosphere; 2001; Volume 4151, pp. 205-213; In English; See also 20010100544; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity Many researchers have developed models for estimation of net primary production using satellite data. Especially, NDVI (normalized differential vegetation index) are mainly used for the model because NDVI can be obtained from NOAA/AVHRR data for global area. However, recent sensors have hyper-multispectral data and these data is expected to be effective for the monitoring of detail vegetation condition. So we developed the estimation model using a new vegetation index RVIPD that reflects all information of hyper-multispectral data and validated the model using LANDSAT/TM data. Author Vegetative Index; Vegetation; Spectral Reflectance; Data Reduction
20010100568 Chiba Univ., Center for Environmental Remote Sensing, Chiba, Japan Monitoring of the Stability of Boreal Forest Ecosystem in Northeast China in Relation with Natural Disturbance by LANDSAT TM Imagery Liu, Qi-Jing, Chiba Univ., Japan; Kondoh, Akihiko, Chiba Univ., Japan; Tateishi, Ryutaro, Chiba Univ., Japan; Takamura, Tamio, Chiba Univ., Japan; Takeuchi, Nobuo, Chiba Univ., Japan; Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of the Land and Atmosphere; 2001; Volume 4151, pp. 222-230; In English; See also 20010100544; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity Changbai mountain is a very important natural reserve in China as well as in the world, because it possesses a high bio-diversity, and is a typical ecosystem representing boreal vegetation. Few studies on the dynamic-equilibrium of forest in relation with natural disturbance have been reported. In this study, the change of forest vegetation in the reserve was detected by using LANDSAT TM images. Image differencing between 1984 and 1997 was adopted to derive new images that indicate cover type change. The natural forest in the reserve was in a status of relative equilibrium. The number of pixels with decrease in radiance was nearly the same as those with increase in radiance. It is demonstrated that the so called climax is not a pure stand which is generally assumed to be exclusively dominated by climax species, but a complex of mosaic structure that consisted of patches in different stages of succession. This climax structure was maintained by natural disturbance like fall. The pioneer patches are permanent units in the forest community. Gaps are frequently created, and thus the pioneer patches are kept constantly. As a whole, TM imagery is effective for detecting vegetation changes, but tiny gaps with several pixels are difficult to discriminate from noise. The change inside the natural reserve was minor, while the vegetation outside the natural reserve presented an upgrading status, showing the recovery after timber cutting. Author China; Change Detection; Forests; Satellite Imagery; Mountains; Vegetation; Radiance 89
20010100569 Rome Univ., Higher Inst. for Occupational Safety and Health, Rome, Italy Hyperspectral Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques Application for the Evaluation and Monitoring of Interactions Between Natural Risks and Industrial Hazards Marino, Alessandra, Rome Univ., Italy; Ludovisi, Giancarlo, Rome Univ., Italy; Moccaldi, Antonio, Rome Univ., Italy; Damiani, Fiorenzo, Rome Univ., Italy; Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of the Land and Atmosphere; 2001; Volume 4151, pp. 231-236; In English; See also 20010100544; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity The aim of this paper is to outline the potential of imaging spectrometry and GIS techniques as tools for the management of data rich environments, as complex fluvial areas, exposed to geological, geomorphological and hydrogeological risks. The area of study, the Pescara River Basin (Central Italy) is characterized by the presence of important industrial sites (Sulmona and Pescara) and by the occurrence of floods, landslides and seismic events. Data were collected, during a specific flight, using an hyperspectral MIVIS sensor (102 channels between 0.43 and 12.7 micrometers). Images have been processed in order to obtain updated and accurate land-cover and land-use maps that have been inserted in a specific GIS database and integrated with further information like lithology, geological structure, geomorphology, hydrogeological features, productive plants location and characters. The processing of data layers was performed, using a dedicated software, through typical GIS operators like indexing, recoding, matrix analysis, proximity analysis. The interactions between natural risks, industrial installations, agricultural areas, water resources and urban settlements have been analysed. This allowed the creation and processing of thematic layers like vulnerability, risk and impact maps. Author Imaging Techniques; Hazards; Geographic Information Systems; Industrial Areas; Italy; Remote Sensing; Vulnerability; Structural Properties (Geology) 20010100571 Satellite Meteorological Center, Beijing, China Snow Cover Remote Sensing with Multi-sensor Data Liu, Yu-Jie, Satellite Meteorological Center, China; Wang, Li-Bo, Satellite Meteorological Center, China; Yuan, Wan-Ping, Satellite Meteorological Center, China; Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of the Land and Atmosphere; 2001; Volume 4151, pp. 246-256; In English; See also 20010100544; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity Snow cover is an important resource of the Earth. It is a potential factor related to climate and global changes. On account of its high reflectance and low heat conductivity, the existence of snow cover can affect surface and air temperature, surface albedo, radiation balance, soil moisture and so on. It may have influence on the earth-atmosphere system. In order to study and understand the impact of snow cover on climate and hydrologic budgets, it is necessary to have variation and distribution of snow cover over a long period. Usually the snow cover data can be got regularly by observation of weather station, but these data are limited to point surface measurement and poorly represented in mountainous and sparsely inhabited areas. Remote sensing is a powerful tool for snow cover observations. Author Snow Cover; Remote Sensing; Meteorological Satellites; Multisensor Applications; Air Land Interactions; Spectral Reflectance 20010100572 Technical Research Associates, Camarillo, CA USA The Analysis of Data from a Thermal Infrared Hyperspectral Instrument Winter, Edwin M., Technical Research Associates, USA; Lucey, Paul G., Hawaii Univ., USA; Winter, Michael E., Hawaii Univ., USA; Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of the Land and Atmosphere; 2001; Volume 4151, pp. 256-264; In English; See also 20010100544; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity While reflection band hyperspectral instruments have been in use for over a decade, only recently has data from airborne thermal infrared hyperspectral instruments become available. One such instrument is the Airborne Hyperspectral Imager (AHI). AHI is a pushbroom sensor developed by the University of Hawaii that spans the 8 to 11.5 micrometer spectral band with 32 spectral bands and 256 simultaneous spatial channels. While many analysis techniques used for reflection band hyperspectral processing can be applied to the thermal band, new procedures had to be developed. In particular, sensor noise and sensor non-linearity induced spectral artifacts are a greater problem than for the VNIR and SWIR. The process begins with calibration, with different calibration files being used to optimize the reduction of sensor artifacts such as shading and striping. Once the data has been calibrated to radiance units, the absorption and path radiance effects of the atmosphere can be removed, if atmospheric truth is available. Following this step, the apparent emissivity is calculated for every pixel in each band. The data is now in a form that is analogous to the apparent reflectance images developed for reflection band data. At this point spectral analysis techniques can be applied to classify the image. The procedure used here was to use an automated endmember determination algorithm, N-FINDR, to determine spectral endmembers and unmix the data cube into fractional abundances. Since some endmembers are likely to result from residual sensor and cultural artifacts, the automated endmember determination and unmixing procedure is 90
performed interactively to optimize results. Both the fractional abundance planes and the endmember spectra themselves are then reviewed for artifacts. Selected abundance planes that correspond to real minerals can then be combined into a classification map. In this paper, AHI data collected for two applications: the detection of buried land mine application and a geological remote sensing application will be presented using similar processing steps, Author Infrared Instruments; Airborne Equipment; Emissivity; Spectral Signatures; Remote Sensing; Calibrating 20010100573 Tokyo Inst. of Tech., Yokahama, Japan Toward the Inversion of Vegetation Parameters Using Canopy Reflectance Models Matsunaga, Tsuneo, Tokyo Inst. of Tech., Japan; Hoyano, Akira, Tokyo Inst. of Tech., Japan; Kobayashi, Hideki, Tokyo Inst. of Tech., Japan; Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of the Land and Atmosphere; 2001; Volume 4151, pp. 265-276; In English; See also 20010100544; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity In this study, we investigated the invertivility of vegetation parameters from reflectance spectra using Kuusks canopy reflectance model. to acquire the bi-directional reflectance factors (BRFs) of the vegetative surface, we developed a multi input visible and near infrared spectrometer using a 2D CCD array as detector and four optical fibers as input probes. It can enable us to measure reference spectra and three target spectra simultaneously and it reduces the effect of the fluctuation of the direct solar and diffused sky radiation caused by moving clouds and changing solar direction. BRFs were acquired both in the field and in the laboratory to investigate the sensitivity of the vegetation parameters to canopy reflectance and compared with calculated ones. The sensitivity of the measured BRFs for each LAI was discussed with comparing in the visible and the near infrared BRFs data. and the possibility of the retrieval of LAI information from the hot spot effect was also discussed. Author Bidirectional Reflectance; Canopies (Vegetation); Sensitivity; Spectral Reflectance; Vegetation 20010100575 Hokkaido Univ., Inst. of Low Temperature Science, Sapporo, Japan Interpretation of Remotely Sensed Data on Black Spruce and Paper Birch Communities in Alaskan Boreal Forest Enhanced by Fire with Extended SAIL Model Kushida, Keiji, Hokkaido Univ., Japan; Fukuda, Masami, Hokkaido Univ., Japan; Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of the Land and Atmosphere; 2001; Volume 4151, pp. 285-294; In English; See also 20010100544; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity We measured spectral characteristics of black spruce (Picea mariana) and paper birch (Betula papyrifera) communities elements such as forest floor and leaves to analyze relationships between remotely sensed data and forest structural characteristics in Caribou-Poker Creeks Research Watershed (CPCRW). Remote sensing technique is necessary as a tool for monitoring boreal forest functions and changes including forest fire influences. There are many radiative transfer models of vegetation canopies, however, little field measurements of spectrum of boreal forest elements except for studies by Daughtry, Mesearch, or BOREAS Project. This is one of the reasons why we can hardly apply radiative transfer models to interpret satellite data. In this research, We obtained leaf and forest floor spectral characteristics of paper birch, black spruce, and partially burnt black spruce communities in CPCRW. As a result of SAIL radiative transfer model calculation with these measured values, we proposed charts to interpret atmospherically corrected LANDSAT TM data of the communities from upper layer leaf area indices, forest floor types, and leaf spectral characteristics. Author Remote Sensing; Forests; Trees (Plants); Canopies (Vegetation); Satellite Imagery; Spectral Reflectance 20010100576 Central Research Inst. of Electric Power Industry, Tokyo, Japan Atmospheric Transmission Model Development with Fourier Transformed Voigt Profile Kobayashi, Hirokazu, Central Research Inst. of Electric Power Industry, Japan; Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of the Land and Atmosphere; 2001; Volume 4151, pp. 295-299; In English; See also 20010100544; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity Author developed a line-by-line atmospheric transmission model based on the Fourier transformed Voigt function. The Voigt function is presented in an integrated form, and direct computation of the function profiles involves a high computational cost because of its numerical characteristic which introduces slow numerical convergency at some area. Many investigations were performed using the polynomial-fitting-to-the-function method to reduce this computation cost. Author introduced a Fourier transformed Voigt function, and developed a line-by-line transmission model for multiple species and lines. In this model, all line-by-line calculations are done in the numerical space which will be Fourier transformed to the wavenumber space at the end of a process. The developed algorithm uses no approximation method for line shape calculation, and has no limitations for the wavenumber resolution and the wavenumber range. Furthermore, the algorithm represents randomly positioned absorption lines by the uniform method and requires no line shapes mapping into the wavenumber space. The model indicates a straight forward 91
implementation procedure for the high-resolution radiation/transmission calculation with huge absorption lines. Author implemented the model on a parallel computing environment and verified that the model calculation performance can be expanded with increasing the number of computing nodes. Author Atmospheric Models; Fourier Transformation; Voigt Effect; Parallel Processing (Computers); Transmittance 20010100577 Tohoku Univ., Dept. of Geophysics, Sendai, Japan Regional Distribution of Sensible and Latent Heat Fluxes Over Rice Paddies Using Satellite Infrared Temperature and a Heat Budget Model Matsushima, Dai, Tohoku Univ., Japan; Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of the Land and Atmosphere; 2001; Volume 4151, pp. 300-308; In English; See also 20010100544; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity This study aims evaluating regional distribution and diurnal variation of surface sensible and latent beat, fluxes over vegetation (rice paddy) using limited number of satellite infrared images, meteorological data, and a numerical beat budget simulation together. Data used in this study are follows: NOAA-AVHRR thermal infrared image (channel 4) for retrieving surface temperature, surface and upper meteorological data, time series of solar radiation, and leaf area index (LAI) for determining surface aerodynamic conditions. to evaluate sensible-heat flux, retrieving the surface effective temperature of sensible heat flux is required. This temperature is different from infrared temperature in general, even an original infrared temperature is atmospherically corrected and a correction of emissivity is performed. To retrieve the effective temperature, a parameterization for reducing the difference is developed. This parameterization yields standard estimation error of 25 Wm(-2) on half-hourly basis, which is sufficiently small as observational errors. In the above, a method for obtaining a snapshot of sensible heat flux distribution is described. However, number of satellite data is limited for evaluating diurnal variations because of cloud conditions. to overcome this difficulty, a method that a numerical beat budget simulation works together with satellite data is developed. A linear heat budget model, which was originally developed, is used for determining surface aerodynamic and moisture parameters by least squares fittings with spatial distributed infrared temperatures. Number of satellite image needed is only once a day. Then, diurnal variations of heat fluxes are reproduced. Estimation errors are 20-30 Wm(-2) for both sensible and latent heat fluxes. Implementing solar radiation and LAI retrieved by satellite data to the above method and application to other types of vegetation are future issues. Author Heat Flux; Diurnal Variations; Satellite Temperature; Heat Budget; Surface Temperature; Solar Radiation; Latent Heat 20010102598 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA Robust Matching of Wavelet Features for Sub-Pixel Registration of LANDSAT Data LeMoigne, Jacqueline, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Netanyahu, Nathan S., Bar-Ilan Univ., Israel; Masek, Jeffrey G., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Mount, David M., Maryland Univ., USA; Goward, Samuel, Maryland Univ., USA; [2001]; 3p; In English; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche For many Earth and Space Science applications, automatic geo-registration at sub-pixel accuracy has become a necessity. In this work, we are focusing on building an operational system, which will provide a sub-pixel accuracy registration of LANDSAT-5 and LANDSAT-7 data. The input to our registration method consists of scenes that have been geometrically and radiometrically corrected. Such pre-processed scenes are then geo-registered relative to a database of LANDSAT chips. The method assumes a transformation composed of a rotation and a translation, and utilizes rotation- and translation-invariant wavelets to extract image features that are matched using statistically robust feature matching and a generalized Hausdorff distance metric. The registration process is described and results on four LANDSAT input scenes of the Washington, D.C. area are presented. Author Wavelet Analysis; Satellite Imagery; LANDSAT 7; LANDSAT 5; Image Processing; Metric Space 20010102919 Rutgers - The State Univ., Inst. of Marine and Coastal Science, New Brunswick, NJ USA Harvesting Energy from Redox Potential Gradients in Sediments and Soils Final Report, 1 May 1998 - 31 Dec. 1999 Reimers, Clare E.; Dec. 1999; 3p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-98-1-0690 Report No.(s): AD-A393630; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Pairs of platinum mesh or graphite fiber electrodes, one embedded in marine sediment (anode), the other in proximal seawater (cathode), have been used to harvest low levels of power from natural, microbe established, voltage gradients at marine sediment-seawater interfaces. The sustained power harvested has been on the order of 0.01 W/sq m of electrode geometric area but is dependent on electrode design, sediment composition, and temperature. It is proposed that the sediment/anode - seawater/ 92
cathode configuration constitutes a microbial fuel cell in which power results from the net oxidation of sediment organic matter by dissolved seawater oxygen. DTIC Electrodes; Fuel Cells; Sediments; Ocean Bottom; Oxidation-Reduction Reactions; Soils; Platinum 20010104471 Maryland Univ., Dept. of Civil Engineering, College Park, MD USA Centrifuge Modelling of Two Civil-Environmental Problems Final Report, 1 May 1996 - 30 Apr. 2001 Goodings, Deborah J.; Jul. 17, 2001; 6p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAH04-96-1-0034 Report No.(s): AD-A393596; ARO-34816.5-EV; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Research Problem 1: Frost heave and thaw induced settlement in silt and silty clay developing over a year have been modelled correctly using a geotechnical centrifuge with tests requiring less than a day. In these tests, freezing model tests in clay have been conducted. Experimental results indicate the following: freezing regime influences depth of freezing, magnitude of heave, and characteristics of the ice; specimen preparation affects heave only through its effect on water content; position of the phreatic surface has little effect on heave in saturated day; there appear to be scale effects, in terms of the nature of the ice formed in 35g (1:35 scale) models vs 55g (1:55g) models. These characteristics differ from those for freezing in silt where smaller water content and greater permeability lead to greater depth of freezing and greater heave. Research Problem 2: Capping contaminated sediments with clean sediments has been used by the US Army to reduce the environmental impact of the contaminated sediments. Preliminary tests to assess the possibility of contaminant breakthrough occurring through the clean sediment cap are complete. The use of rapid centrifuge model tests to model long term effects in the field was considered. DTIC Sediments; Frost; Heaving; Environmental Surveys; Scale Models; Contaminants; Geotechnical Engineering; Contamination; Freezing
44 ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION

Includes specific energy conversion systems, e.g., fuel cells; and solar, geothermal, windpower, and waterwave conversion systems; energy storage; and traditional power generators. For technologies related to nuclear energy production see 73 Nuclear Physics. For related information see also 07 Aircraft Propulsion and Power; 20 Spacecraft Propulsion and Power, and 28 Propellants and Fuels.
20010099572 RAND Corp., Santa Monica, CA USA Load-Centered Power Generation in Burbank, Glendale, and Pasadena: Potential Benefits for the Cities and for California Bernstein, Mark; Dreyer, Paul; Hanson, Mark; Kulick, Jonathan; Jan. 2001; 16p; In English; Original contains color plates Report No.(s): AD-A393707; RAND/IP-214-BGP(2001); No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche For the first two years after California deregulated the states electricity sector, the restructured system seemed to work as intended. Consumers and businesses paid less for electricity in the new competitive marketplace. But in the summer of 2000, the prices on the spot market for electricity spiked, the cost of power increased tenfold, and the first power shortages appeared, culminating in rolling blackouts during the following winter. More than 30 days of rolling blackouts were predicted statewide for the summer of 2001, with shortages during peak times estimated at 5,000 megawatts, or about eight percent of demand. There is the potential for continued price spikes and shortages through the winter of 2002 and possibly through 2004 if demand remains strong and current capacity expectations do not materialize. DTIC Industries; Utilities; Electric Power; Costs; California 20010102907 California Univ., Lawrence Berkeley Lab., Berkeley, CA USA Local grid refinement for multi-scale geothermal reservoir simulation with TOUGH2 Garcia, J.; Pruess, K.; May 01, 2000; 54p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-764389; LBNL-45646; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge Thermodynamic conditions of geothermal reservoir fluids, such as pressures, temperatures, phase compositions, and concentrations of dissolved solids and non-condensable gases, may show strong spatial variability in the vicinity of production and injection wells. Large spatial variations also can occur near reservoir heterogeneities, such as faults and lithologic contacts. In numerical simulation of flow and transport, fine gridding is required to accurately represent steep changes in fluid conditions. 93
This can necessitate prohibitively large numbers of grid blocks in conventional finite difference discretization, where finer gridding must be applied globally with reference to a global system of coordinates. The objective of the work presented in this report was to develop a more economical alternative, in which fine gridding is applied only to regions in which large gradients in thermodynamic conditions need to be resolved. We have implemented a scheme for two dimensional local grid refinement into the general-purpose geothermal reservoir simulator TOUGH2. We discuss the concept and applications to production from and injection into fractured two-phase reservoirs. The accuracy and economy of local grid refinement are demonstrated by comparison to simulations using conventional high resolution grids. NTIS Computational Grids; Thermodynamics; Geothermal Resources; Computerized Simulation 20010102908 California Univ., Lawrence Berkeley Lab., Berkeley, CA USA Exploratory Technology Research Program for Electrochemical Energy Storage, Annual Report for 1999 Kinoshita, K.; May 23, 2000; 71p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-764391; LBNL-45767; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge The U.S. Department of Energys (DOE) Office of Advanced Automotive Technologies conducts research and development on advanced rechargeable batteries for application in electric vehicles (EVS) and hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) systems. Problems impeding the development of high-energy batteries for use in EVS and high-power batteries for use in HEVS are addressed by this program. These batteries require continuing research to alleviate materials problems, provide better understanding of life-limiting and performance-limiting phenomena, improve relevant engineering science and design, and insure a high level of safety. This annual report is sub-divided into eight ETR task areas: (1) Optimized Li-ion System, (2) High-Performance Non-flammable Electrolytes, (3) Non-carbonaceous Anode Materials, (4) Novel Cathode Materials, (5) Advanced Solid Polymer Electrolytes, (6) Advanced Diagnostic Methods, (7) Improved Electrochemical Models, and (8) Novel Electrode Couples. The first five tasks cover focused areas of research, and the last three form the foundation of a sound exploratory research program. NTIS Electrochemical Cells; Technology Utilization; Electric Automobiles; Electric Energy Storage 20010105252 Oak Ridge National Lab., TN USA Switchgrass as a Fuel Stock for Electric Power Generation in Tennessee Hewitt, W. J.; English, B. C.; Graham, R. L.; Daly, M.; Aug. 24, 1997; 7p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-771591; P00-108390; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge This study examined the economic feasibility of switchgrass production and utilization for electric power production in Tennessee. Economic feasibility of switchgrass utilization as a feedstock for electric power generation is related to location of production area, electric feasibility location, production and transport costs, and harvesting method. Analysis of the feasibility of biomass includes the internalizing of environmental costs of SO2 and CO2 into the coal price. A final comparison of the costs of using biomass plus a 1.5 cent/kilowatt hour subsidy is also examined. Finally, the cost savings of a reorganization of harvesting methods is evaluated and the impacts this reorganization might have on the breakeven cost of biomass is compared to the current harvesting methods. NTIS Electric Generators; Electric Power Plants; Fuels; Costs 20010105274 Niagara Mohawk Power Corp., Syracuse, NY USA Biomass power for rural development Neuhauser, E.; Oct. 03, 1999; 36p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-760850; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge The retrofit of Dunkirk Steam Station to fire biomass fuels is an important part of the Consortium goal--demonstrating the viability of commercial scale willow energy crop production and conversion to power. The goal for the biomass facilities at Dunkirk is to reliably cofire a combination of wood wastes and willow biomass with coal at approximately 20% by heat input. NTIS Biomass; Energy Conversion 20010105451 Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM USA Evaluation of the Li(Si)/FeS2 and Li(Si)/CoS2 Couples for a High-Voltage, High-Power Thermal Battery Guidotti, R. A.; Reinhardt, F. W.; Jun. 02, 2000; 39p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-759448; SAND2000-1408; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge 94
A detailed evaluation of the Li(Si)/FeS2 and Li(Si)/CoS2 couples was undertaken to determine which was better suited for use in a thermal battery with challenging high-voltage and high-power requirements. The battery was to produce a minimum voltage of 205 V during pulses of 36 A superimposed on a 6-A background load. The final design called for two 96-cell batteries in series, with each providing 1.1 kW background load, with peak power levels of 6.7 kW. The battery lifetime was to be 5 min. Since it was not possible to duplicate the desired complex waveform exactly, an alternate approximating constant-current load profile was used. NTIS Couples; Thermal Batteries; Performance Tests
45 ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
Includes atmospheric, water, soil, noise, and thermal pollution.
20010099435 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA Predictability of Zonal Means During Boreal Summer Schubert, Siegfried, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Suarez, Max J., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Pegion, Philip J., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Kistler, Michael A., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Kumar, Arun, National Centers for Environmental Prediction, USA; [2001]; 41p; In English; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche This study examines the predictability of seasonal means during boreal summer. The results are based on ensembles of June-July-August (JJA) simulations (started in mid May) carried out with the NASA Seasonal-to-Interannual Prediction Project (NSIPP-1) atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) forced with observed sea surface temperatures (SSTS) and sea ice for the years 1980-1999. We find that the predictability of the JJA extra-tropical height field is primarily in the zonal mean component of the response to the SST anomalies. This contrasts with the cold season (January-February-March) when the predictability of seasonal means in the boreal extratropics is primarily in the wave component of the El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) response. Two patterns dominate the interannual variability of the ensemble mean JJA zonal mean height field. One has maximum variance in the tropical/subtropical upper troposphere, while the other has substantial variance in middle latitudes of both hemispheres. Both are symmetric with respect to the equator. A regression analysis suggests that the tropical/subtropical pattern is associated with SST anomalies in the far eastern tropical Pacific and the Indian Ocean, while the middle latitude pattern is forced by SST anomalies in the tropical Pacific just east of the dateline. The two leading zonal height patterns are reproduced in model runs forced with the two leading JJA SST patterns of variability. A comparison with observations shows a signature of the middle latitude pattern that is consistent with the occurrence of dry and wet summers over the United States. We hypothesize that both patterns, while imposing only weak constraints on extratropical warm season continental-scale climates, may play a role in the predilection for drought or pluvial conditions. Author Predictions; Sea Surface Temperature; Atmospheric General Circulation Models; Regression Analysis; Southern Oscillation; Temperate Regions; Geopotential Height 20010099579 Colorado State Univ., Dept. of Radiological Health Sciences, Fort Collins, CO USA Measurement of Late Tissue Damage in Rhesus Monkeys Exposed to Protons Final Report, Nov. 1984-Sep. 1995 Lett, John T.; Cox, Ann B.; Lee, A. C.; Williams, Gerald R.; Sep. 1995; 14p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F33615-85-C-4514; AF Proj. 7757 Report No.(s): AD-A393732; AFRL-HE-BR-TR-2001-0144; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche This contract covered studies of the following endpoints in proton-irradiated rhesus monkeys and in age-matched controls: (1) Radiation-accelerated aging of skin fibroblasts in vitro; (2) Wound healing in vivo; (3) Late radiogenic cataracts in rhesus monkeys; (4) Comparative studies of proton-induced cataracts in Fischer-344 rats. (1 and 2) Some deficits in the abilities of monkey skin fibroblasts to perform normal functions in vitro and in vivo were noted following radiation doses slightly higher than those to be expected in space, but it was concluded that following expected doses of space radiation, late harmful sequelae will be negligible or undetectable in human skin. (3 and 4) Late cataracts may occur in the ocular lenses of some astronauts exposed to non-lethal space radiations, but the kinetics of radiation cataractogenesis in the rhesus monkey indicate that radiogenic cataracts 95
should not develop until long after the space mission(s) is (are) over. Laboratory rats are not good models for late cataract studies because of their short life spans and the high levels of cataracts that appear naturally in them early in their life span. DTIC Protons; Radiation Effects; Bioastronautics; Tissues (Biology); Ionizing Radiation; Aging (Biology) 20010099878 Argonne National Lab., IL USA Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN): historical perspective Gaffney, J. S.; Marley, N. A.; Oct. 06, 2000; 8p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-766296; ANL/ER/CP-102348; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche This paper is an overview of the history of PANs discovery and its connection to plant damage observed in the South Coast Air Basin of southern California. The focus will be the work done by pioneers in this research area, particularly the long-path infrared spectroscopy and the chromatography with electron capture detection that enabled further exploration of PAN chemistry. The period from the 1950s to the present will be highlighted. Advances addressed include synthetic procedures, measurement techniques, laboratory properties (rates of reaction, ultraviolet photolysis, aqueous solubilities), and field measurements. NTIS Atmospheric Chemistry; Chromatography; Photolysis; Plants (Botany); Polyacrylonitrile 20010100388 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA An Overview of the SOLVE-THESEO 2000 Campaign Newman, Paul A., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Harris, Neil R. P., Cambridge Univ., UK; Adriani, Alberto, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Italy; Amanatidis, Georgios T., Commission of the European Communities, Belgium; Anderson, James G., Harvard Univ., USA; Braathen, Geir O., Norwegian Inst. for Air Research, Norway; Brune, William H., Pennsylvania State Univ., USA; Carslaw, Kenneth S., Leeds Univ., UK; Craig, Michael T., NASA Ames Research Center, USA; DeCola, Philip E., NASA, USA; [2001]; 60p; In English; Original contains color illustrations; Sponsored in part by PNCA Programme, Belgian Offices for Scientific, Technical and Cultural Affairs, Norwegian Research Council and Swedish Space Board Contract(s)/Grant(s): CEC-ENV4-CT97-0550; CEC-EVK2-1999-00252; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Between November 1999 and April 2000, two major field experiments, the SAGE III Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment (SOLVE) and the Third European Stratospheric Experiment on Ozone (THESEO 2000), collaborated to form the largest field campaign yet mounted to study Arctic ozone loss. This international campaign involved more than 500 scientists from over 20 countries spread across the high and mid-latitudes of the northern hemisphere. The main scientific aims of SOLVE-THESEO 2000 were to study (a) the processes leading to ozone loss in the Arctic vortex and (b) the effect on ozone amounts over northern mid-latitudes. The campaign included satellites, heavy lift balloon launches, 6 different aircraft, ground stations, and scores of ozone-sonde. Campaign activities were principally conducted in 3 intensive measurement phases centered on early December 1999, late January 2000, and early March 2000. Observations made during the campaign showed that temperatures were unusually cold in the polar lower stratosphere over the course of the 1999-2000 winter. These cold temperatures resulted in the formation of extensive polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) across the Arctic. Heterogeneous chemical reactions on the surfaces of the PSC particles produced high levels of reactive chlorine within the polar vortex by early January. This reactive chlorine catalytically destroyed about 60% of the ozone in a layer near 20 km between late January and mid-March 2000. Author Ozone Depletion; Ozone; Arctic Regions; Stratosphere; Low Temperature; Ice Clouds; Chlorine; Remote Sensing; Polar Meteorology 20010100558 Central Aerological Observatory, Dolgoprudnyi, USSR Comparison Accuracy of Atmospheric Nitrogen Dioxide Profile Retrieval from Measured Transmission Function by Two Several Tape Spectrometers Chayanova, Eleonora A., Central Aerological Observatory, USSR; Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of the Land and Atmosphere; 2001; Volume 4151, pp. 126-134; In English; See also 20010100544; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity In the work the comparison accuracy of atmospheric NO2 density profile retrieval from measured transmission function by two several tape space spectrometers had been done. Suppose that solar radiation enters in these spectrometers through the some optical telescopic system and the mistakes of receiving system are out of the consideration. The first spectrometer is ordinary instrument with diffraction grating. This spectrometer measure atmospheric transmission function for several tangent altitude in 96
430-450 nm spectral region with resolution 1 nm by limb method using the sun as source of the radiation. The accuracy and resolution of these measurements are high enough but there is complex problem selecting the absorption of NO2 gas from another gases absorption and the retrieval of NO2 profile from transmission function. In the second spectrometer is used a tunable interference - polarization filter, so called Woods filter. The basic element of the Woods filter is a plate made of a double-refraction crystal placed between two mutually perpendicular polarizes. Transmission function of this filter must be coincided with the quasi-periodical vibration spectrum of an NO2 molecule for a 430-450 nm range and must pick out NO2 absorption from another gas absorption. Errors of the measurement by this spectrometer installed on satellite are compiled from fluctuation background noise, internal noise of instrument, changing slop spectrum of coming radiation and another. The comparison of mentioned above measuring instruments and methods showed that the accuracy of NO2 profile retrieval is equal into 15-35 km altitude region for both spectrometers. However the using of correlative spectrometer increase the region of available measurement to 10 km above and to 10 km low indicated region. Author Nitrogen Dioxide; Data Retrieval; Spectrometers; Remote Sensing; Gratings (Spectra); Solar Radiation; Tunable Filters 20010100562 Nara Womens Univ., Dept. of Information and Computer Sciences, Japan Development of a Model of Radiation Balance Near Ground Level and Application to Satellite Data Analysis: Focus on the Estimation of Radiative Energy from Surface/Air Based on Measurement Data Muramatsu, Kanako, Nara Womens Univ., Japan; Fujiwara, Noboru, Nara Womens Univ., Japan; Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of the Land and Atmosphere; 2001; Volume 4151, pp. 164-177; In English; See also 20010100544 Contract(s)/Grant(s): JSPS-10780326; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity Solar irradiance, surface and air temperatures change periodically day by day. Then we measured the surface temperature, air temperature, humidity and wind velocity on various types of ground object such as concrete, asphalt, soil and grass every hour for one cycle namely 24 hours. The relationship between the diurnal radiative energy from surface/air and diurnal solar irradiance was studied as a function of time. If the phases of them were adjusted to each other, a linear relationship was established between them. The relationship between diurnal radiative energy from surface and that from air were studied. The clear linear relationship was found to hold between them. The values of parameters of the relationship were determined using measured data and compared with the estimated values using the radiation balance model. Finally, we tried to estimate radiative energy from surface/air integrated over a day using LANDSAT/TM data. Author Surface Temperature; Atmospheric Temperature; Humidity; Wind Velocity; Diurnal Variations; Light (Visible Radiation); Atmospheric Radiation; Mathematical Models 20010100567 Tokyo Univ., Inst. of Industrial Science, Japan Estimation of Net Photosynthetic Rate Based on In-Situ Hyperspectral Data Endo, Takahiro, Tokyo Univ., Japan; Okuda, Toshinori, National Inst. for Environmental Studies, Japan; Tamura, Masayuki, National Inst. for Environmental Studies, Japan; Yasuoka, Yoshifumi, Tokyo Univ., Japan; Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of the Land and Atmosphere; 2001; Volume 4151, pp. 214-221; In English; See also 20010100544; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity Carbon absorption of plants is one of the essential parameters in assessing terrestrial ecosystem functions with respect to global warming. It is, however, not easy to estimate carbon absorption directly on the ground. In this study, an experiment method was designed to estimate the saturated Amax from hyperspectral data in the laboratory and in the field scale. Firstly, we measured the relationship between biochemical concentrations and parameters of Blackman photosynthetic rate model. Secondly we measured the relationship between biochemical concentration and hyperspectral characteristics. High-resolution reflectance over a range of 333 - 2507 nm with resolution of about 1.5 - 10 nm and net Amax - photon flux density (PFD) were measured respectively by the GER 2600 and Li-6400. Also, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll a+b and nitrogen concentration were quantitatively analyzed from in situ measurement of cucumbers fresh leaves that were cultivated for different biochemical concentration in a greenhouse chamber. Correlation between saturated Amax and chlorophyll a and nitrogen concentration was r2 = 0.90, and 0.91, respectively. Chlorophyll b didnt show any correlation with saturated Amax. Chlorophyll a and nitrogen concentrations were estimated by using the first derivative spectral reflectance (RF) of fresh leaf. RF at 678.011 nm correlated best with chlorophyll a concentration (r2 = 0.81). RF at 732.122 nm correlated best with nitrogen concentration (r2 = 0.86). Finally, net Amax. at given PFD was estimated by the photosynthetic rate model. A correlation between the actual net Amax and the estimated net Amax was r2 = 0.74. In this study, both chlorophyll a and nitrogen concentrations show good correlation with saturated Amax. Author Carbon; Spectral Reflectance; Nitrogen; Chlorophylls; Photon Density; Remote Sensing 97
20010100570 National Astronomical Observatory, Tokyo, Japan Light Energy Loss and its Application to Estimate a Global Energy Usage Isobe, Syuzo, National Astronomical Observatory, Japan; Hamamura, Shiomi, National Astronomical Observatory, Japan; Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of the Land and Atmosphere; 2001; Volume 4151, pp. 237-245; In English; See also 20010100544; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity We are now developing a system to estimate light energy loss to space using the US DMSP (Defense Meteorological Satellite Program) data and obtained many interesting results. The satellites have solar synchronous orbits with altitude around 800 km, and continuously obtain absolute (well-calibrated) flux of terrestrial surface light. City light ejected to space is mostly energy loss because the light is not used to illuminate objects to be seen or decorated. The total amount of its energy loss in Japan estimated by us is an order of 20 billion yen (about 200 million US dollars). We are now estimating its loss for each cities (or areas) in Japan and in the world. Further, we found a possibility to estimate energy usage of each country after obtaining a clear relation between light energy loss and electric energy usage within different areas of individual electric companies in Japan. Therefore, we would like to conclude that our continuous estimation of city light from space are and will be creating a global information of energy usage. Author Energy Dissipation; Energy Consumption; Cities; Night Sky; Sky Brightness; Satellite Observation 20010100574 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA USA Tropospheric Ozone Near-Nadir-Viewing IR Spectral Sensitivity and Ozone Measurements from NAST-I Zhou, Daniel K., NASA Langley Research Center, USA; Smith, William L., NASA Langley Research Center, USA; Larar, Allen M., NASA Langley Research Center, USA; Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of the Land and Atmosphere; 2001; Volume 4151, pp. 277-283; In English; See also 20010100544; Original contains color illustrations; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity Infrared ozone spectra from near nadir observations have provided atmospheric ozone information from the sensor to the Earths surface. Simulations of the NPOESS Airborne Sounder Testbed-Interferometer (NAST-I) from the NASA ER-2 aircraft (approximately 20 km altitude) with a spectral resolution of 0.25/cm were used for sensitivity analysis. The spectral sensitivity of ozone retrievals to uncertainties in atmospheric temperature and water vapor is assessed in order to understand the relationship between the IR emissions and the atmospheric state. In addition, ozone spectral radiance sensitivity to its ozone layer densities and radiance weighting functions reveals the limit of the ozone profile retrieval accuracy from NAST-I measurements. Statistical retrievals of ozone with temperature and moisture retrievals from NAST-I spectra have been investigated and the preliminary results from NAST-I field campaigns are presented. Author Troposphere; Ozone; Remote Sensing; Interferometers; Airborne Equipment; Infrared Spectra; Spectral Sensitivity; Sensitivity Analysis 20010101090 Argonne National Lab., IL USA Northeast oxidant and particulate study (NEOPS): preliminary results from the Centerton, New Jersey field site Marley, N. A.; Gaffney, J. S.; Drayton, P. J.; Ravelo, R. M.; Oct. 06, 2000; 8p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-766297; ANL/ER/CP-102349; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche During the summer of 1999, tropospheric chemistry measurements were taken as part of the Northeast Oxidant and Particulate Study (NEOPS). The primary NEOPS air sampling station was in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. At the rural Centerton, New Jersey, site, southeast of Philadelphia, sodar and RASS (radio acoustic sounding system) measurements were obtained to determine the wind direction and the boundary layer height. Balloon soundings with relative humidity, temperature, and pressure sensors were taken in the morning, at noon, and in the afternoon. NTIS Particulates; Atmospheric Chemistry; Troposphere; Meteorological Parameters; Acoustic Sounding 20010102757 General Accounting Office, Washington, DC USA Environmental Contamination: Cleanup Actions at Formerly Used Defense Sites July 2001; 25p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A393797; GAO-01-557; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Identification, investigation, and cleanup of hazardous substances under DODs FUDS program are authorized by the Defense Environmental Restoration program (DERP). Such actions must be carried out consistent with the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCIA) as amended by the Superfund Amendments and 98
Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA), which established DERP. The goals of the program also include the correction of environmental damage. to fund the program, SARA set up the Defense Environmental Restoration Account. DOD has established specific goals for the cleanup of properties, including FUDS, that have hazardous, toxic, and radioactive wastes in the soil and water. These goals include having an approved cleanup process in place or cleanup complete at 100 percent of all such properties by the end of fiscal year 2014. DOD has not yet set any goals for projects involving hazardous, toxic, and radioactive waste in containers, unexploded ordnance, other explosive wastes, or unsafe building demolition. Total spending for the FUDS cleanup program since fiscal 1984 is $2.6 billion. During the most recent past five fiscal years (1997-2001), annual program funding for FUDS cleanup averaged about $238 million, with program funding in fiscal year 2001 of $231 million. The Corps estimate of the additional cost to complete cleanup of the 4,467 currently identified projects is about $13 billion, not including program management or support costs or inflation beyond fiscal year 2007. Also omitted from the estimated cost is a revised cost projection for the cleanup of unexploded ordnance, which resulted from a recent survey of DOD training ranges. According to Corps officials, the revised cost projection for ordnance cleanup would add another $5 billion or more, depending on the level of cleanup selected, to the estimated cost to complete all FUDS projects. DTIC Environmental Cleanup; Contamination; Environment Management; Environment Protection; Hazardous Materials
20010102899 Eastern Research Group, Inc., Morrisville, NC USA Integrated Iron and Steel Industry Final Report Manual Testing, Volume 2, LTV Steel Company Indiana Harbor Works, East Chicago, Illinois Final Report August 1999; 636p; In English Report No.(s): PB2001-103509; No Copyright; Avail: National Technical Information Service (NTIS) Integrated iron and steel manufacturing is among the categories of major sources for which national emission standards for hazardous air pollutants (NESHAPS) are to be issued by November 2000 pursuant to Section 112 of the Clean Air Act. The integrated iron and steel manufacturing category includes mills that produce steel from iron ore. Key processes and unit operations include sinter production, iron production, steel making, continuous casting, and the preparation of semi-finished products. Source tests are required to quantify and hazardous air pollutant (HAP) emissions, and to characterize the performance of a sintering plant equipped with a venturi scrubber. NTIS Air Pollution; Contaminants; Pollution Control; Manufacturing; Iron; Steels; Casting; Exhaust Emission
20010102904 California Univ., Lawrence Berkeley Lab., Berkeley, CA USA Summary of assessment of the air quality modeling efforts in southwest Wyoming Lunden, M.; Fine, J.; Singer, B.; Brown, N.; Reynolds, S.; Nov. 10, 1999; 18p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-764382; LBNL-45458; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (and Envair, in a subcontract to LBNL) and Radian International collaborated on this study. Part I represents the findings of LBNL that emphasize examining the modeling system and supporting data bases. Part II represents the finding of Radian that emphasize emissions and trends in emissions in the oil and gas industry. NTIS Air Quality; Environment Models; Wyoming; Technology Assessment
20010102905 California Univ., Lawrence Berkeley Lab., Berkeley, CA USA Recent research on indoor air quality: A compilation in memory of Joan Daisey Aug. 01, 1999; 141p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-764383; LBNL-45463; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge This LBNL report is a compilation of the 24 papers presented by Indoor Environment Department researchers and our collaborators at other institutions at the 8(star) International Conference on Indoor Air Quality & Climate (Indoor Air 99), held in Edinburgh, Scotland, August 8-13, 1999. These papers represent a cross-section of a substantial part of the ongoing research in the department. NTIS Conferences; Indoor Air Pollution; Scotland 99
20010103563 Parsons Engineering Science, Inc., Denver, CO USA Work Plan for the Evaluation of Soil Vapor Extraction Using Internal Combustion Engine Technology at Site SS-42 Luke Air Force Base, Arizona Final Report Jul. 1996; 81p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A392111; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A05, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche This work plan describes a pilot-scale treatability demonstration to test the effectiveness of an internal combustion engine (ICE) to extract and treat nonchlorinated, fuel hydrocarbon volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at Site SS-42, at Luke Air Force Base (AFB), Arizona (Figure 1.1). Luke AFB is one of several Air Force installations identified as prospective test sites to demonstrate the ICE system with advanced emission controls as part of a low-cost soil vapor extraction (SVE) for sites contaminated with fuel VOCs. The ICE and emission control system to be tested is manufactured by VR Systems Inc. of Anaheim, California. DTIC Soils; Volatile Organic Compounds; Internal Combustion Engines; Extraction; Fuel Contamination 20010103773 California Univ., Lawrence Berkeley Lab., Berkeley, CA USA Site Environmental Report for 1999, Volume 2 Ruggieri, M.; Aug. 01, 2000; 140p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-764279; LBL-27170-(2000)-VOL-2; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche Each year, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory prepares an integrated report on its environmental programs to satisfy the requirements of USA Department of Energy Order 231.1. The Site Environmental Report for 1999 is intended to summarize Berkeley Labs compliance with environmental standards and requirements, characterize environmental management efforts through surveillance and monitoring activities, and highlight significant programs and efforts for calendar year 1999. The report is separated into two volumes. Volume I contains a general overview of the Laboratory, the status of environmental programs, and summary results from surveillance and monitoring activities. Each chapter in Volume I begins with an outline of the sections that follow, including any tables or figures found in the chapter. Readers should use section numbers (e.g., (section)1.5) as navigational tools to find topics of interest in either the printed or the electronic version of the report. Volume II contains the individual data results from monitoring programs. NTIS Environmental Quality; Laboratories; Reports 20010103774 California Univ., Lawrence Berkeley Lab., Berkeley, CA USA Site Environmental Report for 1999, Volume 1 Ruggieri, M.; Aug. 12, 2000; 122p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-764278; LBL-27170-(2000)-VOL-1; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche Each year, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory prepares an integrated report on its environmental programs to satisfy the requirements of USA Department of Energy Order 231.1. The Site Environmental Report for 1999 is intended to summarize Berkeley Labs compliance with environmental standards and requirements, characterize environmental management efforts through surveillance and monitoring activities, and highlight significant programs and efforts for calendar year 1999. The report is separated into two volumes. Volume I contains a general overview of the Laboratory, the status of environmental programs, and summary results from surveillance and monitoring activities. Each chapter in Volume I begins with an outline of the sections that follow, including any tables or figures found in the chapter. Readers should use section numbers (e.g., (section)1.5) as navigational tools to find topics of interest in either the printed or the electronic version of the report. Volume 2 contains the individual data results from monitoring programs. NTIS Environmental Quality; General Overviews; Reports; Laboratories
20010103776 Argonne National Lab., IL USA Quantifying the fuel use and greenhouse gas reduction potential of electric and hybrid electric vehicles Patterson, P. P.; Bohn, T.; Hazard, N.; Singh, M.; Wang, M.; Sep. 26, 2000; 16p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-764273; ANL/ES/CP-102928; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche 100
The ATdS offers a unique opportunity to collect on-the-road energy efficiency data for EVS and HEVS as well as comparable gasoline vehicles driven under the same conditions. Using these data, electricity generation mix data, and a transportation fuel-cycle model (called GREET, Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Transportation), the full fhel-cycle energy use and GHG emissions of selected EVS, HEVS, and baseline gasoline vehicles were estimated. The oil use and GHG emission reduction potential of the individual EVS and HEVS competing in the ATdS were estimated and found to be substantial. These per-vehicle oil and carbon reductions were used to justify assumptions about EV and HEV efficiencies which were then combined with assumptions of market penetrations to estimate the possible future reductions in oil use and carbon emissions for the U.S. NTIS Greenhouses; Gasoline; Electric Hybrid Vehicles; Amount; Oils 20010104353 Center for Mathematics and Computer Science, Amsterdam Netherlands Comparison of Integration Methods for Atmospheric Transport-Chemistry Problems. Modelling, Analysis and Simulation Blom, J. G.; Vermer, J. G.; Apr. 1999; 22p Report No.(s): PB2001-108629; MAS-R9910; Copyright; Avail: National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Microfiche This paper is devoted to the time integration of atmospheric transport-chemistry problems. Due to the large number of species and the 3D nature off-the-shelf solvers are not feasible. This has led to the use of special techniques. Most popular is operator splitting. This paper presents a comparison between standard operator splitting, source splitting and approximate matrix factorization. All methods under consideration are comparable in costs measured step wise. The comparison is directed at real-life problems. For that purpose a regional air pollution model is used. NTIS Air Pollution; Atmospheric Circulation; Environment Models; Atmospheric Chemistry 20010104656 NASA Goddard Inst. for Space Studies, New York, NY USA Spatial and temporal patterns of biotic exchange of CO2, Volume 1 Final Report Fung, Inez, NASA Goddard Inst. for Space Studies, USA; Sep. 30, 1995; 6p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DE-AI05-92ER-61084 Report No.(s): DE2001-764568; DOE/ER/61084-1-Vol-1; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Our research is focused on a better quantification of the variations in C02(sub) exchanges between the atmosphere and biosphere and the factors responsible for these exchanges. The principal approach is to infer the variations in the exchanges from variations in the atmospheric C02(sub) distribution. NTIS Carbon Dioxide; Pattern Recognition; Spatial Distribution; Atmospheric Composition 20010105188 Department of Energy, Washington, DC USA Windows Calorimeter Control (WinCal) program computer software test plan Pertzborn, N. F.; Mar. 26, 1997; 26p Report No.(s): DE2001-16929; HNF-SD-CP-TP-093; DE98059775,EW3135040; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche This document provides the information and guidelines necessary to conduct all the required testing of the Windows Calorimeter Control (WinCal) system. The strategy and essential components for testing the WinCal System Project are described in this test plan. The purpose of this test plan is to provide the customer and performing organizations with specific procedures for testing the specified systems functions. NTIS Calorimeters; Computer Programs; Performance Tests 20010105197 Department of Energy, Washington, DC USA Integration plan required by performance agreement SM 7.2.1 Diediker, L. P.; Mar. 28, 1997; 73p Report No.(s): DE2001-16866; HNF-MR-0535; DE98059711,EW3130020; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche The document provides recommendations on future activities to better integrate the overall environmental monitoring program, with emphasis on the near-field program. In addition, included is the Fluor Daniel Hanford, Inc. team review of the 101
environmental monitoring activities on the Hanford Site, with concurrence of Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and Bechtel Hanford, Inc. NTIS Environmental Monitoring; Management Planning 20010105210 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USA Sensitivity Study of the Urban Effect on a Regional-Scale Model: An Idealized Case Chin, H. S.; Leach, M. J.; Brown, M. J.; Sep. 01, 2000; 5p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-764066; LA-UR-00-3026; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche Urban infrastructure impacts the surface and atmospheric properties, such as wind, temperature, turbulence and radiation budgets. The well-recognized urban heat island phenomenon, characterized by the temperature contrast between the city and the surrounding rural area, is one such impact. Many field experiments have been conducted to study the urban heat island effect, which is typically most intense under clear sky and weak ambient wind conditions at night. In some cases, a cool island may even exist during the day. NTIS Sensitivity Analysis; Mathematical Models; Heat Islands; Cities; Surface Properties; Atmospheric Effects; Earth Radiation Budget 20010105243 BAE Systems, IR Imaging Systems, Lexington, MA USA AIRS-Light Instrument Concept and Critical Technology Development Maschhoff, Kevin, BAE Systems, USA; [2001]; 8p; In English; Earth Science Technology Conference, 28-30 Aug. 2001, Greenbelt, MD, USA Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAS5-99140; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Understanding Earths climate, atmospheric transport mechanisms, and the hydrologic cycle requires a precise knowledge of global atmospheric circulation, temperature profiles, and water vapor distribution. The accuracy of advanced sounders such as AIRS/AMSU/HSB on NASAs Aqua spacecraft can match radiosonde accuracy. It is essential to fold those capabilities fully into the NPOESS, enabling soundings of radiosonde accuracy, every 6 hours around the globe on an operational basis. However, the size, mass, power demands, and thermal characteristics of the Aqua sounding instrument suite cannot be accommodated on the NPOESS spacecraft. AIRS-Light is an instrument concept, developed under the Instrument Incubator Program, which provides IR sounding performance identical to the AIRS instrument, but uses advances in HgCdTe FPA technology and pulse tube cooler technology, as well as design changes to dramatically reduce the size, mass, and power demand, allowing AIRS-Light to meet all NPOESS spacecraft interface requirements. The instrument concept includes substantial re-use of AIRS component designs, including the complex AIRS FPA, to reduce development risk and cost. The AIRS-Light Instrument Incubator program fostered the development of photovoltaic-mode HgCdTe detector array technology for the 13.5-15.4 micron band covered by photoconductive-mode HgCdTe arrays in AIRS, achieved state of the art results in this band, and substantially reduced the development risk for this last new technology needed for AIRS-Light implementation, A demonstration of a prototype 14.5-15.4 micron band IRFPA in a reduced heat-load dewar together with the IMAS pulse tube cryocooler is in progress. Author Atmospheric Circulation; Hydrological Cycle; Atmospheric Temperature; Water Vapor; Temperature Profiles; Radiosondes 20010105250 Federal Energy Technology Center, Morgantown, WV USA SO(x)-NO(x)-ROX Box Flue Gas Cleanup Demonstration: A DOE Assessment Dec. 15, 2000; 34p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-771594; DOE/NETL-2001/1135; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge The SNRB test program demonstrated the feasibility of controlling multiple emissions from a coal-fired boiler in a single processing unit. The degree of emissions removals for SO2, NO(x), and particulates all exceeded the project goals. A high degree of removal for HAPs was also achieved. The SNRB system offers low space requirements, control of multiple pollutants, and operating flexibility. The pneumatic SO2 sorbent and ammonia injection systems are expected to have high reliability because of their mechanical simplicity. Despite these advantages, the SNRB process may not be an economic choice for applications involving SO2 removals above about 85%. For lower levels of SO2 removal, the projected economics for SNRB appear to be more favorable than those of existing processes which involve separate units for the same degree of control for SO2, NO(x), and particulates. NTIS Contaminants; Air Pollution; Pollution Control; Emission; Particulates; Cleaning; Flue Gases 102
20010105281 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USA Sequestration of Carbon Dioxide by Carbonation of Minerals at Supercritical Fluid Conditions Martinez, A. M.; Rubin, J. B.; Sep. 15, 2000; 18p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-762302; LA-UR-00-4286; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche The increasing concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (C02), generated by energy and process industries is receiving heightened international attention. Methods are being sought to reduce emissions and to remove from the environment C02 already produced. A sequestration strategy has been proposed whereby C02 can be disposed of through the carbonation of naturally occurring magnesium silicate minerals such as serpentine and olivine. The resulting nontoxic magnesium carbonate is thermodynamically stable, thereby offering permanent disposal of the C02 in safe form. Furthermore, sufficient high quality magnesium silicate deposits exist worldwide in order to easily handle the C02 resulting from the consumption of all of the worlds coal and petroleum reserves. NTIS Minerals; Carbon Dioxide; Carbon Dioxide Concentration; Carbonization 20010105463 Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Cambridge, MA USA Physical Processes Governing Atmospheric Trace Constituents Measured from an Aircraft on PEM-Tropics Final Report, 1 Mar. 1999 - 28 Feb. 2001 Newell, Reginald E., Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., USA; Oct. 19, 2001; 4p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAG1-2173; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Before the mission, the PI (principal investigator) was instrumental in securing real-time use of the new 51-level ECMWF (European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts) meteorological data. During the mission, he provided flight planning and execution guidance as meteorologist for the P-3B. Mr. Yong Zhu computed and plotted meteorological forecast maps using the ECMWF data and transmitted them to the field from MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology). Dr. John Cho was in the field for the Christmas Island portion to extract data from the on-site NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) radars for local wind profiles that were used at the flight planning meetings. When the power supply for the VHF radar failed, he assisted the NOAA engineer in its repair. After the mission, Mr. Zhu produced meteorological data memos, which were made available to the PEM (Pacific Exploratory Mission)-Tropics B science team on request. An undergraduate student, Ms. Danielle Morse, wrote memos annotating the cloud conditions seen on the aircraft external monitor video tapes. Dr. Cho and the PI circulated a memo regarding the status (and associated problems) of the meteorological measurement systems on the DC-8 and P-3B to the relevant people on the science team. Several papers by members of our project were completed and accepted by JGR (Journal of Geophysical Research) for the first special section on PEM-Tropics B. These papers included coverage of the following topics: 1) examination of boundary layer data; 2) water vapor transport; 3) tropospheric trace constituent layers; 4) summarizations of the meteorological background and events during PEM-Tropics B; 5) concomitant lidar measurements of ozone, water vapor, and aerosol. Derived from text Data Acquisition; Meteorological Instruments; Trace Elements; Tropical Regions; Weather Forecasting; Atmospheric Chemistry
46 GEOPHYSICS
Includes earth structure and dynamics, aeronomy; upper and lower atmosphere studies; ionospheric and magnetospheric physics; and geomagnetism. For related information see 47 Meteorology and Climatology; and 93 Space Radiation.
20010099208 Army Research Lab., Sensors Directorate, Adelphi, MD USA A One-Dimensional Atmospheric Boundary Layer Model: Intermittent Wind Shears and Thermal Stability at Night Turnick, Arnold; Jun. 2001; 28p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A392277; ARL-MR-494; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche A one-dimensional, time-dependent computer model of the atmospheric boundary layer was developed to simulate intermittent turbulence and the near-ground microclimate under nighttime stable conditions. In this study, the model produced several turbulent events (oscillations) through the nighttime period that varied in number, frequency, and strength along the axes of initial geostrophic wind speed. These results were found to be in close agreement with results from several previous 103
observational and theoretical studies of this type. It is suggested, therefore, that the one-dimensional computer model is a useful mathematical representation of the nighttime case that includes intermittency. DTIC Atmospheric Boundary Layer; Computerized Simulation; Geostrophic Wind; Intermittency; Microclimatology 20010099434 Kyushu Univ., Faculty of Engineering, Fukuoka, Japan Distribution of Concrete Corrosive Ground by Geological Study Sato, Toshiyuki, Kyushu Univ., Japan; Matsushita, Hiromichi, Kyushu Univ., Japan; Technology Reports of Kyushu University; July 2001; ISSN 0023-2718; Volume 74, No. 4, pp. 299-306; In Japanese; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity The deterioration of concrete structure occurs due to various factors. The safety of concrete structure is attacked by additional environmental hazards. In this paper, geographical regions which cause sulfate attack of concrete housing foundations were discussed. Firstly, an example of collapse due to deterioration of concrete housing foundations on land developed with coal waste in an old coal-mining area was discussed. Next, a similar case of damage of concrete housing foundations on land developed with mudstones of Neogene formation was verified. As a result, it became clear that the sulfate ion in the ground of Neogene formations was high concentration. This concentration was caused by an increase of the sulfate ion due to oxidized pyrite. Samples were subjected to scanning electron microscope analysis. and distribution maps of the concrete corrosive ground based on geological factors were presented, and geographical regions were noted. Author Concrete Structures; Corrosion; Sulfates; Pyrites; Oxidation 20010100492 Terra Tek, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT USA Characterization of Rocks and Grouts to Support DNAs Verification Program, 1 Mar. 1993-31 Dec. 1994 Martin, J. W., Terra Tek, Inc., USA; Heroux, Sherri A., Terra Tek, Inc., USA; September 2000; 237p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DNA001-93-C-0040 Report No.(s): AD-A389170; TR-95-36; DNA-TR-94-187; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A11, Hardcopy; A03, Microfiche The mechanical and physical properties of various geologic materials and man-made grouts have been determined. The testing was in support of the Defense Nuclear Agencys (DNA) Treaty Verification program. Specifically, test data was generated for use with DNAs HYDROPLUS program. The tests performed included unconfined compression tests, uniaxial strain tests, physical properties, ultrasonic velocities, XRD mineralogy, and lithologic descriptions. In some instances, gas gun samples were prepared and shipped to DNAs gas gun experimentalists. DTIC Mechanical Properties; Compression Tests; Mineralogy; Physical Properties; Lithology; Acoustic Velocity 20010101185 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Oxidized and Reduced Biogenic Nitrogen Compound Emissions into the Rural Troposphere: Characterization and Modeling Roelle, Paul A.; Jan. 2001; 235p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A393631; AFIT-CI-01-206; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A11, Hardcopy; A03, Microfiche Nitrogen compound emissions are known to have profound effects on air quality. Consequences associated with increased emissions of oxidized and reduced nitrogen species are known to be increased tropospheric ozone production, fine particulate aerosol production, nitrate contamination of drinking water, eutrophication and acidification of soil and water bodies. It is well recognized that soil emissions can contribute a substantial percent of the total inventory for both the oxidized and reduced species, but great uncertainty still exists in this inventory. Using a dynamic flow-through chamber technique in conjunction with a state-of-the-art mobile laboratory, this research attempts to characterize and model these oxidized and reduced biogenic nitrogen compound emissions into the rural troposphere. North Carolina has relatively recently witnessed the increased use of both municipal waste biosolids and the land application of swine waste effluent; two processes which both contribute nitrogen to the ecosystem. The first of these processes involves the land application of municipal waste biosolids as a cost effective way to dispose of these nutrient rich byproducts of the wastewater treatment process. During the last three decades extensive research has been conducted on nitric oxide emissions from agricultural soils and consequently an extensive database has been developed which is used to relate these emissions to various environmental parameters. Biosolid amended soils, however remain a land-use type which are comparatively much less studied. DTIC Atmospheric Chemistry; Nitrogen Compounds; Troposphere 104
20010103202 Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Cambridge, MA USA Laboratory Studies of Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Chemical Processes of Importance in the Upper Atmosphere Annual Report Molina, Mario J., Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., USA; [2001; 7p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAG5-8887; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche The objective of this study is to conduct measurements of chemical kinetics parameters for reactions of importance in the stratosphere and upper troposphere, and to study the interaction of trace gases such as HCl with ice surfaces in order to elucidate the mechanism of heterogeneous chlorine activation processes, using both a theoretical and an experimental approach. The measurements will be carried out under temperature and pressure conditions covering those applicable to the stratosphere and upper troposphere. The techniques to be employed include turbulent flow - chemical ionization mass spectrometry, and optical ellipsometry. The next section summarizes our research activities during the second year of the project, and the section that follows consists of the statement of work for the third year. Author Chemical Reactions; Heterogeneity; Upper Atmosphere; Turbulent Flow; Reaction Kinetics 20010103214 National Research Inst. for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention, Solid Earth Science Div., Tsukuba, Japan Three-Dimensional Velocity Structure of the Kanto-Tokai District, Japan, Part 3, Summary of Observational Results from the Special Research Project Research on Crustal Activities in the Kanto-Tokai District Sekiguchi, Shoji, National Research Inst. for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention, Japan; Technical Note of the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention; March 2001; ISSN 0917-057X, TN-213, pp. 1-55; In Japanese; Original contains color illustrations; Copyright Waived; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche A three dimensional velocity structure of the Kanto-Tokai district, Japan was obtained by means of the travel time tomography using P and S travel time data observed by the APE system over a period of 18 years. Low velocity zones corresponding to the subducted oceanic crust of the Philippine Sea plate and the Pacific plate are clearly discriminated. A high velocity area which should be an aseisimic slab, was also discovered ahead of the leading edge of the subducted Philippine Sea plate. Author Tomography; Japan; Ocean Bottom; Plates (Tectonics); Three Dimensional Models; Velocity Distribution 20010103245 Naval Postgraduate School, Dept. of Oceanography, Monterey, CA USA The Physical Characteristics of Bottom Sediment Near Sur Ridge, California Gabriel, Christopher L.; Mar. 2001; 189p; In English; Original contains color plates Report No.(s): AD-A391676; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A09, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche A study was conducted to determine the relationships between the geomorphology, sedimentology and acoustic properties surrounding Sur Ridge, California, in an effort to determine their effects on acoustic tomography. Eleven gravity cores were taken in the vicinity of Sur Ridge. Detailed acoustic and sedimentologial analyses were conducted on the sediment within each core. The acoustic characteristics of the sediment and the geomorphology of Sur slope were examined to determine their impact on the arrival times and structures of acoustic tomography signals sent from a source on Davidson Seamount to a receiver on Sur Ridge. Based on analyses of cores collected for this study, it was found that sediment along the western slope of Sur Ridge are composed primarily of hemipelagic silty clays. Sediment within the trough to the east of Sur Ridge are fine sands composed primarily of relict glauconite grains that appear to be a lag deposit created by a relatively strong bottom current. The in-situ compressional wave velocities and wet bulk densities from the cores taken along the lower part of Sur slope were then assimilated into an existing acoustic model in an attempt to improve the accuracy of the model. Results indicated that due to the presence of a sound channel in the surficial sediment, the cores taken did not penetrate deep enough into the sediment in order to obtain an accurate profile of the compressional wave velocity gradient within the sediment. DTIC Sediments; Acoustic Measurement; Physical Properties; Ocean Bottom; Geomorphology; Tomography 20010104352 Center for Mathematics and Computer Science, Amsterdam Netherlands Maxwell Stability Criterion in Pseudo-Energy Models of Kink Banding Hunt, G. W.; Peletier, M. A.; Ahmer Wadee, M.; May 1999; 30p Report No.(s): PB2001-108630; MAS-R9911; Copyright; Avail: National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Microfiche Kink banding, common to many structures in nature and engineering, has several distinctive features-notably highly nonlinear snap-back instability leading to localization and sequential lock-up. The proposed friction model, although simplified, 105
introduces these defining characteristics without obscuring them by including other effects of lesser immediate significance. In the absence of small imperfections or disturbances, linearized theory suggests that in its pre-kinked configuration the system never goes unstable. However, under sufficient applied end-displacement it is shown to be in a state of extreme metastability, such that micro-disturbances would trigger the nonlinear response. to overcome this problem the authors adopt an energy approach based on a global rather than a local stability criterion. When applied to imperfect systems with small initial misalignments, the critical displacement thus defined shows little of the sensitivity expected from other stability criteria, and provides a useful lower bound on the expected critical displacement and associated load. NTIS Maxwell Equation; Mathematical Models; Energy Methods; Structural Stability; Metastable State 20010104468 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA International Solar-Terrestrial Program Key Parameter Visualization Tool Data: USA_NASA_DDF_ISTP_KP_0166 Ocuna, M. H., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Ogilvie, K. W., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Baker, D. N., Colorado Univ., USA; Curtis, S. A., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Fairfield, D. H., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Mish, W. H., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; 2000; In English; CD-ROM contains the product data files in minor subdirectories which are specific to the mission, instrument, and data type being distributed on this disk; The CD-ROM conforms to the ISO 9660 format and as such is constrained to the 8.3 file naming convention. It is platform independent, and will not contain any specific platform information (e.g. RMS data specifics) Report No.(s): NP-2000(06)-066-GSFC; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; C01, CD-ROM The Global Geospace Science Program (GGS) is designed to improve greatly the understanding of the flow of energy, mass and momentum in the solar-terrestrial environment with particular emphasis on Geospace. The Global Geospace Science Program is the US contribution to the International Solar-Terrestrial Physics (ISTP) Science Initiative. This CD-ROM issue describes the WIND and POLAR spacecraft, the scientific experiments carried onboard, the Theoretical and Ground Based investigations which constitute the US Global Geospace Science Program and the ISTP Data Systems which support the data acquisition and analysis effort. The International Solar-Terrestrial Physics Program (ISTP) Key Parameter Visualization Tool (KPVT), provided on the CD-ROM, was developed at the ISTP Science Planning and Operations Facility (SPOF). The KPVT is a generic software package for visualizing the key parameter data produced from all ISTP missions, interactively and simultaneously. The tool is designed to facilitate correlative displays of ISTP data from multiple spacecraft and instruments, and thus the selection of candidate events and data quality control. The software, written in IDL, includes a graphical/widget user interface, and runs on many platforms, including various UNIX workstations, Alpha/Open VMS, Macintosh (680x0 and PowerPC), and PC/Windows NT, Windows 3.1, and Windows 95. Derived from text Solar Terrestrial Interactions; Earth Ionosphere; Earth Magnetosphere; Solar Wind; Heliosphere; Solar Activity Effects; Data; Polar/Ggs Spacecraft; Wind/Ggs Spacecraft
20010104469 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA International Solar-Terrestrial Program Key Parameter Visualization Tool Data: USA_NASA_DDF_ISTP_KP_0163 Ocuna, M. H., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Ogilvie, K. W., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Baker, D. N., Colorado Univ., USA; Curtis, S. A., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Fairfield, D. H., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Mish, W. H., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; 2000; In English; CD-ROM contains the product data files in minor subdirectories which are specific to the mission, instrument, and data type being distributed on this disk; The CD-ROM conforms to the ISO 9660 format and as such is constrained to the 8.3 file naming convention. It is platform independent, and will not contain any specific platform information (e.g. RMS data specifics) Report No.(s): NP-2000(05)-048-GSFC; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; C01, CD-ROM The Global Geospace Science Program (GGS) is designed to improve greatly the understanding of the flow of energy, mass and momentum in the solar-terrestrial environment with particular emphasis on Geospace. The Global Geospace Science Program is the US contribution to the International Solar-Terrestrial Physics (ISTP) Science Initiative. This CD-ROM issue describes the WIND and POLAR spacecraft, the scientific experiments carried onboard, the Theoretical and Ground Based investigations which constitute the US Global Geospace Science Program and the ISTP Data Systems which support the data acquisition and analysis effort. The International Solar-Terrestrial Physics Program (ISTP) Key Parameter Visualization Tool (KPVT), provided on the CD-ROM, was developed at the ISTP Science Planning and Operations Facility (SPOF). The KPVT is a generic software package for visualizing the key parameter data produced from all ISTP missions, interactively and simultaneously. The tool is designed to facilitate correlative displays of ISTP data from multiple spacecraft and instruments, and 106
thus the selection of candidate events and data quality control. The software, written in IDL, includes a graphical/widget user interface, and runs on many platforms, including various UNIX workstations, Alpha/Open VMS, Macintosh (680x0 and PowerPC), and PC/Windows NT, Windows 3.1, and Windows 95. Derived from text Solar Terrestrial Interactions; Earth Ionosphere; Earth Magnetosphere; Solar Wind; Heliosphere; Solar Activity Effects; Data; Polar/Ggs Spacecraft; Wind/Ggs Spacecraft
20010104470 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA International Solar-Terrestrial Program Key Parameter Visualization Tool Data: USA_NASA_DDF_ISTP_IM_KP_0175 Ocuna, M. H., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Ogilvie, K. W., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Baker, D. N., Colorado Univ., USA; Curtis, S. A., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Fairfield, D. H., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Mish, W. H., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; 2000; In English; CD-ROM contains the product data files in minor subdirectories which are specific to the mission, instrument, and data type being distributed on this disk; The CD-ROM conforms to the ISO 9660 format and as such is constrained to the 8.3 file naming convention. It is platform independent, and will not contain any specific platform information (e.g. RMS data specifics) Report No.(s): NP-2000(06)-067-GSFC; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; C01, CD-ROM The Global Geospace Science Program (GGS) is designed to improve greatly the understanding of the flow of energy, mass and momentum in the solar-terrestrial environment with particular emphasis on Geospace. The Global Geospace Science Program is the US contribution to the International Solar-Terrestrial Physics (ISTP) Science Initiative. This CD-ROM issue describes the WIND and POLAR spacecraft, the scientific experiments carried onboard, the Theoretical and Ground Based investigations which constitute the US Global Geospace Science Program and the ISTP Data Systems which support the data acquisition and analysis effort. The International Solar-Terrestrial Physics Program (ISTP) Key Parameter Visualization Tool (KPVT), provided on the CD-ROM, was developed at the ISTP Science Planning and Operations Facility (SPOF). The KPVT is a generic software package for visualizing the key parameter data produced from all ISTP missions, interactively and simultaneously. The tool is designed to facilitate correlative displays of ISTP data from multiple spacecraft and instruments, and thus the selection of candidate events and data quality control. The software, written in IDL, includes a graphical/widget user interface, and runs on many platforms, including various UNIX workstations, Alpha/Open VMS, Macintosh (680x0 and PowerPC), and PC/Windows NT, Windows 3.1, and Windows 95. Derived from text Solar Terrestrial Interactions; Earth Ionosphere; Earth Magnetosphere; Solar Wind; Heliosphere; Solar Activity Effects; Data; Polar/Ggs Spacecraft; Wind/Ggs Spacecraft
20010104474 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA International Solar-Terrestrial Program Key Parameter Visualization Tool Data: USA_NASA_DDF_ISTP_KP_0165 Ocuna, M. H., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Ogilvie, K. W., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Baker, D. N., Colorado Univ., USA; Curtis, S. A., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Fairfield, D. H., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Mish, W. H., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; 2000; In English; CD-ROM contains the product data files in minor subdirectories which are specific to the mission, instrument, and data type being distributed on this disk; The CD-ROM conforms to the ISO 9660 format and as such is constrained to the 8.3 file naming convention. It is platform independent, and will not contain any specific platform information (e.g. RMS data specifics) Report No.(s): NP-2000(06)-062-GSFC; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; C01, CD-ROM The Global Geospace Science Program (GGS) is designed to improve greatly the understanding of the flow of energy, mass and momentum in the solar-terrestrial environment with particular emphasis on Geospace. The Global Geospace Science Program is the US contribution to the International Solar-Terrestrial Physics (ISTP) Science Initiative. This CD-ROM issue describes the WIND and POLAR spacecraft, the scientific experiments carried onboard, the Theoretical and Ground Based investigations which constitute the US Global Geospace Science Program and the ISTP Data Systems which support the data acquisition and analysis effort. The International Solar-Terrestrial Physics Program (ISTP) Key Parameter Visualization Tool (KPVT), provided on the CD-ROM, was developed at the ISTP Science Planning and Operations Facility (SPOF). The KPVT is a generic software package for visualizing the key parameter data produced from all ISTP missions, interactively and simultaneously. The tool is designed to facilitate correlative displays of ISTP data from multiple spacecraft and instruments, and thus the selection of candidate events and data quality control. The software, written in IDL, includes a graphical/widget user 107
interface, and runs on many platforms, including various UNIX workstations, Alpha/Open VMS, Macintosh (680x0 and PowerPC), and PC/Windows NT, Windows 3.1, and Windows 95. Derived from text Solar Terrestrial Interactions; Earth Ionosphere; Earth Magnetosphere; Solar Wind; Heliosphere; Solar Activity Effects; Data; Polar/Ggs Spacecraft; Wind/Ggs Spacecraft
20010104475 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA International Solar-Terrestrial Program Key Parameter Visualization Tool Data: USA_NASA_DDF_ISTP_KP_0164 Ocuna, M. H., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Ogilvie, K. W., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Baker, D. N., Colorado Univ., USA; Curtis, S. A., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Fairfield, D. H., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Mish, W. H., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; 2000; In English; CD-ROM contains the product data files in minor subdirectories which are specific to the mission, instrument, and data type being distributed on this disk; The CD-ROM conforms to the ISO 9660 format and as such is constrained to the 8.3 file naming convention. It is platform independent, and will not contain any specific platform information (e.g. RMS data specifics) Report No.(s): NP-2000(05)-046-GSFC; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; C01, CD-ROM The Global Geospace Science Program (GGS) is designed to improve greatly the understanding of the flow of energy, mass and momentum in the solar-terrestrial environment with particular emphasis on Geospace. The Global Geospace Science Program is the US contribution to the International Solar-Terrestrial Physics (ISTP) Science Initiative. This CD-ROM issue describes the WIND and POLAR spacecraft, the scientific experiments carried onboard, the Theoretical and Ground Based investigations which constitute the US Global Geospace Science Program and the ISTP Data Systems which support the data acquisition and analysis effort. The International Solar-Terrestrial Physics Program (ISTP) Key Parameter Visualization Tool (KPVT), provided on the CD-ROM, was developed at the ISTP Science Planning and Operations Facility (SPOF). The KPVT is a generic software package for visualizing the key parameter data produced from all ISTP missions, interactively and simultaneously. The tool is designed to facilitate correlative displays of ISTP data from multiple spacecraft and instruments, and thus the selection of candidate events and data quality control. The software, written in IDL, includes a graphical/widget user interface, and runs on many platforms, including various UNIX workstations, Alpha/Open VMS, Macintosh (680x0 and PowerPC), and PC/Windows NT, Windows 3.1, and Windows 95. Derived from text Solar Terrestrial Interactions; Earth Ionosphere; Earth Magnetosphere; Solar Wind; Heliosphere; Solar Activity Effects; Data; Polar/Ggs Spacecraft; Wind/Ggs Spacecraft
20010104476 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA International Solar-Terrestrial Program Key Parameter Visualization Tool Data: USA_NASA_DDF_ISTP_KP_0162 Ocuna, M. H., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Ogilvie, K. W., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Baker, D. N., Colorado Univ., USA; Curtis, S. A., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Fairfield, D. H., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Mish, W. H., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; 2000; In English; CD-ROM contains the product data files in minor subdirectories which are specific to the mission, instrument, and data type being distributed on this disk; The CD-ROM conforms to the ISO 9660 format and as such is constrained to the 8.3 file naming convention. It is platform independent, and will not contain any specific platform information (e.g. RMS data specifics) Report No.(s): NP-2000(04)-044-GSFC; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; C01, CD-ROM The Global Geospace Science Program (GGS) is designed to improve greatly the understanding of the flow of energy, mass and momentum in the solar-terrestrial environment with particular emphasis on Geospace. The Global Geospace Science Program is the US contribution to the International Solar-Terrestrial Physics (ISTP) Science Initiative. This CD-ROM issue describes the WIND and POLAR spacecraft, the scientific experiments carried onboard, the Theoretical and Ground Based investigations which constitute the US Global Geospace Science Program and the ISTP Data Systems which support the data acquisition and analysis effort. The International Solar-Terrestrial Physics Program (ISTP) Key Parameter Visualization Tool (KPVT), provided on the CD-ROM, was developed at the ISTP Science Planning and Operations Facility (SPOF). The KPVT is a generic software package for visualizing the key parameter data produced from all ISTP missions, interactively and simultaneously. The tool is designed to facilitate correlative displays of ISTP data from multiple spacecraft and instruments, and thus the selection of candidate events and data quality control. The software, written in IDL, includes a graphical/widget user 108
20010104478 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA International Solar-Terrestrial Program Key Parameter Visualization Tool Data: USA_NASA_DDF_ISTP_IM_KP_0180 Ocuna, M. H., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Ogilvie, K. W., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Baker, D. N., Colorado Univ., USA; Curtis, S. A., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Fairfield, D. H., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Mish, W. H., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; 2000; In English; CD-ROM contains the product data files in minor subdirectories which are specific to the mission, instrument, and data type being distributed on this disk; The CD-ROM conforms to the ISO 9660 format and as such is constrained to the 8.3 file naming convention. It is platform independent, and will not contain any specific platform information (e.g. RMS data specifics) Report No.(s): NP-2000(08)-091-GSFC; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; C01, CD-ROM The Global Geospace Science Program (GGS) is designed to improve greatly the understanding of the flow of energy, mass and momentum in the solar-terrestrial environment with particular emphasis on Geospace. The Global Geospace Science Program is the US contribution to the International Solar-Terrestrial Physics (ISTP) Science Initiative. This CD-ROM issue describes the WIND and POLAR spacecraft, the scientific experiments carried onboard, the Theoretical and Ground Based investigations which constitute the US Global Geospace Science Program and the ISTP Data Systems which support the data acquisition and analysis effort. The International Solar-Terrestrial Physics Program (ISTP) Key Parameter Visualization Tool (KPVT), provided on the CD-ROM, was developed at the ISTP Science Planning and Operations Facility (SPOF). The KPVT is a generic software package for visualizing the key parameter data produced from all ISTP missions, interactively and simultaneously. The tool is designed to facilitate correlative displays of ISTP data from multiple spacecraft and instruments, and thus the selection of candidate events and data quality control. The software, written in IDL, includes a graphical/widget user 109
interface, and runs on many platforms, including various UNIX workstations, Alpha/Open VMS, Macintosh (680x0 and PowerPC), and PC/Windows NT, Windows 3.1, and Windows 95. Derived from text Solar Terrestrial Interactions; Earth Ionosphere; Earth Magnetosphere; Solar Wind; Heliosphere; Solar Activity Effects; Data; Polar/Ggs Spacecraft; Wind/Ggs Spacecraft 20010104487 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA International Solar-Terrestrial Program Key Parameter Visualization Tool Data: USA_NASA_DDF_ISTP_IM_KP_0170 Ocuna, M. H., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Ogilvie, K. W., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Baker, D. N., Colorado Univ., USA; Curtis, S. A., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Fairfield, D. H., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Mish, W. H., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; 2000; In English; CD-ROM contains the product data files in minor subdirectories which are specific to the mission, instrument, and data type being distributed on this disk; The CD-ROM conforms to the ISO 9660 format and as such is constrained to the 8.3 file naming convention. It is platform independent, and will not contain any specific platform information (e.g. RMS data specifics) Report No.(s): NP-2000(05)-049-GSFC; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; C01, CD-ROM The Global Geospace Science Program (GGS) is designed to improve greatly the understanding of the flow of energy, mass and momentum in the solar-terrestrial environment with particular emphasis on Geospace. The Global Geospace Science Program is the US contribution to the International Solar-Terrestrial Physics (ISTP) Science Initiative. This CD-ROM issue describes the WIND and POLAR spacecraft, the scientific experiments carried onboard, the Theoretical and Ground Based investigations which constitute the US Global Geospace Science Program and the ISTP Data Systems which support the data acquisition and analysis effort. The International Solar-Terrestrial Physics Program (ISTP) Key Parameter Visualization Tool (KPVT), provided on the CD-ROM, was developed at the ISTP Science Planning and Operations Facility (SPOF). The KPVT is a generic software package for visualizing the key parameter data produced from all ISTP missions, interactively and simultaneously. The tool is designed to facilitate correlative displays of ISTP data from multiple spacecraft and instruments, and thus the selection of candidate events and data quality control. The software, written in IDL, includes a graphical/widget user interface, and runs on many platforms, including various UNIX workstations, Alpha/Open VMS, Macintosh (680x0 and PowerPC), and PC/Windows NT, Windows 3.1, and Windows 95. Derived from text Solar Terrestrial Interactions; Earth Ionosphere; Earth Magnetosphere; Solar Wind; Heliosphere; Solar Activity Effects; Data; Polar/Ggs Spacecraft; Wind/Ggs Spacecraft
47 METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY

Includes weather observation forecasting and modification
20010099432 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA Observations and Analysis of Three-Dimensional Radiative Effects that Influence MODIS Cloud Optical Thickness Retrievals Varnai, Tamas; Marshak, Alexander; [2001]; 62p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAG5-6675; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche When cloud properties are retrieved from satellite observations, the calculations apply one-dimensional (1D) theory to the three-dimensional (3D) world: They consider only vertical processes and ignore horizontal interactions. This paper proposes a novel approach that can estimate 3D effects in cloud optical thickness retrievals. The proposed method combines visible and thermal infrared images to see whether 3D radiative effects make clouds appear asymmetric-that is, whether cloud slopes tilted toward the sun are systematically brighter than slopes tilted away from it. The observed asymmetries are then used to estimate 3D effects for 1 km size pixels as well as 50 km size areas. Initial results obtained for MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging 114
Spectroradiometer) images reveal that 3D effects cause abundant uncertainties in the 1 km resolution ID retrievals. Averaging over 50 km by 50 km areas greatly reduces the errors but does not remove them completely. Author Cloud Physics; Imaging Techniques; Satellite Observation; Infrared Imagery 20010099433 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA A Numerical Study of Tropical Sea-Air Interactions Using a Cloud Resolving Model Coupled with an Ocean Mixed-Layer Model Shie, Chung-Lin, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Tao, Wei-Kuo, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Johnson, Dan, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Simpson, Joanne, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Li, Xiaofan, National Environmental Satellite Service, USA; Sui, Chung-Hsiung, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; [2001]; 3p; In English; 11th Intera Conference, 14-18 May 2001, San Diego, CA, USA; Sponsored by American Meteorological Society, USA; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Coupling a cloud resolving model (CRM) with an ocean mixed layer (OML) model can provide a powerful tool for better understanding impacts of atmospheric precipitation on sea surface temperature (SST) and salinity. The objective of this study is twofold. First, by using the three dimensional (3-D) CRM-simulated (the Goddard Cumulus Ensemble model, GCE) diabatic source terms, radiation (longwave and shortwave), surface fluxes (sensible and latent heat, and wind stress), and precipitation as input for the OML model, the respective impact of individual component on upper ocean heat and salt budgets are investigated. Secondly, a two-way air-sea interaction between tropical atmospheric climates (involving atmospheric radiative-convective processes) and upper ocean boundary layer is also examined using a coupled two dimensional (2-D) GCE and OML model. Results presented here, however, only involve the first aspect. Complete results will be presented at the conference. Author Air Water Interactions; Atmospheric Models; Ocean Models; Salinity; Sea Surface Temperature; Three Dimensional Models 20010099436 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA On Rainfall Modification by Major Urban Areas, Part 1, Observations from Space-borne Rain Radar on TRMM Shepherd, J. Marshall, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Pierce, Harold, Science Systems and Applications, Inc., USA; [2001]; 46p; In English; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche This study represents one of the first published attempts to identify rainfall modification by urban areas using satellite-based rainfall measurements. Data from the first space-based rain-radar, the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Missions (TRMM) Precipitation Radar, are employed. Analysis of the data enables identification of rainfall patterns around Atlanta, Montgomery, Nashville, San Antonio, Waco, and Dallas during the warm season. Results reveal an average increase of -28% in monthly rainfall rates within 30-60 kilometers downwind of the metropolis with a modest increase of 5.6% over the metropolis. Portions of the downwind area exhibit increases as high as 51%. The percentage chances are relative to an upwind CONTROL area. It was also found that maximum rainfall rates in the downwind impact area can exceed the mean value in the upwind CONTROL area by 48%-116%. The maximum value was generally found at an average distance of 39 km from the edge of the urban center or 64 km from the center of the city. These results are consistent with METROMEX studies of St. Louis almost two decades ago and more recent studies near Atlanta. Future work will investi(yate hypothesized factors causing rainfall modification by urban areas. Additional work is also needed to provide more robust validation of space-based rain estimates near major urban areas. Such research has implications for urban planning, water resource management, and understanding human impact on the environment. Author Precipitation (Meteorology); Estimates; Meteorological Radar; Water Resources; Space Based Radar 20010100385 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA Wind-Stress Simulations and Equatorial Dynamics in an AGCM, Part 1, Basic Results from a 1979-1999 Forced SST Experiment Bacmeister, Julio T., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Suarez, Max J., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; [2001]; 51p; In English; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche This is the first of a two part study examining the connection of the equatorial momentum budget in an AGCM (Atmospheric General Circulation Model), with simulated equatorial surface wind stresses over the Pacific. The AGCM used in this study forms part of a newly developed coupled forecasting system used at NASAs Seasonal- to-Interannual Prediction Project. Here we describe the model and present results from a 20-year (1979-1999) AMIP-type experiment forced with observed SSTs (Sea Surface Temperatures). Model results are compared them with available observational data sets. The climatological pattern of extra-tropical planetary waves as well as their ENSO-related variability is found to agree quite well with re-analysis estimates. 115
The models surface wind stress is examined in detail, and reveals a reasonable overall simulation of seasonal interannual variability, as well as seasonal mean distributions. However, an excessive annual oscillation in wind stress over the equatorial central Pacific is found. We examine the models divergent circulation over the tropical Pacific and compare it with estimates based on re-analysis data. These comparisons are generally good, but reveal excessive upper-level convergence in the central Pacific. In Part II of this study a direct examination of individual terms in the AGCMs momentum budget is presented. We relate the results of this analysis to the models simulation of surface wind stress. Author Atmospheric General Circulation Models; Forecasting; Tropical Regions; Wind Shear; Annual Variations; Ground Wind; Pacific Ocean; Atmospheric Circulation; Sea Surface Temperature 20010101176 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Observed Microphysical and Radiative Structure of Mid-Level, Mixed-Phase Clouds Fleishauer, Robert P.; May 2001; 190p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A393615; AFIT-CI-01-204; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A09, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche Airborne measurements of six mid-level clouds observed over the Great Plains of the USA in late 1999 and early 2000 are analyzed extensively. All cloud fields are associated with a 500-mb low-pressure center or a potential vorticity maximum, with additional lift provided by upper-level jet streams. Data show that these innocuous looking clouds display complicated microphysical and thermodynamic structures. Five of six cases include mixed-phase conditions in temperatures ranging from near freezing to -3l C, at altitudes of 2400 to 7200 m. Four of the cases consist of a single cloud layer, while the other two are multi-layered systems. of particular note, in single-layered clouds, there is an increase of liquid water content with height versus a decrease in ice water content over the same depth. This is in contrast to multi-layered systems, where the liquid water content has the same basic shape, but the ice water content is distributed more uniformly throughout all layers. We attribute these structural differences to a seeder-feeder mechanism operating in the multi-layered systems. A lack of temperature inversions in these mid-level clouds is a major difference from the thermodynamic structure of most stratocumulus systems. We found the virtual potential temperature to be the best discriminator of cloud interfaces for mid-level clouds, with 1-2 C differences between ambient and cloud air. A noteworthy contribution to this observational study was the use of the Cloud Particle Imager (CPI) instrument for the qualitative analysis of the particle sizes, shapes, habits, and distributions through the cloud. An analysis of the liquid water budget of a Lagrangian cloud sample revealed that large-scale subsidence was the main mechanism responsible for its dissipation. Heating rates and fluxes are computed for each cloud using a single-column radiative transfer model. DTIC Cloud Cover; Radiation Effects; Temperature Inversions; Thermodynamics 20010102593 NASA Goddard Inst. for Space Studies, New York, NY USA Simultaneous Retrieval of Temperature, Water Vapor and Ozone Atmospheric Profiles from IASI: Compression, De-noising, First Guess Retrieval and Inversion Algorithms Aires, F., Columbia Univ., USA; Rossow, W. B., NASA Goddard Inst. for Space Studies, USA; Scott, N. A., Ecole Polytechnique, France; Chedin, A., Ecole Polytechnique, France; [2001]; 55p; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): GCN-01-34; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche A fast temperature water vapor and ozone atmospheric profile retrieval algorithm is developed for the high spectral resolution Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) space-borne instrument. Compression and de-noising of IASI observations are performed using Principal Component Analysis. This preprocessing methodology also allows, for a fast pattern recognition in a climatological data set to obtain a first guess. Then, a neural network using first guess information is developed to retrieve simultaneously temperature, water vapor and ozone atmospheric profiles. The performance of the resulting fast and accurate inverse model is evaluated with a large diversified data set of radiosondes atmospheres including rare events. Author Atmospheric Temperature; Water Vapor; Ozone; Algorithms; Atmospheric Sounding; Neural Nets; Atmospheric Composition; Principal Components Analysis 20010102849 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA A Canonical Ensemble Correlation Prediction Model for Seasonal Precipitation Anomaly Shen, Samuel S. P., National Academy of Sciences - National Research Council, USA; Lau, William K. M., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Kim, Kyu-Myong, Science Systems and Applications, Inc., USA; Li, Guilong, Alberta Univ., Canada; September 2001; 53p; In English 116
Report No.(s): NASA/TM-2001-209989; Rept-2001-03628-0; NAS 1.15:209989; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche This report describes an optimal ensemble forecasting model for seasonal precipitation and its error estimation. Each individual forecast is based on the canonical correlation analysis (CCA) in the spectral spaces whose bases are empirical orthogonal functions (EOF). The optimal weights in the ensemble forecasting crucially depend on the mean square error of each individual forecast. An estimate of the mean square error of a CCA prediction is made also using the spectral method. The error is decomposed onto EOFs of the predictand and decreases linearly according to the correlation between the predictor and predictand. This new CCA model includes the following features: (1) the use of area-factor, (2) the estimation of prediction error, and (3) the optimal ensemble of multiple forecasts. The new CCA model is applied to the seasonal forecasting of the USA precipitation field. The predictor is the sea surface temperature. Author Long Range Weather Forecasting; Spectral Correlation; Annual Variations; Canonical Forms; Mean Square Values; Orthogonal Functions; Sea Surface Temperature 20010103546 Colorado Univ., Dept. of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, Boulder, CO USA A Low-Cost, Remotely-Deployable Meteor Radar System for Mesosphere/Ionosphere Coupling Studies Final Report, 15 Mar. 1998-30 Nov. 2000 Palo, Scott E.; Apr. 03, 2001; 4p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-98-1-0382 Report No.(s): AD-A391459; AFRL-SR-BL-TR-01-0376; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche The fundamental objective of this project is the development of a low-cost remotely deployable meteor radar system. This system will provide measurements of the neutral wind in the mesosphere and lower-thermosphere as determined using radio reflection from meteor trails. Our goal is to design, construct and deploy this system to Platteville, Colorado to make continuous wind measurements. DTIC Radar Equipment; Wave Reflection; Meteorological Radar; Wind Measurement; Meteor Trails; Meteoroids 20010104349 Center for Mathematics and Computer Science, Amsterdam Netherlands Spatial Discretization of the Shallow Water Equations in Spherical Geometry Using Oshers Scheme Lanser, D.; Blom, J. G.; Vermer, J. G.; Jul. 1999; 40p Report No.(s): PB2001-108637; MAS-R9918; Copyright; Avail: National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Microfiche The shallow water equations in spherical geometry provide a first prototype for developing and testing numerical algorithms for atmospheric circulation models. Since the seventies these models are often solved with spectral methods. Increasing demands on grid resolution combined with massive parallelism and local grid refinement seem to offer significantly better perspectives for gridpoint methods. In this paper, we study the use of Oshers finite-volume scheme for the spatial discretization of the shallow water equations on the rotating sphere. This high-order finite volume scheme of upwind type is well suited to solve a hyperbolic system of equations. Special attention is paid to the pole problem. to that end Oshers scheme is applied on the common (reduced) latitude-longitude grid and on a stereographic grid. The latter is most appropriate in the polar region as in stereographic coordinates the pole singularity does not exist. The latitude-longitude grid is preferred on lower latitudes. Therefore, across the sphere we apply Oshers scheme on a combined grid connecting the two grids at high latitude. We will show that this provides an attractive spatial discretization for explicit integration methods, as it can greatly reduce the time step limitation incurred by the pole singularity when using a latitude-longitude grid only. NTIS Atmospheric Circulation; Atmospheric Models; Computational Grids; Climate Models; Finite Volume Method; Flow Equations; Shallow Water; Spectral Methods; Rotating Spheres 20010105286 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA The Impact of TRMM Data on Mesoscale Numerical Simulation of Super Typhoon Paka Pu, Zhao-Xia, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Tao, Wei-Kuo, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Jia, Yi-Qin, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Simpson, Joanne, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Braun, Scott A., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Halverson, Jeffrey, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Hou, Arthur, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Olson, William, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; [2001]; 4p; In English; 9th Conference on Mesoscale Processes, 30 Jul. - 2 Aug. 2001, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche 117
Accurate measurement of the spatial and temporal variations of tropical rainfall around the globe had remained as a critical problem in meteorology until the recent launch of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). TRMM offers a unique opportunity to improve understanding of tropical meteorology and also offers a great opportunity to evaluate the impact of rainfall data on tropical weather forecasts. This study assesses the impact of TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI) derived surface rainfall data on the numerical simulation of Super Typhoon Paka (1997). Derived from text Typhoons; Trmm Satellite; Tropical Meteorology; Spatial Distribution; Temporal Distribution; Mesoscale Phenomena
48 OCEANOGRAPHY
Includes the physical, chemical and biological aspects of oceans and seas; ocean dynamics, and marine resources. For related information see also 43 Earth Resources and Remote Sensing.
20010099587 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Pacific Marine Environmental Lab., Seattle, WA USA CTD Measurements during 1999 and 2000 as Part of the Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System (Goals)/Pan Anerican Climate Studies (PACS), Volume 2 McTaggart, K. E.; Johnson, G. C.; June 2001; 512p; In English; See also PB2001-107620-Vol-1 Report No.(s): PB2001-107621; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A22, Hardcopy; A04, Microfiche During 1999 and 2000, CTD data were collected in the equatorial Pacific Ocean as part of the Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System (GOALS)/Pan American Climate Studies (PACS), follow-up programs to the Tropical Ocean-Global Atmosphere (TOGA) program and Equatorial Pacific Ocean Climate Studies (EPOCS). Summaries of Sea-Bird CTD measurements and hydrographic data acquired on 16 cruises are presented. Composite potential temperature-salinity diagrams and sections plots of oceanographic variables along 95 degrees W, 110 degrees W, 125 degrees W, 140 degrees W, 155 degrees W, 170 degrees W, 180 degrees and 165 degrees E meridians are given. Profiles including station location, meteorological conditions, and abbreviated CTD data listings are shown for each cast. Hydrographic data for listed for each cruise. NTIS Air Water Interactions; Oceanographic Parameters; Climate; Marine Environments 20010099947 Office of Naval Research, Arlington, VA USA Rapid Geoacoustics Inversion Methods Used in LWAD98-2-Sea Test Turgut, Altan; Apr. 12, 1999; 14p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A391317; NRL/MR/7120-99-8369; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche A concept for rapid environmental characterization of the sea bottom/subbottom has been successfully tested during the LWAD98-2 seatest. As a proof-of-concept test, inversion of statistical parameters of a Jackson/Turgut bottom/subbottom scattering model from backscatter data is performed. Seabed geoacoustic properties are also inverted from normal-incidence acoustic data. Results are in agreement with the previously reported geoacoustic data for the area. Iterative time-reversal techniques were also used to improve backscattered signal quality in an engineering trial. All the time-reversal hardware and software components functioned well except for the proper band-pass filtering of the received backscatter signal. DTIC Acoustic Properties; Backscattering; Inversions; Seas; Ocean Bottom; Oceanography 20010100390 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA Mixed Layer Drift Revealed by Satellite Data Liu, Antony K., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Zhao, Yun-He, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Esaias, Wayne E., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Campbell, Janet W., New Hampshire Univ., USA; Moore, Timothy, New Hampshire Univ., USA; [2001]; 11p; In English; Original contains color illustrations; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche For the first time we are able to derive ocean currents using the wavelet algorithm for feature tracking from two different sensors (MODIS and SeaWiFS) on different satellites. Satellite ocean color data provide an important insight to the marine biosphere because of their capability to quantify certain fundamental properties (such as phytoplankton pigment concentration, marine primary production, etc.) on a global basis. The mixed layer drift can be derived because the ocean color signal bears information from a much larger depth (10 to 30 meters) as compared with the sea surface temperature data. Although the drifter 118
data are very limited in the study area, the comparison shows a general agreement between drifter data and satellite tracking results, especially for the cases near the Gulf Stream boundary. Author Remote Sensing; Satellite Imagery; Water Color; Ocean Currents; Wavelet Analysis
20010100393 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA Variability of Antarctic Sea Ice 1979-1998 Zwally, H. Jay, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Comiso, Josefino C., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Parkinson, Claire L., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Cavalieri, Donald J., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Gloersen, Per, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; [2001]; 68p; In English; Original contains color illustrations; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche The principal characteristics of the variability of Antarctic sea ice cover as previously described from satellite passive-microwave observations are also evident in a systematically-calibrated and analyzed data set for 20.2 years (1979-1998). The total Antarctic sea ice extent (concentration is greater than 15 %) increased by 13,440 +/- 4180 sq km/year (+1.18 +/0.37%/decade). The area of sea ice within the extent boundary increased by 16,960 +/- 3,840 sq km/year (+1.96 +/- 0.44%/decade). Regionally, the trends in extent are positive in the Weddell Sea (1.5 +/- 0.9%/decade), Pacific Ocean (2.4 +/- 1.4%/decade), and Ross (6.9 +/- 1.1 %/decade) sectors, slightly negative in the Indian Ocean (-1.5 +/- 1.8%/decade, and strongly negative in the Bellingshausen-Amundsen Seas sector (-9.5 +/- 1.5%/decade). For the entire ice pack, small ice increases occur in all seasons with the largest increase during autumn. On a regional basis, the trends differ season to season. During summer and fall, the trends are positive or near zero in all sectors except the Bellingshausen-Amundsen Seas sector. During winter and spring, the trends are negative or near zero in all sectors except the Ross Sea, which has positive trends in all seasons. Components of interannual variability with periods of about 3 to 5 years are regionally large, but tend to counterbalance each other in the total ice pack. The interannual variability of the annual mean sea-ice extent is only 1.6% overall, compared to 5% to 9% in each of five regional sectors. Analysis of the relation between regional sea ice extents and spatially-averaged surface temperatures over the ice pack gives an overall sensitivity between winter ice cover and temperature of -0.7% change in sea ice extent per K. For summer, some regional ice extents vary positively with temperature and others negatively. The observed increase in Antarctic sea ice cover is counter to the observed decreases in the Arctic. It is also qualitatively consistent with the counterintuitive prediction of a global atmospheric-ocean model of increasing sea ice around Antarctica with climate warming due to the stabilizing effects of increased snowfall on the Southern Ocean. Author Satellite Observation; Sea Ice; Antarctic Regions; Atmospheric Models; Seasons; Climate
20010103252 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USA Validation of a Stochastic Boussinesq Model for Wave Spectra Transformation in the Surf Zone Balolong, Marianie O.; Mar. 2001; 69p; In English; Original contains color plates Report No.(s): AD-A391716; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche This thesis presents a field validation of a stochastic, nonlinear wave shoaling model based on a third-order closure Boussinesq equations (Herbers and Burton, 1997). The model predicts the evolution of directionally spread waves propagating over an alongshore uniform beach. The model consists of a coupled set of evolution equations for the wave spectrum and bispectrum that incorporates linear shoaling and refraction effects and nonlinear energy exchanges in near-resonant triad interactions. Dissipation due to breaking is approximated using an empirical quasi-linear damping function and a relaxation to Gaussian statistics. The model was verified with field data from five alongshore instrument arrays deployed near Duck, North Carolina from August to December 1997 as part of the SandyDuck experiment. The predicted shoaling evolution of the frequency-directional wave spectra shows the expected development of harmonic peaks through triad interactions. The predicted harmonic spectral levels and direction are in good agreement with the observed spectra, but the predicted directional spread is biased low inside the surf zone. The significant wave height predictions are generally in good agreement with observations. The model tends to overshoal the waves outside the surf zone and slightly overdissipate wave energy inside the surf zone. Infragravity wave growth, sea surface skewness and asymmetry are predicted fairly accurately by the model. DTIC Ocean Models; Stochastic Processes; Wave Propagation; Ocean Surface; Surface Waves 119
20010105202 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA USA Apparent Minimum Free Energy Requirements for Methanogenic Archaea and Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria in an Anoxic Marine Sediment Hoehler, Tori M., NASA Ames Research Center, USA; Alperin, Marc J., North Carolina Univ., USA; Albert, Daniel B., North Carolina Univ., USA; Martens, Christopher S., North Carolina Univ., USA; Oct. 05, 2000; 30p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): RTOP 344-38-32-03; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Among the most fundamental constraints governing the distribution of microorganisms in the environment is the availability of chemical energy at biologically useful levels. to assess the minimum free energy yield that can support microbial metabolism in situ, we examined the thermodynamics of H2-consuming processes in anoxic sediments from Cape Lookout Bight, NC, USA. Depth distributions of H2 partial pressure, along with a suite of relevant concentration data, were determined in sediment cores collected in November (at 14.5 C) and August (at 27 C) and used to calculate free energy yields for methanogenesis and sulfate reduction. At both times of year, and for both processes, free energy yields gradually decreased (became less negative) with depth before reaching an apparent asymptote. Sulfate reducing bacteria exhibited an asymptote of -19.1 +/- 1.7 kj(mol SO4(2-)(sup -1) while methanogenic archaea were apparently supported by energy yields as small as -10.6 +/- 0.7 kj(mol CH4)(sup -1). Author Free Energy; Sediments; Microorganisms; Metabolism; Thermodynamics; Hydrogen; Chemical Energy
51 LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)

Includes general research topics related to plant and animal biology (non-human); ecology; microbiology; and also the origin, development, structure, and maintenance, of animals and plants in space and related environmental conditions. For specific topics in life sciences see categories 52 through 55.
20010099207 Northern California Inst. for Research and Education, San Francisco, CA USA The Roles of the Y Chromosome Genes in Prostate Cancer Annual Report, 15 Jan. 2000-14 Jan. 2001 Lau, Yun-Fai C.; Feb. 2001; 33p; In English; Original contains color plates Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-00-1-0039 Report No.(s): AD-A392275; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche At present, information regarding the contribution of the men-only chromosome, the Y chromosome, to prostate cancer is lacking. The goals of this project are designed to address this question and to identify candidate genes on the Y chromosome involved in prostate cancer. The objectives are: 1) to study the expression of Y chromosome genes in prostate cancer and 2) to evaluate their effects in over-expression in the prostate of transgenic mice. In year 1, we completed the expression survey of all 31 functional genes on this chromosome. Results from this study identified the TSPY gene to potentially play a significant role in prostate cancer development and/or progression. for the next two years of the project, we plan to focus on an expression-function evaluation of TSPY and other Y chromosome genes using transgenic mouse approach, proposed under Objective 2. These studies will provide important information regarding the role of this male-specific chromosome on prostatic oncogenesis and in development of new diagnostic procedures, and/or treatment for this disease. In addition, the generation of transgenic mouse models of prostate cancer will be invaluable in understanding the disease mechanisms, therapeutic strategies and prevention of prostate cancer. DTIC Cancer; Chromosomes; Genes; Prostate Gland 20010099209 Washington State Univ., Dept. of Chemistry, Pullman, WA USA An Investigation of the Stoichiometry of Na(+) Cotransport with Dopamine in Rat and Human Dopamine Transporters Expressed in Human Embryonic Kidney Cells Schumacher, Paul D., III; May 2001; 86p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A392279; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A05, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche The neuronal membrane transporter for dopamine (DAT) is a member of the Na(+) and Cl dependent family of transporters and concentrates dopamine intracellularly up to 10(exp 6) fold over extracellular levels. NY is hypothesized to provide the major driving force for this concentrative property. In order to validate the Na(+)-gradient hypothesis, it must be shown that NY accumulates in stoichiometric amounts along with the substrate. DTIC Embryos; Dopamine; Ions; Neurophysiology; Stoichiometry; Sodium 120
20010099211 Miami Univ., School of Medicine, FL USA A Novel Signaling Perturbation and Ribozyme Gene Therapy Procedure to Block Rho-Kinase (ROK) Activation and Breast Tumor Metastasis Annual Report, 1 Sep. 1999 - 31 Aug. 2000 Bourguignon, Lilly Y.; Sep. 2000; 26p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-99-1-9291 Report No.(s): AD-A393016; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Metastatic breast tumor Met-1 cells express CD44v3,8-10, a major adhesion receptor which binds extracellular matrix components at its extracellular domain and interacts with the cytoskeletal protein, ankyrin, at its cytoplasmic domain. In this study we have determined that CD44v3,8-10 and RhoA GTPases are physically associated in vivo, and that CD44v3,8-10-bound RhoA displays GTPase activity which can be inhibited by botulinum toxin C3-mediated ADP-ribosylation. in addition, we have identified a 160kDa Rho-Kinase (ROK) as one of the downstream targets for CD44v3,8-10-bound RhoA GTPase. Specifically, RhoA (complexed with CD44v3,8-10) stimulates ROK-mediated phosphorylation of certain cellular proteins including the cytoplasmic domain of CD44v3,8-10. Most importantly, phosphorylation of CD44v3,8-10 by ROK enhances its interaction with the cytoskeletal protein, ankyrin. We have also constructed two ROK cDNA constructs which encode for proteins consisting of 537 amino acids DESIGNATED AS THE CONSTITUTIVELY ACTIVE FORM OF ROK containing the catalytic domain (CAT, also the kinase domain), and 173 amino acids DESIGNATED AS THE DOMINANT-NEGATIVE FORM OF ROK containing the Rho-binding domain (RB). Microinjection of the ROKs CAT domain into Met-1 cells promotes CD44-ankyrin associated membrane ruffling and projections. DTIC Cells (Biology); Mammary Glands; Cancer; Ribonucleic Acids; Perturbation; Proteins 20010099420 Alabama Univ., Tuscaloosa, AL USA Investigating the Ethnic Disparity in Prostate Cancer Morbidity and Mortality in the Rural Deep South Annual Report, 1 Dec. 1999 - 30 Nov. 2000 Higginbotham, John C.; Dec. 2000; 10p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-00-1-0001 Report No.(s): AD-A391162; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche The goal of this endeavor was to increase the Pis knowledge, develop his skills and provide him with data whereby he would improve his ability to submit a competitive research proposal to further investigate/reduce the ethnic disparity in prostate cancer morbidity and mortality. to achieve this goal, he did: (1) attend the University of Michigans Graduate Summer Session and enrolled in Cancer Prevention; (2) analyze Mississippi and Alabama data on prostate cancer morbidity and mortality and thereby further developed his skill to carry out prostate cancer research; (3) prepared and submitted one presentation abstract for an international meeting (i.e., Congress of Epidemiology, 2001); and, (4) developed a proposal to further investigate the ethnic disparity in prostate cancer (i.e., Prostate Cancer Disparity in the Deep South: A GIS- Based Deprivation Model, submitted to the DOD, U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs Idea Development Awards) This work did add to the extant knowledge on the ethnic disparity in prostate cancer by delineating the problems that occurred in the deep south. As a result of this endeavor, the PI will continue to contribute to the investigation of ethnic disparity in prostate cancer morbidity and mortality for many years. DTIC Ethnic Factors; Cancer; Prostate Gland; Epidemiology 20010099421 Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge, MA USA Self-Assembling Ionic Oligopeptides Final Report, 1 Jul. 1988 - 30 Jun. 2001 Rich, Alexander; Zhang, Shuguang; Jun. 05, 2001; 9p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAG55-98-1-0399 Report No.(s): AD-A391182; ARO-37561.5-LS; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Understanding new materials at the molecular level has become increasingly critical for a new generation of nanomaterials for nanotechnology, namely, the design, synthesis and fabrication of nano-devices at the molecular scale. New technology through molecular self-assembly as a fabrication tool will become tremendously important in coming decades. Basic engineering principles for microfabrication can be learned by understanding molecular self-assembly phenomena. Self-assembly phenomenon is ubiquitous in nature. The key elements in molecular self-assembly are chemical complementarity and structural compatibility through non-covalent interactions. We have defined the path to understand these principles. Numerous self-assembling systems have been developed ranging from models to study protein folding and protein conformational diseases, to molecular electronics, surface engineering, and nanotechnology. Several distinctive types of self-assembling peptide systems 121
have been developed. Type I, molecular Lego forms a hydrogel scaffold for tissue engineering; Type II, the molecular switch as a molecular actuator; Type III, the molecular hook and molecular Velcro for surface engineering; Type IV, molecular capsule for protein and gene deliveries; and Type V, molecular cavity for biomineralization. These self-assembling peptide systems are simple, versatile and easy to produce, representing a significant advance in molecular engineering for diverse technological innovations. DTIC Peptides; Molecular Structure; Nanotechnology; Self Assembly; Fabrication; Molecular Electronics; Nanostructures (Devices); Microelectronics 20010099501 Burnham Inst., La Jolla, CA USA Tumor Suppressors and Breast Cancer: Molecular Interaction of Retinoblastoma Protein (Rb) with a New Rb-binding Protein (RIZ) Final Report, 1 May 1999-30 Apr 2001 Ely, Kathryn R.; May 2001; 13p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-99-1-9093 Report No.(s): AD-A392387; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Cancer arises from an accumulation of multiple mutations that may occur in oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes or DNA repair genes. Tumor suppressors control cell cycle and growth and mutations or alterations in these suppressors can be associated with the uncontrolled growth of malignant tumors. In this project, tumor suppressors were studied highlighting a new protein called RlZ. The goal is to use x-ray crystallography to study the molecules. The results will be important to understanding the role of the new regulator protein RlZ in tumorigenesis in breast cancer. This IDEA project focused on the first steps in the process, i.e. production, purification and crystallization of the proteins. Notable progress was made in identifying the PR domain in RlZ that is directly linked to tumor suppression. PR is underexpressed in breast cancer. Feasibility for structural studies of this new protein motif (PR) was established. DTIC Cancer; Mammary Glands; Proteins; Molecular Interactions; Cells (Biology); Molecules; Suppressors 20010099502 Temple Univ., School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA USA Role of Stat-3 in ER - Breast Tumors Annual Report, 27 Jul. 1999-26 Jul. 2000 Reddy, Premkumer; Aug. 2000; 11p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A392389; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche The hypothesis to be tested in this application is whether STAT family of transcription factors play a role in the development of ER- negative breast carcinomas. During the past year, we have examined the activation status of two STATs, STAT-3 and STAT-5, known to be associated with the proliferation of normal and cancerous breast cell lines. Our results indicate that in a vast majority of theER- negative breast tumor cell lines, STAT-3 exists in a constitutively activated state and is localized in the nucleus. Normal human cell ines do not exii%bit such aii activat%d stat% ur rucl%ar localization of STAT-3. Co-immunoprecipitation studies show that SRc kinases immnunoprecipitate along with STAT-3 suggesting a physical association between these two proteins. These results suggest that several of the ER-negative breast carcinomas express constitutively activated SRc kinases, which mediate the phosphorylation of STAT-3, which in turn could mediate their proliferative function and oncogenicity. The constitutively activated status of STAT-3, therefore serves as a good diagnostic marker for the detection of ER-negative breast carcinoma development. Since STAT-3 activation appears to play a critical role in the proliferative flinction of ER-negative breast carcinomas, SRc-STAT-3 pathway offers an excellent target for the development of cancer therapeutic agents. DTIC Cancer; Mammary Glands; Cells (Biology); Markers; Phosphorylation; Proteins 20010099503 Scripps Research Inst., La Jolla, CA USA The Role of ROS in Breast Cancer Metastasis Annual Report, 1 May 2000-30 Apr 2001 Knaus, Ulla G.; May 2001; 6p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-00-1-0426 Report No.(s): AD-A392390; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Numerous cancer cells generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are thought to promote cell proliferation, cell motility and invasion, prerequisites for tumor metastasis. Recently novel ROS-generating enzymes termed Nox have been identified in epithelial cells. Transfer of Nox into non-transforming epithelial cells increased ROS production and rendered these cells tumorigenic. Our project will identify Nox family members in cancer cells and evaluate if they are required for constitutive ROS generation and altered cell behavior. Breast cancer cell lines were screened by RT-PCR for the presence of identified nox genes 122
and did not contain known Nox family members, as expected due to their tissue specificity. The regulation of Nox-based enzyme systems might be under control of small GTPases and their effectors. We will test this hypothesis by introducing mutants of these regulatory molecules into breast cancer cells via adenoviral transfer and evaluate ROS generation. to test the involvement of Nox family members in cell migration and invasion, in vitro assays systems are used to test Nox-transfected cell lines and cancer cell lines, which are inhibited in their ability to generate ROS. The activity of deregulated Nox proteins leading to ROS generation may have wide ranging implications in tumorigenic events including metastasis. DTIC Assaying; Cancer; Cells (Biology); Genes; Mammary Glands; Nitrogen Oxides; Regeneration (Physiology); Epithelium; Oxygen
20010099504 Pennsylvania Univ., Medical Image Processing Group, Philadelphia, PA USA Nuclear Patch Clamping for Determining Ion Channel Activities of Bc1 Apoptosis Proteins in Endoplasmic Reticulum and Nuclear Envelope Intracellular Membrane Annual Report, 1 Jul. 1999-30 Jun. 2000 Foskett, James K.; Jul. 2000; 9p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-98-1-8229 Report No.(s): AD-A392391; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Apoptosis plays a critical role in growth and development of the mammary gland in normal and pathologic states. An important regulator of apoptosis is the bcl-2 oncogene, whose expression prevents apoptosis and is associated with poor responses to cancer therapies. Other bcl-2-related genes have been identified, defining a gene family with anti- and pro-apoptotic members. The molecular mechanisms which link bcl proteins to apoptosis are unclear. bcl-X(sub L) forms ion channels in artificial membranes. to determine whether these proteins form or regulate ion channels in the endoplasmic reticulum in vivo, we have employed a novel Xenopus oocyte nuclear envelope patch-clamp technique. During the second funding period, we have developed a novel mammalian expression system for patch clamp electrophysiology of recombinant endoplasmic reticulum localized membrane proteins. The system has been validated, and it will now be possible to use it for expression of bcl-reated proteins. We discovered that caspase 3, a key intermediate in apoptosis pathways, cleaves the inositol trisphosphate receptor calcium channel in the endoplasmic reticulum, and causes it to become spontaneously activated, leaking calcium into the cytoplasm. This observation may provide a molecular insight into disruption of calcium homeostasis observed in apoptosis. We will determine whether other capsases have similar effects. In addition, we will examine the cellular consequqnces of this effect, and whether its modulation affects the time-course or extent of apoptosis. DTIC Apoptosis; Cancer; Mammary Glands; Genes; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Pathology; Proteins; Cells (Biology)
20010099505 Baylor Coll. of Medicine, Houston, TX USA Development of General Methods for Identification of Genes Regulated by Oncogenic Stimuli or DNA Damage Annual Report, 13 Apr. 2000-12 Apr. 2001 Elledge, Stephen; May 2001; 19p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-98-1-8019 Report No.(s): AD-A392393; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche In order for cells to prevent mutations, they have an elaborate regulatory network that is capable of sensing and responding to chromosomal aberrations. When damage to chromosomes is detected, cells induce a set of genes that respond to the damage in order to repair the damage and to prevent the cell cycle from progressing. In addition, cells have set up another elaborate regulatory network to ensure that the key events of the cell cycle occur in the correct order with the correct timing. Both the DNA damage response and the cell cycle regulatory pathways are critical to prevent the types of events that generate cancers. Furthermore, both of these pathways operate by the precise regulation of transcription of genes involved in this process. Our proposal has centered around identification of DNA damage inducible genes and genes important in the cell cycle by either retroviral insertions or, more recently by microarray hybridization. We have now identified several hundred genes regulated by these events, either DNA damage or the cell cycle and have learned a great deal about the processes the cell employes to prevent the accumulation of cancer-causing mutations. DTIC Cancer; Deoxyribonucleic Acid; Genes; Mammary Glands 123
20010099506 Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor, MI USA Celluar and Molecular Roles of the Akt Protein Kinase in Breast Carcinomas Annual Report, 4 May 2000-3 May 2001 Vojtek, Anne B.; Jun. 2001; 53p; In English; Original contains color plates Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-98-1-8319 Report No.(s): AD-A392394; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Akt is a serine/threonine kinase that has been implicated in the iitiation and/or progression of breast cancers. In order to gain an understanding of how Akt promotes malignant transformation, we identified proteins that are regulated by phosphorylation by Akt, including the B-Rafserine/threonine kinase and the Elk-1 transcription factor. Akt negatively regulates the enzymatic activity of B-Raf in vitro and in vivo by phosphorylating two residues in the amino-terminal regulatory domain of B-Raf. Akt also negatively regulates the activity and stability of the Elk-1 transcription factor. Thus, Akt may promote transformation and cell survival in part by altering gene expression through regulation of transcription factors by phosphorylation and in part by regulating the Ras/Raf pathway by phosphorylating and downregulating the activity of the B-Rafkinase. DTIC Cancer; Gene Expression; Mammary Glands; Proteins 20010099507 JAYCOR, San Diego, CA USA Modeling for Military Operational Medicine Scientific and Technical Objectives Subtitle - Model of Immediate Incapacitation Stuhmiller, James H.; Stuhmiller, Louise M.; May 2001; 99p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-00-C-0031 Report No.(s): AD-A392395; JTR-J3150-12-01-139; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A05, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche The U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command (MRMC) has responsibility to conduct research that will support the assessment of immediate incapacitation and injury caused by acute exposure to toxic gases, particles, and aerosols. The assessment must account for physical activity, environmental conditions, and complex mixtures of gases. The Military Operational Medicine Research Program (MOMRP) is conducting a research program to develop a mathematical model of the physiological response to acute toxic gas exposure that will provide a standard means to estimate these effects. That program is called Scientific and Technical Objective Y: Inhalation Injury and Toxicology Models. The model will be developed in incremental steps. The first version of the model will provide a means of estimating immediate incapacitation in man, employing empirical relations for key physiological processes. Successive improvements to the model will add more complete physiological models of breathing, blood, chemistry, airway transport and deposition, metabolism and so forth as required to capture the necessary mechanisms. The technical approach to achieve this objective is to: (1) assess the literature for mechanisms, models, and data pertinent to the particular phase of model development; (2) implement mathematical models incorporating those mechanisms and validate by those data; and (3) conduct animal studies to provide missing physiological parameters or needed confirmation results. This approach will be repeated for each increment of the model development. This report presents a mathematical model, TGAS 1.0, for estimating the probability of immediate incapacitation based on a physiologically guided extrapolation of small animal data. This model is based on previous work sponsored by the Live Fire Test Program and MOMRP. DTIC Mathematical Models; Medical Services; Military Operations; Physiological Effects; Toxicity; Respiration; Poisons 20010099509 Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY USA Interferon Gamma and PSA-restricted Expression of FAS Ligand: A Novel Gene Therapy Strategy for Prostate Cancer Annual Report, 1 Mar. 2000-28 Feb. 2001 Hall, Simon J.; Mar. 2001; 14p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-00-1-0089 Report No.(s): AD-A392423; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Introduction: Fas is a transmembrane receptor which mediates apoptosis when transactivated by FasL. Earlier studies illustrated the ability of IFN-gamma to increase Fas expression on RM-l mouse prostate cancer cells. To kill the remaining Fas positive cells, the potential of combining adenovirus-mediated expression of FasL (Ad.FasL) with IFN-gamma in vifro and Ad.lL-12 to stimulate host production of lFN-gamma in vivo was addressed. Results: Alone Ad.FasL resulted in killing equal to the degree of transduction. The addition of IFN-gamma enhanced killing to maintain maximal cell kill with only 6% of cells expressing FasL. In vivo with a constant Ad.IL-12 dose and increasing doses of Ad.FasL, tumors were 25% smaller at lower doses tumors, increasing to 66% smaller at 1x10(9) pfu,. In a dose controlled experiment with equal doses of each vector (1x10(9) pfu), individually Ad.FasL and Ad.IL-12 resulted in 27+1-10% and 54+1-4% smaller tumors with combination therapy resulting tumors which were 72+1-6% smaller than controls. However, the combination of Ad.FasL and Ad.mIL- 12 resulted in a worse 124
survival than for Ad.IL-12 alone. However, the injection of Ad.mIL-12 into the nonnal contralateral prostate combined with the injection of the tumor by Ad.FasL resulted in superior survival. Conclusions: These studies validate the concept of exploiting Fas upregulation for fasL transactivation. The ability to eradicate tumors is currently being addressed by sequenriual injection of Ad.FasL. DTIC Cancer; Cells (Biology); Prostate Gland; Therapy; Genes 20010099510 Johns Hopkins Univ., School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA Molecular Changes in pp32 in Prostate Cancer Annual Report, 1 Mar. 1999-31 Aug. 2000 Pasternack, Gary R.; Sep. 2000; 7p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-99-1-9030 Report No.(s): AD-A392425; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Our previous work demonstrated that prostate cancers differ from benign prostatic epithelium in their expression of oncogenic members of the pp32 gene family. Whereas benign prostatic epithelium solely expresses pp32, a tumor suppressor, prostate cancers express pp32rl and pp32r2, which are oncogenic. The purpose of the study is to confirm and extend these preliminary results, to develop practical means to assay pp32 gene family members in clinical samples, and to determine the clinical significance of their presence. The approved proposal encompassed four broad tasks: 1 characterization of the pp32 expression phenotype of a larger sample of 40 prostatic adenocarcinomas; 2 development of a practical molecular pathology assay for altered pp32 transcripts; 3 adaptation of the assay to paraffin-embedded tissue; and 4 preliminary determination of the clinical utility of pp32rl and pp32r2 expression in prostatic adenocarcinoma. In the course of pursuing this work, we recognized that improved assay methods would yield better results for Task 1. We have completed development of a robust and practical molecular assay (Task 2) and have nearly completed Task 3, adaptation to paraffin. In the remaining funding period, these tools shall be applied to completion of Task 1 and Task 4. DTIC Assaying; Cancer; Prostate Gland; Molecules; Diagnosis 20010099511 Brigham and Womens Hospital, Boston, MA USA Regulation of FAK Signaling in Mammary Epithelial Cells by Cb1 Protooncogene Product Annual Report, 31 Dec. 1999-31 Dec. 2000 Douillard, Patrice; Band, Hamid; Jan. 2001; 48p; In English; Original contains color plates Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-99-1-9085 Report No.(s): AD-A392426; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Proliferation and differentiation of normal breast epithelial cells are regulated by activation of the cellular tyrosine kinase machinery upon coordinated cellular stimulation through growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases and extra-cellular matrix receptor-induced activation of focal adhesion kinase FAK. This proposal is designed to investigate a novel hypothesis that Cbl provides, which has become established as a negative regulator of growth factor receptors, attenuates FAK-dependent growth signals in mammary epithelial cells. For this purpose, the Cbl interaction sites on FAK will be determined and the impact of mutations in these sites on the ability of FAK to mediate growth signals will be investigated. Given the recent findings that Cbl functions as ubiquitin ligase towards tyrosine kinases, we are examining the possibility that Cbl regulates FAK signaling by targeting it for degradation. The work reported here describes FAK mutants that appear to be unable to interact with Cbl tyrosine kinase-binding domain. Together with the generation of mutant forms of Cbl that are unable to mediate ubiquitination, these studies will directly establish if FAK is a target of Cbl. The present studies, thus, aim to define novel strategies to down-regulate proliferation signals in breast cancer cells. DTIC Mammary Glands; Epithelium; Cells (Biology); Cancer 20010099512 California Univ., Los Angeles, CA USA Prostate Specific Gene Therapy Using a Gutless Adene-Vector Expressing Antisense TGF-B and PSA Promoter-Controlled TNF-A Gene Annual Report, 1 Sep. 1999-28 Feb. 2001 Belldegrum, Arie; Apr. 2001; 37p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-98-1-8564 Report No.(s): AD-A392427; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche The goal of this research has been to develop an immune-based gene therapy that combines targeted cytotoxicity with reversal of local tumor immune suppression to eradicate prostate cancer cells. Reversal of local tumor immune suppression was achieved 125
in vitro by blocking the over expression of TGF-beta2 produced by prostate cancer cells using TGF-beta2 phosphorothioate oligonucleotide antisense. We have been developing a gutless adenovector with extended transgene expression that we think will have enhanced safety for preclinical and clinical use. Our gutless adenovector DNA backbone contains the cytotoxic gene under the control of an improved prostate specific promoter and a marker OFP gene for detection in vivo studies. Our improved PSA promoter/enhancer presents 19-fold higher transcriptional activity compared to native PSA promoter/enhancer and has no loss of tissue specificity. Using Apo2L/TRAIL, a TNF-alpha related cytokine with less systemic toxicity, we have demonstrated selective cytotoxicity in our highly aggressive androgen-independent prostate cancer cell line (CL1). Further in vivo studies are being conducted to evaluate the overall efficacy and safety of Apo2L/TRAlL gene therapy in combination with TGF-beta2 antisense for prostate cancer treatment. DTIC Cancer; Prostate Gland; Genes; Therapy 20010099513 Georgetown Univ., Washington, DC USA ERBB-Receptors and Drug Response in Breast Cancer Final Report, 15 Aug. 1996 - 14 Aug. 2000 Harris, Lyndsay N.; Sep. 2000; 40p; In English; Original contains color plates Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-96-1-6133 Report No.(s): AD-A392429; No Copyright; Avail: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) The members of the type 1 growth factor receptor family (ErbB1-4) appear to have a role in predicting benefit from chemotherapy, particularly ErbB2. During the time of this award we have shown that ErbB2 signaling has an effect on cell cycle distribution of the topo IIa enzyme and its phosphorylation state, leading to increased sensitivity to doxorubicin but resistance to the alkylator cyclophosphamide. We have generated data which suggests that topo Ila is phosphorylated on tyrosine residues as opposed to serine/threonine as previously described. This effect is seen in response to ErbB2-mediated signaling, but not ErbB3 and we believe that this phosphorylation event may be important to determining sensitivity to doxorubicin. In addition, our experiments indicate an increased ability of ErbB2-transfected breast cancer cells to repair double-stranded breaks induced by gamma-irradiation. This supports our hypothesis that ErbB2 increases the cells ability to repair DNA in breast cancer cells which may be the explanation for resistance to alkylating agents seen in both ErbB2 breast cancer cell lines and human tumors. We hope that this work will allow us to tailor breast cancer treatment to the individual patient by understanding the mechanisms behind drug sensitivity and resistance in ErbB2 positive breast cancer. DTIC Cancer; Chemotherapy; Drugs; Receptors (Physiology); Mammary Glands 20010099574 Department of Defense, Washington, DC USA Medical Community Shafhid, Igor; Jul. 09, 2001; 15p; In English; Proceedings from Worldwide Chemical Conference, 9-13 July 2001 Sponsored by NDIA, The original document contains color images. Contains viewgraphs only. Report No.(s): AD-A393716; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche These viewgraphs show the proceedings of the Worldwide Chemical Conference, held 9-13 July 2001, sponsored by NDIA (National Defense Industrial Association). They discuss primarily issues and concerns within the medical community. DTIC Conferences; Medical Services; Chemical Warfare; Diseases 20010099594 McKesson BioServices, Rockville, MD USA Services to Operate and Maintain the Microwave Research Facility at Brooks Air Force Base, San Antonio, Texas Final Report, 21 May 1994 - 20 May 2001 Akyel, Yahya; May 2001; 424p; In English; Original contains color plates Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-94-C-4069 Report No.(s): AD-A392971; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A18, Hardcopy; A04, Microfiche Due to growing concerns for the health and safety of military personnel and civilians exposed to radio frequency radiation, a series of research investigating behavioral, neural, biological, cardiovascular and retinal effects of high peak power pulsed microwaves (Mw), ultra-wide-band (UWB) and mm waves were accomplished. DTIC Research Facilities; Electromagnetic Fields; Microwaves; Exposure; Biological Effects; Health 126
20010099596 Indiana Univ., Indianapolis, IN USA DNA Base Excision Repair (BER) and Cancer Gene Therapy: Use of the Human N-methylpurine DNA Glycosylase (MPG) to Sensitize Breast Cancer Cells to Low Dose Annual Report Limp-Foster, Melissa; Kelly, Mark R.; Jun. 2001; 23p; In English; Original contains color plates Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-00-1-0296 Report No.(s): AD-A393013; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche To ensure that a cells genome is not compromised, elaborate mechanisms of DNA repair are essential for both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. The DNA Base Excision Repair (BER) pathway is responsible for the repair of alkylation and oxidative DNA damage. The short patch BER pathway begins with the simple glycosylase N(3)-methylpurine DNA glycosylase (MPG) which is responsible for the removal of damaged bases such as N(3) -methyladenine, hypoxanthine, and 1 ,N(3)(6)-ethenoadenine from the DNA. The resulting AP site is further processed by the other members in the BER pathway resulting in the insertion of the correct nucleotide. MPG, the enzyme that initiates the repair, has been over expressed in the breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB231. A construct containing mitochondrial-targeted MPG (mito-MPG) was also made, and MPG over expression was directed to the mitochondria. Over expression of nuclear- and mitochondrial-targeted MPG dramatically sensitized MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells to methylmethane sulfonate (MMS). After MMS treatment, the number of apoptotic cells was significantly higher in the cells that over expressed nuclear- and mitochondrial-MPG compared to the vector control cells. Furthermore, the cells that over expressed mito-MPG had a significant number of apoptotic cells without drug treatment. The subsequent hypothesis was that the over expression of MPG caused more bases, undamaged and damaged, to be removed. High levels of MPG generated more AP sites, especially after MMS treatment, affecting the balance of the BER pathway. DTIC Cancer; Deoxyribonucleic Acid; Cells (Biology); Genes; Chemotherapy; Apoptosis 20010099689 Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA USA Function of the Alpha6 in Breast Carcinoma Annual Report, 20 Sep. 1999 - 19 Sep. 2000 Mercurio, Arthur M.; Oct. 2000; 48p; In English; Original contains color plates Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-96-1-6199 Report No.(s): AD-A391918; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Breast carcinoma invasion is a complex process that involves directed migration and localized proteolysis, as well as the ability of breast tumor cells to survive. The research accomplished during Year 4 of this grant has yielded considerable insight into the mechanisms that underlie the survival and migration of breast carcinoma cells. A key component of these mechanisms is the integrin alpha 6 beta 4. Expression of this integrin has been linked to the progression of breast cancer and correlated with poor prognosis. At a mechanistic level, our work has established that this integrin regulates critical signaling pathways involved in both survival and migration that substantiate its involvement in breast cancer progression. These pathways are the PI3-K/Akt pathway, as well pathways involving the Rho GTPases. Importantly, our work has shown that alpha 6 beta 4 can function in concert with growth factor receptors implicated in breast cancer progression such as erBb2. As stated in previous progress reports, elucidation of such pathways provides specific targets for therapeutic intervention. DTIC Cancer; Mammary Glands; Cells (Biology); Prognosis 20010099694 Tufts Univ., Boston, MA USA The Role of EMMPRIN in Tumor Progression Annual Report, 1 May 2000-30 Apr 2001 Toole, Bryan P.; May 2001; 36p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-99-1-9413 Report No.(s): AD-A392299; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Crucial steps in tumor progression and the process of metastasis, e.g., tumor growth, invasion through extracellular matrices and angiogenesis, involve proteolytic modification of the pericellular matrix surrounding tumor cells. A major class of proteases involved in these processes is the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and inhibition of MMPs prevent progression and metastasis of several tumor types, including human breast carcinomas, in animal models. In vivo, tumor MMPs are usually produced by stromal cells associated with tumors rather than the tumor cells themselves. The tumor cell surface glycoprotein, EMMPRIN, stimulates MMP production by fibroblasts and endothelial cells, and may be an important regulator of MMP production during tumorigenesis in vivo. However no direct evidence for an important role in tumor progression has been published. The focus of this proposal will be to demonstrate directly whether or not EMMPRIN promotes breast cancer progression, whether a role for EMMPRIN in tumor progression may be to promote or induce angiogenesis, and whether inhibitory peptides can be developed that may have future therapeutic potential. This study should determine definitively whether EMMPRIN-mediated regulation of 127
MMPs may constitute a newly discovered step in breast carcinoma progression and metastasis. Interference with EMMPRIN action may then be an effective way to retard breast carcinoma progression in patients. DTIC Cancer; Cells (Biology); Mammary Glands; Tumors; Enzymes 20010099695 Sloan-Kettering Inst. for Cancer Research, New York, NY USA A Solid Support Synthesis and Novel Conjugation Methods of Breast Tumor Associated Antigen: Toward the Development of Cancer Vaccines Final Report, 1 Jul. 1997-30 Jun. 2000 Wang, Zhi-Guang; Danishefsky, Samuel J.; Jul. 2000; 36p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-97-1-7119 Report No.(s): AD-A392300; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche N-linked glycopeptides and glycoproteins are important biomolecules. They been revealed to involve a various biological affairs. For the first time, we have achieved the total synthesis of a high mannose N-linked glycopeptide carrying full H-type II human blood group. In this study, we have developed: (a) an efficient method for constructing core high mannose structure which is essential for all N-linked glycoproteins; (b) a chemically selective and stereoselective method for N-glycosylation of peptide, which will be widely used for making N-glycopeptide for biological study; (c) an efficient synthetic method to prepare the suitably protected lactosamine spacer; (d) an efficient method to construct H-type trisaccharide unit. DTIC Cancer; Mammary Glands; Vaccines; Synthesis (Chemistry) 20010099875 Department of the Navy, Washington, DC USA Automated Epifluorescence Microscopy for Detection of Bacterial Contamination in Platelets Seaver, Mark, Inventor; Jul. 30, 2001; 16p; In English Patent Info.: Filed 30 Jul. 2001; US-Patent-Appl-SN-09,916,272 Report No.(s): AD-D019950; No Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity (Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)), Microfiche A method for determining the presence of bacteria in a platelet or red blood cell containing sample is disclosed. The method of the present invention includes the steps of: lysing a substantial portion of the platelets or red blood cells; staining the bacteria using a membrane permeable nucleic acid stain; filtering the sample using a membrane filter with a suitable pore size so that a material containing the stained bacteria is retained on the membrane filter; and analyzing the material retained on the membrane filter using epifluorescence microscopy and/or digital image acquisition and analysis to determine the presence of bacteria in the sample. The method of the present invention allows the detection of bacterial contamination in platelets or red blood cells at clinically significant levels in a relatively short period of time. DTIC Bacteria; Contamination; Erythrocytes; Platelets; Image Analysis 20010100124 Washington Univ., Saint Louis, MO USA Patient Preferences for Outcomes Associated with Surgical Management of Prostate Cancer Final Report, 1 Oct. 1998-31 Mar. 2001 Apr. 2001; 38p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-98-1-8498 Report No.(s): AD-A392323; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche We evaluated preferences for current urinary and sexual function following radical prostatectomy in men with clinically localized prostate cancer. We used utility assessment to quantify patient preferences. We measured preferences in 209 community volunteers enrolled in a prostate cancer screening study who had radical prostatectomies between 1994 and 1998. We compared preferences for three outcome groups: (1) men who were bothered by both their current urinary and sexual functioning, (2) men who were only bothered by their current sexual functioning, and (3) men who were not bothered by either. Preferences were assessed via computer-based interview using time trade-off and standard gamble methods. Functioning was assessed via standardized questionnaire. Differences in utilities were found by outcome group, with median utilities high across groups (0.9 for TTO and Standard Gamble), indicating that men were not willing to give up much remaining life years (1 year or 10% risk of death) with current functioning to achieve ideal functioning. Health related quality of life is generally good in patients treated for prostate cancer with radical prostatectomy; and those who have urinary and/or sexual dysfunction would not be willing to trade much of their remaining life span to have perfect functioning. DTIC Patients; Urology; Surgery; Cancer; Prostate Gland 128
20010100125 Toronto Univ., Ontario Canada Identification of IGF-II-Binding Site on the Quaternary 3-D Structure of the Insulin Receptor Annual Report, 1 May 2000-1 May 2001 Yip, Cecil C.; Jun. 2001; 16p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-00-1-D479 Report No.(s): AD-A392396; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Gold-labeled IGE-lI has been prepared in micro-scale by reacting IGE-lI with sulfo-NHS- Nanogold, and purified by size-exclusion HPLC. Two gold-labeled TOE-II products, differing in electrophoretic mobility under acidic condition, were obtained. Soth products were derivatized with the Nanogold at their N-terminal alanine. Insulin receptor proteins, IR-A and IR-B have been extracted and purified from transfectant cells. As expected from previous studies in the transfectant cells, IR-A in contrast to IR-B was activated by IcE-II comparable to that by insulin. The two gold-labeled TOE-lI derivatives when tested in a preliminary study for their activity on IR-A were found to have a good level of activity in stimulating the autophosphorylation of IR-A. In summary, methods have been established to prepare and purify the reagents, namely the gold-labeled TOE-IT and the insulin receptor proteins, that are needed to form the ligand-receptor complex for the identification of the IGE-IT-binding site of the insulin receptor by STEM reconstruction of the 3-D guaternary structure of the complex. DTIC Cancer; Insulin; Chemoreceptors
20010100126 Wayne State Univ., Detroit, MI USA Recombinant Breast Cancer Vaccine Annual Report, 1 Sep. 1999-1 Sep. 2000 Pilon, Shari; Wei, Wei-Zen; Oct. 2000; 34p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-98-1-8265 Report No.(s): AD-A392397; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Anti-tumor immunity induced by full-length human ERBB-2 DNA constructs was ranked as wild-type ERBB-2 (E2) is greater than tyrosine kinase deficient ERBB-2 (E2A) is greater than cytoplasmic E2 (cytE2) is greater than cytE2A. Cytoplasmic E2 and its tyrosine kinase deficient counterpart cytE2A, both encode a protein targeted to and rapidly degraded in the cytosol by the proteasomes. Anti-ErbB-2 antibody was induced by immunization with transmembrane but not cytoplasmic, ERBB-2 DNA. Although an excellent vaccine against D2F2/E2, vaccination with E2 DNA was only moderately effective against D2F2/cytE2 tumor. Protection against both D2F2/E2 and D2F2/cytE2 was achieved by co-vaccination with cytE2 or cytE2A and GM-CSF or IL-2 DNA, indicating effective immunogenic peptide presentation from cytoplasmic ErbB-2 and a need for costimulation. ErbB-2 specific CTL were detected in mice immunized with cytE2A and GM-CSF after tumor rejection. Co-vaccination with E2A and cytE2A induced synergistic anti-tumor activity, supporting enhanced peptide presentation from cytoplasmic ErbB-2. Transmembrane ErbB-2 DNA vaccination elicited both humoral and cellular immune responses and protected mice from D2F2/E2. Cytoplasmic ERBB-2 and cytokine DNA vaccination induced anti-tumor cellular, but not humoral responses. This study demonstrates the feasibility of eliciting individual effector mechanisms by vaccination with targeted DNA constructs and protection against ErbB-2 expressing tumors without antibody activity. DTIC Cancer; Mammary Glands; Immunology; Vaccines; Cells (Biology); Deoxyribonucleic Acid
20010100127 New Mexico State Univ., Las Cruces, NM USA Miniaturized DNA Biosensor for Decentralized Breast-Cancer Screening Annual Report, 1 Jun 2000-31 May 2001 Wang, Joseph; Jun. 2001; 29p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-00-1-0366 Report No.(s): AD-A392398; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche The use of DNA testing as an important component of breast cancer diagnosis has been increasing rapidly during the l99Os. The goal of this research Is to develop, optimize, and test a miniaturized sensing system for the rapid and relIable genetic screening detection of breast-cancer. In accordance to our original goal our studies have focused on various fundamental and practical aspects of electrical detection of DNA segments specific to the breast-cancer gene BRCAl. We have made a substantial progress and introduced new electrical strategies and routes for improving the reliability of devices for genetic screening of breast-cancer. In particular, we have successfully combined the unique amplification features of new metal nanoparticles or enzyme tags, with an effective magnetic separation (isolation) of the duplex, and a powerful electrical detection for achieving the task of selective 129
and sensitive breast-cancer screening. Additional developmental work, particularly further improvements in the sensitivity and sample preparation, is in progress towards the realization of wide-scale decentralized screening for breast cancer. DTIC Cancer; Diagnosis; Mammary Glands; Miniaturization; Bioinstrumentation 20010100128 Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD USA Automatic Exposure Control Devices for Digital Mammography Annual Report, 1 Aug. 1999-31 Jul. 2000 Fajardo, Laurie L.; Aug. 2000; 39p; In English; Original contains color plates Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-99-1-9429 Report No.(s): AD-A392400; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche The broad, long-term objective of this IDEA proposal is to achieve optimized image quality for DM within acceptable limits of radiation exposure by developing innovative approaches for controlling DM exposures. This projects specific aims are (1) to use short, low dose pre-exposures of the breast to create intelligent regions of interest that determine the exposure parameters for the fully exposed image; and (2) to select exposure parameters (mAs, kVp, and beam filtration) based on intelligent decisions that optimize signal-to-noise (SNR) as a function of mean glandular dose. Major Findings & Results: Complete analysis of beam optimization for digital mammography and mean glandular dose measurements have been completed. Software has been developed for analysis of digitally acquired mammograms allowing the area greatest radiographic attenuation (the ECROl) to be selected and the pixel variance in the ECROl to be analyzed. We are currently completing running our analysis tools using digital mammograms obtained from breasts with a variety of compositions and sizes. We will evaluate the effect of radiographic heterogeneity on the selection of the ECROl, as well as possible spurious results from microcalcification clusters or cysts. Significance: We have implemented an early version of automatic exposure control device that will be refined over the remaining 6 months of funding. Results from a pilot evaluation demonstrate that the AEC produces digital images of higher quality than current conventional mammography at similar or reduced mean glandular radiation doses. DTIC Mammary Glands; Exposure; Radiation Dosage; Digital Systems; Cancer; Radiation Therapy; Control 20010100134 New York Univ., New York, NY USA An Investigation of the Facilitative and Inhibitory Variables Impacting Breast Health Practices in Low-Socioeconomic Status Black Women of African-American and Caribbean Descent Annual Report, 15 Sep. 1999-14 Sep. 2000 LaSorsa, Kathryn C.; Jordan, Theresa; Oct. 2000; 53p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-99-1-9317 Report No.(s): AD-A391282; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Black women of low-socioeconomic status (SES) demonstrate a high incidence of breast cancer mortality associated with late stage diagnosis. Breast cancer screening, including mammography, breast self-examination, and clinical breast examination, remains the most effective route to early cancer detection. Studies indicate poor adherence to breast cancer screening regimens among low-income minority women. An overall objective of the study is the construction of models that can explain screening practices in low-SES black women. This will be accomplished in two separate waves. In the first wave, facilitators and barriers to breast cancer screening participation among low-SES women of African-American and Caribbean descent will be determined through qualitative interview. This approach intends to provide a voice for the concerns and experiences guiding these women in their screening choices. The current study incorporates an approach-avoidance theoretical framework that considers preventive screening behaviors to be both desirable and aversive. Based on the factors provided by the respondents in the first wave of the study, culturally-sensitive Q-Sort instrumentation will be designed that will allow participants to rank order these factors as facilitators or barriers and therefore, provide a powerful approach to testing the theoretical paradigm. Finally, innovative modeling techniques will be applied to determine the strength of models to explain breast health care practices among low-SES Black women, either as idiopathic to the general population of low-SES Black women or specific to African-American or Caribbean cultural groups. DTIC Cancer; Mammary Glands; Ethnic Factors; Diagnosis; Examination 20010100136 Baylor Coll. of Medicine, Houston, TX USA The Role of a B-Catenin in Mammary Gland Development and Breast Cancer Annual Report Tepera, Stacey B.; Rosen, Jeffrey; Mar. 2001; 6p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-00-1-0133 Report No.(s): AD-A391314; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche 130
Many of the molecular events that control normal development of the mammary gland are the same events that, when misregulated, result in cancer. Therefore, the understanding of normal developmental processes in the mammary gland is a crucial first step to rational design of therapeutics which target these systems in breast cancer. The Wnt family of genes, which were first identified for their role in mouse mammary tumorigenesis, initiate a signaling cascade that manifests in the stabilization of beta-catenin protein. The proposed experiments are based on the hypothesis that misregulation of this pathway results in an accumulation of stabilized (beta-catenin, and genes involved in growth, cell death, and cell invasion are upregulated inappropriately, resulting in tumorigenesis. The proposed experiments use two methods to study beta-catenins direct role in mammary gland development and tumorigenesis. Reconstitution experiments using retrovirally-transduced, stabilized (beta-catenin and transgenic mice expressing a dominant negative mutant beta-catenin (beta-catDN) specifically in the mammary gland provide opposite approaches for study. These two systems will be analyzed for changes in morphology, downstream gene expression, and flinctional differentiation, comparing gain- and loss-of-function of beta-catenin. Many factors implicated in mammary oncogenesis regulate beta-catenin, and beta-catenin is clearly involved in tumorigenesis in other organ systems, suggesting a role for beta-catenin in mammary oncogenesis. The proposed experiments will characterize beta-catenins direct role in mammarv gland development and tumorigenesis. DTIC Cancer; Mammary Glands; Cells (Biology); Genes
20010100244 Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH USA PTPu Regulates Cell Adhesion and Signaling in Human Prostate Cancer Cells Final Report, 1 Jun. 1998-30 Nov. 2000 Kalnay, Susann-Brady; Dec. 2000; 178p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-98-1-8586 Report No.(s): AD-A392053; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A09, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche The purpose of this research is to understand how cell adhesion-induced signals are transduced to negatively regulate cell growth and how this process is altered in prostate cancer. Extracellular events that regulate cell growth are transmitted by changes in tyrosine phosphorylation, which is controlled by protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) and protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). Cancer causing genes encode PTKs that cause uncontrolled cell growth suggesting that PTPs play a role in negative growth regulation or function as tumor suppressors. Both cell adhesion molecules and tyrosine phosphorylation regulate contact inhibition of growth, i.e. when normal cells stop growing because they contact adjacent cells. Prostate cancer cells have defects in both cell adhesion and contact inhibition of growth. The receptor PTP, PTP mu, directly interacts with E-cadherin, the major cell-cell adhesion molecule in prostate cells. Loss of components of the cadherin pathway has previously been observed in prostate cancer cells. We recently demonstrated that PTPmu is no longer expressed in prostate cancer cells. Re-expression of PTPmu restores adhesion and negatively regulates cell growth. A detailed analysis of how PTPmu alters adhesion, cell growth and signal transduction is described and provides insights into both normal cell growth as well as malignant transformation in prostate cancer. DTIC Cells (Biology); Prostate Gland; Suppressors; Genes; Cell Division; Genetics
20010100245 Pennsylvania Univ., Wistar Inst., Philadelphia, PA USA Structural Basis of CDK4 Inhibition by p18ink4c Annual Report, 1 May 1998-30 Apr 2001 Venkataramani, Ravichandran N.; Marmorstein, Ronen; May 2001; 61p; In English; Original contains color plates Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-98-1-8270 Report No.(s): AD-A392269; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Our research primarily revolves around the study of 1NK4 proteins. INN4 proteins are key regulators of cell cycle progression acting at the Gl-S phase transition. INK4 proteins act upstream of pRb tumor suppressor and thereby, control the expression of S-phase specific genes. We have determined the structure of p18INK4c to 1.95 A. We present the structure here and its implications for ankyrin repeat proteins and INN4 protein function. Based on the insight gained from our structure of p18INK4c, we have designed several mutants to study the impact of the mutation of specific residues on the efficacy of the INK4 proteins. We have determined that at least three mutants - F71N, F82Q, F92N have significantly higher thermostability than the wild-type protein. We present the 3D structures of these proteins as well as their efficacy in vivo in this report. DTIC Mutations; Cancer; Mammary Glands; Proteins; Regulators 131
20010100246 Johns Hopkins Univ., School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA Fatty Acid Synthesis and Prostate Cancer: Hormonal Regulation and Anti-Metabolite Targeting of an Acquired Function in Neoplasia Annual Report, 1 Oct. 1999-30 Sep. 2000 Pizar, Ellen S.; Oct. 2000; 33p; In English; Original contains color plates Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-99-1-9580 Report No.(s): AD-A392296; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Fatty acid synthase (FAS) performs the anabolic conversion of dietary carbohydrate or protein to fat. FAS expression is low in most normal tissues, but is elevated in many human cancers, including androgen sensitive and androgen independent prostate cancer. This project seeks to characterize androgen mediated and androgen independent mechanisms for fatty acid synthesis pathway activation during prostate cancer progression, using cell culture and animal models of prostate cancer, and analyzing human tumor tissue in parallel. It further seeks to evaluate the potential therapeutic utility of FAS inhibitors for prostate cancer in preclinical models. Progress in the first year includes development and validation of cell culture and xenograft model systems for FAS expression and activity, and evaluation of FAS inhibitor efficacy in vitro and in three tumor xenograft models. Metabolic labeling studies of human prostate carcinoma tissues have confirmed functional activation of the fatty acid synthetic pathway in clinical disease. The data suggest that FA synthesis provides an important functional aspect of the malignant phenotype in prostate cancer, perhaps supporting cell growth or survival. FAS expression is upregulated by alternate signaling pathways important for prostate cancer growth under androgen withdrawal, suggesting that FAS may serve as a novel target for anti-metabolite therapy in prostate cancer. DTIC Fatty Acids; Prostate Gland; Cancer; Synthesis (Chemistry); Clinical Medicine; Growth; Culture Techniques; Inhibitors; Metabolism 20010100247 Georgetown Univ., Washington, DC USA Gene Therapy for Prostate Cancer Radiosensitization Using Mutant Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Annual Report, 1 Jan.-31 Dec. 2000 Soldatenkov, Viatcheslav A., Georgetown Univ., USA; January 2001; 20p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-00-1-0019 Report No.(s): AD-A392306; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche The central objective of this proposal is to express the DNA-binding domain of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) under control of prostate tissue-specific promoter in prostate cancer cells and sensitize them to radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Here we describe the strategy for cloning the 5-regulatory elements (1.3 kb enhancer and 0.6 kb promoter) of the human gene for prostate specific antigen (PSA). Further, we developed the recombinant plasmids that contain cDNA encoding for DNA-binding domain of PARP (PARP-DBD) downstream of the human cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter, pCMV-DBD/F, or PSA promoter/enhancer, pPSA(EP)-DBD/F. These plasmids allow expression of the PARP-DBD protein in prostate carcinoma cells both, in constitutive and in androgen-inducible fashion. The pCMV-DBD/F construct was assayed for its ability to direct synthesis of appropriately sized FLAG-fusion protein in LNCaP prostate carcinoma cells. The availability of tissue-specific expression vectors expressing pro-apoptotic protein (PARP-DBD) offers a feasible approach for prostate cancer gene therapy. DTIC Genetics; Genetic Engineering; Prostate Gland; Cancer; Deoxyribonucleic Acid; Radiation Therapy; Chemotherapy; Cloning (Biology); Antigens; Mutations 20010100248 California Univ., Lawrence Berkeley Lab., Berkeley, CA USA Tyrosine Kinase Gene Expression Profiling in Prostate Cancer Annual Report, 1 Mar. 2000-28 Feb. 2001 Weier, Heinz-Ulrich G.; Mar. 2001; 12p; In English; Original contains color plates Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-00-1-0085 Report No.(s): AD-A392307; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche There is strong evidence that the expression of genes involved in signal transduction such as protein kinases is altered in tumor cells and that the aberrant expression of one or several of these genes parallels the progression of tumors to a more malignant phenotype. We developed a DNA micro-array based screening system to monitor the level of expression of tyrosine kinase (tk) genes and to derive quantitative information to support prognostication and therapeutic decisions. In the first year of this effort, we finished the development and testing of hardware necessary to prepare the DNA micro-arrays, performed RNA extraction, cDNA preparation and labelling reactions, and defined a working protocol for array hybridization and quantitative analysis. Our prototye design simultaneously measures the expression of 63 different tk genes. Additional targets for investigation will be defined by the ongoing molecular cloning and sequencing of gene transcripts found in prostate cancer cell lines and clinical 132
specimens. Using a set of phenotypically well characterized prostate cancer cell lines, the system has proven to be able to deliver reproducible data regarding changes in tk gene expression during cell transformation and progression towards a more malignant phenotype. DTIC Tyrosine; Cancer; Prostate Gland; Quantitative Analysis; Clinical Medicine; Genetic Engineering; Gene Expression; Cells (Biology) 20010100250 Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor, MI USA Identification of Components of the Cell Death Pathway Annual Report, 1 Jun 1999-31 May 2000 Vincenz, Claudius; Jun. 2000; 29p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-96-1-6085 Report No.(s): AD-A392310; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Identification of the molecular components of any biological process is the first step towards a full understanding and ability to manipulate such a process. This is no different for apoptosis, a process known to be directly involved in the development of tumors. No less that 7 molecules that directly participate in the apoptotic process were characterized on a molecular level from effort supported by this grant. These include several caspases, an adaptor molecule, an anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 homologue, and a family of viral and mammalian inhibitors of cell death. In vitro mechanistic studies established the principle of a caspase cascade in which upstream caspases cleave and activate more abundant downstream caspases producing an enhancement of the apoptotic signal. We show that the most upstream caspases can auto-activate upon aggregation and that in the case of death receptors there is a direct link between receptor ligation and activation of the apical caspase. We also identified viral and cellular inhibitors of this auto-activation process. Further, a novel Bcl-2 homologue, BOO, was identified that is only expressed in reproductive tissues. We were also able to assign a function to wt-Huntingtin protein and show that it is protects from multiple apoptotic stimuli. Mechanistic studies reveal that it interacts and inhibits directly Caspase 9. DTIC Genes; Ovaries; Cancer; Mammary Glands; Cells (Biology); Death 20010100251 Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor, MI USA Analysis of Interval Changes on Mammograms for Computer Aided Diagnosis Annual Report, 6 Apr. 2000-5 Apr. 2001 Hadjiiski, Lubomir; May 2001; 27p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-98-1-8211 Report No.(s): AD-A392312; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche A multistage regional registration technique (MRRT) was developed for identifying masses on temporal pairs of mammograms. It was investigated the use of the density-weighted contrast enhancement (DWCE) technique to improve the localization of the corresponding mass on the prior mammogram. 179 temporal pairs of mammograms containing biopsy-proven masses were used for evaluation. 84% of the estimated lesion locations resulted in an area overlap of at least 50% with the true lesion locations. The average distance between the estimated and the true centroid of the lesions on the prior mammogram was 4.816.9 mm. The registration accuracy was improved in comparison with the registration without DWCE. Regions of interest containing the corresponding masses were identified on the current and prior mammograms of the temporal pair. The masses were automatically segmented using a K-means clustering algorithm and active contour model. Texture, spiculation and morphological features were extracted from each mass. An additional difference features were obtained by subtracting the features of the prior mass from those of the current mass. The feature space for each temporal pair consisted of the texture, spiculation and morphological features from both the prior and the current mammograms and the difference features. MRRT can be useful for identification of corresponding lesions on temporal pairs of mammograms. The obtained features will be used for classification of malignant and benign temporal masses as well as detection of temporal change. DTIC Computer Techniques; Diagnosis; Cancer; Mammary Glands 20010100252 Baylor Coll. of Medicine, Houston, TX USA Role of cdc25 Phosphatases in Cellular Immortalization Final Report, 23 Mar. 1998-22 Mar. 2001 Galaktionov, Konstantin I.; Apr. 2001; 20p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-98-1-8021 Report No.(s): AD-A392320; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche The goal of this proposal is to study the potential role of tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent checkpoint and especially the cdc25 phosphatase family of cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) activators in cellular immortalization. We have shown that cdc25 133
phosphatases did in fact extend the normal mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) life span, but did not immortalize them. The effect was most prominent with cdc25A and cdc25B phosphatases. CDC25C phosphatase had less effect on HMEC life span. Experiments with catalytically inactive cdc25A mutant show that phosphatase activity of cdc2SA is essential for the life span extension. Our experiments show that telomerase is not activated by cdc25A expression in normal human cells, suggesting that cdc25 most likely affect Ml, but not M2 checkpoints. Retroviral cDNA libraries (sense and anti-sense) were introduced into HMEC together with cdc25 to assay for the potential enhancement of cdc25 ability to expand the cellular life span. Among genes affected by the appropriate antisense constructs are p33, p16/ARF and seladin-1. DTIC Mammary Glands; Epithelium; Cells (Biology); Phosphorylation; Assaying 20010100256 Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD USA Ribozyme-Mediated Breast Cancer Gene Therapy Annual Report Pitha-Rowe, Paula Marie; Oct. 2000; 7p; In English; Original contains color plates Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-98-1-8114 Report No.(s): AD-A391315; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche In our laboratory we have developed lentiviral vectors for use in anti-breast cancer gene therapy. Our specific goal for this project is to evaluate the feasibility of using lentiviral vectors that express anti-HER-2/neu antisense or ribozymes for the treatment of breast cancer. The advantage of lentiviral vectors over other vectors is that lentiviral vectors can transduce human cells with great efficiency. We have demonstrated that HIV-based lentiviral vectors can transduce a variety of human cell types with up to 99% efficiency, as measured by FACS analysis of GFP expression in vector-transduced cells. For example, Sup Tl cells can be routinely transduced with greater than 99% efficiency. This expression is stable with cells expressing high levels of GFP for greater than 60 days in culture. Primary human CD4+ T cells are routinely transduced with up to 95% efficiency. Strikingly, CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells are transduced with up to 90% efficiency in NOD/SCID mice, as assayed by measuring GFP expression in the SCID repopulating cell population (SRC). Finally, breast cancer cells can be efficiently transduced with a GFP expressing lentiviral vector. Constructs expressing an anti-HER-2/neu antisense/ribozyme payload have been constructed and are ready for testing in breast cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo. DTIC Cancer; Mammary Glands; Therapy; Genes 20010100257 Baylor Coll. of Medicine, Houston, TX USA Development of a Novel Ligand Binding Assay for Estrogen Receptor Annual Report Chung, Chi-Kong Arthur; Apr. 2001; 8p; In English; Original contains color plates Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-99-1-9068 Report No.(s): AD-A391316; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Nuclear receptors undergo conformational changes when they bind their cognate ligands. It should be possible to monitor these changes in vivo using resonance energy transfer between flurophores. The existence of inherently fluorescent proteins such as the variants of jellyfish green fluorescent protein (GFP) suggests that this problem may be approached by making fusions of these proteins to nuclear receptors. We set out to study this problem using the estrogen receptor (ER), a nuclear receptor known to undergo a conformational change upon ligand binding. We have proposed to generate a novel intrinsic ligand binding assay for the estrogen receptor based on ligand dependent conformational changes detected by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between complimentary fluorescent proteins. We are in the process of cloning double and single chimeras of the estrogen receptor and the various fluorescent proteins into mammalian CMV expression vectors. We have extended the number of chimeras that we are generating because of the advent of new fluorescent proteins now available from Clontech, which include cyan, yellow and red fluorescent protein vectors. These new fluorescent proteins are more optimal for FRET than the original blue and green variants. DTIC Proteins; Estrogens; Ligands; Assaying; Receptors (Physiology); Cancer; Mammary Glands 20010100386 Indiana Univ., Indianapolis, IN USA Novel Mechanisms of Tumor Promoter Activity by Estrogenic Xenobiotics Final Report, 13 Apr. 1998-12 Mar. 2001 Bigsby, Robert M., Indiana Univ., USA; April 2001; 82p; In English; Original contains color plates Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-98-1-8011 Report No.(s): AD-A391904; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A05, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche 134
Ovariectomized, adult rats, were injected with the tumor initiator methylnitrosourea (MNU). Tumor incidence without hormone replacement was 3%. Continuous estradiol or estrone replacement for 8 months yielded 24% or 54% tumor incidence, respectively. when progesterone was included with estrone, tumor incidence was 88%, significantly greater (p - 0.042) than the incidence with estrone alone. Thus, progesterone synergizes with estrone to induce tumorigenesis. Synergistic stimulation of glandular growth was associated with this increase in tumor incidence. Ovariectomized mice were treated with Beta-hexachlorocyclohexane or o,p-DDT by continuous, slow release capsule; the lowest blood levels required to produce an estrogenic effect were 42 ng/ml or 18 ng/ml, respectively. These concentrations are only slightly higher than those found in humans, suggesting that these compounds may pose a risk at current exposure levels. Transfection studies using mutant forms of estrogen receptor and a luciferase reporter expression vector showed that the two activation domains within the receptor, AF-1 and AF-2 are required for full activity of xenoestrogens. With wild-type receptor, xenoestrogens were as effective as estradiol. when either activation domain was mutated, the xenoestrogens were 33-50% less effective than estradiol. Thus, xenoestrogens depend on the combined effects of AF-1 and AF-2 for their full effect. DTIC Neoplasms; Estrogens; Mice; Cancer; Mammary Glands; Females 20010100400 Pennsylvania State Univ., Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA USA The Role of the Cell Surface Proteases Meprin A and B in Breast Cancer Progression Annual Report, 1 May 2000 - 30 Apr. 2001 Matters, Gail L.; May 2001; 17p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-98-1-8143 Report No.(s): AD-A393343; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Meprins are extracellular proteases that have been implicated in the progression of cancer from a nonmetastatic to a metastatic phenotype. Current studies have indicated that meprins can cleave the extracellular matrix protein fibronectin, and denatured collagen (gelatin) in vitro. In addition, overexpression of meprins on cultured breast cancer cells increased their in vitro invasiveness through reconstituted basement membrane (Matrigel). This evidence indicates meprins may influence extravasation, intravasation and formation of tumors at secondary sites. DTIC Cancer; Cells (Biology); Mammary Glands; Protease 20010100402 Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA USA Discovery of Protein Markers in Breast Cancer by Mass Spectrometry Annual Report, 3 Apr. 2000 - 2 Apr. 2001 Seeholzer, Steven; May 2001; 13p; In English; Original contains color plates Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-00-1-0250 Report No.(s): AD-A393348; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche The purpose of this research is to discover protein markers associated with the early development of breast cancer. One of the earliest common changes in this process occurs when some breast epithelial cells begin to grow and proliferate independently of estradiol. Normal breast epithelium requires this hormone for growth and proliferation. Dr. Robert Clarke of Georgetown University has provided us with two breast epithelial cell lines: MCF7 cells, whose proliferation is dependent on estradiol; and LCC1 cells, a cell line derived from MCF7 whose proliferation is independent of estradiol. We have begun applying proteomics techniques (two dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry) in order to characterize broadly the patterns of protein expression in these two cell lines both in the presence and in the absence of estradiol. We have confirmed Dr. Clarkes previous findings that the patterns of protein expression of the LCC1 cells are not affected much by estradiol and more closely resemble those patterns seen in the estradiol stimulated MCF7 cells than they do the unstimulated MCF7 cells. We have begun to identify the estradiol induced protein changes by mass spectrometry and have implemented methods for subcellular fractionation in order to increase the depth and breadth of our discovery efforts. DTIC Cancer; Mammary Glands; Mass Spectroscopy; Proteins 20010100451 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Functional Activities and Immunohistochemical Distribution of Superoxide Dismutase in Normal, Dysplastic and Squamous Cell Carcinoma Oral Tissues Hawley, Thomas D.; Jul. 26, 2001; 53p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A393822; AFIT-CI-01-205; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche 135
Although reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) fulfill physiological roles e.g., intracellular signaling and protection against microbes, sustained ROI levels result in oxidative stress and its deleterious sequelae e.g., DNA mutations to include transmissions and translations. Consequently, aberrant antioxidant enzyme function has been speculated to be a key contributor in carcinogenesis. Levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), the antioxidant enzyme responsible for the dismutation of superoxide to hydrogen peroxide and oxygen, can vary greatly depending upon tissue site and donor status. The purpose of this study was to determine the functional SOD activities TOTAL, MITOCHONDRIAL (Mn), and cytosolic (CuZn) in histologically confirmed non-inflamed normal oral mucosal, inflamed normal oral mucosal, and oral squamous cell carcinoma tissues (SCC) and to characterize the in vivo cellular distribution of MnSOD and CuZnSOD in representative sections of the above tissues, as well as, oral epithelial dysplasia. Materials and methods: Total (tot), cytosolic (CuZn), and mitochondrial (Mn) SOD activities were spectrophotometrically determined (25 deg C, 550 nm) by calculating the rate of inhibition of reduction of acetylated cytochrome c. Immunohistochemical studies using standard techniques (avidin-biotin-peroxidase) and commercially available CuZnSOD and MnSOD antibodies were completed. Results of functional SOD assays: (1) all of the samples showed the highest proportion of SOD activity located within the mitochondria, (2) both the inflamed normal and SCC tissues contained a heavy influx of host inflammatory cells, and (3) the overall data trends show a SCC greater than inflamed normal greater than non-inflamed normal distribution in SOD activities. DTIC Antioxidants; Enzyme Activity; Cancer; Inorganic Peroxides; Mitochondria; Histology; Immunology; Oxidation
20010100501 General Hospital Corp., Boston, MA USA Role of Whn in Mammary Gland Development and Tumorigenesis Annual Report, 30 Sep. 1999-29 Sep. 2000 Baxter, Ruth, General Hospital Corp., USA; October 2000; 17p; In English; Original contains color plates Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-99-1-9276 Report No.(s): AD-A388627; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche We are studying the function of Whn, a winged helix/forkhead transcription factor, in mammary gland development and tumorigenesis. Previous work from our laboratory investigating Whn function in the skin has shown that it has roles in both proliferation and differentiation. Consistent with this data, mice lacking functional Whn have defects in the formation and function of the mammary epithelia. We have shown that Whn is expressed in nuclei of mammary epithelial cells, and that it is present at times when the gland is undergoing periods of proliferation and differentiation. Transgenic mice have been created in which Whn is targeted to the mammary epithelium by use of the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) promoter. These mice will be used to characterize the effects of increased Whn expression on mammary gland development and function. Investigation of Whn in human breast cell lines has indicated that the protein is expressed at low levels in normal breast cells but may be decreased or lost in some tumor cell lines. This indicates that loss of the protein, rather than a gain of function, may be involved in the malignant progression. DTIC Mammary Glands; Growth; Epithelium; Cancer
20010100510 Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY USA Mechanisms of Breast Carcinogenesis Involving Wild-Type p53 Annual Report, 1 Aug. 1999-1 Aug. 2000 Manfredi, James; Sep. 2000; 72p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-97-1-7336 Report No.(s): AD-A391321; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Genetic alteration of p53 resulting in loss-of-function is a common event in many human cancers. In contrast, the majority of human breast carcinomas express a wild-type p53 protein. p53 is a transcription factor which exerts its effects by regulating the expression of particular target genes. Alterations in the expression of factors that regulate p53-dependent transcription may contribute to breast carcinogenesis in which the p53 itself is wild-type. As an approach to identify such factors, three p53dependent target genes have been identified in which additional sequence elements besides p53 binding sites are involved in the transcriptional response to p53. DTIC Cancer; Mammary Glands; Genes; Carcinogens 136
20010100511 Baylor Coll. of Medicine, Houston, TX USA The Role of Maspin in Prostate Tumorigenesis and Development Annual Report, 15 Jan. 2000-14 Jan. 2001 Zhang, Ming; Feb. 2001; 8p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-00-1-0006 Report No.(s): AD-A391319; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche The object of this proposal is to understand the tumor suppressor function of maspin in prostate, and to explore maspins role in normal prostate development. Maspin knockout mouse model will be employed to study the effects of loss of maspin function on mouse prostate tumorigenesis and development. We hypothesize that the presence of maspin (by stable transfection or by adenovirus mediated maspin gene delivery) will prevent or delay prostatic tumorigenesis and metastasis, while loss of maspin in mouse model will render it more susceptible to tumor formation and metastasis. We will take advantage of the powerful tool of mouse genetics by crossing maspin knockout mice with a well characterized mouse prostate cancer model (TRAMP) to test this hypothesis. Prostatic tumorigenesis and normal prostate development will be studied using a variety of established techniques, including organ culture, histopathology, and molecular biology. DTIC Cancer; Suppressors; Prostate Gland; Genetics; Organs 20010101029 Chicago Medical School, Chicago, IL USA Emotional Expression and Psychological Adjustment to Prostate Cancer: A Brief Intervention for Patients and Their Partners Annual Report, 1 Feb. 2000-31 Jan. 2001 Zakowski, Sandra G., Chicago Medical School, USA; February 2001; 5p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-00-1-0017 Report No.(s): AD-A392313; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche The current study examines the effects of a psychological intervention that encourages emotional expression in prostate cancer patients and their partners. Prostate cancer patients (n=130) and their partners are randomly assigned to an intervention or a control group. Following Pennebakers model, subjects in the intervention group are asked to write about their deepest thoughts and feelings regarding their cancer experience for 20 minutes each day for three consecutive days. The control group is asked to write about trivial non-emotional topics. Outcome variables including psychological distress, quality of life, and physical symptoms is assessed at baseline and over a period of nine months after the intervention (one week, three, six, and nine months). In accordance with our approved Statement of Work data collection is currently underway. to date 15 subjects have completed all follow-up assessments and 36 subjects have been enrolled and are at various stages of the data collection process. Data processing has begun, including data entry and verification, which has been completed for all subjects currently enrolled in the project. DTIC Signs and Symptoms; Prostate Gland; Cancer; Patients; Sensory Feedback; Emotional Factors; Psychology 20010101030 McGill Univ., Montreal, Quebec Canada Locating a Prostate Cancer Susceptibility Gene on the X Chromosome by Linkage Disequilibrium Mapping Using Three Founder Populations in Quebec and Switzerland Foulkes, William D., McGill Univ., Canada; Hournal of Fluid Mechanics; March 2001; Volume 434, pp. 371-378; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-00-1-0033; NSF OCE-98-03204 Report No.(s): AD-A392314; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Microfiche; A02, Hardcopy The funded proposal has not yet been activated. We have obtained DOD-endorsed ethical approval at McGill University, but because we are waiting for ethical approval at the other 2 sites we cannot begin. The need to obtain ethical approval at all sites within the McGill University Hospitals system led to much longer delays than anticipated as four separate ethics board had to approve the DoD-endorsed documents. This endeavour took from September 1999 to October 2000. We now have approval at McGill University and at all the component hospital sites. The work required to obtain IRB approval in Switzerland was substantially more complicated than we had envisioned as their system is very different from ours in North America. We have submitted the Single Project Assurance package from Switzerland and are currently waiting to hear from the DoD. We have submitted parts 2,3 and 4 of the Chicoutimi (Quebec) SPA and the ethics committee have met and approval should be forthcoming in the next month or so. We waited for McGill IRB approval before involving Chicoutimi because we wanted to provide them with DoD-approved documents in French so that they wouldnt have to repeat our work. Realistically, we anticipate that within 6 months, approval will have been obtained at all sites and the study will be ready to begin. DTIC Prostate Gland; Cancer; Chromosomes; Genetic Code 137
20010101031 Fayetteville State Univ., NC USA Changing the Attitudes and Behaviors of Black Men to Screening for Prostate Cancer Annual Report, 1 Mar. 2000-28 Feb. 2001 Twum, Maxwell, Fayetteville State Univ., USA; March 2001; 71p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-00-1-0016 Report No.(s): AD-A392317; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche The objectives of the project are: (a) to explore the prevailing attitudes toward prostate cancer screening among Black men in the Cape Fear region of North Carolina; (b) to determine the comparative effectiveness of a one-time presentation of information advocating prostate cancer screening to that of repeated presentations of the message, and (c) to determine the characteristics and impact of the agent of information delivery on the attitudes and behaviors of Black men toward screening for prostate cancer. The study involves the presentation of uniform messages advocating the benefits of prostate cancer screening to a group of 120 black men 40 years and older who have never been screened for prostate cancer, nor participated in a prostate cancer education program. Researchers, health professionals, and peer facilitators will deliver educational messages once to one group, and three times to a second group. The comparison of attitudes before exposure to the messages to that after exposure will help determine the impact of the program on attitudes in the groups. Furthermore, the number of men screened following exposure to messages will help determine the impact of the program on behavior change. DTIC Education; Cancer; Prostate Gland; Minorities; Males; Psychology 20010101032 Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA USA Antibody: Pretargeted Cytokine Therapy of Cancer Annual Report, 15 Apr. 2000-14 Apr. 2001 Weiner, Louis M., Fox Chase Cancer Center, USA; May 2001; 12p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-99-1-9183 Report No.(s): AD-A392365; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche We hypothesize that the selective accumulation of systemically administered cytokines at tumor sites can alter tumor microenvironments to favor the induction of anti-tumor immune responses. We further hypothesize that this can be accomplished by pre-targeting tumors with antibody-streptavidin immunoconjugates and then administering biotinylated cytokines. The purpose of this research program is to identify antibody-pretargeted cytokine therapy strategies that lead to tumor-selective cytokine accumulation the development of host inflammatory cell infiltrates in tumor, and the induction of tumor-specific immunity. The ultimate goal of this research is to identify candidate strategies for clinical development, alone or in combination with tumor vaccines. We have made significant progress toward achieving these goals. lnterleukin-2 (IL-2) has been biotinylated, and its biological properties have been thoroughly characterized. We have obtained a streptavidin-conjugated monoclonal antibody that recognized the Ep-CAM tumor antigen that is frequently overexpressed in breast cancer specimens. The biodistribution properties of the antibody - streptavidin conjugate and of the conjugate admixed with biotinylated IL-2 have been characterized, and pretargeting therapy studies are about to commence. DTIC Neoplasms; Medical Science; Antibodies; Cancer; Mammary Glands; Physiological Responses 20010101033 Wake Forest Univ., School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA A Novel RNA Virus System for Selective Killing of Breast Cancer Cells Annual Report, 1 Apr. 2000-31 Mar. 2001 Parks, Griffith D., Wake Forest Univ., USA; April 2001; 40p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A392382; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche The goal of the proposed work is to develop novel methods based on recombinant SV5 (rSV5) for targeting and killing predetermined populations of tumor cells. During the previous funding period, we have accomplished our proposed phases of the approved tasks. First, we have constructed new chimeric proteins composed of SV5 glycoproteins linked to a single chain antibody (sFv) specific for human HER-2. We have developed an assay to test functional interactions between these chimeras and HEP-2, and have used flow cytometry to identify optimal forms of sFv for cell surface expression (Task 1) . We are currently testing this chimera for expression in rSV5-infected cells. Second, we have generated human breast cancer cell lines which express the tet-repressor protein (Task 2) . These stable cell lines are important as they will serve as the inducible target cells which will be induced to express varying levels of HER-2 to test the specificity of our rSV5 targeting model. Thus, our progress over the last year has resulted in identifying two important components for our research plan: a candidate anti-HEP-2 sFv for inserting into rSV5 genome and cell lines which will be the targets for testing the specificity of targeted infection and killing. DTIC Ribonucleic Acids; Mammary Glands; Cancer; Tumors; Assaying; Antibodies; Viruses; Cells (Biology) 138
20010101034 City of Hope Medical Center, Research Inst., Duarte, CA USA Metal Ion Complexes for Antibody Imaging and Therapy in Breast Cancer Annual Report Shively, John E.; September 2000; 16p; In English; Original contains color plates Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-98-1-8031 Report No.(s): AD-A392386; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche The goals of this project are to prepare and test novel bifunctional chelates based on DOT A to antibodies directed to CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) and Her2/neu. The conjugates will be radiolabeled with In-111 for tumor imaging. and Y90 for tumor therapy. In the first year of the project we have shown that the CEA positive MCF7 cell line transfected with Her2/neu can be grown in nude mice injected with estrogen pellets and used as a tumor model. Since we have previously conjugated anti-CEA antibody T84.66 with DOTA and shown it to target CEA positive tumors, we began our work with the anti-Her2/neu antibody 4D5. In the second year of the project, we have extended these studies to the humanized version of 4D5, Herceptin, and shown that good tumor targeting can be achieved even for parental MCF7 cells that dont over-express Her2/neu. We have also shown that Y90-anti-Her2/neu therapy is about equally effective to Y90-anti-CEA therapy. DTIC Cancer; Mammary Glands; Antibodies; Chelates; Neoplasms; Radiation Therapy; Estrogens; Metal Ions 20010101175 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Imposed Work of Breathing and Breathing Comfort of Nonintubated Volunteers Breathing with Three Portable Ventilators and a Critical Care Ventilator Austin, Paul N.; Jan. 2001; 280p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A393611; AFIT-CI01-204; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A13, Hardcopy; A03, Microfiche In spontaneous breathing modes, past laboratory work using a lung model indicated portable ventilators as compared to critical care ventilators may increase inspiratory work of breathing. The purpose of this study was to assess the imposed inspiratory work of breathing and breathing comfort of nonintubated healthy volunteers breathing spontaneously through three portable ventilators and a critical care ventilator in a controlled environment. A physiologic theoretical framework was used for the study. With all subjects having continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) settings of 0 and 5 cm H2O and pressure support ventilation (PSV) settings of 0 and 10 cm H2O, the hypotheses were: 1) Imposed work (WOB1) and pressure-time product (PTP1) with the 7200ae (Mallinckrodt, critical care ventilator) will be less than those in the Achieva (Mallinckrodt) ventilator and LTV 1000 (Pulmonetic) ventilator, which will be less than those of the Univent 754 (Impact) ventilator (WOB1 and PTP1 with 7200ae is less than Achieva = LTV 1000 <Univent754);2)breathingcofort (BC) reported by subjects breathing with the 7200ae will be greater than that with the Achieva and LTV 1000, which will be greater than the Univent 754 (BC with 7200ae> Achieva = LTV 1000 is greater than Univent 754). The study used a randomized, single blind repeated measures design using healthy nonobese subjects (n=16). Measured respiratory parameters were saved to a personal computer and subjects recorded BC on a visual analogue scale that had been previously assessed for validity. Control breathing periods were interposed after each fourth study period; maximum inspiratory pressure was the proxy measure for fatigue. DTIC Respiratory System; Pressure Breathing; Ventilators 20010101177 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Surface Electromyographic Evaluation of Nocturnal Masticatory Muscle Activity McDaniel, Randall J.; May 08, 2001; 75p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A393616; AFIT-CI-01-207; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Research has demonstrated a strong correlation between diurnal oral parafunctional activities and signs and symptoms of TMD. It is widely accepted that morning jaw pain is a result of nocturnal oral parafunctional activity, but to date, no cause and effect relationship has been demonstrated. This preliminary investigation used a portable EMG system to record all nocturnal masseter and ipsilateral temporalis muscle activity to a notebook computer. Twenty subjects were enrolled, ten into a morning jaw muscle pain group (JP) and ten into a non-pain control group (NJP). All subjects received a clinical examination to include the Cramo- Mandibular Index (CMI) and Symptom Severity Index (S SI). A baseline clinical measurement (BCM) was obtained by having each subject maximally clench three times and recording the average. Each subject was requested to wear the EMG electrodes for ten nights of data. The data were analyzed with EMG graphing software to determine the percent of time each subject spent below the 15%, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% levels of the BCM. A 2- sample t-test was performed to compare the JP and NJP groups at each percent level, group BCM mean values, group mean ages, gender, mean recorded minutes and total recorded minutes. No statistically significant difference was found with any of the above parameters, including the percent of BCM levels. Based on this study the JP and NJP groups were not different with respect to the duration of nocturnal masticatory muscle activity 139
and specific intensity levels. Difficulties were encountered with electrode pad disconnections possibly contributing to the excessive intra-group variability and inter-group overlap. DTIC Muscles; Mastication; Electromyography; Diurnal Variations 20010101284 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Pneumococcal Vaccine Rates in Persons 65 and Older: A USAF Medical Facility Record Review Johnson, Edward G.; Jul. 26, 2001; 20p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A393594; AFIT-C101-206; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche The pneumococcal vaccine is underutilized according to self-reported surveys and the full scope of the problem remains undetermined. Objective: Primary aims were to determine if the documentation of pneumococcal vaccination varied between clinics for patients 65 and older; and to compare the results with national survey reports and claims data. Methods: 368 medical records were examined in this prevalence survey with 268 records from the internal medicine clinic (IMC) and 100 records from the family practice clinic (FPC) at the Wilford Hall U.S. Air Force Medical Center. Results: The documentation rates were 92.9% and 69.0%, for IMC and FPC respectively. This difference in documentation rates was statistically significant (chi-square = 35.462; df= 1; p is less than 0.001) and both clinics exceeded the rates found in surveys and claims. Conclusions: Clinics differ in their vaccine documentation and self-reported national survey data might not accurately reflect the prevalence of pneumococcal vaccination. DTIC Vaccines; Clinical Medicine; Medical Services 20010101295 New York Medical Coll., Valhalla, NY USA Tumor Associated Antigenic Peptides in Prostate Cancer Annual Report, 30 Sep. 1999-28 Feb. 2001 Tiwari, Raj, New York Medical Coll., USA; March 2001; 38p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-98-1-8534 Report No.(s): AD-A392354; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche We had earlier demonstrated the prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of tumor derived heat shock protein, gp96-peptide complexes. Since this tumor rejection property was specifically mediated by tumor denved and not non-tumor derived gp96-peptide complexes, and that gp96 preparations stripped of its peptides are non-immunogenic, we examined the hypothesis whether prostate cancer associated peptides which may act as tumor rejection antigens can be identified in gp96-peptide complexes utilizing a combinatorial single chain phage display antibody library. We have successfully used combinatorial single chain phage display library (scFv) for the detection of tumor rejection antigens and to define the heterogeneity of cancer antigens in prostate cancer. These novel reagents helped us to characterization of the 170 kDa protein specifically expressed in MAT-LyLu cells that could be a target for immunotherapy. These scFvs were used to identi?y synthetic peptides that mimic the activity of the tumor rejection antigen gp96. We also demonstrated that a tumor protective immune response can be generated using these synthetic peptides. Our results now confirm that T cell defined epitopes can be recognized by antibodies and that there may exist considerable overlap. In this respect, the existing paradigm was challenged. DTIC Prostate Gland; Cancer; Thermal Shock; Proteins; Tumors; Heterogeneity; Antigens; Peptides 20010102678 Pacific Environmental Services, Inc., Herndon, VA USA Medical Waste Incinerator Waste Management Plan, Malcolm Grow Medical Center, Building 1056, Andrews Air Force Base, Maryland Jun. 2001; 13p; In English; Original contains color plates Contract(s)/Grant(s): F41624-95-D-9017 Report No.(s): AD-A393684; IERA-RS-BR-SR-2001-0004; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche State of Marylands regulations require that any person who owns or operates a hospital, medical and infectious waste incinerator prepare a waste management plan that identifies the feasibility and approach to solid waste segregation or material substitution to reduce the amount of toxic emissions. This waste management plan has been written to meet these requirements for the Malcolm Grow Medical Center at Andrews AFB, MD. DTIC Incinerators; Management Planning; Waste Management; Medical Services; Toxicity 140
20010102754 Texas Univ. Health Science Center, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, San Antonio, TX USA An In Vitro Comparison of Pantographic Techniques Douglas, Jay, Texas Univ. Health Science Center, USA; May 2001; 209p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A393749; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A10, Hardcopy; A03, Microfiche The primary use of pantography is to program an articulator so the articulator movements will more closely harmonize with the patients mandibular movements. The objective of this four-part investigation was to assess and compare the accuracy, repeatability, and procedure time of the optoelectronic computerized pantograph, the electronic stylus computerized pantograph, the mechanical pantograph, and the kinematic face-bow. This study was performed in vitro on three identical semi- adjustable articulators (Denar Mark II, Teledyne Water Pik). A kinematic face-bow (Denar Axis Locator, Teledyne Water Pik) and optoelectronic pantograph (Condylocomp, Dentron) performed the transverse horizontal axis investigations. A mechanical (Denar, Teledyne Water Pik), electronic-stylus (Pantronic, Teledyne Water Pik), and optoelectronic (Condylocomp, Dentron) pantograph performed protrusive condylar path, progressive mandibular lateral translation, and immediate mandibular lateral translation determinations. The experimental design restricted the patient variables associated with these methods. An initial evaluation was performed to identify the measured mid-point of the articulator condyles. Next, the Stuart axis locator (Stuart Gnathologic Instruments) was used to determine the transverse horizontal axis of each articulator. The kinematically located transverse horizontal axis and the measured center of the condylar ball were identical. DTIC In Vitro Methods and Tests; Computerized Simulation; Medical Equipment 20010102922 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Government Estimates in the Tricare Managed Care Support Contracts Jonasson, Michael E.; Aug. 13, 2001; 101p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A393549; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A06, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche In 1994, the Department of Defense (DoD) began a journey, to merge the Military Health System (MHS) with the concept of the Managed Care Support Contractor (MCSC). The DoD managed health care program, called TRICARE, includes the competitive selection of contractors to financially underwrite the delivery of civilian health care services with a uniform, stabilized benefit structure, triple option health benefit features, and a regionally-based health care management system. The goals of TRICARE are to maintain medical readiness, improve access to care, provide a secure quality health care benefit, provide a choice of health care options, and contain DOD health care costs. The Managed Care Support (MCS) contracts are fixed-price contracts, with risk-sharing features and a bid price adjustment process designed to periodically substitute projected/estimated health care costs with actual health care costs. MCS contracts are 5 1/2 year contracts, with a 6-month phase-in period prior to start-up of delivery of health care services, followed by 5 1-year option periods. This thesis will explore the bid price adjustment process within the MCS contract, and the Governments methodology used to project/estimate health care costs for use by offerors in the bidding process. Selected as an example for discussion is the Regions 3 and 4 MCS contract. This thesis explores whether the Government, in choosing and engaging a methodology for projecting/estimating health care costs, should have instead chosen another methodology or path; i.e., the road not taken. DTIC Contractors; Health; Management Systems 20010102924 New York Univ. Medical Center, New York, NY USA The Role of RPTP-Alpha-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases in Mammary Tumorigenesis Final Report, 1 May 1998-30 Apr 2001 Sap, Jan M.; May 2001; 33p; In English; Original contains color plates Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-98-1-8136 Report No.(s): AD-A393537; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche The aim of the studies covered under this report was to start addressing the potential role of protein tyrosine phosphatases in mammary tumorigenesis. On theoretical grounds, this class of enzymes could be expected to either act as negative regulators of growth (e.g. tumor suppressors), or to act oncogenically, e.g. by their ability to activate kinases that are negatively regulated by phosphorylation. We have addressed this question using RPTPa as a model PTP. Expression of this PTP has been surveyed in human breast cancers, in vitro studies have been performed to assess the effect of this PTP on growth properties and tumorigenicity of mammary carcinoma cells. Both approaches have led to the conclusion that increased expression of this PTP correlates with a less advanced stage of tumor progression. A number of studies have also been started to address the effect of RPTPa mouse gene ablation on models of mouse mammary tumorigenesis. These results suggest RPTPa may be useful as a marker 141
for tumor progression, and raise a cautionary note regarding the use of PTP inhibitors in tumor therapy. These studies have been delayed with respect to the original timetable, but are proceeding. DTIC Cancer; Phosphorylation; Proteins; Tyrosine; Enzymes
20010103237 Pennsylvania Univ., Wistar Inst., Philadelphia, PA USA A Novel Myc-Interacting Protein With Features of a Breast Tumor Suppressor Gene Product Final Report, 15 Sep. 1996-14 Sep. 2000 Rauscher, Frank K.; Oct. 2000; 112p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-96-1-6324 Report No.(s): AD-A392297; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A06, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche This research project was founded on our discovery of the Bin1 gene, which encodes a novel adaptor protein (originally known as DTIC Proteins; Genes; Cancer; Mammary Glands
20010103246 Johns Hopkins Univ., School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA The Role of DNA Methyltransferase in the Progression of Breast Cancer to a Hormone Independent Phenotype Annual Report, 1 Sep. 1999-30 Aug. 2000 Yan, Lan; Sep. 2000; 43p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-98-1-8116 Report No.(s): AD-A391690; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Estrogen and progesterone and their receptors play major roles in the development and function of the mammary gland as well as in breast cancer biology and treatment. However, 25-30% of human breast cancers lack ER alpha and PR expression and respond poorly to hormonal treatment. Absence of ER alpha and PR expression is associated with lack of transcript, methylation of the CpG islands in the promoter regions of these genes, and increased DMT activity and DMT1 protein. The purpose of this proposal is to address the hypothesis that specific inhibition of DMT1 by antisense oligoucleotides (DMT1 ASO) is sufficient to re-express ER and PR genes in ER-/PR-human breast cancer cell lines. Our results demonstrated that after DMT1 ASO treatment, human breast cancer cell lines used in this study showed significant growth inhibition, DMT1 expression was blocked at protein level as well as at mRNA level. ER expression was observed after DMT1 ASO multiple treatment. The re-expression of PR and other breast cancer suppressing genes are currently under investigation. DTIC Deoxyribonucleic Acid; Cancer; Mammary Glands; Estrogens; Genes
20010103248 California Univ., Los Angeles, CA USA Isolation of Genes Involved in Human Prostate Cancer Progression by Functional Expression Cloning Annual Report, 1 Aug. 2000-31 Jan. 2001 Sawyers, Charles; Feb. 2001; 9p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-98-1-8569 Report No.(s): AD-A391693; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche During phase I of this IDEA Award, we examined mechanisms of androgen independent prostate cancer progression using our LAPC xenograft model. Our focus was to identify genes and/or signaling pathways that might be responsible for androgen independent growth, through expression cloning. We have successfully identified several such candidates through screening xenografts and validated the activity of these candidates in xenograft models. Our current focus is to study two genes/pathways that were identified in this screen (the EGFR/Her2 pathway and the cathepsin D protease) as tools to create new transgenic models of prostate cancer. We are also developing a new transgenic model using the avian retrovirus receptor TVA that will allow us to introduce multiple transgenes into the prostate in a stepwise manner and to manipulate androgen levels without affecting transgene expression (as part of the Phase II grant). DTIC Cancer; Cloning (Biology); Genes; Prostate Gland; Genetic Engineering 142
20010103371 Illinois Univ., Broad of Trustees, Chicago, IL USA Breast Carcinoma Cell Targeted Therapy by Novel Vitamin D Analog Final Report, 1 Sept 1997-31 Aug. 2000 Mehta, Rajeshwari R.; Sep. 2000; 138p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-97-1-7263 Report No.(s): AD-A391706; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A07, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche Vitamin D and its analogs are growth-suppressing and cell-differentiating but also have high calcemic activity. We identified a new synthetic vitamin D analog: 1 alpha (OH)D5. In malignant breast cells, it induced expression of differentiation markers, namely alpha 2 integrin intracellular lipid and casein. Human breast carcinoma cells treated in vitro with 1 alpha (OH)D5 failed to form tumor when injected into athymic mice. In vivo, in athymic mice, dietary supplementation of 1 alpha (OH)D5 inhibited tumor growth and appeared to induce differentiation of transplanted human breast carcinoma cells. Animals receiving dietary 1 alpha (OH)D5 showed no serious deleterious effects except slight but significant increases in serum calcium. Serum calcium levels declined to that of control baseline level within one week of discontinuation of the treatment. We conjugated 1 alpha (OH)D5 with Her-2 antibody and evaluated its therapeutic efficacy in an experimental animal model. The 1 alpha (OH)D5-Her-2 conjugate inhibited the in vivo growth of breast carcinoma cells transplanted into athymic mice. The immunoconjugate was more effective than either agent administered alone in inhibiting growth of breast cancer cells. Animals receiving immunoconjugate showed no signs of toxicity or hypercalcemia. DTIC Mammary Glands; Cancer; Cells (Biology); Therapy; Calciferol 20010103538 Stanford Univ., School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA DNA Replication Initiator Proteins and Genetic Instability: Creating a Mouse Model for Prostate Cancer Final Report, 15 Aug. 1998-14 Aug. 2000 Jackson, Peter K.; Sep. 2000; 144p; In English; Original contains color plates Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-98-1-8557; ProjReport No.(s): AD-A391522; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A07, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche Hyperploidy is a well-known pathological hallmark of cancer cells including prostate cancer. The mechanisms underlying this form of genomic instability are essentially unknown. We have identified a pathway in fission yeast critical for maintaining DNA replication control. Two genes in the pathway, POPl and POP2, encode WD4C domain proteins that heterodimerize to hind to regulatory proteins and promote their ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis. The targets of this proteolytic destruction machinery include regulators of cyclin-dependent kinases, cyclins, Cdk inhibitors, and the replication initiator protein, CDCl8. Mutations in Popl or Pop2 cause yeast to accumulate these regulators and to prominently overreplicate their genomes (>8N) . Accordingly, the POP genes behave as rereplication suppressors in yeast. We have identified human and mouse homologs of the POP genes which we have called hPOPl and mPOPl. These genes encode proteins that are overall 21% identical and 55% similar to yeast equivalents, hut have higher degrees of homology in some domains. We have begun to test whether these proteins serve a similar role in mammalian cells. Using radiation hybrid mapping and FISH, we have mapped the human POPl to a region that has been suggested to contain a potential tumor suppressor for urogenital cancer. DTIC Cancer; Cells (Biology); Prostate Gland; Genetics; Deoxyribonucleic Acid 20010103544 RAND Corp., Santa Monica, CA USA The Measurement and Interpretation of Health in Social Surveys Thomas, Duncan; Frankenberg, Elizabeth; Dec. 2000; 36p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A391483; RAND/DRU-2550-NIA; WORKING,PAPER,SERIES,01-06; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Health status is hard to measure. It is widely recognized that health is multi-dimensional reflecting the combination of an array of factors that include physical, mental and social well-being, genotype and phenotype influences as well as expectations and information. A multitude of health indicators have been used in scientific studies drawing on data from both the developed and developing world. Understanding what those indicators measure is central if the results reported in the studies are to be interpreted in a meaningful way. Whether one is interested in summarizing the health of a population or understanding the links between health and other measures of well-being at the individual level, poor measurement will likely yield poor inferences. There is a large literature that discusses the validity and limitations of different health measures. Murray and Chen (1992) and Sadana (2001) provide excellent reviews and discussion. Some of the most insightful empirical studies have compared indicators of specific morbidities reported by respondents in health interview surveys with indicators based on health examinations of the same individuals conducted by trained health workers. Other very influential studies have examined the extent to which self-reported 143
health predicts health problems later in life. A third class of studies contrasts prevalence rates based on health interviews with other sources. DTIC Public Health; Surveys 20010103548 Chicago Univ., Chicago, IL USA Development of a Common Database for Digital Mammography Research Annual Report, 15 Sep. 1998-14 Sep. 1999 Nishikawa, Robert M.; Oct. 1999; 9p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-94-J-4076 Report No.(s): AD-A391425; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche The purpose of this infrastructure project is to develop a large database of digitized mammograms that will be distributed free of charge to researchers working in all aspects of digital mammography. This database will facilitate and promote rapid development in digital mammography research. The database will consist of 1000 cases subdivided into 5 categories, 4 containing different breast lesions -- masses, microcalcifications, architectural distortions, asymmetric densities (both benign and malignant) -- and one containing normal mammograms. The mammograms will be collected and digitized (0.05-mm pixel size) at two sites: the Universities of Chicago and North Carolina. The database will be stored at the two sites and will be available over internet, and by mail on CD, tape and magneto-optical disks. to date 611 cases have been digitized. Each case consists of index and previous exams (each having four standard views) and up to two special-view mammograms (e.g., magnification views). The computer systems for the database have been assembled and are connected to the network. The first release of 50 cases with clustered microcalcifications will be made shortly after true location of the cluster is determined. This release will be followed by another 50 cases of microcalcifications and 100 cases with masses. DTIC Data Bases; Image Processing; Digital Systems; Information Systems; Mammary Glands; Cancer 20010103550 Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN USA Characterization of Genetic Alterations in Ovarian Cancer Annual Report, 1 Oct. 1999-30 Sep. 2000 Smith, David; Oct. 2000; 27p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-99-1-9504 Report No.(s): AD-A391417; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Ovarian cancer is a highly lethal malignancy specific to women. We have set up the infrastructure at Mayo for an Ovarian Cancer Research Program utilizing the rich resources of clinical material and linking work from molecular geneticists with that of dedicated clinicians. We are proposing to combine several powerful strategies to clone many of fie genes involved in ovarian cancer development. The first project focuses on identifying genes that are over-expressed or under-expressed during the development of ovarian cancer using subtraction suppression hybridization cDNA libraries and Gene Expression Array Analysis in collaboration with Millennium Predictive Medicine. The second project focuses on the role of gene amplification in familial versus sporadic ovarian cancer. The third project is to characterize two common fragile sites, FRA6F (6q21) and FRA6E (6q26) which are derived from chromosomal regions frequently deleted in ovarian cancer and that also contain genes involved in replication senescence. Thus we have three interactive projects whose overall focus is to identify key genetic targets in the development of ovarian cancer. This Program Project is centered within a larger institutional effort to better understand the biology of the development of ovarian cancer and to devise better strategies for prevention, early detection and treatment of this lethal disease. DTIC Cancer; Gene Expression; Genes; Ovaries; Genetics
20010103551 University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA Molecular Epidemiology of Breast Cancer Carcinoma in Situ Annual Report, 1 Aug. 1999-31 Aug. 2000 Press, Michael F.; Sep. 2000; 15p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-96-1-6156 Report No.(s): AD-A391416; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche This is a molecular epidemiologic case-control study of breast carcinoma in situ (CIS) in Los Angeles County designed to address issues related to the cause and progression of breast CIS by determining epidemiologic risk factors, characterizing selected molecular genetic alterations and prospectively assessing disease progression. The specific aims of the research are (1) to assess epidemiologic risk factors associated with development of breast CIS, (2) to determine how frequently specific oncogenes or the 144
p53 tumor suppressor gene are altered in breast CIS, (3) to investigate potential relationships between various epidemiologic risk factors and somatic genetic alterations and (4) to assess long-term the association of these factors with disease progression. We have interviewed a total of 1599 women in connection with this investigation. 573 women with breast carcinoma in situ , 480 white women (including Hispanics) and 93 African-American women, have been interviewed. These women were 35-64 years old, diagnosed with breast CIS, residents of Los Angeles County, US-born, and English speaking. As described in our original proposal 1026 control women have been interviewed as part of the Womens CARE Study funded by the NICHD. The DOD has not provided funding for the control interviews and, hence, we have not reported them to the DOD in this progress report although we will use them for comparison purposes when we analyze the breast CIS case data at the conclusion of this study. DTIC Cancer; Mammary Glands; Epidemiology; Genetics; Diseases; Ethnic Factors
20010103552 Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH USA Prostate Carcinoma Metastasis Tracked with Histochemical Marker Genes Final Report, 1 Jul. 1998-31 Dec. 2000 Culp, Lloyd A.; Jan. 2001; 142p; In English; Original contains color plates Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-98-1-8587 Report No.(s): AD-A391333; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A07, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche This project examines mechanisms by which human prostate carcinoma (PCA) cells undergo metastasis in an athymic nude mouse (male) model system since little attention has been devoted to these events for PCA. This includes PCA CWR22, CWR22R, and CWR21 xenografts adapted to tissue culture. to track tumor cells at the single-cell level and quantitatively, histochemical marker genes have been transfected for resolution as blue-, red-, or black-staining cells. Specific aim I examines the organ specificity of metastatic spread (particularly to bone and liver which escape detection in most animal models). Lacz-tagged CWR22R cells have been isolated and s.c. injected. We routinely observe micrometastases in lung, liver, and bone and specificity of these events further evaluated in an experimental metastasis model. Aim II examines any significance for androgen for metastatic spread; with CWR22R, androgen-relatedness has been observed for both initiation of primary tumors and specificity of metastasis. Aim III evaluates possible interclonal cooperativity by injecting two different PCA cell types tagged with different marker genes. These experiments identify a new model for human prostate carcinoma derived from a primary tumor (therefore, not an already-metatastically selected population from the patient) that mimicks the progression characteristics of the human disease. DTIC Cancer; Cells (Biology); Prostate Gland; Markers; Histochemical Analysis; Culture Techniques
20010103553 Washington Univ., School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO USA Tumor Supressor Genes in Early Breast Cancer and its Progression Final Report, 1 Sep. 1994-31 Aug. 2000 Goate, Alison M.; Sep. 2000; 57p; In English; Original contains color plates Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-94-J-4293 Report No.(s): AD-A391328; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a pre-invasive stage of breast cancer. From our allelotyping study of DCIS, chromosomal regions of 8p, 13q, 16q, 17p and 17q showed loss of heterozygosity (LOH) significantly above background (5%). We concentrated our efforts on the LOH mapping of a region on 8p (30% LOH) and identified the smallest common deletion region located at 8p22-p23 in an 1.4 cM interval. An integrated YAC/BAC clone contig covering the deletion region was constructed using CITB and RPCI-11 BAC libraries and the publicly available YAC contig information. STSs (sequence tagged sites) developed from CITB BACs and the publicly available insert end sequences from RPCI-11 BACs on the contig were used for database search. Seven clones with full working draft sequences were identified and localized to the contig. Clone RPCI-11 184021 contains genomic sequence for the tyrosine kinase, blk. A second predicted gene in the same clone shows 89% homology to hematopoietic cell kinase (Hck), a member of the SRc family of tyrosine kinases. Clone RPCI-11589N15 contains sequences homologous to human procathepsin B, Squalene synthase and GATA-4. When the sequence of the entire deletion region becomes available, gene-finding programs can be used to identify all genes in this region and assess the likelihood of a gene being a tumor suppressor gene (TSG). Then, the putative TSGs can be evaluated on normal and tumor tissues of DCIS cases. DTIC Genes; Mammary Glands; Cancer; Suppressors; Genetics; Diagnosis 145
20010103554 Illinois Univ., Broad of Trustees, Chicago, IL USA Adipocyte Differentiation: Relationship to Breast Cancer Annual Report, 1 Jan.-31 Dec. 2000 Bulun, Serdar E.; Jan. 2001; 52p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-97-1-7025 Report No.(s): AD-A391324; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Our results generated during this report period supported the central hypothesis in this grant application. In summary, we have a two-hit hypothesis. First, malignant epithelial cells block the differentiation of surrounding adipose fibroblasts through cytokines. Then, epithelial factors induce aromatase expression in these undifferentiated fibroblasts via switching aromatase gene promoter use from the physiologically used promoter 1.4 to aberrantly activated promoter II. During this grant period, we demonstrated that the transcription factor C/EBPbeta mediates this malignant epithelial cell effect on adipose fibroblasts. The end result is aromatase overexpression and increased local formation of estrogen in breast cancer. In future, we seek to isolate these malignant epithelial cell-derived factors and associated signaling pathways in adipose fibroblasts. We also will determine whether estrogen regulates the formation of antiadipogenic cytokines IL-11 and TNFalpha in malignant epithelial cells. DTIC Cancer; Mammary Glands; Epithelium; Estrogens; Cells (Biology) 20010103555 Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY USA Functional Analysis of Breast Cancer Susceptibility Gene BRCA2 Final Report, 11 Jul. 1997-30 Oct. 2000 Schoenfeld, Alan R.; Aaronson, Stuart A.; Nov. 2000; 28p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-97-1-7317 Report No.(s): AD-A391240; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Germline mutations in the BRCA2 gene lead to an increased lifetime risk for breast and ovarian cancer, and pancreatic, prostate, and male breast cancers. Although the BRCA2 protein has been reported to play a role in DNA repair, the normal cellular function of the BRCA2 gene is still mostly unknown. In this report, we demonstrate that cellular levels of BRCA2 protein are diminished following UV irradiation, suggesting that regulation of BRCA2 during DNA repair is complex. In work based on a previous collaborative observation, we also explore a potential interaction between BRCA2 and Braf35 proteins and provide evidence that this interaction does not occur in cells. Additionally, we show that among the human homologs of the RecA family of DNA repair proteins, BRCA2 binds exclusively to Rad5 1. Regulation of BRCA2 expression by p53 was assessed and BRCA2 levels were found to be unaffected by p53. We also report the construction of a series of epitope-tagged BRCA2 constructs that will be used to identify potential BRCA2-interacting proteins. These efforts will help provide a more complete picture of the normal cellular role of the BRCA2 gene. DTIC Cancer; Mammary Glands; Genes; Cells (Biology); Deoxyribonucleic Acid 20010103557 Temple Univ., School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA USA Expression of BRCA2 Gene Product in Normal and Breast Cancer Cells and in Vivo Analysis of its Tumor Suppressor Function Final Report, 1 Jul. 1997-30 Jun. 2000 Arakkal-Nellissery, Jacob; Jul. 2000; 8p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-97-1-7038 Report No.(s): AD-A391236; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Breast cancer is a major health problem affecting American women, accounting for 181200 new cases diagnosed in 1997 and 17% of all cancer deaths (Parker et al, 1997). Among the various epidemiological factors that contribute to the development of breast cancer, a positive family history of breast cancer in a first degree relative is associated with a doubling of risk (Claus et al, 1990). It has been estimated that genetically inherited forms of breast cancer account for approximately 5%- 10% of all breast cancer cases (Weber and Garber, 1997). Genetic linkage analysis in large kindreds with several affected individuals, has localized two breast cancer susceptibility genes, Brcal (Hall et al, 1990) and Brca2 (Wooster et al, 1994) to the long arm of chromosomes 17q21 and 13q 12 respectively. These two genes have recently been isolated by positional cloning strategies (Miki et al, 1994; Wooster et al, 1995). Germline mutations in Brcal predispose the carrier females to early onset breast and ovarian cancer, while Brca2 mutations increase the susceptibility to breast and pancreatic cancer. Unlike Brcal, mutations in Brca2 also increase the risk of male breast cancer (Stratton et al, 1994). Identification of these 2 breast cancer predisposing genes has enabled the development of diagnostic tools for carrier detection and therapeutic intervention in familial breast cancer. DTIC Cancer; Genes; In Vivo Methods and Tests; Cells (Biology); Mutations; Genetics 146
20010103559 Texas Univ., M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA A Molecular Epidemiologic Case-Case Study of Prostate Cancer Annual Report, 1 Sep. 1998 - 28 Feb. 2001 Strom, Sara S.; Lin, Sue-Hwa; Mar. 2001; 24p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-98-1-8471 Report No.(s): AD-A392344; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Although prostate cancer is the most common cancer in western countries, risk factors for this disease have not been well characterized. Furthermore, research on genetic susceptibility to prostate cancer is in its infancy. This study builds upon an ongoing project by adding genetic susceptibility markers. Additionally, we accrued new patients with metastatic disease. Constitutional markers are being evaluated as predictors of prostate cancer risk including: (a) polymorphisms within the androgen receptor and 5-Alpha-reductase genes, vitamin D receptor; (b) relative expression levels of several mismatched repair genes (hMSH2 and hMLH1) and radiosensitivity related genes (ATM, GADD45, XRCC1), and (c) frequency of replication errors in tumor and normal DNA. These data will be integrated with epidemiologic and clinical information. Results from this research may identify markers of progression, which could help in the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. Our findings indicate that decreased mismatched repair gene expression may be associated with increased risk of prostate cancer. These results suggest that DNA damage-repair pathways may be involved in prostate carcinogenesis. Incorporation of data obtained form this research to ongoing studies in our department, including the metastatic patients, will allow us to confirm this finding and further explore the molecular basis of the underlying mechanisms of prostate cancer etiology. DTIC Genetics; Cancer; Prostate Gland; Epidemiology 20010103560 Hutchinson (Fred) Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA USA The Single Prostate Cell Transcriptome as Biological Assay Annual Report, 1 Oct. 1999 - 28 Feb. 2001 Nelson, Peter S.; Mar. 2001; 27p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-98-1-8499 Report No.(s): AD-A392342; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Technological advances in robotics and image analysis software have expanded the capabilities of large-scale strategies to provide for a more complete analysis of molecular differences between tissues or cells of interest. The research accomplished to date has demonstrated the ability to reproducibly isolate defined prostate cell populations by microdissection and flow cytometry. Gene expression studies of the cells purified by flow-cytometry reveal an altered expression profile that we believe results from the tissue dissociation/dispersion procedures. Ongoing and future work employs microdissection as the procedure of choice for specific cell-type analyses. The microdissection approach using a laser capture microscope is an efficient procedure for isolating cells representing abundant cell types, and we have isolated, purified, and analyzed the gene expression profiles from luminal epithelium and stromal elements. We have greatly expanded the database of sequences acquired from specific prostate cell types, and constructed arrays encompassing a wide range of diverse genes (n=6,000). In preliminary experiments we have used amplified cDNA probes isolated from small cell numbers to assess the gene expression profiles of defined cell types. DTIC Cancer; Cells (Biology); Bioassay; Data Bases; Prostate Gland 20010103763 General Accounting Office, Accounting and Information Management Div., Washington, DC USA Report to the Acting Secretary of Veterans Affairs. VA Information Systems: Computer Security Weaknesses Persist at the Veterans Health Administration Sep. 01, 2000; 46p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A393773; GAO/AIMD-00-232; B-285729; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Our objectives were to determine the status of computer security within VHA and evaluate department wide initiatives to improve Computer Security throughout VA. to determine the status of computer security within VHA, we (1) evaluated information system general controls at the VA Maryland Health Cafe System, the New Mexico VA Health Care System, and the VA North Texas Health Care System and (2) reviewed VAa fiscal year 1999 financial statement audit report; VAa 1999 FMFIA report; and VA OIG, internal VHA, and consultant reports on computer security at VHA facilities. DTIC Computer Programs; Reports; Computer Information Security; Data Processing 20010103768 Georgetown Univ., Medical Center, Washington, DC USA Dietary Prevention of Breast Cancer Annual Report, 15 Aug. 1999 - 14 Aug. 2000 Hilakivi-Clarke, Leena A.; Sep. 2000; 40p; In English 147
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-99-1-9196 Report No.(s): AD-A393138; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche The purpose of the project is to appraise critically the state of dietary prevention of breast cancer and to forge new avenues of investigation in the field of nutrition. A special emphasis is on the role of diet during fetal life, puberty, and pregnancy, in influencing breast development and breast cancer risk (task-1) . In addition, the data we obtain using animal models serve as a basis of developing and conducting studies in human populations (task-3). Dietary factors that are the focus of these studies are fats, particularly polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and phytoestrogens. Special emphasis is put on identifying their mechanism of action (task-2). In particular, the role of ER-alpha and ER-beta and eicosanoids in mediating the effects of PUFAs and phytoestrogens are assessed. We will also determine whether BRCA1 is involved. In pubertal girls and adult parous women, estrogen-regulated factors, including epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor a and insulin like growth factors, are studied in the serum and nipple aspirate fluid. During the funding period, a course is developed and directed at the Georgetown University as a new initiative to the existing Tumor Biology program, addressing critical nutritional issues in breast cancer (task-4). Significant progress has been made towards all the four tasks, and this progress is detailed in this report. For example, we have shown that prepubertal estrogen exposure reduces breast cancer risk in an animal model, and our cohort study in 3,447 Finnish women support this conclusion. Further, our data indicate that up-regulation of ER-beta protects the mammary gland from malignant transformation. Development of the proposed course has also been completed, and it will be offered to students starting in Spring 2001. DTIC Nutrition; Cancer; Mammary Glands; Fatty Acids; Diets 20010103780 Health Research, Inc., Buffalo, NY USA The Preclinical Evaluation of Fever-Range, Whole Body Hyperthermia as an Adjuvant to Chemotherapy and Cytokine Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Breast Cancer Pritchard, Michele, Health Research, Inc., USA; June 2001; 10p; In English; Original contains color plates Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-99-1-9364 Report No.(s): AD-A393088; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche This predoctoral grant was written to examine the effect of combining fever-range whole body hyperthermia with cytokine immunotherapy and chemotherapy in animal models of breast cancer. Progress in year number two has recently improved with the implementation of a new animal model that closely represents human breast cancer and will replace the less appropriate CT26 model (a colon cancer model) used in year number one. This represents the most significant advance. The 4T1 cell line is a murine mammary adenocarcinoma syngenic to balb/c mice that spontaneously metastasizes. Although only preliminary experiments have been performed suggesting that IL-l2 decreases lung metastasis, the model is now solidly in place in the laboratory. Secondly, the work with the CT26 model has moved forward slightly and the importance of IFN-gamma to the observed enhancement of the anti-tumor response with the combination of IL-l2 and whole body hyperthermia noted in year one has been hypothesized. Unfortunately, a bizarre, septic shock-like syndrome has been observed that has hampered further progress in both animal models the past 4 months. The etiology of this syndrome is still under investigation by the PI and the Roswell Park Cancer Institute Department of Laboratory Animal veterinary staff. DTIC Cancer; Chemotherapy; Hyperthermia; Signs and Symptoms; Veterinary Medicine 20010103783 Sunnybrook and Womens Coll. Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario Canada The Cell Cycle Inhibitor p27KIP1: A Key of G1 Arrest by Androgen Ablation and by Vitamin D3 Analog Final Report, 4 Jan. 1999 - 3 Jan. 2001 Slingerland, Joyce; Feb. 2001; 42p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-99-1-9024 Report No.(s): AD-A393133; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Our previous research in LNCaP and in vivo in prostate cancers suggested that the cell cycle inhibitor, p27, is an important effector of growth arrest in the prostate. In the work of the last 2 years, we have shown that the cell cycle regulator, p27, mediates growth arrest by the vitamin D3 analog, EB 1089. Work during final year of the grant period has addressed how processes regulating p27 are altered during prostate cancer progression. Effects of androgens and vDR activation by EB 1089 on p27 function were assayed. We demonstrated that physiologic concentrations of DHT and EB 1089 have synergistic effects to upregulate p27 and inhibit growth of prostate cancer cells. This work has led us to assay the effects of a combination of low dose DHT and EB 1089 in pre-clinical trials using LNCaP xenografts in immunodeficient mice. Our preliminary data analysis of these in vivo studies in mouse models suggest that DHT and EB 1089 causes synergistic inhibition of prostate cancer growth and can 148
prevent tumor formation in nude mouse models in this in vivo mouse model. Data from these studies would support the inception of clinical trials of the combination of low dose DHT and EB 1089 in prostate cancer patients. Unraveling the pathways whereby these steroid hormones influence the cell cycle has defines p27 as a novel target for anti-prostate cancer drugs. Moreover, our studies of p27 protein expression before and after NHT may provide a new marker to identify hormone resistant primary prostate cancers and stimulate development of novel treatment strategies. DTIC Growth; Physiology; Prostate Gland; Cancer; Hormones; Cells (Biology); Vitamins; Tumors; In Vivo Methods and Tests
20010103787 Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor, MI USA Development of Digital Steroscopic Imaging Technique in Mammography Final Report, 20 Apr. 1998-19 Apr. 2001 Chan, Heang P.; May 2001; 26p; In English; Original contains color plates Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD18-98-1-8210 Report No.(s): AD-A392070; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche The goal of this research is to develop stereoscopic techniques for mammographic imaging and to investigate the feasibility of using stereomammography to improve the sensitivity of mammography for breast cancer detection, especially in dense breasts. During this year, we conducted further studies to investigate the effects of imaging techniques on depth perception and depth measurement in stereomammography. A GE Senographe 20OOD full field digital mammography system was used for stereoscopic imaging. We developed a stereoscopic imaging technique in which the phantom was shifted instead of the focal spot for acquisition of the left-eye and right-eye images. In a preliminary observer study, we found that larger stereo angles and zooming facilitate depth measurement with a virtual cursor. In a separate observer experiment, we evaluated the effects of magnification, contact, and zooming on depth discrimination. We found that the accuracy of depth discrimination increased with increasing fibril depth separation and with increasing x-ray exposure. Zooming the contact stereo images by 2X did not improve the accuracy. Depth discrimination was superior with stereo images acquired using geometric magnification in comparison with images acquired using a contact technique. These studies indicate that stereoscopic imaging may improve the perception of image details and depth separation, and thus may be useful for differentiating overlapping tissues from masses and identifying 3D spatial distribution of microcalcifications in mammography. Based on the information from these observer studies, it will be possible to design effective imaging techniques for stereomammography. The improvement in perception of the details of mammographic features and the additional size and depth information are expected to improve diagnostic accuracy of mammographic abnormalities. DTIC Digital Systems; Cancer; Diagnosis; Mammary Glands
20010103855 Wisconsin Univ., Madison, WI USA Pain Management Skills for Minority Breast Cancer Patients Annual Report, 15 Aug. 1999-31 Oct. 2000 Backonja, Miroslav; Oct. 2000; 25p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-94-J-4233 Report No.(s): AD-A391415; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche This project developed patient educational materials for lower-income African American and Hispanic women with breast cancer and cancer-related pain. The development of the materials was guided by the results of studies designed to establish the educational needs of women of each ethnic heritage. A manuscript describing the results of our baseline studies has been published in Cancer, and three book chapters have been written using project data. The results of the baseline studies indicated that over half of the minority women were experiencing severe pain and that their physicians underestimated pain severity. The second study found that the womens health care providers demonstrated conservative pain management practices. They reported inadequate pain assessment and patient reluctance to report pain as top barriers to optimal pain treatment. The patient educational materials are designed to teach women how to communicate with their providers about their pain. The materials also discuss effective pain management and dispel myths about opioid medications. The educational materials are being tested in a randomized clinical trial at sites that serve minority patients. Patient recruitment and accrual have been slow but are gradually increasing. An additional one year unfunded extension has been requested to finish the clinical trial. DTIC Cancer; Ethnic Factors; Mammary Glands; Patients; Pain 149
20010103993 Texas Univ., M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA Prostate Cancer Treatment Based on the Suppression of Andiogenesis and Metastasis Final Report, 1 Sep. 1998 - 28 Feb. 2001 Pasqualini, Renata; Mar. 2001; 15p; In English; Original contains color plates Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-98-1-8561 Report No.(s): AD-A392343; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche A polymeric form of fibronectin, superfibronectin (sFN), is a novel non-cytotoxic compound that has impressive anti-metastatic effects in animal experiments. It is thought to act by interfering with adherence and/or migration of tumor cells in the host. Metastases originating from human melanoma, sarcoma and carcinoma cells have been found to be suppressed by sFN. In this stage for the project, we proposed to determine the feasibility of using sFN as an anti- prostate cancer agent by addressing three important issues: 1) demonstration that sFN is effective in preventing the spread of established tumors; 2) lack of detailed studies regarding the toxicity of sFN; and 3) lack of standardization of the sFN polymerization process. DTIC Blood Vessels; Cancer; Prostate Gland; Tumors 20010104072 Boston Univ., Boston, MA USA New Biophysical and Genetic Techniques for Advanced Material Development Final Report, 1 Jul. 1992 - 30 Jun. 1999 Rothschild, Kenneth J.; Jul. 30, 2001; 18p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAL03-92-G-0172 Report No.(s): AD-A393588; ARO-30373.18-LS-JRI; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Biomembranes are involved in some of the most basic cellular processes. These include ion transport, energy transduction, nerve transmission, sensory detection and cellular communication. The design of a new class of materials based on biomembrane components holds promise in diverse areas including optical recording media, chemical sensors, nanometer lithography, energy transducers and enzyme catalysis. However, future progress in these areas will depend on the development of new methods for elucidating the molecular basis for biomembrane function, self-assembly into higher order structures and modifying membrane components for biomaterial applications. In this project, we proposed to address these problems by developing powerful new methods based on molecular genetics and advanced biophysical techniques which have the capability to modify and characterize biomembranes on a molecular level. Key among these techniques will be site directed non-native amino acid replacement (SNAAR) along with the related technique of site directed isotope labeling (SDIL). These approaches when combined with FTIR spectroscopy will provide a powerful method for determining the role of individual amino acid residues in the functioning of a protein and in self-assembly as well as providing a new dimension in protein engineering, enabling the replacement of native amino acid residues with custom designed residues. DTIC Biophysics; Bioengineering; Membranes; Genetics; Synthesis (Chemistry) 20010104663 Oxford Univ., Oxford UK ATLAS: Adjuvant Tamoxifen Longer Against Shorter Final Report, 1 Oct. 1994-29 Feb. 2000 Peto, Richard; Mar. 2000; 19p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-94-J-4422 Report No.(s): AD-A391788; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche ATLAS an international trial designed to assess the optimal duration of adjuvant tamoxifen - received its original funding by the U.S. Army in 1995. Following the approval of the final report, a further years funding was awarded. The current report covers the work done with the additional funding. ATLAS remains on course to achieve its overall objectives. More than 400 hospitals have ethics approval, and more than 300 centers are randomizing women into the trial. With the implementation of the ATLAS Patient Identification and Registration Project, ATLAS has systematically identified more than 7000 women who are currently on tamoxifen and who are eligible for entry either now or at some time in the future to ATLAS - the registration target is 30,000, which will be reached during the next 2-3 years. At 06/2000, more than 6000 women have been randomized - ATLAS should reach its accrual target in 2005. Follow-up will continue at least until 2010, when the main results of the trial will be reported. The ATLAS Oestrogen Receptor Detection Project is now being implemented to ensure that the ER status of all randomized women in ATLAS is ascertained. The independent Data Monitoring Committee for ATLAS convened in June 1999, when it endorsed the continuing importance of ATLAS and confirmed that the trial was progressing satisfactorily. For ATLAS to achieve its main objectives, additional funding is required and is requested as part of this report. DTIC Clinical Medicine; Chemotherapy; Cancer; Mammary Glands 150
20010104671 Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC USA 2001 Telemedicine Report to Congress Jan. 2001; 110p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A393625; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A06, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche The Healthcare Research and Quality Act of 1999, Section 6, requires the Secretary of Health and Human Services (DHHS) to submit a Report to Congress on Telemedicine by 2001. Congress requested that the Report describe barriers to telemedicine, determine the extent of patient and physician satisfaction with this mode of health delivery and assess patient benefits from telemedicine services. What exactly is meant by telemedicine and telehealth? In the Department of Commerces 1997 Report to Congress, telemedicine referred to the use of electronic communication and information technologies to provide or support clinical care at a distance. Telehealth is a broader concept. For the purposes of this Report, telehealth is defined as the use of electronic information and telecommunications technologies to support long-distance clinical health care, patient and professional health-related education, public health and health administration. DTIC Health; Clinical Medicine; Public Health; Telemedicine; Congressional Reports
52 AEROSPACE MEDICINE
Includes the biological and physiological effects of atmospheric and space flight (weightlessness, space radiation, acceleration, and altitude stress) on the human being; and the prevention of adverse effects on those environments. For psychological and behavioral effects of aerospace environments see 53 Behavioral Science. For the effects of space on animals and plants see 51 Life Sciences.
20010100498 Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI USA Influence of Bone Remodeling Inhibition on the Development of Experimental Stress Fractures Annual Report, 1 Sep. 1999-31 Aug. 2000 Boyd, Robert D., Henry Ford Health System, USA; Schaffler, Mitchell B., Henry Ford Health System, USA; September 2000; 9p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-98-1-8515 Report No.(s): AD-A389071; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Stress fractures result from repetitive loading and have been regarded as a mechanical fatigue-driven process. However, histopathological data and experimental data from our laboratory suggests that increased remodeling precedes the occurrence of bone microdamage and stress fractures, suggesting a central role for increased intracortical remodeling in the pathogenesis of stress fractures. Thus, we propose that stress fracture occurs through a positive feedback mechanism, in which increased mechanical usage stimulates focal bone turnover, resulting in a locally increased in porosity. Microdamage accumulation and stress fractures result from continued cyclic loading of this transiently osteopenic bone. The proposed experiments test the hypothesis by pharmacologically inhibiting the bone remodeling response, the subsequent accumulation of microdamage and the severity of the stress fracture can be diminished. In the proposed experiments, this hypothesis is being tested experimentally in the rabbit tibial stress fracture model, which was developed in our laboratory. to test the hypothesis that reactive remodeling within the cortex drives the development of stress fractures, the effect of remodeling suppression using a bisphosphonate on the accumulation of bone microdamage and diminishing the severity of stress fracture will be examined. Outcomes of these experiments will be assessed using bone scintigraphy, histomorphometry and biomechanical approaches. DTIC Medical Science; Bone Demineralization; Bones; Cyclic Loads; Fractures (Materials); Histology; Pathogenesis; Human Body; Fatigue (Materials) 20010101122 Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Combatant Protection and Nutrition Branch, Fishermans Bend, Australia Pepsin Digestion of Antibodies to Produce Functional Antigen-Binding Fragments (Fab): A Scientific Fantasy? Gauci, Penelope J., Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Australia; Alderton, Malcolm R., Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Australia; July 2001; 28p; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): DSTO-TR-1189; DODA-AR-011-961; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity A pepsin antibody fragmentation procedure was trialed and optimised. The procedure used was a modified version of that described in Current Protocols in Immunology. Pilot digestions using a range of pepsin concentrations and incubation times were completed at pH 4.0 and pH 4.5. The digestion products were examined by Phastgel electrophoresis, and the combination of pepsin 151
concentration, incubation time and pH that provided the most efficient digestion of the antibody into dimeric antigen-binding fragments (F(ab)2) was then used in the large-scale digestion of the antibody. Monomeric antigen binding fragments (Fab) were obtained through reduction of F(ab)2 using 2-mercaptoethanol. In this study Fab from a mouse polyclonal anti-ricin antibody and a sheep polyclonal anti-Bacillus anthracis antibody generated with the optimised procedure were comparable to the whole molecule when used as the capture antibody in an ELISA. Nevertheless, it was noted that, in spite of meticulous optimisation of the digestion process it can be fraught with problems. Author Antibodies; Digesting; Pepsin; Fragments; Immunology; Antigens 20010103238 JAYCOR, San Diego, CA USA A Health Hazard Assessment for Blast Overpressure Exposures Subtitle - Use of Animal Test Data in the Development of a Human Auditory Hazard Criterion for Impulse Noise (Part 2) Final Report, Part 2 Hamernik, Roger P.; Patterson, James H., Jr.; Ahroon, William A.; Stuhmiller, James H.; Aug. 1998; 202p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-96-C-6007 Report No.(s): AD-A392410; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A10, Hardcopy; A03, Microfiche A health hazard assessment for blast overpressure exposures is presented. DTIC Health; Exposure; Overpressure; Hazards 20010103249 Armstrong Lab., Crew Systems Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Assessment of Neck Muscle Biodynamics During Impact Final Report, Jul. 1990-Aug. 1993 Getschow, Karen R.; Perry, Chris E.; Bonetti, Dena M.; Taylor, Christopher L.; Aug. 1993; 31p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-ILIR Report No.(s): AD-A391701; AL/CF-SR-1995-0016; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche An experimental effort was conducted to assess the neck muscles biodynamic characteristics using electromyographic (EMG) data collected during a human impact study. EMG data were collected from specific neck muscles of volunteer human subjects before, during, and after the subject was exposed to a vertical impact. Data analysis consisted of the Integrated Threshold Detector method, and then using the integrated EMG to determine muscle recruitment patterns and frequency distributions. The only definite conclusion that can be made from the results of this study is that EMG data can be collected during a simulated aircraft ejection. Interpretation of these data is not fully understood; however, some trends were observed. The higher the acceleration level of the test, the higher the magnitude of the EMG rectified mean value. The linear fit of the pre-impact voluntary isometric contractions is quite good in most cases. There appears to be a greater range in the EMG rectified mean values for the trapesius muscles during the backward voluntary contractions and similarly for the sternocleidomastoid muscles during the forward voluntary contractions. Additional EMG research is required. DTIC Biodynamics; Muscles; Neck (Anatomy) 20010103543 Army Research Inst. of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA USA Effect of Cysteninyl Leukotriene Blockade on the Development of Acute Mountain Sickness Muza, Stephen R.; Kaminsky, David; Fulco, Charles S.; Sonna, Larry A.; Banderet, Louis E.; May 2001; 34p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A391503; TR-T-01/12; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS) may be a manifestation of hypoxia-induced cerebral edema resulting, in part, from increased capillary permeability. Leukotrienes (LTB4, LTC4) may be involved in the pathogenesis of AMS, as these compounds are known to increase endothelial permeability. to test the hypothesis that cysteinyl leukotrienes (LTC4) are involved in the development of AMS, we orally administered a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor blocker (montelukast) prior to and during exposure to high altitude (4300 m) in a hypobaric chamber. We assessed whether blocking cysteinyl leukotriene receptors decreases the prevalence and/or severity of AMS and associated physiological and cognitive responses. Eleven lowlanders (9 men, 2 women) were exposed twice, 2 weeks apart to 4300 m for 24 hours. Each subject received 10 mg montelukast 25 and 1 h prior to ascent. AMS symptoms were assessed using the Environmental Symptoms Questionnaire (ESQ) and the Lake Louise AMS Scoring System (LL) after 11 and 22 h altitude exposure. Urinary LTE4 (uLTE4) was assayed as an integrated measure 0 cysteinyl leukotriene production. After 11 h exposure, AMS prevalence and symptom severity by LL was lower (pis less than 0.05) during montelukast administration compared to placebo during the first 12 h, but not different after 22 h exposure. The LL identified more subjects with AMS than the ESQ, but the scores between the two assessments were highly correlated (r=0.78 to 0.98). Urinary LTE4 was not significant elevated after 24 h exposure, nor did uLTE4 levels correlate with AMS severity. However, uLTE4 tended 152
to be higher (p0.06) during montelukast treatment compared to placebo. Compared to placebo, montelukast administration was not associated with any significant differences in resting SaO2, PETO2, PETCO2, 24h urine volume, TBhW or changes in cognitive performance at sea level or high altitude. However, cognitive performance did recover after only 12 hours of altitude exposure. DTIC Altitude Sickness; Cysteine; Leukocytes; Physiological Effects; Human Performance 20010104659 Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation International, New York, NY USA Workshop on Implementation of Screening and Eye Examinations for Diabetic Retinopathy Proceedings Report Final Report, 1 Sep. 2000 - 31 Aug. 2001 Goldstein, Robert A.; Aug. 2001; 45p; In English, 27-28 Feb. 2001, Bethesda, MD, USA; Sponsored by Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, USA; Meeting sponsored in part by American Diabetes Association, National Eye Inst., and National Inst. on Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-00-1-0705 Report No.(s): AD-A392401; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Microfiche; A03, Hardcopy Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness in working-age adults today. Fortunately, 90% of this vision loss is preventable with early screening and treatment. Because the number of people with diabetes is expected to double in the next 30 years, it is vital that effective strategies are implemented now to improve retinopathy screening rates. In an effort to confront this problem head on and address the challenges of promoting screening from a health services research perspective, the Juvenile Diabetes Foundation lntemationa% along with the National Eye Institute, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, and other sponsoring agendes%onvened the Implementation of Screening and Eye Exams for Diabetic Retinopathy Workshop on February 27 and 28, 2001, at the campus of the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland. The complete workshop agenda is included in Appendix A of the Proceedings Report. Approximately sixty people attended the workshop, representing patient groups, professional organizations, government agencies, insurers, health care plans, and public policy makers as well as researchers. A complete list of workshop participants is included in Appendix B of the Proceedings Report. DTIC Digestive System; Eye Examinations; Eye (Anatomy); Conferences; Blindness
53 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
Includes psychological factors; individual and group behavior; crew training and evaluation; and psychiatric research.
20010103208 Oklahoma State Univ., Aviation Education Dept., Tulsa, OK USA Learning Styles of Pilots Currently Qualified in USA Air Force Aircraft Kanske, Craig A., Oklahoma State Univ., USA; Journal of Air Transportation World Wide; 2001; ISSN 1093-8826; Volume 6, No. 2, pp. 33-46; In English; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity Kolbs Learning Style Inventory was used to identify the predominant learning styles of pilots currently qualified in USA Air Force aircraft. The results indicate that these pilots show a significant preference for facts and things over people and feelings. by understanding the preferred learning styles of the target population, course material can be developed that take advantage of the strengths of these learning styles. This information can be especially useful in the future design of cockpit resource management training. The training program can be developed to demonstrate both that there are different learning styles and that it is possible to take advantage of the relative strengths of each of these learning styles. Author Pilot Training; Learning Theory; Inventories 20010103234 Hong Kong Inst. of Education, Tai Po, Hong Kong Quality Training and Learning in Aviation: Problems of Alignment Moore, Phillip J., Hong Kong Inst. of Education, Hong Kong; Lehrer, Henry R., Nebraska Univ., USA; Telfer, Ross A., Newcastle Univ., Australia; Journal of Air Transportation World Wide; 2001; ISSN 1093-8826; Volume 6, No. 1, pp. 3-14; In English; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity The challenge of producing training programs that lead to quality learning outcomes is ever present in aviation, especially when economic and regulatory pressures are brought into the equation. Previous research by Telfer & Moore (1997) indicates the 153
importance of appropriate alignment of beliefs about learning across all levels of an organization from the managerial level, through the instructor/check and training level, to the pilots and other crew. This paper argues for a central focus on approaches to learning and training that encourage understanding, problem solving and application. Recent research in the area is emphasized as are methods and techniques for enhancing deeper learning. Author Aeronautics; Education; Flight Training 20010103632 Tuskegee Inst., Dept. of Aerospace Science Engineering, AL USA Effects of Above Real Time Training (ARTT) On Individual Skills and Contributions to Crew/Team Performance Final Report, 17 May 1999 - 30 May 2001 Ali, Syed Firasat, Tuskegee Inst., USA; Khan, M. Javed, Tuskegee Inst., USA; Rossi, Marcia J., Tuskegee Inst., USA; Crane, Peter, Air Force Research Lab., USA; Guckenberger, Dutch, SDS International, Inc., USA; Bageon, Kellye, Tuskegee Inst., USA; August 2001; 31p; In English; Diskette: 1 3.5-Inch DSHD Diskette containing full text document in pdf format Report No.(s): NONP-NASA-DK-2001164492; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Above Real Time Training (ARTT) is the training acquired on a real time simulator when it is modified to present events at a faster pace than normal. The experiments on training of pilots performed by NASA engineers and others have indicated that real time training (RTT) reinforced with ARTT would offer an effective training strategy for such tasks which require significant effort at time and workload management. A study was conducted to find how ARTT and RTT complement each other for training of novice pilot-navigator teams to fly on a required route. In the experiment, each of the participating pilot-navigator teams was required to conduct simulator flights on a prescribed two-legged ground track while maintaining required air speed and altitude. At any instant in a flight, the distance between the actual spatial point location of the airplane and the required spatial point was used as a measure of deviation from the required route. A smaller deviation represented better performance. Over a segment of flight or over complete flight, an average value of the deviation represented consolidated performance. The deviations were computed from the information on latitude, longitude, and altitude. In the combined ARTT and RTT program, ARTT at intermediate training intervals was beneficial in improving the real time performance of the trainees. It was observed that the team interaction between pilot and navigator resulted in maintaining high motivation and active participation throughout the training program. Author Human Performance; Navigators; Real Time Operation; Training Simulators; Pilots (Personnel); Rates (Per Time)
54 MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT

Includes human factors engineering; bionics, manmachine, life support, space suits and protective clothing. For related information see also 16 Space Transportation and 52 Aerospace Medicine..
20010099948 RAND Corp., Arroyo Center, Santa Monica, CA USA Super Bowl Surveillance: Facing Up to Biometrics Woodward, John D., Jr, RAND Corp., USA; May 2001; 16p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A391898; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Biometric facial recognition can provide significant benefits to society. At the same time, the rapid growth and improvement in the technology could threaten individual privacy rights. The concern with balancing the privacy of the citizen against the government interest occurs with almost all law enforcement techniques, however, and we should not let the fear of potential but inchoate threats to privacy, such as super surveillance, deter us from using facial recognition where it can produce positive benefits. Biometric facial recognition is by no means a perfect technology, and much technical work has to be done before it becomes a truly viable tool to counter terrorism and crime. But the technology is getting better and there is no denying its tremendous potential. In the meantime, we, as a society, have time to decide how we want to use this new technology. by implementing reasonable safeguards, we can harness Its power to maximize its benefits while minimizing the intrusion on individual privacy. DTIC Recognition; Biometrics; Balancing; Crime 154
20010103556 Department of Defense, Office of the Inspector General, Arlington, VA USA Funding and Logistics for the Joint Helmet Mounted Cueing System May 31, 2001; 29p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A391237; IG/DOD-D-2001-132; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche This report is the second of two audit reports addressing the Joint Helmet Mounted Cueing System. The system consists of a helmet-mounted display unit and aircraft interface components that will enhance aircraft fighter pilots ability to engage and destroy airborne targets. The Joint Helmet Mounted Cueing System is one element of a larger system-of-systems high-off-boresight capability that will provide a first look, first shot advantage to the U.S. warfighter. The capability allows the pilots to engage, lock, and launch weapons at a target wherever the pilot is looking, beyond the radar s field of view, but within the constraints of the missile limits. The capability works with the Navy and Air Force AIM-9X missile. The AIM-9X missile is currently in development with an estimated completion date of May 2003. If the missile is not deployed at the same time as the helmet, there will still be added capability because the helmet visor displays data such as airspeed, altitude, target range, weapons, sensors, and navigation. The Air Force plans to employ the Joint Helmet Mounted Cueing System as upgrades on the F-15 C/D and F-16 C/D blocks 40 and 50 aircraft, and insert the helmet into the production line for the F-22. The Navy plans to incorporate the helmet in the F/A-18 E/F production line and as a planned upgrade to the F/A-18 C/D model. The Joint Helmet Mounted Cueing System is a joint Air Force and Navy acquisition category III program under the milestone decision authority of the Air Force Program Executive Officer for Fighters and Bombers. The helmet is in the engineering, manufacturing, and development phase of the acquisition cycle and is scheduled for a Milestone III full-rate production decision in April 2002. As of December 31, 2000, the estimated total research, development, test, and evaluation and production costs were approximately $672 million. DTIC Helmet Mounted Displays; Logistics; Cues; Manufacturing; Product Development 20010104069 Battelle Memorial Inst., Columbus, OH USA Evaluation of the Effect of Particle Size and Particle Sensing Instruments on the Measurement of Mask Protection Factors Final Report, Jun. 1995 - Aug. 1997 Hofacre, Kent C.; Richardson, Aaron W.; Jun. 2001; 112p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): SPO900-94-D-0002 Report No.(s): AD-A393492; ECBC-CR-050; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A06, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche The current method used by the U.S. military to assess mask performance uses a polydisperse corn oil aerosol of 0.4 to 0.6 micron mass median aerodynamic diameter as a simulant challenge atmosphere. Data are presently lacking regarding the effect of particle size and aerosol sensing instruments on the measured protection factor (PF). Data are also lacking regarding the correlation of PFs measured using an insert aerosol challenge, such as the corn oil, with PFs measured using either a biological aerosol or vapor challenge. The objectives of this task were (1) to evaluate the effect of aerosol detection instruments and aerosol size on measured protection factor, (2) to assess whether inert aerosols are suitable for predicting respirator performance against surrogate biological aerosols, and (3) to assess whether an inert aerosol is a good indicator of respirator performance that is challenged with a vapor. The foremost finding in this study is that the corn oil/photometer test method is a good indicator of PFs that would be experienced by masks challenged with either similar sized aerosols or inert vapors. In addition, use of the corn oil/photometer method used to measure PFs is a conservative estimator of PFs that would be measured against a bioaerosol challenge with a particle size greater than 1 micron. DTIC Masks; Detection; Aerosols; Particle Size Distribution
59 MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTER SCIENCES (GENERAL)

Includes general topics and overviews related to mathematics and computer science. For specific topics in these areas see categories 60 through 67.
20010102850 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA USA Improving Simulated Annealing by Recasting it as a Non-Cooperative Game Wolpert, David, NASA Ames Research Center, USA; Bandari, Esfandiar, Research Inst. for Advanced Computer Science, USA; Tumer, Kagan, NASA Ames Research Center, USA; September 2001; 16p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): RTOP 755-07-00 Report No.(s): NASA/TM-2001-210929; NAS 1.15:210929; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche 155
The game-theoretic field of COllective INtelligence (COIN) concerns the design of computer-based players engaged in a non-cooperative game so that as those players pursue their self-interests, a pre-specified global goal for the collective computational system is achieved as a side-effect. Previous implementations of COIN algorithms have outperformed conventional techniques by up to several orders of magnitude, on domains ranging from telecommunications control to optimization in congestion problems. Recent mathematical developments have revealed that these previously developed game-theory-motivated algorithms were based on only two of the three factors determining performance. Consideration of only the third factor would instead lead to conventional optimization techniques like simulated annealing that have little to do with non-cooperative games. In this paper we present an algorithm based on all three terms at once. This algorithm can be viewed as a way to modify simulated annealing by recasting it as a non-cooperative game, with each variable replaced by a player. This recasting allows us to leverage the intelligent behavior of the individual players to substantially improve the exploration step of the simulated annealing. Experiments are presented demonstrating that this recasting improves simulated annealing by several orders of magnitude for spin glass relaxation and bin-packing. Author Computer Techniques; Simulated Annealing; Intelligence; Game Theory 20010104351 Center for Mathematics and Computer Science, Amsterdam Netherlands Adaptive Sparse-Grid Combination-Solutions for a Singular Perturbation Problem Noordmans, J.; Jun. 1999; 24p Report No.(s): PB2001-108635; MAS-R9916; Copyright; Avail: National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Microfiche In this paper we show how, under minimal conditions, a combination extrapolation can be introduced for an adaptive sparse grid. We apply this technique for the solution of a two-dimensional model singular perturbation problem, defined on the domain exterior of a circle. NTIS Computational Grids; Perturbation; Combinations (Mathematics); Problem Solving
60 COMPUTER OPERATIONS AND HARDWARE

Includes hardware for computer graphics, firmware and data processing. For components see 33 Electronics and Electrical Engineering. For computer vision see 63 Cybernetics, Artificial Intelligence and Robotics.
20010099438 Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Joint Systems Branch, Salisbury, Australia A Review of Architecture Tools for the Australian Defence Force Prekop, Paul, Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Australia; Kingston, Gina, Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Australia; Chin, Moira, Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Australia; McCarthy, Anna, Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Australia; June 2001; 80p; In English Report No.(s): DSTO-TR-1139; DODA-AR-011-848; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity Complex defense architecture development efforts require the support of sophisticated enterprise architecture tools. This report identifies over 20 different enterprise architecture tools, and reviews four representative tools in detail. Several alternative approaches are described, including the current CAT (computer aided training) development effort. Author Defense Program; Architecture (Computers); Computer Techniques 20010099691 Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Software Engineering Inst., Pittsburgh, PA USA Quality Attribute Design Primitives Final Report Bass, Len; Klein, Mark; Bachmann, Felix; Dec. 2000; 45p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-F19628-00-C-0003 Report No.(s): AD-A392284; CMU/SEI-2000-TN-017; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche This report focuses on the quality attribute aspects of mechanisms. An architectural mechanism is a structure whereby objects collaborate to provide some behavior that satisfies a requirement of the problem. The authors identity mechanisms that significantly affect quality attribute behavior and have sufficient content for analysis. Codifying such mechanisms will enable architects to identify the choices necessary to achieve quality attribute goals. DTIC Computer Programs; Architecture (Computers) 156
20010100129 Naval Academy, Annapolis, MD USA Development of a Semi-Empirical Model for SEUs in Modern DRAMs Sarlese, Justin A.; May 08, 2000; 68p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A392405; USNA-277(2000); No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Studies have found that the passage of a charged particle through a dynamic random access memory (DRAM) can cause a bit flip (1 to 0 or 0 to 1), also referred to as a single event upset (SEU). This is more noticeable in newer, denser computer systems which contain much more DRAM memory and, as a result, are more sensitive to radiation. SEUs are also more common at higher altitudes, where the neutron and proton fluxes were found to be as much as several hundred times greater than at sea level. For this reason, IBM, Boeing, the Department of Defense, and other government and commercial organizations have performed numerous studies on the phenomenon aimed at reducing the SEU effect in aircraft, missiles, and satellites which use DRAMs. Many of the previous models developed to characterize the SEU are not applicable to modern high-density chips. This project has developed a new and improved model which applied to the higher density chips and is based on particle energy, particle flux, and SEU cross-section data taken from a wide range of experiments. This study also identifies the nuclear reactions, chip characteristics, and particle environments which affect a DRAMs SEU rate. From this model, the soft error rates (SERs) of various commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) DRAMs were calculated at various altitudes, latitudes, and longitudes. These rates were used to identify which DRAMs were the most and least sensitive to radiation. Those DRAMs with lowest expected SEU rates will be more reliable in aircraft systems while those with the highest expected SEU rates can potentially be used in the development of a smaller lightweight neutron detection system. DTIC Random Access Memory; Data Storage; Commercial Off-The-Shelf Products; Single Event Upsets; Charged Particles
20010101162 Department of Defense, Office of the Inspector General, Arlington, VA USA Survey of Acquisition Manager Experience Using the DOD Joint Technical Architecture in the Acquisition Process Aug. 22, 2001; 73p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A393529; IG/DOD-D-2001-176; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche This report is the third and final in a series of reports and discusses the use of an open systems approach in the acquisition process for weapon systems. The first report discusses the extent that acquisition program managers considered and used an open systems approach in the design and development of major defense weapon systems. The second report discusses the extent that DoD planned and implemented DoD Component use of the Joint Technical Architecture (JTA) to help achieve weapon systems interoperability requirements and to support affordability and an open systems approach to weapon system design. This report summarizes the results of Component Acquisition Executive, Program Executive Officer, and program manager responses to survey questionnaires regarding use of JTA in the acquisition process. The open systems approach and JTA are closely linked. In the open systems approach, acquisition program managers and contractors choose commercially supported specifications and standards for system interfaces. JTA specifies a set of primarily commercial specifications and standards that cover information processing, information transfer, content, format, security, and commonality. In August 1996, the Office of the Secretary of Defense mandated that acquisition program managers use JTA for all command, control, communication, and intelligence systems. During November 1998, the Office of the Secretary of Defense broadened the JTA requirement to include all emerging capabilities or changes to an existing capability that produces, uses, or exchanges information electronically; crosses a functional or DoD Component boundary; or gives the warfighter or DoD decisionmaker an operational capability. DTIC Acquisition; Command and Control; Data Processing; Information Transfer; Architecture (Computers) 20010103263 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USA Analysis of Intel IA-64 Processor Support for a Secure Virtual Machine Monitor Karadeniz, Kadir; Mar. 2001; 114p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A391770; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A06, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche This thesis explores the Intel IA-64 architectures capability to support a secure virtual machine monitor. The major mission of a virtual machine monitor is to provide an execution environment identical to the real machine environment for virtual machines. A VMM duplicates the real resources of a processor for virtual machines while making a virtual machine think that it is running on a real machine. As a result, a virtual machine monitor allows multiple virtual machines to run concurrently on the same machine. A secure VMM on the Intel IA-64 architecture would offer several benefits. A secure VMM would ensure that security policy is enforced by constraining information flow between the supported virtual machines. This would provide PC users with a more secure environment in which to run COTS operating systems. The Intel IA-64 architecture was analyzed to determine 157
if it is virtualizable. Three types of virtual machine monitors and their hardware requirements have been defined. The IA-64 architecture was mapped to these hardware requirements. Analysis showed that the IA-64 architecture meets three main hardware requirements. However, IA-64 instruction set contains 18 sensitive unprivileged instructions. These instructions prevent the IA-64 architecture from being used for a Type I VMM. Several virtualization techniques used in some architectures are discussed to determine if these techniques could be applicable to virtualization of the IA-64 architecture. DTIC Microprocessors; Architecture (Computers)
61 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING AND SOFTWARE

Includes software engineering, computer programs, routines, algorithms, and specific applications, e.g., CAD/CAM. For computer software applied to specific applications, see also the associated category.
20010099205 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA A Semantic Interface to Scenario Component Reuse in DOD Simulation Systems Breighner, Larence A.; Mar. 20, 2001; 166p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A391941; AFIT/GCS/ENG/01M-01; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A08, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche The Department of Defense utilizes various simulation systems to model employment of forces and weapons systems in operational environments. The data files that model these environments and weapons systems are extremely large and complex, and require many person-hours to develop. Compounding the problem, these data files are distributed across multiple systems in a heterogeneous environment. Currently, there is no automated means of identifying and retrieving reusable portions of these files for reuse in a new scenario under development. This work develops a multi-agent system that catalogs the files, and provides the user with a means of identifying and retrieving reusable components. Additionally, since the format of the source files varies from simulator to simulator, process for performing scenario component transformation is developed and implemented. DTIC Computerized Simulation; Semantics; Information Retrieval; Interfaces 20010099210 Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Weapons Systems Div., Fishermans Bend, Australia Validation of the SensorVision Thermal Emission Model Duong, Ninh; Wegener, Michael; Apr. 2001; 82p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A392281; DSTO-RR-0212; DODA-AR-011-866; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A05, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche The Systems Simulation Centre of the DSTO is currently considering the implementation of a commercial-off-the-shelf software package called SensorVision to fulfil the scene generation function of an infrared hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) system. Before the software can be used for the intended application, there is a need to verify and validate the SensorVision models to ensure that the generated scenes are sufficiently realistic for HIL simulation purposes. This report discloses the results and conclusions of a validation effort focused on the SensorVision thermal emission model, which includes both the surface temperature prediction of objects and the thermal radiance calculations. It is shown that the thermal emission model employed by SensorVision has errors that can affect the level of realism associated with the generated infrared images. Unrealistic scenes can cause spurious HIL simulation results, since these infrared images are used as the primary stimuli for the system being tested. A procedure for providing confidence in HIL simulation results is recommended, involving general guidelines for simulation construction and post-processing operations to provide users with image error indications. DTIC Computerized Simulation; Scene Generation; Infrared Imagery; Systems Simulation 20010099213 California Univ., Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Santa Barbara, CA USA The Eternal System Final Report, Jan. 1997 - Sep. 2000 Moser, L. E.; Melliar-Smith, P. M.; Jun. 2001; 45p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F30602-97-1-0284; DARPA Order F161; AF Proj. F161 Report No.(s): AD-A393023; AFRL-IF-RS-TR-2001-116; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche UCSB received a 3 year grant in October 1997, to explore how distributed object applications can perform live upgrades and be made fault-tolerant by replicating their constituent objects, and distributing these replicas across different computers in the network. The technology of Eternal was submitted in response to the October 1998 Object Management Groups Request for 158
Proposals on Fault-Tolerant CORBA. A significant body of work exists in the area of fault-tolerant distributed object systems; much of this work uses object replication to provide fault tolerance. This project was different in that it focused on the degree of transparency to the CORBA application, the degree of modification to the CORBA ORB, the specific mechanisms for achieving replica consistency, and the level of replica consistency provided. Previous efforts to enhance CORBA with fault tolerance attempted to embed fault tolerance mechanisms within the ORB itself. The novel interception approach, developed with this work, allows the transparent insertion of fault tolerance mechanisms underneath the ORB. The interception approach involves capturing specific system calls or library routines used by the application, and modifying their call parameter or return values, or even the calls and routines themselves, to alter the behavior of the application. the advantages to this approach are that neither the ORB nor the objects are ever aware of being intercepted and thus, the new functionality is provided to the application in a manner that is transparent both to the application and to the ORB. DTIC Software Engineering; Fault Tolerance; Error Detection Codes; Computer Networks 20010099216 Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Software Engineering Inst., Pittsburgh, PA USA Achieving Usability Through Software Architecture Bass, Len, Carnegie-Mellon Univ., USA; John, Bonnie E., Carnegie-Mellon Univ., USA; Kates, Jesse, Carnegie-Mellon Univ., USA; March 2001; 102p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F19628-00-C-0003 Report No.(s): AD-A393059; CMU/SEI-2001-TR-005; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Microfiche; A06, Hardcopy In this report, we present an approach to improving the usability of software systems by means of software architectural decisions. We identify specific connections between aspects of usability, such as the ability to undo, and software architecture. We also formulate each aspect of usability as a scenario with a characteristic stimulus and response. For every scenario, we provide an architecture pattern that implements its aspect of usability. We then organize the usability scenarios by category. One category presents the benefits of these aspects of usability to users or their organizations. A second category presents the architecture mechanisms that directly relate to the aspects of usability. Finally, we present a matrix that correlates these two categories with the general scenarios that apply to them. DTIC Software Engineering; User Requirements; Computer Programs 20010099575 Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Software Engineering Inst., Pittsburgh, PA USA Maintaining Transactional Context: A Model Problem Final Report Plakosh, Daniel; Comella-Dorda, Santiago; Lewis, Grace Alexandra; Place, Patrick R.H.; Seacord, Robert C.; Aug. 2001; 47p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F19628-00-C-0003 Report No.(s): AD-A393721; CMU/SEI-2001-TR-012; ESC-TR-2001-012; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Due to their size and complexity, modernizing enterprise systems often requires that new functionality be developed and deployed incrementally. As modernized functionality is deployed incrementally, transactions that were processed entirely in the legacy system may now be distributed across both legacy and modernized components. In this report, we investigate the construction of adapters for a modernization effort that can maintain a transactional context between legacy and modernized components. One technique that is particularly useful in technology and product evaluations is the use of model problem: focused experimental prototypes that reveal technology/product capabilities, benefits, and limitations in well-bounded ways. This report describes a model problem used to verify that such a mechanism exists and could be used to support the modernization of a legacy system. In this report, we describe a model problem constructed to verify the feasibility of building this mechanism. We also discuss the results of our investigation including the problems we encountered during the construction of the model problem and workarounds that were discovered. DTIC Software Engineering; Information Transfer; Revisions; Information Resources Management 20010099578 State Univ. of New York, Dept. of Computer Science, Stony Brook, NY USA Heuristic Approaches to Optimization with Applications Progress Report Skiena, Steven S.; Aug. 30, 2001; 4p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N0014-97-1-0589 Report No.(s): AD-A393731; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche 159
This progress report covers the twelve months of funding on this grant since my previous progress report. This grant covers two distinct lines of work: (1) the development of algorithms and implementations of heuristic search with applications; and (2) theoretical research on combinatorial algorithms and optimization. As detailed below, substantial progress has been made in both areas since my last progress report. This grant is currently supporting two PhD students starting September 1, meeting the scheduled expenditure for this fiscal year. Our work continues to prove interesting to a large number of Navy personnel, as documented by WWW (world wide web) hits. Since March 2001, our pages have received over 6,700 .mil hits, with navy.mil being the largest identifiable component. DTIC Algorithms; Heuristic Methods; Computer Programming 20010099582 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USA Extensible Markup Language (XML) Based Analysis and Comparison of Heterogeneous Databases Halle, Robert F.; Jun. 2001; 152p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A393736; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A08, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche This thesis describes an Extensible Markup Language (XML) based analysis and comparison method that could be used to identity equivalent components of heterogeneous databases. In the Department of Defense (DoD) there currently exist multiple databases required to support command and control of some portion of the battlefield force. Interoperability between forces will become crucial as the force structure continues to be reduced. This interoperability will be facilitated through the integration of these command and control databases into a singular joint database or by developing inter-communication schema to support inter-database communications. The first step in either of these alternatives is the identification of equivalent components among the multiple databases. This thesis describes how XML can be used to facilitate the process of analyzing and comparing multiple databases. Each step of the process is described in detail accompanied by explanations of the XML tools/resources required to execute the step and rationale of why the step is necessary. Detailed graphics and examples are employed to simplify and justify the step by step explanations. The JavaScript code developed as part of the research to execute the XML based analysis is included. This thesis concludes with discussions of the overall value of this XML based analysis and comparison process and of potential future work that could be pursued to further exploit this XML analysis and comparison method. DTIC Systems Analysis; Document Markup Languages; Interoperability; High Level Languages; Relational Data Bases 20010099945 Naval Postgraduate School, Dept. of Operations Research, Monterey, CA USA A Nontangential Cutting Plane Algorithm Lawphongpanich, Siriphong; Jun. 2001; 17p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A392399; NPS-OR-01-008; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche The cutting plane algorithm typically generates cuts that are tangential, or nearly so, to the Lagrangian dual function of the underlying optimization problem. This paper demonstrates that the algorithm still converges to an optimal solution when cuts are nontangential. These cuts are generated by not solving the subproblems to optimality or nearly so. Computational results from randomly generated linear and quadratic programming problems indicate that nontangential cuts can lead to a more efficient algorithm. DTIC Algorithms; Nonlinear Programming 20010100107 Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Surveillance Systems Div., Salisbury, Australia A Unified Joint Probabilistic Data Association with Multiple Models Davey, S. J., Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Australia; Colegrove, S. B., Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Australia; July 2001; 50p; In English Report No.(s): DSTO-TR-1184; DODA-AR-011-945; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity This paper presents the theory and examples of performance for a new algorithm that tracks targets using a Multiple Model Unified joint Probabilistic Data Association (MM-UJPDA) filter. The models in the MM-UJPDA can be set to the ambiguity velocities encountered when initiating tracks on a sensor that has ambiguous velocities in its measurements. Alternately, the models can be set for tracking maneuvering targets. Thus each parallel filter in the MM-UJPDAF is assigned one of a range of possible target model parameters. The term unified summarizes a number of key features in the algorithm. These are: multiple non-uniform clutter regions, a model for a visible target to compute track confidence for track promotion, and measurement selection based on a fixed number of nearest measurements, The filter formulation used a new approach to create track clusters 160
for determining the nearby tracks that share measurements. The filters performance is demonstrated with track initiation using the multiple model and multiple target approach while for established tracking only the multiple target approach is used. Author Algorithms; Targets; Probability Theory; Tracking (Position) 20010100122 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USA Software Metrics for Post Deployment Software Support Systems: A Case Analysis for the Chemical Accountability Management Information Network Grobstein, Janet E.; Jun. 2001; 167p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A393687; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A08, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche The Clinger-Cohen Act of 1996 requires performance measurement of information technology systems. Measuring the performance of program management for the Chemical Accountability Management Information Network (CAMIN) system requires a thoughtful selection of useful metrics. The CAMIN is a complex Management Information System in the post deployment software system (PDSS) phase of the system life cycle. This research uses three primary sources for candidate metrics for a PDSS like CAMIN: 1) typical software metrics from DoD and commercial applications, 2) typical fielded software system metrics from DoD and commercial applications, and 3) case analysis of metrics currently used by CAMIN and other DoD systems in the PDSS phase. Analysis of these candidate metrics creates a concise list of combined metrics that are applicable to fielded software systems. The current primary issues of CAMIN program management establish the basis for selection of appropriate program management metrics from the candidate list. These issues are examined in a process to answer the primary research question, What are appropriate metrics and measures for management of the Chemical Accountability Management Information Network? DTIC Computer Programs; Deployment; Management Information Systems; Software Engineering; Complex Systems 20010100242 Air Force Inst. of Tech., School of Engineering and Management, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Models for Data Source Tracking with XML Yoruk, Teoman, Air Force Inst. of Tech., USA; March 2001; 155p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A391903; AFIT/GCE/ENG/01M-05; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A08, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche The Air Force Research arch Laboratory, Sensors Directorate Electronic Warfare Simulation Branch (APRL/SNZW) is responsible for developing and maintaining real-world and hypothetical scenarios for an array of threat engagement simulation systems. The general for scenario creation involves mapping from real-world databases and operations plans to specific fields in the input files represent the scenario. As part of the AFRL/SNZWs overall initiative for the development of a Concurrent Engineering Real-Time database CORrelation tool (CERCORT), as important to the scenario files themselves is the capability to trace hack to the source of data for the scenario fields. Acquiring this capability consequently results in the reusability of the old scenario components. In this research, a nascent markup technology eXtensible Markup Language (XML) and its derivative languages are studied as a basis for representing and capturing the source of data for the fields of an old scenario file and exploiting it for the creation and editing of new scenario files. DTIC Data Bases; Computerized Simulation; Memory (Computers); Threat Evaluation 20010100254 Tufts Univ., Medford, MA USA An Object Description Language for Distributed Discrete Event Simulations Andrews, Harold G.; May 24, 2001; 461p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A392322; C101-750; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A20, Hardcopy; A04, Microfiche Digital simulation is a useful tool for developing a better understanding of physical or hypothetical systems. It has been used with great success since the advent of the digital computer in such varied fields as weather prediction, planning military operations, and training. As digital computers become more capable and network communications systems more prevalent, the notion of synergistically combining the two to perform distributed simulation has led to some tremendous improvements in simulation speed and fidelity. This dissertation describes a new programming language that is useful in creating distributed discrete event simulations without burdening simulation developers with the difficult and error-prone task of synchronizing nodes in a distributed simulation. Developers can instead focus on specifying the behavior of the objects in the virtual environment with little effort devoted to lower level concerns. The language structure follows the notions of stimulus-response and completely isolates 161
simulation object instances from each other. Inter-object communication occurs solely through message passing. Several example applications are described. DTIC Digital Simulation; Computerized Simulation; Programming Languages; Virtual Reality 20010100450 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USA 3D Visualization of Tactical Communications for Planning and Operations Using Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) and Extensible 3D (X3D) Hunsberger, Michael G.; Jun. 2001; 289p; In English; Original contains color plates Report No.(s): AD-A393819; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A13, Hardcopy; A03, Microfiche The military is increasingly reliant on communication networks for day-to-day tasks as well as large-scale military operations. Tactical communications networks are growing progressively more complex as the amount of information required on the battlefield increases. Communication planners require more advanced tools to perform and manage signal-planning activities. This work examines the use of 3D visualizations to assist in tactical signal planning. These visualizations are developed using Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML), Extensible 3D (X3D) graphics, and Distributed Information Simulation (DIS) for network connectivity. These visualizations and the connectivity provide signal planners the ability to generate 3D scenarios quickly identifying problems such as frequency interference, connectivity problems, and marginal-coverage areas. Network connectivity also provides a collaborative planning environment for geographically dispersed units. The NATO Global Hub Land C2 Information Exchange Data Model (LC2IEDM) is a semantic model designed for information passing between systems. This work also examines LC2IEDM for its ability to represent tactical communication plans and facilitate the autogeneration of 3D scenarios. DTIC Military Operations; Defense Program; Communication Networks; Information Systems; Computer Programming; Virtual Reality 20010100499 Illinois Univ., Broad of Trustees, Chicago, IL USA Methods and Tools to Support Software Engineering Automation Final Report, 6 Sep. 1999-5 Jan. 2001 Shatz, Sol M., Illinois Univ., USA; Mar. 15, 2001; 4p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAD19-99-1-0350 Report No.(s): AD-A388648; ARO-40172.2-CI; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche This report summarizes the final progress on an investigation into an engineering-oriented approach for design of distributed-object software. The key results of the research are highlighted, including works published and personnel supported. DTIC Software Engineering; Research and Development; Product Development; Systems Engineering 20010100504 Information Assurance Technology Analysis Center, Falls Church, VA USA Fingerprinting Digital Circuits on Programmable Hardware Lach, John; Mangione-Smith, William H.; Potkonjak, Miodrag; Sep. 01, 1998; 17p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A389263; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Microfiche; A03, Hardcopy Advanced computer aided design (CAD) tools and high-density very large scale integration (VLSI) technologies have combined to create a new market for reusable digital designs. The economic viability of the new core-based design paradigm is pending on the development of techniques for intellectual property protection. A design watermark is a permanent identification code that is difficult to detect and remove is an integral part of the design and has only nominal impact on performances and cost of design. Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) present a particularly interesting set of problems and opportunities because of their flexibility. We propose the first technique that leverages the unique characteristics of FPGAs to protect commercial investment in intellectual property through fingerprinting. A hidden encrypted message is embedded into the physical layout of a digital circuit when it is mapped into the FPGA. This message uniquely identifies both the circuit origin and original circuit recipient yet is difficult to detect and/or remove. While this approach imposes additional constraints on the back-end CAD tools for circuit place and route experiments involving a number of industrial-strength designs indicate that the performance impact is minimal. DTIC Field-Programmable Gate Arrays; Digital Systems; Computer Programming; Circuits 162
20010100940 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USA Methods for Determining Object Correspondence During System Integration Pugh, Randolph G.; Jun. 2001; 87p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A393634; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A05, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Object correlation is a semantic comparison of exported entities from one system to imported entities of another. Current research in search algorithms and artificial intelligence methods for pattern matching can aid integrators in finding these matches. This thesis proposes a two-stage correlation process for resolving various kinds of heterogeneity found in legacy DoD systems to facilitate interoperability. A prototype built using these methods is explained, results compared to current correlation methods, and recommendations made for further improvements. The end of the Cold War and the Defense Reorganization Act of 1986 began a new era of unprecedented cooperation among the U.S. military services and our allies. Increasingly dynamic missions have required warfighters to share information quickly and seamlessly while a decreasing defense budget has left few resources to build the infrastructure needed to implement this information exchange in legacy heterogeneous data systems. One possible solution to achieving interoperability of information systems is Youngs Federated Interoperability Model. This model allows system designers to advertise the kinds of information they produce and consume and then automatically provides translation services. Before data and services can be shared, however, integrators must resolve exactly what kinds of data they are providing so that other systems in the network can decide if that data is appropriate for their use. That is the purpose of the proposed correlation algorithm. DTIC Information Retrieval; Artificial Intelligence; Systems Integration; Information Systems 20010100944 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USA Evaluation of the Extensible Markup Language (XML) as a Means of Establishing Interoperability Between Multiple Department of Defense (DoD) Databases Davis, Eddie L.; Jun. 2001; 83p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A393648; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A05, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche This thesis evaluates the ability of the Extensible Markup Language (XML) to address the interoperability problem that exists between Department Of Defense (DOD) legacy systems. Due to the different Database Management Systems (DBMS) used within DOD, interoperability is a major flaw. The need for communication between the DBMS within DOD is necessary and this thesis will focus on this problem. This thesis focuses in on the problems that exist, and assesses XML as a means of correcting these problems. This thesis uses the Joint Common Database (JCDB) as a means of showing XML to be a viable solution. DTIC Document Markup Languages; Data Base Management Systems; Correction 20010101156 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USA Dynamic Assembly for System Adaptability, Dependability and Assurance (DASADA) Project Analysis Mandak, Wayne S.; Stowell, Charles A., II; Jun. 2001; 105p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A393486; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A06, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche This thesis focuses on an analysis of the dynamic behavior of software designed for future Department of Defense systems. The DoD is aware that as software becomes more complex, it will become extremely critical to have the ability for components to change themselves by swapping or modifying components, changing interaction protocols, or changing its topology. The Defense Advanced Research Programs Agency formed the Dynamic Assembly for Systems Adaptability, Dependability, and Assurance (DASADA) program in order to task academia and industry to develop dynamic gauges that can determine run-time composition, allow for the continual monitoring of software for adaptation, and ensure that all user defined properties remain stable before and after composition and deployment. Through the study, a review of all the DASADA technologies were identified as well as a thorough analysis of all 19 project demonstrations. This thesis includes a template built using the object-oriented methodologies of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) that will allow for functional and non-functional decomposition of any DASADA software technology project. In addition, this thesis includes insightful conclusions and recommendations on those DASADA projects that warrant further study and review. DTIC Software Engineering; Architecture (Computers); Dynamic Characteristics; Measuring Instruments 20010101163 Naval Air Warfare Center, Aircraft Div., Patuxent River, MD USA Legacy Software Testing - A Current Methodology Gibson, Ralph D.; Chapman, Michael D.; Jan. 2000; 7p; In English; Prepared in collaboration with Science Applications 163
International Corp., Lexington Park, MD. Report No.(s): AD-A393530; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche In the simulation world, software upgrade is more common than new development. Thus it is extremely important to ensure proper operation of the simulation model as it is enhanced. The big question is how does one keep the current model operating correctly while adding new capabilities? The Model Development Team at the Air Combat Environment Test and Evaluation Facility, Patuxent River Naval Air Station, Maryland, has developed an approach that is useful in making sure that the current simulation model keeps its current capabilities operating correctly as well as testing any new capability that is added. The purpose of this paper is to present the approach used by the Model Development Team to answer the question put forth. This paper discusses the software development and maintenance criteria used as the overarching guide for testing. The testing process used and how this process ensures that the model meets the criteria is then given. Specific test examples and expected output are provided as a model testing approach. Finally, the future of development testing for the Model Development Team is presented. DTIC Software Engineering; Program Verification (Computers); Computer Programming; Software Reliability 20010101181 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USA System Engineering and Evolution Decision Support Final Report, 1 May 1998-30 Sep 2001 Luqi,; Sep. 30, 2001; 135p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A393623; NPS-SW-01-003; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A07, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche The objective of our effort is to develop a scientific basis for system engineering automation and decision support. This objective addresses the long term goals of increasing the quality of service provided complex systems while reducing development risks, costs, and time. Our work focused on decision support for designing operations of complex modular systems that can include embedded software. Emphasis areas included engineering automation capabilities in the areas of design modifications, design records, reuse, and automatic generation of design representations such as real-time schedules and software. DTIC Software Engineering; Systems Engineering; Decision Support Systems 20010101184 Naval Postgraduate School, Dept. of Computer Science, Monterey, CA USA Supporting the Secure Halting of User Sessions and Processes in the Linux Operating System Brock, Jerome P.; Jun. 2001; 73p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A393629; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche One feature of a multi-level operating system is a requirement to manage multiple, simultaneous user-sessions at different levels of security. This session management is performed through a trusted path between the user and operating system. Critical to this functionality is the operating systems ability to temporarily halt dormant sessions, thereby ensuring their inability to perform any actions within the system. Only when a session must be reactivated are its processes returned to a runnable state. This thesis presents an approach for adding this secure halting functionality to the Linux operating system. A detailed design for modifying the Linux kernel, the core of the operating system, is given. A new module, allowing an entire session to be halted and woken up, is designed. A new process state, the secure halt state, is added. Additionally, the kernels scheduling manager is modified to properly manage processes in the secure halt state. The research has led to the implementation of the design as a proof of concept. This research is meant to be used in combination with other efforts to enhance the security of the Linux operating system. DTIC UNIX (Operating System); Operating Systems (Computers) 20010102587 Army Research Lab., Advanced Computational and Information Sciences Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA The eXtensible Data Model and Format: A High Performance Data Hub for Connecting Parallel Codes and Tools Final Report, Sep. 2000 - Apr. 2001 Clarke, Jerry A.; Namburu, Raju; Jul. 2001; 37p; In English; Original contains color plates Report No.(s): AD-A393153; ARL-TR-2552; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche The eXtensible Data Model and Format (XDMF) provides a performance friendly system to integrate high performance computing (HPC) codes, analysis tools, and user interfaces into a single end user application. Based on industry standards, XDMF allows codes to exist in a modem computing environment with minimal modification. Instead of imposing a new programming paradigm on HPC codes, XDMF uses the existing concept of file input/output (I/O) for distributed coordination. XDMF 164
incorporates Network Distributed Global Memory (NDGM), Hierarchical Data Format version 5 (HDF5), and eXtensible Markup Language (XML) to provide a flexible yet efficient data exchange mechanism. DTIC Data Processing; Programming Languages; Reliability Analysis; Document Markup Languages; Distributed Processing 20010102674 University of Southern California, Information Sciences Inst., Marina del Rey, CA USA Knowledge Acquisition for Large Knowledge Bases: Integrating Problem-Solving Methods and Ontologies into Applications Final Report, Apr. 1997-Sep. 2000 Gil, Yolanda, University of Southern California, USA; June 2001; 124p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F30602-97-1-0195; AF Proj. IIST Report No.(s): AD-A393781; AFRL-IF-RS-TR-2001-131; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A06, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche The HPKB initiative seeks to develop large, reusable libraries of ontologies and problem-solving methods which will ease the construction and maintenance of large knowledge based systems. A critical fact of HPKB is to understand how these ontologies and problem-solving methods can be brought together to produce applications and to develop tools and techniques that support that process. DTIC Knowledge Based Systems; Problem Solving; Acquisition 20010102758 Smiths Industries, Inc., Grand Rapids, MI USA Software Partitioning Technologies Skutt, Tim; [2001]; 13p; In English; Proceedings from the 2001 Vehicle Technologies Symposium - Intelligent Systems for the Objective Force, 29-31 May 2001, USA; Sponsored by National Defense Industrial Association, USA Report No.(s): AD-A393808; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Microfiche; A03, Hardcopy This report contains a software partitioning overview, Smiths Software Partitionary technology and software partitioning in the Vetronics Domain. DTIC Software Engineering; Computer Programs; Architecture (Computers) 20010102916 Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis, MN USA Community Builder: Structuring Agent Architectures to Facilitate Domain Tasks Final Report, 15 Apr. 1998 - 14 Nov. 2000 Hayes, Caroline; Nov. 2000; 16p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-98-1-0371 Report No.(s): AD-A393643; AFRL-SR-BL-TR-01-0459; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche The results of this work include 1) Community Builder, a design methodology to assist software designers in designing mixed initiative, multi-agent intelligent decision support systems (DSSs); 2) Development of architectures for multi-agent decision support systems in several task domains and 3) Dyna-plan, a reusable framework describing the generic reasoning cycle used in most dynamic and uncertain environments. As the complexity of computing needs continually increases, multi-agent systems are becoming indispensable as approaches for making complex systems modular and manageable. However, designing effective organizations for multi-agent systems is far from simple. Each time an agent-based system is designed to support a new task, designing an effective architectural structure for the system of agents that works effectively for the task is difficult and time-consuming. The aim of the Community Builder and methodology is to provide software designers with a descriptive design methodology that will help them to identify the domain specific constraints on the agent architecture, and to organize the agents accordingly. The aim of the DynaPlan framework is to capture some of the structure common to many planning under uncertainty domains so that other developers can re-use some of the knowledge that we have gained in building related domains. DTIC Decision Support Systems; Software Engineering; Artificial Intelligence; Complex Systems 20010102918 Army Soldier and Biological Chemical Command, Soldier Systems Center, Natick, MA USA Automated Clothing Size Determination for US Coast Guard Recruits Final Report, May 2000 - Apr. 2001 Brantley, David; Aug. 19, 2001; 82p; In English; Original contains color plates Report No.(s): AD-A393633; NATICK/TR-01/15; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A05, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche The Anthropometric Measuring System (AMS) is a mechanical and electronic hardware and software system for obtaining human body measurements and determining appropriate clothing sizes based on those measurements. A field evaluation of the AMS was conducted at the Uniform Distribution Center, Coast Guard Training Center, Cape May, New Jersey, from May 2000 165
through November 2000. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the accuracy of the size prediction software, to assess the basic operation and functionality of the system, and to determine any potential for future use of the AMS by the Coast Guard. The accuracy of the AMS for the male initial issue items averaged 71% and is not good enough to recommend implementation with the current programming. Some improvements can be made with adjustments to the AMS size programming based on this test. The next step in preparing the AMS for operational use in the clothing issue process is to determine what adjustments need to be made to the sizing programming, and then make those changes in the system. Detailed, standard measurement definitions and procedure% as well as detailed, standard fit criteria and procedures must also be established and documented. Once that is complete, another phase of testing should be done to validate the new programming and standard procedures. DTIC Human Body; Computer Programs; Clothing; Anthropometry; Body Size (Biology) 20010102930 Naval Postgraduate School, Software Engineering Automation Center, Monterey, CA USA Engineering Automation for Reliable Software Interim Report, 1 Oct. 2000 - 30 Sep. 2001 Luqi; Sep. 2001; 128p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A393509; NPS-SW-01-004; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A07, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche The objective of our effort is to develop a scientific basis for producing reliable software that is also flexible and cost effective for the DoD distributed software domain. This objective addresses the long term goals of increasing the quality of service provided by complex systems while reducing development risks, costs, and time. Our work focuses on wrap and glue technology based on a domain specific distributed prototype model. The key to making the proposed approach reliable, flexible, and cost-effective is the automatic generation of glue and wrappers based on a designers specification. The wrap and glue approach allows system designers to concentrate on the difficult interoperability problems and defines solutions in terms of deeper and more difficult interoperability issues, while freeing designers from implementation details. Specific research areas for the proposed effort include technology enabling rapid prototyping, inference for design checking, automatic program generation, distributed real-time scheduling, wrapper and glue technology, and reliability assessment and improvement. The proposed technology will be integrated with past research results to enable a quantum leap forward in the state of the art for rapid prototyping. DTIC Prototypes; Real Time Operation; Interoperability; Complex Systems; Reliability Analysis 20010103255 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USA User-Centered Iterative Design of a Collaborative Virtual Environment Boswell, James E.; Mar. 2001; 119p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A391724; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A06, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche Most tasks that are desirable to train in a virtual environment are not tasks that we do alone, but rather are executed collaboratively with one or more team members. Yet little is known about how to construct virtual environment training systems that support collaborative behavior. The purpose of this thesis was to explore methodologies for developing collaborative virtual environments for training. Our approach centered on analyzing task or training specific requirements for the simulation environment. We applied user-centered design techniques to analyze the cognitive processes of collaborative way finding to develop interface design guidelines. We utilized the results of our analysis to propose a general model of collaborative way finding. This model emphasizes team collaboration and interaction in problem solving and decision-making. We tested the model in the field, using cognitive task analysis methods to study land navigators. This study was intended to validate the use of user-centered design methodologies for the design of collaborative virtual environments. Our findings provide information useful to design, ranging from model enhancement to interface development. We have explored the cognitive aspects of collaborative human way finding and design for collaborative virtual environments. Further investigation of design paradigms should include cognitive task analysis and behavioral task analysis. DTIC Distributed Interactive Simulation; Virtual Reality; Education; Navigators 20010103259 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA Process Accessing Library (PAL): An Approach to Interprocess Communication Final Report, une 2000-Jan. 2001 Betten, Steven G.; May 2001; 26p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAD17-00-P-0960 Report No.(s): AD-A391757; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Interprocess communication is a topic of study in the high performance computing community because of its applications in runtime analysis and code coupling. Existing approaches to such communication include sockets, message passing, shared 166
memory, and distributed shared memory. Proposed is a process accessing approach in which a program directly accesses desired data in the working memory of another program. This approach has its origins in debugger programs, which access the working memory of the program they are debugging. Major benefits of the process accessing model are that it provides access to computational results without pausing computations, it uses a minimal amount of memory, and it requires only trivial modifications to the computational code in order to access its working memory. The process accessing library (PAL) is an implementation of the process accessing approach. DTIC Data Processing; Distributed Memory; Computer Programs; Libraries; Interprocessor Communication 20010103264 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USA The Design and Implementation of a Real-Time Distributed Application Emulator Drake, Timothy S.; Mar. 2001; 135p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A391772; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A07, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche This thesis details the engineering, design and implementation of a real-time, distributed, application emulator system (AE system). The project had two main goals for the tool: emulation of real-time distributed systems, and as a programmable resource consumer. The AE system is currently being used in the HiPer-D test bed to activate a resource leveling tool that monitors several software components for real-time response. The AE system is highly flexible and can be used in the context of a variety of network topologies and system loading options. The results presented show that the AE system can also emulate distributed systems. DTIC Systems Engineering; Real Time Operation; Computer Programs; Topology 20010103537 National Inst. of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD USA Modes of Operation Validation System (MOVS): Requirements and Procedures Keller, Sharon; Smid, Miles; Feb. 1998; 154p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A391530; NIST-SP-800-17; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A08, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Modes of Operation Validation System (MOVS) specifies the procedures involved in validating implementations of the DES algorithm in FIPS PUB 46-2 The Data Encryption Standard (DES) and the Skipjack algorithm in FIPS PUB 185, Escrowed Encryption Standard (ESS). The MOVS is designed to perform automated testing on Implementations Under Test (IUTs). This publication provides brief overviews of the DES and Skipjack algorithms and introduces the basic design and configuration of the MOVS. Included in this overview are the specifications for the two categories of tests which make up the MOVS, i.e., the Known Answer tests and the Modes tests. The requirements and administrative procedures to be followed by those seeking formal NIST validation of an implementation of the DES or Skipjack algorithm are presented. The requirements described include the specific protocols for communication between the IUT and the MOVS, the types of tests which the IUT must pass for formal NIST validation, and general instructions for accessing and interfacing with the MOVS. An appendix with tables of values and results for the DES and Skipjack Known Answer tests is also provided. DTIC Cryptography; Program Verification (Computers); Computer Information Security 20010105185 Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM USA Meta-Component Architecture for Software Interoperability Sauer, L. D.; Clay, R. L.; Armstrong, R. C.; Aug. 28, 2000; 12p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-761881; SAND2000-2146C; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche Most existing software is one-of-a-kind monolithic, non-interoperable, and consequently, non-reusable. In addition, this software is difficult to maintain, improve, and scale. More importantly, this software is vital to many enterprises and institutions. Thus, enterprises must continuously make trade-off decisions between developing new software and maintaining existing software. The meta-component architecture (Component Mill) presented in this paper will enable enterprises to continue using existing software while providing a mechanism to migrate the software into a format (meta-component) that supports software integration and reuse. This architecture provides the blueprint for realizing an environment that supports exposing existing software for reuse with other (heterogeneous) software while allowing software development based on reuse. NTIS Architecture (Computers); Computer Programs; Interoperability; Software Engineering 167
20010105189 Department of Energy, Washington, DC USA Windows Calorimeter Control (WinCal) program computer software configuration management plan Mar. 26, 1997; 19p Report No.(s): DE2001-16925; HNF-SD-CP-CSCM-010; DE98059771,EW3135040; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche This document describes the system configuration management activities performed in support of the Windows Calorimeter Control (WinCal) system, in accordance with WHC-CM-3-10, Software Practices, Section SP-6.1, and Appendix L. These company procedures are based on Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) Standard 828-1990, Standard for Software Configuration Management (IEEE 1987). Because of the conformance to the IEEE standards and because of the correlation of IEE with International Standards Organization (ISO) Quality Management and Quality Assurance Standards, ISO 9000-3, Guidelines for the Application of ISO 9001 for the Development, Supply, and Maintenance of Software (ISO 1991), this software configuration management plan is also likely to comply with ISO 9000-3 (ISO 1991). NTIS Calorimeters; Quality Control; Configuration Management; Management Planning 20010105248 California Univ., Lawrence Berkeley Lab., Berkeley, CA USA Evaluation of the Parallel Shift-and-Invert Lanczos Method Wu, K.; Simon, H.; Apr. 30, 1999; 7p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-771664; LBNL-43178; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge When the Lanczos method is used to compute eigenvalues, it is often restarted or used with the shift-and-invert scheme. The restarted scheme usually uses less memory but the shift-and-invert scheme is more robust. In addition, the shift-and-invert Lanczos method requires accurate solutions of a series of linear systems. Parallel software packages suitable for these linear systems are only started to become available. In this talk, we will present our evaluation of two such packages and briefly examine when it is necessary to use the shift-and-invert scheme. NTIS Eigenvalues; Applications Programs (Computers); Linear Systems; Parallel Processing (Computers)
62 COMPUTER SYSTEMS
Includes computer networks and distributed processing systems. For information systems see 82 Documentation and Information Science. For computer systems applied to specific applications, see the associated category.
20010099573 Department of the Navy, Washington, DC USA Systems and Technical Architectures Weisskopf, Mike; May 30, 2001; 14p; In English; Proceedings from the Navy Interoperability Workshop, 30-31 May 2001 sponsored by NDIA. Contains all viewgraphs. Report No.(s): AD-A393710; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche This set of viewgraphs contains information about systems and technical architectures as presented at the NDIA (National Defense Industrial Association) Navy Interoperability Workshop. DTIC Defense Program; Interoperability; Architecture (Computers) 20010099576 Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Software Engineering Inst., Pittsburgh, PA USA Proceedings of the Real-Time Systems Engineering Workshop Meyers, B. C.; Feiler, Peter H.; Marz, Ted; Aug. 2001; 35p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F19628-00-C-0003 Report No.(s): AD-A393723; CMU/SEI-2001-SR-022; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche This report presents the results of a workshop on the topic of real-time systems engineering. The workshop was held as part of the SEI (Software Engineering Institution) Symposium in Washington, DC, during September 2000. The objective of the workshop was to identify key issues and obtain feedback from attendees concerning real-time systems engineering. Two broad keynote presentations were presented, followed by topical presentations concerning predictability, fault tolerance, and 168
interoperability. This report summarizes the workshop in terms of foundation, management, and technical topics, and it contains a discussion related to developing a community of interest for real-time systems engineering. DTIC Conferences; Real Time Operation; Software Engineering; Systems Engineering 20010099577 Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Software Engineering Inst., Pittsburgh, PA USA Spiral Development and Evolutionary Acquisition Hansen, W. J.; Foreman, J. T.; Albert, C. C.; Brownsword, L. L.; Forrester, E. C.; Aug. 2001; 78p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F19628-95-C-0003 Report No.(s): AD-A393726; CMU/SEI-SR-005; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A05, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche The evolutionary acquisition strategy has been promulgated by the forthcoming DoD Instruction 5000.2. It introduces innovations throughout the acquisition cycle: before a contract is considered, technology readiness guides the choice of experiments; contracts are let for one or more blocks; and progress within each block is managed with spiral development. There is some confusion as to the nature of evolutionary acquisition and spiral development and their relationship. to address these problems, a workshop was held September 13-15, under joint sponsorship of the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Science and Technology, the Software Engineering Institute, and the Center for Software Engineering. This report summarizes the workshop and presents its recommendations. Themes appearing in the workshop presentations included the lack of understanding of the definitions of evolutionary acquisition and spiral development, some extensions to these definitions, the barriers imposed by existing funding and contracting policies, the need for teamwork among all stakeholders, and the role of education and training in acculturation. Work groups at the workshop recommended specific actions aimed at building and spreading a culture for evolutionary acquisition and spiral development. These actions can be grouped under the topics of improvements to contract models, revision of funding approaches, adaptation of acquisition policies, enhancement of integrated product teams, training and acculturation of participants, and studies of evolutionary acquisition and spiral development to validate and improve them. DTIC Procurement; Technology Assessment; Military Technology; Software Engineering; Conferences 20010099692 Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Information Technology Div., Salisbury, Australia Formalization of Public Key Infrastructures Ozols, Maris; Cant, Tony; Liu, Chuchang; Henderson, Marie; Apr. 2001; 49p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A392288; DSTO-RR-0202; DODA-AR-011-780; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Public key technology within a Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) has been widely promoted to support secure digital communications. However, imprecise specifications for PKIs, which are usually written in a natural language, have led to varying implementation and interpretations of conformance. There have also been cases where defects have been identified years later, some of which were serious and could cause incorrect acceptance of certification paths. In this paper we provide a formal solution to the PKI specification dilemma by introducing a state-based model for the description of the architecture of a PKI and related functions. We propose a formal approach to the representation of, and reasoning about, the behavior and security properties of PKIs, and also give a framework for mechanizing our theory in the Isabelle theorem prover. With our method, the essential aspects of PKIs can be clearly formulated, facilitating the testing and analysis of their implementations in a more rigorous and well defined way. DTIC Data Processing; Pulse Communication; Security 20010100109 Naval War Coll., Newport, RI USA Network Centric Warfare and Command and Control: Rethinking Organizational Architecture Final Report Washington, Julius C.; May 2001; 26p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A393553; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche We know from history that the ability of a military commander to effectively control his forces was forever changed by the French Revolution and the levee en masse. Thereafter, the sheer size and dispersion of forces made it necessary to subdivide them, and eventually to institute a rigid organizational system that has become increasingly more complex. Communications became extremely difficult with the available signal technology, making it almost impossible to synchronize these widely dispersed forces. The subsequent arrival of the telegraph vastly improved military communications, and today forces of almost unlimited size and separation routinely share information and intelligence in near-real time. From the late 20th century explosion in information and computing technology emerges the concept of Network Centric Warfare. Network Centric Warfare applies the vast potential of 169
the Information Age to warfare, envisioning a netted battle force executing high-speed, synchronized operations with precise effect. Rich, scalable visualizations that reflect all relevant factors in the battlespace, or Common Operating Pictures (COPs) as they have been coined, become the essential element of USA military power in the 21st century. DTIC Information Systems; Command and Control; Telegraph Systems 20010100497 General Accounting Office, Accounting and Information Div., Washington, DC USA INFORMATION SECURITY: Computer Attacks at Department of Defense Pose Increasing Risks May 1996; 48p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A389084; GAO/AIMD-96-84; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche In view of the increasing threat of unauthorized intrusions into Department of Defense (DoD) computer systems, you asked us to report on the extent to which Defense computer systems are being attacked, the actual and potential damage to its information and systems, and the challenges Defense is facing in securing sensitive information. This report identifies opportunities and makes recommendations to the Secretary of Defense to improve Defenses efforts to counter attacks on its computer systems. We are sending copies of the report to the Senate Committee on Armed Services and the House Committee on National Security; the Senate Committee on Appropriations, Subcommittee on Defense, and the House Committee on Appropriations, Subcommittee on National Security; the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence and the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence; the Secretary of Defense; the secretaries of the military services; and the Director, Defense Information Systems Agency. Copies will also be made available to others upon request. DTIC Congressional Reports; Defense Program; Computer Information Security; USA; Security; Electronic Countermeasures 20010100509 Army Research Lab., Sensors Directorate, Adelphi, MD USA Security on the Desktop. Fighting the Enemy Within Jun. 15, 1999; 10p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A391506; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche This report concerns the Army XXI, its technology and forecasts into the future. It discusses how the incorporation of digital technology across all of our battlefield systems will give commanders and soldiers unprecedented capability to gather and share tactical information. DTIC Computer Information Security; Digital Systems; Technological Forecasting 20010102549 Air Force Information Warfare Center, San Antonio, TX USA Concept of Operations for a Corporate Information Protection Program Sutterfield, Lee; Jan. 1995; 9p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A391252; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche The Dods efforts in the late sixties and seventies to develop a robust computer communications network capability has evolved into todays Internet. Amid all the discussion of the utility of the Internet for business and government there seems to be growing consensus on only one issue - security is a problem. The ARPANET, from which the Internet has grown, was built to survive large scale war in a physical domain. Todays level of unauthorized and increasingly malicious activity occurring within corporate and worldwide internets threatens the value of internetworking. DTIC Interprocessor Communication; Defense Program; Computer Information Security; ARPA Computer Network 20010102921 Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Inc., McLean, VA USA Department of Defense Public Key Infrastructure Token Protection Profile. Version 2.0 Cleveland, Tamara; Alexander, Michael; Ganguly, Asok; Green, Brian; Schneider, Edward; Mar. 12, 2001; 134p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A393564; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A07, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche This protection profile (PP) was developed to identify and set forth the security requirements for a Department of Defense (DoD) Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) Token based on Version 2.1 of the Common Criteria, International Standard 15408. DTIC Security; Protection; Defense Program 170
20010103072 Virginia Univ., School of Engineering and Applied Science, Charlottesville, VA USA Assessing and Managing Risks to Information Assurance: A Methodological Approach Lamm, George A.; May 2001; 306p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A391850; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A14, Hardcopy; A03, Microfiche Recent events such as the Yahoo! denial-of-service attack and the I Love you virus have sparked a dramatic interest in information assurance (IA) and the future security of information infrastructures. Information systems are facing an increase in interconnectedness, interdependency and complexity. Information assurance attempts to answer critical questions of trust and credibility associated with our digital environment and it represents a myriad of considerations and decisions that transcend technological advancement, legal, political, economic, social, cultural, institutional, organizational, and educational dimensions. Despite spending millions of dollars on firewalls, encryption technologies, and intrusion detection software, information infrastructure vulnerabilities and incidents continue to happen. These trends have a significant impact on military operations in the next decades. DTIC Information Systems; Computer Information Security; Computer Viruses; Risk
20010103265 Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Harvard-mit Div. of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA USA Reconfigurable Network of Networks for Multiscale Computing Annual Report, 10 Apr. 2000-9 Apr. 2001 Sutton, Jeffrey P.; Apr. 23, 2001; 16p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-99-1-0884 Report No.(s): AD-A391776; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche The Network of Networks (NoN) model, which is a neurobiologically motivated smart algorithm co-developed by the PI, is being applied for rapid and accurate image processing of forward and side scan sonar images in turbid environments. The model is also being used as a platform for rapid distributed communications for autonomous vehicles. Both of these applications build upon unique features of the NoN for reconfigurable computing across multiple scales of organization, and the approach has direct relevance to several enabling technologies for Future Naval Capabilities. DTIC Image Processing; Neural Nets; Machine Learning; Sonar
20010103540 Air Force Space Command, Peterson AFB, CO USA USA Space Command (USSPACECOM). Concept of Operations (CONOPS) For Computer Network Defense (CND) Oct. 01, 1999; 115p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A391518; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A06, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche This section provides the purpose of the CND CONOPS, reviews the authority for CONOPS publication and describes the USSPACECOM focus and objectives for the CND mission. In addition, this section provides background information on the threat to U.S. national security and computer networks and a brief overview of the operating environment of the Defense Information Infrastructure (DII). The 1999 Unified Command Plan (UCP) assigns the Commander in Chief, USA Space Command (USCINCSPACE) as the military lead for CND and Computer Network Attack (CNA) of DII. USCINCSPACE will assume responsibility for CND beginning 1 October 1999 and for CNA on 1 October 2000. This CONOPS describes how USCINCSPACE will execute responsibilities for the CND mission. A separate CNA CONOPS will be published in 2000 detailing USSPACECOM execution of the CNA mission. DTIC Computer Networks; Computer Information Security
20010103542 Department of the Navy, Washington, DC USA Computer Incident Response Guidebook: Module 19 Information Systems Security (INFOSEC) Program Guidelines Aug. 1996; 33p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A391505; NAVSO-P-5239-19; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche The USA Government is faced with a new and gigantic challenge---that of Information Warfare. U.S. military computers in particular contain information of great value to adversaries of the U.S. and to information brokers who sell information they obtain to other governments and organizations. These same computers often support critical computing activities such as command and control, target tracking, logistics, and control of weapons systems (including systems on Naval vessels and aircraft). 171
Many sensitive unclassified DoN systems connect to the MILNET, (a backbone that ties military networks together all over the world) or the Internet (a backbone that ties all types of networks together throughout the world). DTIC Information Systems; Computer Information Security; Internets; Military Operations
20010104071 Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Inc., McLean, VA USA Engineering Principles for Information Technology Security (A Baseline for Achieving Security) Stoneburner, Gary; Hayden, Clark; Feringa, Alexis; Jun. 2001; 32p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A393550; NIST-800-27; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche The purpose of the Engineering Principles for Information Technology (IT) Security (HP-ITS) is to present a list of system-level security principles to he considered in the design, development, and operation of an information system. Ideally, the principles presented here would he used from the onset of a program-at the beginning of, or during the design phase- and then employed throughout the systems life-cycle. However, these principles are also helpful in affirming and confirming the security posture of already deployed information systems. The principles are short and concise and can he used by organizations to develop their system life-cycle policies. DTIC Security; Information Systems; Policies
20010104669 Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Inc., McLean, VA USA Advisory Memorandum on Web Browser Security Vulnerabilities Aug. 2000; 9p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A393619; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Virtually all major Web browsers have significant security flaws, making it possible for hackers to attack. These attacks run the gamut from simple denial of service, through theft of files and personal information, to full- fledged system penetration permitting the attacker to delete files, insert viruses, change information, and leave hidden monitoring programs. But Web browsers offer tremendous convenience and productivity advantages and their use will only accelerate in both industry and government. 2. This NSTISSAM outlines some of the steps you can take to lower your risk when browsing the Web and discusses the benefits and consequences of the security measures. DTIC Security; Risk; Data Processing
20010104673 RAND Corp., Arroyo Center, Santa Monica, CA USA Army Biometric Applications: Identifying and Addressing Sociocultural Concerns Woodward, John D., Jr.; Webb, Katharine W.; Newton, Elaine M.; Bradley, Melissa; Rubenson, David; Jan. 2001; 203p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DASW01-96-C-0004 Report No.(s): AD-A393724; RAND/MR-1237-A; ISBN 0-8330-2985-1; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A10, Hardcopy; A03, Microfiche The U.S. Army has a growing need to control access to its systems in times of both war and peace. In wartime, the Armys dependence on information as a tactical and strategic asset requires the Army to carefully control its battlefield networks. From logistics flows to intelligence on enemy forces, the Army depends on confining access to its data to authorized personnel. This need for access control is also critical at the weapon system level. Access control issues are important to the peacetime Army because improving the efficiency of peacetime operations, including controlling access to facilities, computer systems, and classified information, depends on fast and accurate identification. The Army also operates a vast set of human resource services involving health care, retiree and dependent benefits, and troop support services. These services create the need for positive identification to prevent fraud and abuse. DTIC Security; Biometrics; Support Systems; Warfare; Data Processing 172
63 CYBERNETICS, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ROBOTICS

Includes feedback and control theory, information theory, machine learning, and expert systems. For related information see also 54 Man/System Technology and Life Support.
20010100243 Air Force Inst. of Tech., School of Engineering and Management, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA A Radial Basis Function Neural Network Approach to Two-Color Infrared Missile Detection Chan, Kin-Weng, Air Force Inst. of Tech., USA; Mar. 12, 2001; 100p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A391929; AFIT/GE/ENG/01M-05; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A05, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche Multicolor infrared imaging missile-warning systems require real-time detection techniques that can process the wide instantaneous field of regard of focal plane array sensors with a low false alarm rate. Current technology applies classical statistical methods to this problem and ignores neural network techniques. Thus the research reported here is novel in that it investigates the use of radial basis function (RBF) neural networks to detect sub-pixel missile signatures. An RBF neural network is designed and trained to detect targets in two-color infrared imagery using a recently developed regression tree algorithm. Features are calculated for 3 by 3 pixel sub-images in each color band and concatenated into a vector as input to the network. The RBF network responds with a value of unity to feature vectors representing missiles and with zero to vectors representing background. Images are thresholded prior to application to the trained RBF network to narrow the field of interest of the RBF network and increase missile detection speed. The RBF network-based technique then generates potential target locations and probabilities that the locations correspond to missiles. Results show that the RBF network-based technique operates in near teal-time and detects 100% of the missiles in data that was not used in training Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves show that overly high classification thresholds can exceed the RBF network response for a true missile and result in non-detection. However, these ROC curves also show that adaptive control of the classification threshold on the RBF network output can reduce the number of false alarms to zero. DTIC Neural Nets; Infrared Imagery; Missile Detection; Color; Imaging Techniques 20010101159 Catania Univ., Italy Proceedings of the 2000 6th IEEE International Workshop on Cellular Neural Networks and their Applications (CNNA 2000) May 25, 2000; 455p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F61775-00-W-F055 Report No.(s): AD-A393507; IEEE-00TH8509; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A20, Hardcopy; A04, Microfiche The Final Proceedings for 6th Intl. Workshop on Cellular Neural Networks & Applications, 23-25 May 2000 This is an interdisciplinary conference. Topics include basic theory of cellular nonlinear spatiotemporal phenomena, physical implementations (VLSI, Optical, Nanotechnology), CNN computers, biologically inspired intelligent robots, and sensor networks for data fusion and real time control. DTIC Neural Nets; Pattern Recognition; Control; Multisensor Fusion 20010103244 Pennsylvania State Univ., Dept. of Electrical Engineering, University Park, PA USA The Use of Automated Critics to Improve the Fusion of Marginal Sensors for ATR and IFFN Applications Miller, David J.; Hall, David L.; Jan. 1999; 12p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): IIS-9624870 Report No.(s): AD-A391665; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche A basic goal of multi-sensor data fusion is to increase the accuracy and reliability of inferences by combining data and information from multiple sources. In particular, applications such as automatic target recognition (ATR) and identification-friend-foe-neutral (IFFN) processing seek to characterize, classify, and ultimately identify targets of interest such as aircraft, tanks, or enemy units. Ideally, the use of multi-sensor data from non-commensurate sensors (viz., sensors observing fundamentally different physical phenomena) would improve the ability to identify targets by broadening the physical baseline of observation. For example, the use of a combination of acoustic, seismic, infra-red, and radar data has the potential to improve the ability to characterize ground-based targets. In addition, the use of a broad range of physical measurements improves the ability to counter an enemys information warfare efforts. There are several circumstances, however, in which the fusion of multi-sensor data actually produces worse results (on average) than can be achieved by an individual sensor. That is, the fused results are less accurate and less reliable than those of the best individual contributing sensor. As one example, sensor data may be incorrectly 173
weighted, due to a lack of knowledge of the dynamic sensor performance in realistic operating conditions. Another example most germane to the present work is the case where decisions from one or more of the contributing sensors have accuracy less than 50 percent. It is well-known that decision-level fusion schemes, such as voting techniques, produce unreliable results when the accuracy of the contributing sensors is less than 50 percent. Unfortunately, such relatively poor performance is not uncommon in applications such as IFFN and ATR. This is particularly true in anticipated information warfare conditions. DTIC Multisensor Fusion; Radar Data; Target Recognition; Multisensor Applications 20010104661 Washington Univ., Dept. of Systems Science and Mathematics, Saint Louis, MO USA Nonlinear Control Systems Final Report, 1 Dec. 1997-30 Nov. 2000 Byrnes, Christopher I.; Isidori, Alberto; Mar. 25, 2001; 64p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-98-1-0170 Report No.(s): AD-A391461; 22-1345-59288; AFRL-SR-BL-TR-01-0366; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche In this report we summarize our recent research on the development of a systematic methodology for the design of feedback laws achieving stabilization and regulation of nonlinear control systems. We consider the stabilization and control of both lumped nonlinear systems and nonlinear distributed parameter systems. The principal control objective is output regulation, the ability of the output of a system to track a desired signal while rejecting signals produced by a known exogenous system. This objective must also be achieved in a manner that is robust with respect to variation in unknown plant parameters; i.e., we develop a methodology for output regulation that is robust against real parametric uncertainty. DTIC Nonlinear Systems; Control Theory; Systems Analysis; Control Systems Design
64 NUMERICAL ANALYSIS
Includes iteration, differential and difference equations, and numerical approximation.
20010102596 Institute for Computer Applications in Science and Engineering, Hampton, VA USA On the Definition of Surface Potentials for Finite-Difference Operators Final Report Tsynkov, S. V., Institute for Computer Applications in Science and Engineering, USA; September 2001; 30p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAS1-97046; RTOP 505-90-52-01 Report No.(s): NASA/CR-2001-211059; NAS 1.26:211059; ICASE-2001-23; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche For a class of linear constant-coefficient finite-difference operators of the second order, we introduce the concepts similar to those of conventional single- and double-layer potentials for differential operators. The discrete potentials are defined completely independently of any notion related to the approximation of the continuous potentials on the grid. We rather use all approach based on differentiating, and then inverting the differentiation of a function with surface discontinuity of a particular kind, which is the most general way of introducing surface potentials in the theory of distributions. The resulting finite-difference surface potentials appear to be solutions of the corresponding continuous potentials. Primarily, this pertains to the possibility of representing a given solution to the homogeneous equation on the domain as a variety of surface potentials, with the density defined on the domains boundary. At the same time the discrete surface potentials can be interpreted as one specific realization of the generalized potentials of Calderons type, and consequently, their approximation properties can be studied independently in the framework of the difference potentials method by Ryabenkii. The motivation for introducing and analyzing the discrete surface potentials was provided by the problems of active shielding and control of sound, in which the aforementioned source terms that drive the potentials are interpreted as the acoustic control sources that cancel out the unwanted noise on a predetermined region of interest. Author Discontinuity; Boundaries; Differential Equations; Finite Difference Theory; Operators (Mathematics) 20010103230 Maryland Univ. Baltimore County, Catonsville, MD USA Conference on p and hp Finite Element Methods: Mathematics and Engineering Practice. Summaries of Papers Final Report, 15 Feb.-30 Nov. 2000 Suri, Manil, Maryland Univ. Baltimore County, USA; Jul. 27, 2001; 141p; In English 174
Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-00-1-0165 Report No.(s): AD-A393752; AFRL-SR-BL-TR-01-0444; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A07, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche This document contains the abstracts of all papers presented at pFEM2000. The abstracts are listed in alphabetical order of first author of each paper, started with the Plenary Talks, followed by the Parallel Talks. These papers deal with the application of numerical methods to engineering problems. Derived from text Conferences; Finite Element Method; Engineering; Abstracts
65 STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

Includes data sampling and smoothing; Monte Carlo method; time series and analysis; and stochastic processes.
20010099581 Shield Rite, Inc., Albuquerque, NM USA Statistical Electromagnetics Final Report, Mar. 1995-Jan. 1998 Holland, Richard; St John, Richard; Jan. 14, 1998; 268p; In English; Original contains color plates Contract(s)/Grant(s): F29601-95-C-0045; AF Proj. 3005 Report No.(s): AD-A393735; AFRL-DE-PS-TR-1998-1025; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A12, Hardcopy; A03, Microfiche Deterministic treatment of High-Power Microwaves or Radio-Frequency Interference internal coupling to wiring and cabling of highly overmoded enclosures is too detailed to be practical. However, statistical models thrive on complexity. In this report, cable current distributions on the ElectroMagnetic Pulse Test AirCraft airframe, a Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) bus, and the Celestron 8 satellite telescope are modeled statistically when illumination is external and penetration is through apertures or cables entering from the exterior. The observed field power fluxes and cable powers are tested against a chi-square distribution with two degrees of freedom , a beta distribution, a log-normal distribution, and a curious hybrid distribution due to Lehman, which would pertain to a variate which is the product of two chi-square distributions, one having two, and the other six, degrees of freedom. We demonstrate that, if the enclosure cables are modeled with a simulated drive having a Lehman distribution, it is possible to replicate the experimentally observed power distribution within a factor of two, although cable powers themselves look more like a chi-square distribution than a Lehman distribution. We have also constructed a hardware/software assembly incorporating a Pentium PC and an HP8753 Network Analyzer which can (1) illuminate an enclosure externally with 1 watt of power, (2) can measure the field, or cable current, response inside the enclosure, and (3) compares experiment with theory. DTIC Electromagnetic Fields; Distribution Functions; Radio Frequency Interference; Microwaves 20010104067 Purdue Univ., Dept. of Statistics, West Lafayette, IN USA On Empirical Bayes Procedures for Selecting Good Populations in Positive Exponential Family Gupta, Shanti S.; Li, Jian-Jun; Aug. 2001; 23p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAD19-00-1-0502 Report No.(s): AD-A393488; TR-01-10; ARO-40940.5-MA; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche The problem of selecting good ones compared with a control from k(greater than or equal to 2) positive exponential family populations is considered in this paper. A nonparametric empirical Bayes approach is used to construct the selection procedures. It has been shown that the risks of the empirical Bayes procedures converge to the (minimum) Bayes risk with a rate of O(1/n), where n is the number of accumulated past observations at hand. Simulations were carried out to study the performance of the procedures for small to moderate values of n. The results of this study are provided in the paper. DTIC Bayes Theorem; Populations; Nonparametric Statistics 20010105253 Oak Ridge National Lab., TN USA Benchmarking Monte Carlo Codes for Criticality Safety Using Subcritical Measurements Valentine, T. E.; Oct. 23, 2000; 5p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-771587; P00-108268; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge Monte Carlo codes that are used for criticality safety evaluations are typically validated using critical experiments in which the neutron multiplication factor is unity. However, the conditions for most fissile material operations do not coincide to those 175
of the critical experiments. This paper demonstrates that Monte Carlo methods and nuclear data can be validated using subcritical measurements whose conditions may coincide more closely to actual configurations of fissile material. NTIS Fissionable Materials; Monte Carlo Method; Computer Programs; Safety 20010105284 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USA Adaptively Learning an Importance Function Using Transport Constrained Monte Carlo Booth, T. E.; Jun. 22, 1998; 18p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-762104; LA-UR-98-4755; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche It is well known that a Monte Carlo estimate can be obtained with zero-variance if an exact importance function for the estimate is known. There are many ways that one might iteratively seek to obtain an ever more exact importance function. This paper describes a method that has obtained ever more exact importance functions that empirically produce an error that is dropping exponentially with computer time. The method described herein constrains the importance function to satisfy the (adjoint) Boltzmann transport equation. This constraint is provided by using the known form of the solution, usually referred to as the Case eigenfunction solution. NTIS Boltzmann Transport Equation; Monte Carlo Method; Eigenvectors 66 SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND OPERATIONS RESEARCH
Includes mathematical modeling of systems; network analysis; mathematical programming; decision theory; and game theory.
20010100500 Joint Test Force, Kirtland AFB, NM USA A Test Planning Methodology From Concept Development Through Test Execution, 1 Oct. 1994-31 Mar. 2000 Reeves, John, Joint Test Force, USA; McKee, Larry, Joint Test Force, USA; November 1999; 64p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A388630; JT&E-TR-99-020; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche The Joint Advanced Distributed Simulation (JADS) Joint Test and Evaluation was chartered by the Deputy Director, Test, Systems Engineering, and Evaluation (Test and Evaluation), Office of the Under Secretary of Defense (Acquisition and Technology) in October 1994 to investigate the utility of advanced distributed simulation (ADS) technologies for support of development test and evaluation and operational test and evaluation. This special report outlines the steps in planning and implementing ADS-based testing. The methodology is divided into two parts: an ADS-inclusive test concept development methodology and an ADS-based test planning and implementation methodology. The objective of the test concept development methodology is to determine whether ADS-based testing is either required or desired. If the decision is made to implement ADS-based testing, then the ADS-based test planning and implementation methodology should be followed. DTIC Evaluation; Defense Program; Planning; USA; Test Facilities 67 THEORETICAL MATHEMATICS
Includes algebra, functional analysis, geometry, topology set theory, group theory and and number theory.
20010104350 Center for Mathematics and Computer Science, Amsterdam Netherlands Diagonalizable Extended Backward Differentiation Formulas Frank, J. E.; van der Houwen, P. J.; Jul. 1999; 22p Report No.(s): PB2001-108636; MAS-R9917; Copyright; Avail: National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Microfiche We generalize the extended backward differentiation formulas (EBDFs) introduced by Cash and by Psihoyios and Cash such that the system matrix in the modified Newton process can be block-diagonalized. This enables an efficient parallel implementation. We construct methods which are L-stable up to order p=6 with the same computational complexity per processor as the conventional BDF methods. Numerical experiments with the order 6 method show that a speedup factor between 2 and 4 on four processors can be expected. NTIS Backward Differencing; Numerical Analysis; Boundary Value Problems 176
20010105272 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USA Discontinuous Galerkin for Stiff Hyperbolic Systems Lowrie, R. B.; Morel, J. E.; Jun. 27, 1999; 13p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-761235; LA-UR-99-2097; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge A Discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method is applied to hyperbolic systems that contain stiff relaxation terms. We demonstrate that when the relaxation time is under-resolved, DG is accurate in the sense that the method accurately represents the systems Chapman-Enskog approximation. Moreover, we demonstrate that a high-resolution, finite-volume method using the same time-integration method as DG is very inaccurate in the diffusion limit. Results for DG are presented for the hyperbolic heat equation, the Broadwell model of gas kinetics, and coupled radiation-hydrodynamics. NTIS Diffusion; Finite Volume Method; Hydrodynamics; Relaxation; Hyperbolic Functions 20010105278 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USA Discontinuous Galerkin for Hyperbolic Systems with Stiff Relaxation Lowrie, R. B.; Morel, J. E.; May 24, 1999; 27p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-762706; LA-UR-99-2517; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche A Discontinuous Galerkin method is applied to hyperbolic systems that contain stiff relaxation terms. We demonstrate that when the relaxation time is unresolved, the method is accurate in the sense that it accurately represents the systems Chapman-Enskog approximation. Results are presented for the hyperbolic heat equation and coupled radiation-hydrodynamics. NTIS Hydrodynamics; Galerkin Method; Hyperbolic Differential Equations
70 PHYSICS (GENERAL)
Includes general research topics related to mechanics, kinetics, magnetism, and electrodynamics. For specific areas of physics see categories 71 through 77. For related instrumentation see 35 Instrumentation and Photography; for geophysics, astrophysics or solar physics see 46 Geophysics, 90 Astrophysics, or 92 Solar Physics.
20010099873 Department of the Navy, Washington, DC USA A Method of Making Electron Emitters Pehrsson, Pehr, Inventor; Jul. 31, 2001; 26p; In English Patent Info.: Filed 31 Jul. 2001; US-Patent-Appl-SN-09,917,663 Report No.(s): AD-D019948; No Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity (Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)), Microfiche A method for fabricating an electron emitter is provided. This emitter structure may be used to form individual emitters or arrays of emitters. The method is comprised of implanting energetic ions into a diamond lattice to form cones or other continuous regions of damaged diamond. These regions are more electrically conducting than the surrounding diamond lattice, and have locally sharp tips at or near the point of entry of the ion into the diamond. The tips may then also be additionally coated with a layer of a wide band-gap semiconductor. An electrically conducting material may also be placed in proximity to the tips to generate an electric field sufficient to extract electrons from the conducting tips into either the region above the surface, or into the wide band-gap semiconductor layer in contact with the tips. Electrical contact is made to the electrically conducting damage tracks and the electrical circuit may be completed with an electrically conducting material on the surface of the wide band-gap semiconductor or diamond, or in the ambient above the surface of the emitter. The surface of the wideband gap semiconductor or diamond may be chemically modified to enhance the emission of electrons from the surface. DTIC Patent Applications; Electron Emission; Emitters 20010101161 JAYCOR, San Diego, CA USA A Health Hazard Assessment for Blast Overpressure Exposures Subtitle - Use of Animal Test Data in the Development of a Human Auditory Hazard Criterion for Impulse Noise (Part 1) Final Report Hamernik, Roger P.; Patterson, James H., Jr.; Ahroon, William A.; Stuhmiller, James H.; Aug. 1998; 60p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-96-C-6007 Report No.(s): AD-A393522; JAYCOR-2997-28; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche 177
Hearing loss and sensory cell loss data, obtained from 909 chinchillas exposed to one of 137 different impulse noise or blast wave exposure paradigms, were statistically analyzed. The objective was to extract relations between the effects of the exposure on the auditory system (effects metrics) and metrics used to characterize the blast wave exposure. Specifically the following two questions were asked: (a) What is the best indicator of the amount of hazard associated with an impulse noise exposure? (b) How does the hazard of an impulse noise exposure accumulate with increasing numbers of impulses? Two analytical approaches were used. Both approaches indicated that the P-weighting functions or one of its derivatives (P1-, P2- or R-weighting) best organized the effects metrics. Depending on the analytical approach, either an energy trading rule of 10 log10 N or 6 log10 N; where N is the number of impulses, best organized the data for N between 10 and 100. For exposures of between 1 and 10 impulses, a region of the parametric space that is of considerable practical significance, there is insufficient data to form any conclusions. For this region the limited data suggest that an energy trading rule i.e., 10 log N, does not work. DTIC Auditory Defects; Exposure; Detonation Waves 20010101173 Naval Air Warfare Center, Aircraft Div., Patuxent River, MD USA Developments in Probability-Based Strain-Life Analysis Rusk, David; Hoffman, Paul; Sep. 11, 2001; 28p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A393606; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche An initial statistical approach to defining a probabilistic strain-life curve has been developed for material fatigue strength characterization in the low-cycle region. It is based on the statistics of the standard linear regression model, and assumes that the scatter of the base 10 log of low-cycle fatigue life is normally distributed, with a Constant variance. Preliminary low-cycle fatigue data from a large-scale, experimental strain-life material test program were used to fit the probabilistic strain-life curve, using the probabilistic linear regression model derived herein. Upper and lower confidence bounds on the fatigue life prediction intervals were generated, with all of the test data falling within the 95% confidence region. The probabilistic strain-life model has the capability to be integrated into a Monte Carlo simulation of structural component fatigue life reliability analyses. The influence of two different ASTM low-cycle fatigue test specimen geometries on fatigue life scatter was also investigated. Crack growth in low-cycle fatigue tests, and the grain orientation of hourglass test specimens have both been shown to significantly affect the resulting scatter of fatigue life data at a given stress amplitude. The probabilistic linear regression model proves sufficient for characterizing the strain-life curve in the low-cycle fatigue region. More complex statistical methods that can account for nonconstant fatigue life variance, and fatigue life runout data, must be utilized to probabilistically characterize the strain-life curve in the high-cycle fatigure region. DTIC Fatigue Life; Component Reliability; Crack Propagation; Fatigue (Materials); Fatigue Tests; Strain Rate 20010102756 Army Soldier and Biological Chemical Command, Natick, MA USA Human Factors Evaluation of the Modular Lightweight Load-Carrying Equipment (MOLLE) System Final Report, Jun. 1995-Oct. 1999 Sampson, James B., Army Soldier and Biological Chemical Command, USA; August 2001; 25p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A393792; NATICK/TR-01/014; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche In March 1994, the Training and Doctrine Command System Manager for the Soldier, the Program Manager Soldier, and the U.S. Marine Corps Systems Command issued a joint call for a front end analysis (FEA) to determine the best design for a load-bearing system for soldiers and marines. The FEA was used in drafting a new user requirements document and initiating the development of a modular load-carrying system which ultimately became known as the Modular Lightweight Load-carrying Equipment (MOLLE). This report presents a summary of the FEA survey and the results from a series of human factors evaluation tests conducted during early MOLLE development. Test methodology and results are presented along with evaluation of the design features of load-bearing equipment important to infantrymen and their missions. This is followed by a discussion of lessons learned in the development of the system. DTIC Human Factors Engineering; Load Distribution (Forces); Load Carrying Capacity 20010102923 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA A Combination of Rao-Wilton-Glisson and Asymptotic Phase Basis Functions to Solve the Electric and Magnetic Field Integral Equations Gulick, John R.; Jan. 2001; 74p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A393539; AFIT-CI-01-201; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche 178
Using the method of moments to solve the electric and magnetic field integral equations for the currents on a PEC surface requires a large number of unknowns to capture the currents rapid spatial variation across the surface. Rao-Wilton-Glisson (RWG) vector basis functions 1 have been successfully used for the past twenty years 1, 2, 3,.... Unfortunately, the required number of unknowns is on the order of 100 per square wavelength making electrically large problems impractical. For large smooth objects, the rapid spatial variation in the current is due to phase variations rather than magnitude variations. Thus, using asymptotic phase (AP) basis functions can drastically reduce the number of unknowns 3 for large, smooth metallic bodies. The A) basis function incorporates the anticipated phase, hence represents a more efficient basis function for a large class of problems. However, using RWG basis functions for monostatic calculations is more efficient since the matrix entries need not be recomputed for each new incidence angle, as is the case for an AP expansion. One can combine the methods; selecting RWG or AP basis functions for a given geometry based on an elements location within the geometry. This allows the relaxation of mesh density in smooth flat regions not near the discontinuities resulting in a significant reduction of unknowns. This research shows that combining functions is highly efficient and the effectiveness of this method depends on the geometry of application. DTIC Magnetic Fields; Electric Fields; Spatial Distribution 20010103767 Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS USA Units and Conversions for Stream Restoration Projects Freeman, Gary; Fischenich, Craig; May 2001; 6p; In English; Original contains color plates Report No.(s): AD-A393902; ERDC-TN-EMRRP-SR-28; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche The conversion from U.S. Customary units to metric units has become increasingly important to nearly every practitioner in stream restoration. As more and more projects are specified in metric units and more and more supplies become available in metric sizes, users need to be conversant in the International System of measurements (SI) or what is commonly called the metric system of measurement. The SI standards are actually a set of units adopted as a standard by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM). IEEE and ASTM most recently adopted this standard in the USA in 1992-93 as explained in IEEE/ASTM SI 10-1997. The standards are designed to be a standardized set of units that mostly eliminate confusion regarding the various measurements and units. The IEEE/ASTM standards are based on Le System International dUnites published by the BIPM and include modifications from 1995. DTIC Streams; International System of Units; Size (Dimensions) 20010104134 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA USA Z-Quark Coupling Measurements at SLD Wright, T. R.; Nov. 30, 2000; 20p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-784792; SLAC-PUB-8721; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche The SLD experiment at SLAC has performed several precise tests of the electroweak Standard Model. This paper summarizes the measurements of Z couplings to quarks. Most of these measurements are preliminary and many incorporate the full SLD dataset of 550,00 polarized Z decays. NTIS Quarks; Couplings 20010104135 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA USA Optimization of NLC Luminosity for e-e- Running Thompson, K. A.; Nov. 28, 2000; 10p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-784791; SLAC-PUB-8715; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche We examine the optimization of the NLC for e-e- running. We examine how much luminosity may be regained in e-e- by varying these parameters away from optimized flat beam e+e- values. The results are compared with round beam e-e- designs considered in an earlier paper. NTIS Luminosity; Optimization; Linear Accelerators 20010104136 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA USA Quantum-Mechanical Analysis of Optical Stochastic Cooling Heifets, S. A.; Nov. 22, 2000; 12p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-784790; SLAC-PUB-8713; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche 179
Quantum theory of the optical stochastic cooling is presented. Consideration follows the evolution of the density matrix of a bunch of particles interacting with radiation in the undulators and quantum amplifier. NTIS Quantum Mechanics; Quantum Theory; Stochastic Processes; Cooling 20010104137 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA USA Light-Front-Quantized QCD in Light-Cone Gauge Brodsky, S. J.; Nov. 30, 2000; 31p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-784789; SLAC-PUB-8711; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche The light-front (LF) quantization of QCD in light-cone gauge has a number of remarkable advantages, including explicit unitarity, a physical Fock expansion, the absence of ghost degrees of freedom, and the decoupling properties needed to prove factorization theorems in high momentum transfer inclusive and exclusive reactions. We present a systematic study of LF-quantized gauge theory following the Dirac method and construct the Dyson-Wick S-matrix expansion based on LF-time-ordered products. The gauge field is shown to satisfy the Lorentz condition as an operator equation as well as the light-cone gauge condition. NTIS Quantum Chromodynamics; Momentum Transfer; Degrees of Freedom; Gauge Theory 20010104355 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA USA Quantization of the Coulomb Chain in an External Focusing Field Kabel, A. C.; Jan. 24, 2001; 9p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-784850; SLAC-PUB-8760; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche With the appropriate choice of parameters and sufficient cooling, charged particles in a circular accelerator are believed to undergo a transition to a highly-ordered crystalline state. The simplest possible crystalline configuration is a one-dimensional chain of particles. In this paper, we write down the quantized version of its dynamics. We show that in a low-density limit, the dynamics is that of a theory of interacting phonons. There is an infinite sequence of n-phonon interaction terms, we write down the first orders, which involve phonon scattering and decay processes. The quantum formulation developed here can serve as a first step towards a quantum-mechanical treatment of the system at finite temperatures. NTIS Linear Accelerators; Crystal Structure; Cooling; Crystallinity 20010104356 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA USA Injector for the CLIC Test Facility (CTF3) Miller, R. H.; Jan. 23, 2001; 4p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-784848; SLAC-PUB-8757; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche The CLIC Test Facility (CTF3) is an intermediate step to demonstrate the technical feasibility of the key concepts of the new RF power source for CLIC. CTF3 will use electron beams with an energy range adjustable from 170 MeV (3.5 A) to 380 MeV (with low current). The injector is based on a thermionic gun followed by a classical bunching system embedded in a long solenoidal field. As an alternative, an RF photo-injector is also being studied. The beam dynamics studies on how to reach the stringent beam parameters at the exit of the injector are presented. Simulations performed with the EGUN code showed that a current of 7 A can be obtained with an emittance less than 10 mm.mrad at the gun exit. Sub-Harmonic Bunchers (SHB) are foreseen, to switch the phase of the bunch trains by 180 degrees from even to odd RF buckets. Specific issues of the thermionic gun and of the SHB with fast phase switch are discussed. NTIS Beam Injection; Injectors; Bunching 20010104357 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA USA Higgs Mechanism in Non-commutative Gauge Theories Petriello, F. J.; Jan. 17, 2001; 34p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-784847; SLAC-PUB-8754; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche This paper investigates the non-commutative version of the Abelian Higgs model at the one loop level. We find that the BRST invariance of the theory is maintained at this order in perturbation theory, rendering the theory one-loop renormalizable. Upon removing the gauge field from the theory we also obtain a consistent continuum renormalization of the broken O(2) linear sigma model, contradicting results found in the literature. The beta functions for the various couplings of the gauged U(1) theory are 180
presented, as are the divergent contributions to every one particle irreducible (IPI) function. We find that all physical couplings and masses are gauge independent. A brief discussion concerning the symmetries P, C, and T in this theory are given. NTIS Gauge Theory; Invariance; Perturbation Theory; Continuums 20010104358 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA USA Cartography with Locating Fermions in Extra Dimensions at Future Lepton Colliders Rizzo, T. G.; Jan. 24, 2001; 33p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-784844; SLAC-PUB-8746; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche In the model of Arkani-Hamed and Schmaltz the various fermions of the Standard Model (SM) are localized at different points on a thick wall which forms an extra dimension. Such a scenario provides a way of understanding the absence of proton decay and the fermion mass hierarchy in models with extra dimensions. In this paper we explore the capability of future lepton colliders to determine the location of these fermions in the extra dimension through precision measurements of conventional scattering processes both below and on top of the lowest lying Kaluza-Klein gauge boson resonance. We show that for some classes of models the location of these fermions can be very precisely determined while in others only their relative positions can be well measured. NTIS Fermions; Leptons; Particle Decay; Precision 20010104359 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA USA Test Beams and Polarized Fixed Target Beams at the NLC Pitthan, R.; Jan. 17, 2001; 10p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-784842; SLAC-PUB-8725; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche A conceptual program to use NLC beams for test beams and fixed target physics is described. Primary undisrupted polarized beams would be the most simple to use, but for NLC, the disrupted beams are of good enough quality that they could also be used, after collimation of the low energy tails, for test beams and fixed target physics. Pertinent issues are: what is the compelling physics, what are the requirements on beams and running time, and what is the impact on colliding beam physics running. A list of physics topics is given; one topic (Moller Scattering) is treated in more depth. NTIS Scattering; Collisions; Beams (Radiation) 20010104360 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA USA Meeting Tight Frequency Requirement of Rounded Damped Detuned Structure Li, Z.; Jan. 22, 2001; 4p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-784840; SLAC-PUB-8719; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche Following successful design and fabrication of damped detuned structures, the R&D for the accelerating structures of the NLC/JLC linear collider project proceeded to studies of Rounded Damped Detuned Structure with curved cross section of the cavity shape for increased shunt impedance. The important features of the structure are the accurately tuned accelerating mode frequency and the distribution of the first dipole modes smooth and close to the design distribution. These requirements were met based on the high-accuracy diamond turning with its capability to realize the periphery tolerance of two microns. The lowest dipole mode frequencies scattered by 0.6 MHz RMS. The error in the accelerating mode frequency averaged over a structure was 0.1 MHz by applying a feed-forward method. NTIS Bypasses; Circuits; Fabrication 20010104361 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA USA Slac parallel tracking code development and applications McCandless, B. C.; Jan. 19, 2001; 4p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-784839; SLAC-PUB-8718; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche The increase in single processor speed based on Moores law alone will not be able to deliver the dramatic speedup needed in many beam tracking simulations to uncover very slowly evolving effects in a reasonable time. SLAC has embarked on an effort to bring the power of parallel computing to bear on such computations with the goal to reduce the turnaround time by orders of magnitude so that the results may impact present facilities and future machine designs. This poster will describe the approaches 181
adopted for parallelizing the LIAR code and the ION-MAD code. The scalability of these tracking codes and their further improvement will be discussed. NTIS Linear Accelerators; Parallel Processing (Computers); Beam Interactions 20010104362 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA USA Spin Depolarization due to Beam-Beam Interaction in NLC Thompson, K. A.; Jan. 04, 2001; 11p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-784837; SLAC-PUB-8716; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche Calculations of spin depolarization effects dues to the beam-beam interaction are presented for several NLC designs. The depolarization comes from both classical (Bargmann-Michel-Telegdi precession) and quantum (Sokolov-Ternov spin-flip) effects. It is anticipated that some physics experiments at future colliders will require a knowledge of the polarization to better than 0.5% precision. We compare the results of CAIN simulations with the analytic estimates of Yokoya and Chen for head-on collisions. We also study the effects of transverse offsets and beamstrahlung-induced energy spread. NTIS Depolarization; Precession; Beam Interactions 20010104363 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA USA Nature of e(g) electron Order in La(1-x)SR(1+x)MnO(4)* Larochelle, S.; Jan. 08, 2001; 13p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-784836; SLAC-PUB-8710; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche The primary superlattice reflections are strongly suppressed along the modulation direction and the higher harmonics are weak, implying the existence of a largely transverse and nearly sinusoidal structural distortion, consistent with a charge density wave of the eg electrons. NTIS Electrons; Density (Number/Volume); Electric Charge; Harmonics 20010104364 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA USA Production of pi(carat)+-, K(carat)+- and p/p(bar) in quark and gluon jets Kang, H.; Jan. 08, 2001; 6p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-784835; SLAC-PUB-8687; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche We present measurements of identified charged hadron production over a wide momentum range using the SLD Cherenkov Ring Imaging Detector. In addition to studying flavor-inclusive Z0 decays, we compare particle production in decays into light, c and b flavors and compare production in gluon jets with that in light quark jets, where the jet flavors are selected using precision vertex information. NTIS Quarks; Gluons; Imaging Techniques 20010104365 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA USA B Decay Charm Counting Via Topological Vertexing Chou, A. S.; Jan. 04, 2001; 4p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-784834; SLAC-PUB-8686; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche An outstanding puzzle in beta decay physics is that the theoretical prediction for the semileptonic branching ratio is somewhat larger than the currently measured values. A simple resolution of this puzzle is for the non-semileptonic decay amplitude to be larger than expected, thus enhancing the total decay cross section and reducing the predicted semileptonic decay rate. NTIS Beta Particles; Decay Rates; Particle Decay; Radioactive Decay 20010104366 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA USA Simulation of the Beam-Beam Effects in e+e- Storage Rings with a Method of Reducing the Region Cai, Y.; Jan. 11, 2001; 19p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-784833; SLAC-PUB-8589; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche A highly accurate self-consistent particle code to simulate the beam-beam collision in e+e- storage rings has been developed. It adopts a method of solving the Poisson equation with an open boundary. The method consists of two steps: assigning the 182
potential on a finite boundary using the Greens function, and then solving the potential inside the boundary with a fast Poisson solver. Since the solution of the Poissons equation is unique, our solution is exactly the same as the one obtained by simply using the Greens function. The method allows us to select much smaller region of mesh and therefore increase the resolution of the solver. The better resolution makes more accurate the calculation of the dynamics in the core of the beams. The luminosity simulated with this method agrees quantitatively with the measurement for the PEP-II B-factory ring in the linear and nonlinear beam current regimes, demonstrating its predictive capability in detail. NTIS Beam Interactions; Prediction Analysis Techniques; Storage Rings (Particle Accelerators); Particle Collisions 20010104367 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA USA Surface Roughness Impedance Stupakov, G.; Dec. 21, 2000; 13p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-784801; SLAC-PUB-8743-B; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche The next generation of linac-based free electron lasers will use very short bunches with a large peak current. For such beams, the impedance caused by submicron imperfections in the vacuum beam tube may generate an additional energy spread within the bunch. A review of two mechanisms of the roughness impedance is given with the emphasis on the importance of the high-aspect ratio property of the real surface roughness. NTIS Surface Roughness; Linear Accelerators; Vacuum Tubes 20010104368 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA USA Monte Carlo Event Generator DPMJET-III Roesler, S.; Dec. 14, 2000; 7p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-784800; SLAC-PUB-8740; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche A new version of the Monte Carlo event generator DPMJET is presented. It is a code system based on the Dual Parton Model and unifies all features of the DTUNUC-2, DPMJET-II and PHOJET1.12 event generators. DPMJET-III allows the simulation of hadron-hadron, hadron-nucleus, nucleus-nucleus, photon-hadron, photon-photon and photon-nucleus interactions from a few GeV up to the highest cosmic ray energies. NTIS Monte Carlo Method; Nuclear Interactions; Hadrons 20010104370 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA USA B Decays to Hadronic Final States Including D(*)s and D* Brau, B.; Dec. 11, 2000; 5p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-784798; SLAC-PUB-8733; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche The study of D(*(sub8)) production in B decays allows us to understand the mechanisms leading to the creation of cs quark pairs. NTIS Collisions; Hadrons; Weak Interactions (Field Theory) 20010104371 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA USA Search for B(sub O)(sup s) Oscillations at SLD Jaros, J. A.; Dec. 01, 2000; 13p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-784793; SLAC-PUB-8723; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche The SLD experiment at the SLAC Linear Collider has updated three searches for the time dependence of B(0sub8) oscillations. One search uses events with a reconstructed D8 meson; a second search uses events with a lepton and a topologically identified charmed meson; and the third uses events in which both a secondary and a tertiary vertex are distinguished. NTIS Charm (Particle Physics); Oscillations; Time Dependence 20010104472 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA USA Possible Quantum Mechanical Effect on Beam Echo Chao, A.; Dec. 07, 2000; 8p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-784795; SLAC-PUB-8726; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche 183
The echo effect in charged particle beams provides a link between macroscopic measurable beam parameters and microscopic phase space motion of the beam. Since quantum mechanics dictates a granularization of the phase space, it influences how the phase space behaves microscopically, and thus potentially affect how the echo effect behaves macroscopically. In this study, we propose to examine the possible measurable macroscopic effects of quantum mechanics on beams through its echo effect. NTIS Quantum Mechanics; Particle Beams; Charged Particles 20010104488 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA USA Nonlinear Stage of the Microbunching by Coherent Synchrotron Radiation Heifets, S. A.; Jan. 29, 2001; 9p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-784849; SLAC-PUB-8758; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche Coherent synchrotron radiation can lead to the microwave instability. In this note, we consider saturation of the most unstable mode close to the threshold of instability. NTIS Coherent Radiation; Synchrotron Radiation; Beam Interactions 20010105282 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USA Heat Capacity Measurements in Pulsed Magnetic Fields Jaime, M.; Movshovich, R.; Sarrao, J. L.; Kim, J.; Stewart, G.; Oct. 23, 1998; 9p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-762287; LA-UR-98-4817; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche The new NHMFL 60T quasi-continuous magnet produces a flat-top field for a period of 100 ms at 60 Tesla, and for longer time at lower fields, e.g. 0.5 s at 45 Tesla. We have developed for the first time the capability to measure heat capacity at very high magnetic fields in the NHMFL 60T quasi-continuous magnet at LANL, using a probe built out of various plastic materials. The field plateau allows us to utilize a heat-pulse method to obtain heat capacity data. Proof-of-principle heat capacity experiments were performed on a variety of correlated electron systems. Both magnet performance characteristics and physical properties of various materials studied hold out a promise of wide application of this new tool. NTIS Magnets; Magnetic Fields; Specific Heat 20010105283 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USA Dissipative Chaos and Symmetry Breaking in AC-Driven Nanostructures Campbell, D. K.; Alekseev, K. N.; Berman, G. P.; Cannon, E. H.; Dec. 07, 1998; 6p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-762108; LA-UR-98-4862; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche We present results of several recent studies of the nonlinear transport and dynamics of electrons in a.c.-driven nanostructures. First, we explore electron transport in the miniband of a semiconductor superlattice (SSL) under the influence of an external, time-periodic electric field, using a semi-classical balance-equation approach that incorporates both elastic and inelastic scattering (as dissipation) and the self-consistent field generated by the electron motion. The coupling of electrons in the miniband to the self-consistent field produces a cooperative nonlinear oscillatory mode that, when interacting with the oscillatory external field and the intrinsic Bloch-type oscillatory mode, can lead to complicated nonlinear dynamics, including dissipative chaos and symmetry breaking (e.g., the creation of a d.c. current in response to a purely a.c. drive). NTIS Alternating Current; Broken Symmetry; Chaos; Dissipation; Electron Mobility; Electrons; Nanostructures (Devices); Particle Motion
71 ACOUSTICS
Includes sound generation, transmission, and attenuation. For noise pollution see 45 Environment Pollution. For aircraft noise see also 02 Aerodynamics and 07 Aircraft Propulsion Propulsion and Power.
20010100110 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Acoustic Wave Sensors for the Detection of Biological Threats Borowski, Samuel M.; Dec. 2000; 103p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A393595; AFIT-CI-01-190; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A06, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche 184
As we enter the twenty first century the threat of biological and chemical weapons is growing. This has been most recently displayed in the aftermath of the Persian Gulf War, where soldiers have returned and been left to deal with the possibilities of being exposed to such weapons during their time of service. With the proper detecting mechanisms such tragedies can be avoided in the future. This requires a reliable means to monitor the battlefield so commanders may know which avenues are safe for their troops to maneuver through. In the past reliable detection has meant qualified personnel must carry bulky test equipment into a questionable area; the appropriate testing is done and a hazard level is determined. Unfortunately sometimes this equipment is not readily available, and due to the lethality of the agents in question can be too late. The question left is how can large areas of a battlefield be monitored for contamination efficiently. This thesis will address the need for a low cost autonomous sensor that is capable of monitoring a battlefield continuously. By presenting data and research on the use of acoustic wave sensors it will be shown that such a biologically selective sensor is feasible. Aided with help from the recent surge in personal communication systems and the growth in cellular and satellite communication systems, the sensor will be able to relay its readings to an established headquarters so that important information is available immediately. With such information ready on demand. the battlefield will be less hazardous for ground troops because the threat from biological weapons will be diminished. DTIC Signal Detectors; Hazards; Contamination; Acoustics; Telecommunication; Biological Effects 20010100111 Naval Research Lab., Marine Geosciences Div., Stennis Space Center, MS USA In-Situ Acoustic and Laboratory Ultrasonic Sound Speed and Attenuation Measured in Heterogeneous Seabed Sediments: Eel Margin, California Richardson, Michael D.; Briggs, Kevin B.; Gorgas, T. J.; Wilkens, R. H.; Frazer, N. L.; Nov. 08, 2000; 3p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A393653; AB/7430-00-2007; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche We calculated in-situ and laboratory measurements of sound speed and attenuation in seafloor sediments from the shallow water delta of the Eel River, California. This region receives a substantial volume of fluvial sediments that is discharged annually onto the shell. Additionally, high input of fluvial sediments during storms generates flood deposits characterized by thin-beds of variable grain-sizes in water depths between 40 and 90 m. Main objectives of this study were (1) to investigate signatures of seafloor processes on geoacoustics and physical properties, and (2) to evaluate differences between geoacoustics parameters measured in-situ at acoustic (7.5 kHz) and in the laboratory at ultrasonic (400 kHz) frequencies. The in-situ acoustic measurements were conducted between the 60 and 100 isobath. Wet-bulk density and porosity profiles were obtained to 1.15 meters below seafloor (mdsf) using gravity cores of the mostly cohesive fine-grained sediments across and along shelf. Our physical and geoacoustics property measurements from six selected sites on the Eel margin showed (1) Sound speed and wet bulk density strongly correlated. DTIC Underwater Acoustics; Acoustic Velocity; Acoustic Measurement; Oceanographic Parameters 20010100112 Naval Research Lab., Marine Geosciences Div., Stennis Space Center, MS USA High-Frequency Volume Scattering from Gassy Sediments Richardson, Mike; Wood, W. T.; Mar. 28, 2000; 7p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A393655; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Measurements of values of sediment physical properties, bubble volume, and bubble size distribution are used to predict frequency-dependent sound speed and attenuation in the fine-grained gassy sediments of Eckernforde Bay, Baltic Sea. Acoustic models 1-3 predict, at acoustic frequencies well-above resonance, that sound speed is unaffected by bubbles and scattering from bubbles dominates attenuation. At frequencies well below resonance, sound speed is much lower than bubble-free sediments and attenuation is dominated by scattering from impedance contrasts. Near-resonance sound speed varies greatly with frequency and attenuation is very high. Given the highly variable spatial and temporal distribution of bubble volume, bubble size, and bubble size distribution in Eckernfdrde Bay, the agreement between theoretical predictions and acoustic measurements is remarkably good. DTIC Acoustic Scattering; Acoustic Velocity; Sediments 20010100113 Naval Research Lab., Marine Geosciences Div., Stennis Space Center, MS USA Seasonal Temperature Gradients Within a Sandy Seafloor: Implications for Acoustic Propagation and Scattering Jackson, Darrell R.; Richardson, Michael D.; Nov. 10, 2000; 9p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A393656; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche 185
Seafloor temperatures measured during the SAX99 experiment off Fort Walton Beach, Florida included sharp decreases in response to the passage of cold fronts. Sediment pore water temperatures exhibited an increasing temperature (3-40 C/m) with depth in the sediment. by fitting a heat conduction model to the gradient data, the thermal diffusivity of the sediment was estimated to be 0.006 sq cm/s. The effects of seasonal variations of sediment thermal gradients on reflection and scattering from the sediment-water interface are found to be significant at frequencies near 1 kHz but diminish at higher frequencies. DTIC Sediments; Acoustic Scattering 20010100115 Naval Research Lab., Marine Geosciences Div., Stennis Space Center, MS USA Acoustic Propagation in Gassy Sediments Richardson, Mike; Wood, Warren; Mar. 23, 2000; 6p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A393660; PP/7430-00-0010; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Gas bubbles are ubiquitous in organic-rich, muddy sediments of coastal waters and shallow adjacent seas (Judd and Hovland, 1992; Richardson and Davis, 1998). Depths and horizontal distributions of these gas-charged sediments are usually determined from seismic profiling. The presence of gas bubbles often impedes acoustic characterization of sediments below the gas horizon and terms such as acoustic masking or blanking, acoustic turbidity, bright spots, wipeouts, and pulldowns are used to characterize these gas- charged sediments. Acoustic turbidity also produces anomalously high acoustic backscattering from the seafloor (Lyons et al., 1996; Tang, 1996) degrading the effectiveness of high-frequency sonar. Models of acoustic- bubble interactions in fine-grained sediments developed by Anderson and Hampton (1980) have been corroborated by laboratory (Gardner, 2000) and field (Wilkens and Richardson, 1998; Lyons et al., 1996; Tang, 1996, Anderson et al., 1998) experiments. In this paper, we model the effects of bubble volume, bubble size and bubble distribution on sound speed and attenuation in the well-characterized sediments of Eckernforde Bay, Baltic Sea and from experiments recently conducted in Cape Lookout Bight, North Carolina. These two areas constitute the best known and most studied area of gassy sediment in the world (Richardson and Davis, 1998; Martens et al., 1998) thus providing the ideal settings for such comparisons. DTIC Acoustic Velocity; Sediments; Acoustic Propagation; Backscattering 20010100118 Naval Research Lab., Marine Geosciences Div., Stennis Space Center, MS USA Biological and Hydrodynamic Control of Seafloor Roughness: Implications to High-Frequency Acoustic Scattering, 3-8 Dec. 2000 Richardson, Michael D.; Briggs, Kevin B.; Williams, Kevin; Jan. 1999; 2p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A393672; AB/7430-00-0014; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Biological and hydrodynamic processes can both create arid destroy seafloor microtopography. As part of the SAX99 experiments, natural and artificial temporal changes in seafloor roughness were monitored acoustically and quantified using bottom stereo photographs. Feeding activities of benthic megafauna and fish destroyed large-scale roughness features generated by ocean surface gravity waves within a period of weeks to months: whereas, fine-scale roughness created by raking the seafloor decayed to background levels within 24 hours. The effects of fine-scale roughness increased acoustic scattering centered at one-half the acoustic wavelength (a Bragg wavelength of 2 cm) by 12-18 dB in artificial manipulations of the bottom. These changes were restricted to roughness that was oriented predominantly orthogonal to the incident acoustic waves, Alternatively, seafloor roughness generated by ocean surface gravity waves had wavelengths of 50-100 cm and wave heights of 10-15 cm These predictable large-scale roughness features should, by analogy, critically increase scattering at lower acoustic frequencies (near 1-2 kHz! and decay within weeks to months after storm events. DTIC Surface Roughness; Acoustic Scattering; Hydrodynamics; Acoustic Frequencies; Surface Waves; Topography; Ocean Bottom 20010100119 Naval Research Lab., Marine Geosciences Div., Stennis Space Center, MS USA Effects of Macrofauna on Acoustic Backscatter from the Seabed: Field Manipulations in West Sound, Orcas Island, WA, USA Self, Robert F.; Hearn, Patrick A.; Jumars, Peter A.; Jackson, Darrell R.; Richardson, Michael D.; Jun. 15, 2001; 26p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A393673; NRL/JA/7430-01-0007; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Previous observations with a bottom-mounted, radially scanning sonar (BAMS) at 40 kHz suggested that macrofaunal activities influence low-angle, acoustic backscatter from seafloor sediments. In order to test that possibility experimentally, we measured and modeled time series of backscatter strength at both 40 and 300 kHz prior to manipulation and then introduced several macrofaunal species at known abundances to randomly selected locations within the ensonified area. We worked in West Sound, 186
Orcas Island, WA, at a water depth of 20.4m and for the more frequently recorded 40-kHz series extracted effects by the time-series method known as intervention analysis, wherein the intervention was the experimental alteration. We observed increased backscatter from patches of the small protobranch bivalve Acila castrensis, and of the cockle Clinocardium nuttali, from bait used as chum for fishes and crabs, and from tethered crabs (Cancer magister); other treatments showed no significant change. All of the effective treatments involved increased backscatter at 300 kHz from animals that have obvious hard parts or air bladders. Power calculations for intervention analysis and geoacoustic modeling suggest that failure of other treatments to show no significant effects on backscatter strength stems from the small size of the organisms and structures used relative to the 40-kHz wavelength (3.7cm)and to low sound-speed contrasts between surficial sediments at this site and overlying water (at both frequencies), producing low backscatter levels from both volume heterogeneity and surface microtopography. This experiment demonstrates, however, that low-angle acoustic backscatter can be used to observe at least some populations of benthic animals over a large area (ca. 8000m2) and that intervention analysis can be a useful tool where logistics permit repeated observation but few or no spatial replicates - frequently the case in ecological manipulations. DTIC Acoustic Scattering; Sediments; Diaphragms (Mechanics); Abundance 20010100120 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USA Construction and Testing of a Modern Acoustic Impedance Tube OMalley, Sean P.; Jun. 2001; 152p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A393679; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A08, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche The acoustic impedance of a material describes its reflective and absorptive properties. Acoustic impedance may be measured in a wide variety of ways. This thesis describes the construction and testing of an acoustic impedance measurement tube which employs modem Fourier Transform techniques. Two methods are employed for acoustic impedance measurement using this apparatus. One technique uses a two-microphone continuous excitation method and the other uses a single microphone transient excitation method. Simple acoustic theory is used to derive equations for both methods. MATLAB computer programs are developed using these equations, to provide graphical results of acoustic impedance measurements over a frequency range for a given material, from raw data. A procedure is subsequently developed for using this apparatus using to make acoustic impedance measurements. The performance of this device is evaluated by making measurements utilizing both methods on three sample materials and also with the end of the tube open to the atmosphere (referred to as an open tube measurement). The open tube measurements are compared with theoretical values. The results using both approaches compared favorably with the open tube theoretical values. Additionally both approaches agreed reasonably well with each other for the three sample materials. Performance at frequencies below 500 Hz, however, yielded deficient results, indicating a need for development of a filter for better accuracy. DTIC Absorption; Acoustic Impedance; Impedance Measurement; Excitation 20010100406 Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Maritime Operations Div., Fishermans Bend, Australia Removal of Range-Dependent Artifacts from Sidescan Sonar Imagery Anstee, Stuart; Apr. 2001; 27p; In English; Original contains color plates Report No.(s): AD-A393168; DSTO-TN-0354; DSTO/AMRL-AR-011-850; Copyright; Avail: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) A radiosity correction algorithm to improve the quality of sidescan sonar mosaics is reported. The algorithm removes consistent range-dependent variations from sidescan sonar imagery caused by failure of the TVG (time-varying gain) to completely compensate for variations due to transducer beam profiles and sediment backscatter strength. The correction is appropriate to high-frequency sidescan sonars with constant gain characteristics, such as the Klein 5000. The algorithm appears robust in situations where the bottom is relatively flat and the towfish altitude does not change much. DTIC Sediments; Sonar; Algorithms; Sound Detecting and Ranging 20010100943 Naval Research Lab., Marine Geosciences Div., Stennis Space Center, MS USA Scattering of High-Frequency Acoustic Energy from Discrete Scatterers on the Seafloor: Glass Spheres and Shells, 9-11 Apr. 2000 Richardson, Michael E.; Briggs, Kevin B.; Williams, Kevin L.; Jackson, Darrell R.; Jan. 1999; 7p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A393646; PP-7430-00-200; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche 187
Shells and shell debris are common at the water/seafloor interface. Quantifying the scattering from shells is thus important for predicting high frequency backscattering from the seafloor. A backscattering experiment is described in which glass beads (radius equal to 1.75 cm) and shells (largest dimension tip to about 10 cm) were placed near a bottom-mounted sonar and backscattering examined as a function of the number of discrete scatterers Supported by Office of Naval Research - USA DTIC Acoustic Scattering; Backscattering; Acoustic Emission; Predictions; Sound Waves 20010100945 Naval Research Lab., Marine Geosciences Div., Stennis Space Center, MS USA Effects of Changing Roughness on Acoustic Scattering: (2) Anthropogenic Changes Richardson, Michael E.; Briggs, Kevin B.; Lyons, Anthony; Williams, Kevin; Jackson, Darrell; Jan. 1999; 9p; In English; Prepared in collaboration with University of Washington, Applied Physics Lab., Seattle WA and Pennsylvania State Univ., Applied Research Lab., State College, PA. Report No.(s): AD-A393650; NRL/PP/7430-00-2001; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Deliberate modification of bottom roughness including smoothing to eliminate centimeter scale natural roughness and raking to induce quasiperiodic roughness was investigated using diver observation, quantification of bottom roughness from Stereo photography, and measurement of acoustic backscattering strength. At 40 kHz. raking perpendicular to the acoustic line-of-sight with a tine spacing equal to one-half wavelength increased scattering by 12-18 dB which decayed to background levels within 24 hours due to biological modification of seafloor roughness. Raking parallel to the acoustic line-of-sight had little effect. Measured and modelled acoustic scattering strengths are not in total agreement suggesting a failure of perturbation theory for these roughness conditions. DTIC Surface Roughness; Acoustic Scattering; Man Environment Interactions; Acoustic Measurement 20010101180 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USA Evaluation of Alternative Communication Schemes Using Environmentally Adaptive Algorithms Athanasiou, Christos; Jun. 2001; 94p; In English; Original contains color plates Report No.(s): AD-A393622; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A05, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Time-varying multi path propagation in a shallow underwater environment causes intersymbol interference in high-speed underwater acoustic (UWA) communications. Combating this effect is considered to be the most challenging task requiring large adaptive filters and increasing the computational burden at the receiver end. This thesis presents results of an in-tank experiment and data analysis performed off-line to examine, evaluate, and compare the robustness of Time-Reversal Approach to Communications (TRAC) and the Matched Environment Signaling Scheme (MESS) in different conditions, such as noise, surface waves and range changes between the receiver and transmitter. Both methods examined can environmentally adapt the acoustic propagation effects of a UWA channel. The MESS method provides a communications solution with increased computational complexity at the receiver end but gives higher data rates and is more robust to the presence of noise, surface waves, and range changes than the TRAC method. On the other hand, the TRAC method manages to accomplish secure communications with low computational complexity at the receiver. DTIC Underwater Acoustics; Intersymbolic Interference; Acoustic Propagation; Adaptive Control 20010103393 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA USA Analysis of a Four-Station Doppler Tracking Method Using a Simple CW Beacon Fricke, Clifford L., NASA Langley Research Center, USA; Watkins, Carl W. L., NASA Langley Research Center, USA; April 1961; 44p; In English Report No.(s): NASA-TN-D-748; L-1234; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche A Doppler tracking method is presented in which a very small, simple CW beacon transmitter is used with four Doppler receiving stations to obtain the position and velocity of a space research vehicle. The exact transmitter frequency need not be known, but an initial position is required, and Doppler frequencies must be measured with extreme accuracy. The errors in the system are analyzed and general formulas are derived for position and velocity errors. The proper location of receiving stations is discussed, a rule for avoiding infinite errors is given, and error charts for ideal station configurations are presented. The effect of the index of refraction is also investigated. The system is capable of determining transmitter position within 1,000 feet at a range of 200 miles. 188
Author Position (Location); Research Vehicles; Transmitters; Beacons; Orbital Velocity; Continuous Radiation; Doppler Effect; Spacecraft Tracking
20010103545 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USA Bandwidth Optimization of Underwater Acoustic Communications Systems Houdeshell, Jack E.; Mar. 2001; 54p; In English; Original contains color plates Report No.(s): AD-A391477; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Current underwater acoustic communication systems operate in the frequency band of 1 - 10 kHz and utilize various forms of signal processing to improve data rates. In this work, the influence of the environment on long-range propagation of acoustic signals will be examined over the band of 1-5 kHz. The transmission loss (Th) as a function of range over the bandwidth will be one measure to determine the optimal operating character of the communications channel. Additionally, estimates of signal variance over the bandwidth as a function of range will be computed. The variance will be generated from source platform motion and interface roughness. Particular attention will be paid to the 2 - 4 kHz band of certain operating systems for long-range transmission DTIC Underwater Acoustics; Signal Processing; Sound Transmission; Sound Waves; Communication; Bandwidth
20010104354 Helsinki Univ. of Technology, Materials Physics Lab., Espoo Finland Acoustic Loss Mechanisms in Leaky Saw Resonators on Lithium Tantalate Koskela, J.; Knuuttila, J. V.; Makkonen, T.; Plessky, V. P.; Salomaa, M. M.; Jun. 30, 2000; 38p Report No.(s): PB2001-108054; TKK-F-A801; Copyright; Avail: National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Microfiche The authors discuss acoustic losses in synchronous leaky surface-acoustic resonators on rotated Y-cut lithium tantalate substrates. Laser probe measurements and theoretical methods are employed to identify and characterize the radiation of leaky waves into the busbars of the resonator and the excitation of bulk-acoustic waves. Escaping LSAWs lead to a significant increase in the conductance, typically occurring in the vicinity of the resonance and in the stopband, but they do not explain the experimentally observed deterioration of the electric response at the antiresonance. At frequencies above the stopband the generation of fast shear bulk-acoustic waves is the dominant loss mechanism. NTIS Resonators; Antennas; Tantalum Compounds; Laser Applications; Acoustic Excitation; Lithium Compounds
20010105244 Department of Energy, Washington, DC USA Optimization of Ultrasonic Fabric Cleaning Hand, T. E.; May 13, 1998; 11p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-16606; KCP-613-6078; DE98-053027; C/ASKC-96-KCP-1044; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge The fundamental purpose of this project was to research and develop a process that would reduce the cost and improve the environmental efficiency of the present dry-cleaning industry. This second phase of research (see report KCP-94-1006 for information gathered during the first phase) was intended to allow the optimal integration of all factors of ultrasonic fabric cleaning. For this phase, Garment Care performed an extensive literature search and gathered data from other researchers worldwide. The Garment Care-AlliedSignal team developed the requirements for a prototype cleaning tank for studies and acquired that tank and the additional equipment required to use it properly. Garment Care and AlliedSignal acquired the transducers and generators from Surftran Martin-Walter in Sterling Heights, Michigan. Amways Kelly Haley developed the test protocol, supplied hundreds of test swatches, gathered the data on the swatches before and after the tests, assisted with the cleaning tests, and prepared the final analysis of the results. AlliedSignal personnel, in conjunction with Amway and Garment Care staff, performed all the tests. Additional planning is under way for future testing by outside research facilities. The final results indicated repeatable performance and good results for single layered fabric swatches. NTIS Fabrics; Cleaning; Optimization; Ultrasonic Radiation 189
72 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS

Includes atomic and molecular structure, electron properties, and atomic and molecular spectra. For elementary particle physics see 73 Nuclear Physics.
20010099688 Air Force Inst. of Tech., School of Engineering and Management, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Solving the Protein Structure Prediction Problem With Fast Messy Genetic Algorithms (Scaling the Fast Messy Genetic Algorithm to Medium-Sized Peptides by Detecting Secondary Structures) Michaud, Steven R.; Mar. 2001; 259p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A391910; AFIT/GCS/ENG/01M-06; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A12, Hardcopy; A03, Microfiche The ability to accurately predict a polypeptides molecular structure given its amino acid sequence is important to numerous scientific, medical, and engineering applications. Studies have been conducted in the application of Genetic Algorithms (GAs) to this problem with promising initial results. In this thesis report, we use the fast messy Genetic Algorithm (fmGA) to attempt to find the minimization of an empirical CHARMM energy model and generation of the associated conformation. Previous work has shown that the fmGA provided favorable results, at least when applied to the pentapeptide Met-Enkephalin. We extend these results to a larger Polyalinine peptide by utilizing secondary structure information as both searching constraints and seeding the initial population. Additional efforts where conducted to improve the performance of the algorithm with respect to solving the Protein Structure Prediction (PSP) problem through a short-circuiting operator--where complete evaluation of the fitness function is halted if initial results are not promising, and by conducting additional searches on faster machines in a heterogeneous environment. Results indicate that, on average, this localized search tends to produce better final solutions. Finally, the fmGA as applied to the PSP problem is analyzed and shown to have improved performance and effectiveness. DTIC Peptides; Molecular Structure; Amino Acids; Genetic Algorithms 20010102647 Argonne National Lab., IL USA Structure of the Goldstone Bosons Holt, R. J.; Reimer, P. E.; Oct. 10, 2000; 8p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-766312; ANL/PHY/CP-102981; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche The feasibility of measuring the pion and kaon structure functions has been investigated. A high luminosity electron-proton collider would make these measurements feasible. Also, it appears feasible to measure these structure functions in a nuclear medium. Simulations using the RAP GAP Monte Carlo of a possible pion structure function measurement are presented. NTIS Bosons; Nuclear Particles; Computerized Simulation; Standard Model (Particle Physics) 20010102649 Puerto Rico Univ., Dept. of Physics, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico Spectroscopic Studies of Novel Materials for Display and NLO Applications Final Report, 1 Sep 1996-31 May 2001 Liu, Huimin; Aug. 08, 2001; 68p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAH04-96-1-0416 Report No.(s): AD-A393587; ARO-36379.37-MS-DPS; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche During the grant period our research was organized into three thrust areas: Material preparation; nonlinear optical characterization; and luminescence studies on display materials. We successfully prepared, KN, KTN, SBN etc. photorefractive materials in the form of thin films using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique through collaboration with the professor sharing our laboratory. We also used sol-gel technique and laser-pedal crystal growth to prepare some luminescent material and Low voltage cathodoluminescent phosphors. During the period we systematically studied the ultrafast nonlinear optical response with the purpose of searching for larger third-order nonlinearity, and found significant enhancement of SBN in the form of thin film. Based on the experimental observation a charge-transferred-vibronic model was successfully developed. We also discovered valence switching by charge carriers produced in CB and captured by ions residing on the boundary surface in nanostructured materials. The study of luminescent materials for display applications was extended to SRAl2O4: CaAl4O7:Eu(3+). Eu(2+),Dy(3+), and long lifetime display materials were developed. It was found that the excitation by high UV flux can produce higher density of electrons near the grain boundary, which may further enhance the indirect transition probability or increase energy transfer from surface states to the SA centers of the host. DTIC Nonlinear Optics; Spectroscopy; Pulsed Laser Deposition; Grain Boundaries; Energy Transfer; Crystal Growth; Cathodoluminescence 190
20010102760 Michigan Univ., Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ann Arbor, MI USA Laser System for Nano-Optical Spectroscopy and Optical Manipulation of Semiconductor Quantum Dots Final Report, 25 Mar. 1999-24 Mar. 2001 Steel, Duncan G., Michigan Univ., USA; March 2000; 5p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAD19-99-1-0031 Report No.(s): AD-A393897; ARO-39296.1-PH-RIP; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche This program was used to acquire the necessary optical and electronic hardware to build a versatile Ti-Sapphire laser based pulsed shaping system for applications to studies of semiconductor quantum dots for quantum computing. The system has already been used to enable the first report of spectral hole burning in self-assembled quantum dots. Future experiments will use the adaptive capability of this system to implement coherent control technique for to increase the clock speed for quantum computing applications in quantum dots. DTIC Quantum Dots; Quantum Computation; Laser Spectroscopy 20010102906 California Univ., Lawrence Berkeley Lab., Berkeley, CA USA Status report on the development of instrumentation for bunch by bunch measurement and optimization of luminosity in the LHC Turner, W. C.; May 01, 2000; 11p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-764385; LBNL-45549; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche This LBNL report is a compilation of the 24 papers presented by Indoor Environment Department researchers and our collaborators at other institutions at the 8th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality & Climate (Indoor Air 99), held in Edinburgh, Scotland, August 8-13, 1999. These papers represent a cross-section of a substantial part of the ongoing research in the department. NTIS Conferences; Indoor Air Pollution; Luminosity; Scotland 20010103769 California Univ., Lawrence Berkeley Lab., Berkeley, CA USA Use of magnetic buckets for ion beam profile tailoring MacGill, R. A.; Vizir, A.; Brown, I. G.; Apr. 01, 1999; 16p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-764338; LBNL-43112; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche Magnetic multiple plasma confinement geometries employing permanent magnet buckets are used extensively for a range of laboratory plasma applications. Among the several consequences for plasma confinement is the important result that the plasma can acquire a more-or-less flat density profile, which when embodied in an ion source can lead to a flat profile for the extracted ion beam also. For many applications a uniform ion beam current density profile is quite advantageous, for example for carrying out large-area ion implantation. There are, however, inherent limitations on the extent to which this approach to beam homogenization can be utilized, and even for a perfectly flat profile in the immediate postextraction region, the beam will evolve toward gaussian as it propagates downstream. Here we describe the rare-earth permanent magnet bucket that weve incorporated into our broad-beam vacuum arc icon source, and its effect on the beam profile at the extractor and downstream. The experimental results are compared with a simple model for the beam profile evolution with axial distance. NTIS Ion Beams; Beam Currents; Plasmas (Physics) 20010103777 Argonne National Lab., IL USA Constraints on the Protons gluon density from lepton-pair production Berger, E. L.; Klasen, M.; Sep. 20, 2000; 5p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-764271; ANL-HEP-CP-00-098; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche Massive lepton-pair production, the Drell-Yan process, should be a good source of independent constraints on the gluon density, free from the experimental and theoretical complications of photon isolation that beset studies of prompt photon production. We provide predictions for the spin-averaged and spin-dependent differential cross sections as a function of transverse momentum Q(sub T). NTIS Gluons; Protons; Density (Number/Volume) 191
20010104348 Technische Univ., Computer Architecture and Digital Tec, Delft, Netherlands Charmonium Formation in Two-Photon Collisions van Rhee, T.; Jun. 10, 1972; 146p; In English Report No.(s): PB2002-100074; Copyright; Avail: National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Microfiche Particle physics is the study of the fundamental constituents of matter and the interactions between these constituents. The question of what matter is made of has interested people for a long time. Ancient Greek philosophers already proposed that matter should consist of four constituents: earth, water, fire, and air. Since that time, many discoveries were made and many new theories were developed. Currently, the experimental observations in particle physics are well described by the Standard Model. This model states that all matter is built up from quarks and leptons, which are infinitely small and cannot be divided into smaller constituents. The six leptons and six quarks are grouped into three families of two leptons and two quarks each. In the first family, one finds the up (u) and down (d) quarks, of which protons and neutrons are built, and the well-known electron (e). NTIS Elementary Particle Interactions; Charm (Particle Physics); Photons 20010104650 Oak Ridge National Lab., TN USA Overcoming Thermal Shock Problems in Liquid Targets Taleyarkhan, R. P.; Kim, S. H.; Jun. 01, 2000; 5p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-771553; P00-106500; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche Short pulse accelerator-driven neutron sources such as the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) employ high-energy proton beam energy deposition in heavy metal (such as mercury) over microsecond time frames. The interaction of the energetic proton beam with the mercury target leads to very high heating rates in the target. Although the resulting temperature rise is relatively small (a few (degree)C ), the rate of temperature rise is enormous ((approximately)10(sup 7) C/s) during the very brief beam pulse ((approximately)0.58 (micro)s). The resulting thermal-shock induced compression of the mercury leads to the production of large amplitude pressure waves in the mercury that interact with the walls of the mercury target and the bulk flow field. Safety-related operational concerns exist in two main areas, viz., (1) possible target enclosure failure from impact of thermal shocks on the wall due to its direct heating from the proton beam and the loads transferred from the mercury compression waves, and (2) impact of the compression-cum-rarefaction wave-induced effects such as cavitation bubble emanation and fluid surging. Preliminary stress evaluations indicate stress levels approaching yielding conditions and beyond in select regions of the target. Also, the induction of cavitation (which could assist in attenuation) can also release gases that may accumulate at undesirable locations and impair heat transfer. NTIS Proton Beams; Heavy Metals; Targets; Thermal Shock; Cavitation Flow; Energy Transfer; Flow Distribution 20010104653 Oak Ridge National Lab., TN USA Nuclear Dependence of J/w and w Production Lee, W. M.; Awes, T. C.; Stankus, P. W.; Young, G. R.; Aug. 24, 1998; 5p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-771536; P00-106675; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche FNAL E866/NuSea has made a number of measurements of J/(psi) and (psi)(prime) production by 800 GeV protons on fixed targets of Be, Fe and W. Preliminary results are presented and discussed in the context of nuclear effects such as energy loss and multiple scattering of the partons, absorption of the produced c(bar c) pairs, and shadowing. Production mechanisms involving color-singlet or color-octet states for the c(bar c) pair which eventually forms a J/(psi) or (psi)(prime) have implications on the strength of absorption in the nucleus. These nuclear dependence studies arc critical in furthering the authors understanding of these processes towards future measurements at RHIC and the LHC, where J/(psi) suppression is predicted to be an important signature of the creation of quark-gluon plasma in heavy-ion collisions. NTIS Nuclear Physics; Production; Plasmas (Physics); Ionic Collisions; Energy Dissipation 20010104654 Oak Ridge National Lab., TN USA d/u Asymmetry in the Nucleon Sea Gagliardi, C. A.; Awes, T. C.; Stankus, P. W.; Young, G. R.; Aug. 24, 1998; 7p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-771522; P00-106676; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche Fermilab E866 has performed a precise measurement of the ratio of Drell-Yan yields from an 800 GeV/c proton beam incident on hydrogen and deuterium targets, leading to the first determinations of (bar d)-(bar u) and (bar d)-(bar u) in the proton as functions of (chi). The results show that (bar d) and (bar u) over a broad range of (chi) and provide valuable information regarding 192
the origins of the (bar d)/(bar u) asymmetry and the antiquark sea in the nucleon. No known symmetry requires equality of the (bar d) and (bar u) distributions in the proton. However, until recently it had been generally assumed that (bar d)((chi)) (approx) (bar u)((chi)), where (chi) is the fraction of the protons momentum (Bjorken-(chi)) carried by the antiquark, based both on the assumption that the majority of the antiquark sea in the nucleon originates from gluon splitting into q - (bar q) pairs and the lack of experimental evidence to the contrary. The first clear evidence that (bar d) (ne) (bar u) came from the NMC measurements of the structure functions F(sub 2)(sup p)((chi)) and F(sub 2)(sup n)((chi)) in deep-inelastic muon scattering on hydrogen and deuterium. NTIS Asymmetry; Nucleons; Deuterium; Inelastic Scattering; Muons 20010104660 Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA USA Cooling and Trapping of Atoms and Particles Final Report, 1 Oct. 1997-31 Mar. 2001 Chu, Steven; Mar. 31, 2001; 7p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-98-1-0219; AF Proj. 2301 Report No.(s): AD-A391460; AFRL-SR-BL-TR-01-0364; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche We showed that it is possible to cool atoms in a one dimensional optical lattice using to a novel degenerate sideband cooling technique. This method was then extended to a three dimension optical lattice. With this method, we are able capture all the atoms in a MOT and directly cool them to the photon recoil temperature at phase space densities of 1/500 using low powered (20 mW) diode laser beams. This represents a 2 1/2 order of magnitude increase in phase space density over the best form of grey optical molasses. DTIC Cooling; Trapping; Interferometry; Charged Particles; Atoms; Trapped Particles; Laser Beams 20010104667 Colorado Univ., Dept. of Chemistry, Boulder, CO USA Pyridinium-Coupled Porphyrin-Based Molecular Grid Membrane Final Report, 1 Jun. 1998 - 31 May 2001 Michl, J.; Jul. 31, 2001; 8p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAG55-98-1-0310 Report No.(s): AD-A393590; Rept-153-4017; ARO-37675.14-CH; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Several types of molecular connectors have been synthesized and used for the preparation of two kinds of regular two-dimensional molecular grids on liquid surfaces. The connectors are connected into square or hexagonal networks by hydrogen-bonding couplers such as hydroquinones or by mercury cations. The electrochemistry, spectroscopy, and scanning tunneling imaging of the structures have been investigated, and in some cases extensive long-range order was observed. In addition, the relation between the conformation of saturated linear silicon chains and their electronic states have been investigated by methods based on photophysics, spectroscopy, and quantum theory. DTIC Molecules; Electrochemistry; Synthesis (Chemistry); Membranes; Porphyrins; Electron States 20010105180 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USA Design of an Ogive-Shaped Beamstop Van Hagan, T. H.; Doll, D. W.; Schneider, J. D.; Spinos, F. R.; Aug. 23, 1998; 6p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-762099; LA-UR-98-3612; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche This paper addresses the evolution, design, and development of a novel approach for stopping cw (continuous-wave), non-rastered proton beams. Capturing the beam in vacuo within a long, axisymmetric surface of revolution has the advantages of spreading the deposited energy over a large area while minimizing prompt neutron backstreaming and reducing shield size and mass. Evolving from a cylinder/cone concept, the ogive shape avoids abrupt changes in geometry that produce sharp thermal transitions, allowing the beam energy to be deposited gracefully along its surface. Thermal management at modest temperature levels is provided with a simple, one-pass countercurrent forced-convection water passage outside the ogive. Hydrophone boiling sensors provide overtemperature protection. The concept has been demonstrated under beam conditions in the CRITS (Chalk River Injector Test Stand) facility. NTIS Proton Beams; Design Analysis; Continuous Radiation; Ogives; Stopping 193
20010105184 Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM USA Ab-Initio Studies of AlSb(001) Adatom Behavior and Reconstruction Modine, M. A.; Kim, H.; Kaxiras, E.; Aug. 29, 2000; 11p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-761885; SAND2000-2172C; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche We discuss a recent investigation of adatom behavior on the AlSb(001) surface using first-principles electronic structure methods based on the density functional theory. For Al and Sb adatoms, we find a number of novel adatom structures that differ dramatically from previous results for the superficially similar group-III arsenides. In particular, we conclude that it is energetically favorable for an Al adatom to incorporate substitutionally into the outermost layer of the AlSb surface. This observation helps motivate a proposed new reconstruction for the AlSb(001) surface. NTIS Electronic Structure; Thin Films; Aluminum Compounds; Antimony Compounds; Atoms 20010105198 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USA Design and Development of the LEDA Slow Wire Scanner Profile Measurement OHara, J. F.; Power, J. F.; Ledford, J.; Gilpatrick, J. D.; Stettler, M.; Aug. 31, 1998; 9p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-16836; KCP-613-6071; DE98-059409; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge The Low Energy Demonstration Accelerator (LEDA) (1, 2) is being developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory as part of the Accelerator Production of Tritium (APT) project. One of the diagnostics being developed to commission LEDA (3) is a slow wire scanner beam profile measurement. Initial profile measurements will be made at 6.7 MeV beam energy and 100 mA beam current. The wire scanner is an interceptive device that will move two silicon carbide coated graphite mono-filament fibers (wires) through the beam, in order to obtain the profile. Some of the design considerations discussed are; Mechanical design, wire temperature analysis, secondary electron detection, signal processing, and system control. NTIS Scanners; Design Analysis; Fabrication; Measure and Integration; Signal Processing; Beams (Radiation) 20010105221 Texas Univ., Arlington, TX USA Research in experimental elementary particle physics. A proposal to the U.S. Department of Energy White, A. P.; De, K.; Draper, P. A.; Stephens, R.; Apr. 13, 1995; 98p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-763287; DOE/ER/40691-1-VOL-1; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche We report on the activities of the High Energy Physics Group at the University of Texas at Arlington for the period 1994-95. We propose the continuation of the research program for 1996-98 with strong participation in the detector upgrade and physics analysis work for the D0 Experiment at Fermilab, prototyping and pre-production studies for the muon and calorimeter systems for the ATLAS Experiment at CERN, and detector development and simulation studies for the PP2PP Experiment at Brookhaven. NTIS Elementary Particles; High Energy Interactions 20010105222 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USA Trapping Radioactive Atoms for Basic and Applied Research Vieira, D.; Crane, S.; Jan. 01, 2000; 10p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-763265; LA-UR-00-123; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche With the great advances in our ability to trap, cool and manipulate neutral atoms, we have a wonderful new tool with which to undertake high-precision and/or ultra-sensitive experiments. Herein we highlight the application of atom trapping technology to the trapping of radioactive atoms. NTIS Atoms; Trapping; Neutral Atoms; Radioactivity 20010105223 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USA Monte Carlo Advances for the EOLUS ASCI Project Hendrick, J. S.; McKinney, G. W.; Cox, L. J.; Jan. 01, 2000; 11p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-763256; LA-UR-00-54; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche The Eolus ASCI project includes parallel, 3-D transport simulation for various nuclear applications. The codes developed within this project provide neutral and charged particle transport, detailed interaction physics, numerous source and tally 194
capabilities, and general geometry packages. One such code is MCNPW which is a general purpose, 3-dimensional, time-dependent, continuous-energy Monte Carlo fully-coupled N-Particle transport code. Significant advances are also being made in the areas of modern software engineering and parallel computing. These advances are described in detail. NTIS Monte Carlo Method; Computer Programming; Parallel Processing (Computers); Software Engineering; Time Dependence 20010105242 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USA Coherent Coupling Criterion for Three-Dimensional Halo Formation Ryne, R. D.; Qiang, J.; Hofmann, I.; Mar. 29, 1999; 6p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-761236; LA-UR-99-2181; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge In this paper we study coupling between the transverse and longitudinal degrees-of-freedom in intense, rms mis-matched charged particle beams. We find that a coherent (2:1, i.e., parametric) resonance between the transverse and longitudinal mismatch eigenmodes has the effect that a transverse breathing mode; mismatch can excite a longitudinal mismatch and halo. If the resonance condition is not satisfied we find practically no coupling. We compare results obtained with the 3D rms envelope equations in a uniform focusing channel with those obtained using large scale, 3D parallel Particle-In-Cell (PIC) simulations. NTIS Charged Particles; Halos; Particle Beams; Coupling 20010105267 Oak Ridge National Lab., TN USA Relativistic Electron Transport Through Carbon Foils Seliger, M.; Tokesi, K.; Reinhold, C. O.; Bugdorfer, J.; Aug. 04, 2000; 10p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-771401; P00-108635; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche We present a theoretical study of convoy electron emissions resulting from transmission of relativistic 390 MeV/amu Ar17+ ions through carbon foils of various thicknesses. Our approach is based on a Langevin equation describing the random walk of the electron initially bound to the argon nucleus and later in the continuum. The calculated spectra of ejected electrons in the forward direction exhibits clear signatures of multiple scattering and is found to be in good agreement with recent experimental data. NTIS Electron Transfer; Relativistic Particles; Foils (Materials); Electrons 20010105273 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USA Subcritical Neutron Multiplication Measurements of HEU Using Delayed Neutrons as the Driving Source Hollas, C. L.; Goulding, C. A.; Myers, W. L.; Sep. 20, 1999; 10p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-761233; LA-UR-99-2192; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge A new method for the determination of the multiplication of highly enriched uranium systems is presented. The method uses delayed neutrons to drive the HEU system. These delayed neutrons are from fission events induced by a pulsed 14-MeV neutron source. Between pulses, neutrons are detected within a medium efficiency neutron detector using He-3 ionization tubes within polyethylene enclosures. The neutron detection times are recorded relative to the initiation of the 14-MeV neutron pulse, and subsequently analyzed with the Feynman reduced variance method to extract singles, doubles and triples neutron counting rates. Measurements have been made on a set of nested hollow spheres of 93% enriched uranium, with mass values from 3.86 kg to 21.48 kg. The singles, doubles and triples counting rates for each uranium system are compared to calculations from point kinetics models of neutron multiplicity to assign multiplication values. These multiplication values are compared to those from MC NP K-Code calculations. NTIS Neutrons; Helium Isotopes; Ionization; Uranium; Neutron Counters 20010105469 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USA Low Energy (e,2e) Ionization of Argon in the Equal Energy Sharing Geometry Mazevet, S.; Vien, G. N.; Tannous, C.; Sep. 18, 2000; 12p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-762705; LA-UR-00-4321; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche Quantum Defect (QD) information is widely exploited in modern spectroscopy, to characterize Rydberg states and in the calculation of the photoionization cross sections of various atomic and molecular species. In the present work, we show that QD information, used within the Distorted Wave Born Approximation (DWBA) frame-work, might also prove useful for the description of ionization processes by presenting an alternative way to account for the short range interactions (static and 195
exchange) in the calculation of the final state continuum distorted waves. The range of validity of this approach reaches beyond that 3 of the commonly used Furness-McCarthy local exchange approximation 4. Compared to the determination of the Hartree-Fock non-local operator 5, which becomes rapidly a tedious task as the size of the target increases, our method allows for a target-independent procedure which can be readily applied to much larger atomic or molecular systems. NTIS Argon; Atmospheric Chemistry; Born Approximation; Photoionization; Gas Ionization; Distortion
73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS
Includes nuclear particles; and reactor theory. For space radiation see 93 Space Radiation. For atomic and molecular physics see 72 Atomic and Molecular Physics. For elementary particle physics see 77 Physics of Elementary Particles and Fields. For nuclear astrophysics see 90 Astrophysics.
20010099879 Argonne National Lab., IL USA Experiments with radioactive beams at ATLAS Rehm, K. E.; Ahmad, I.; Blackmon, J.; Borasi, F.; Caggiano, J.; Oct. 02, 2000; 6p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-766295; ANL/PHY/CP-102263; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche Various beams of short- and long-lived radioactive nuclei have recently been produced at the ATLAS accelerator at Argonne National Laboratory, using either the so-called In-Flight or the Two-Accelerator method. NTIS Ion Beams; Radioactive Isotopes; Ion Accelerators; Nuclear Radiation
20010100258 Pennsylvania Univ., Medical Image Processing Group, Philadelphia, PA USA A Computational Approach Toward Identification of Malignant Lesions of the Human Breast: The Dynamics of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agent Uptake Annual Report Kaufman, Jonathan H.; Leigh, John S.; Sep. 2000; 167p; In English; Original contains color plates Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-98-1-8231 Report No.(s): AD-A391318; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A08, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche Breast tumors have a higher sodium content than normal tissue. Thus, sodium magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could prove to be a valuable non-invasive diagnostic for Breast Cancer. MRI is commonly used in clinical settings to image the interior of the human body. Currently, all clinical MRI protocols are sensitive to water or fat. Adjustments to MRI equipment can enable the technology to be sensitive to sodium. This research presents the results of technical developments within MRI to non-invasively image sodium content in a human breast. This imaging technology, in combination with existing MRI techniques, could lead to a new method for screening and staging the progression of breast cancer. DTIC Diagnosis; Magnetic Resonance; Imaging Techniques; Sodium; Cancer; Mammary Glands
20010105186 Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA USA Large applications and challenges of state-of-the-art superconducting RF (SRF) technologies Nov. 01, 1997; 12p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-548740; DOE/ER/40150--1193; JLAB-ACC--97-28; DE98-001155; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge Various applications of superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) accelerating structures in many fields around the world are introduced. These applications consist of high energy physics, nuclear physics, free electron lasers, energy amplifiers, nuclear materials and the treatment of radioactive wastes. A review of recent development of SRF technologies is presented. The authors also briefly discuss the future prospects of SRF technologies and applications. NTIS Nuclear Physics; Radio Frequencies; Superconductivity 196
20010105208 Florida State Univ., Tallahassee, FL USA High energy physics Progress Report, 1 Jul. 1996 - 30 Jun. 1997 Jul. 31, 1997; 84p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-764080; DOE/ER/40319-1-VOL-1; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche In this document the High Energy Physics Group reviews its accomplishments during the past few years and presents plans for continuing research during the next several years. NTIS High Energy Interactions; Research 20010105256 Oak Ridge National Lab., TN USA PU Disposition in Russian VVERs: Physics Studies of Lead Test Assembly Design Ellis, R. J.; May 07, 2000; 18p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-771483; P00-106294; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche As part of Fissile Materials Disposition Program (FMDP) physics support was given to the design of a mixed oxide fuels (MOX) lead test assembly (LTA) for use in Russian VVER nuclear reactors. This paper discusses some of the pertinent findings and assessments for two distinct LTA designs for weapons-grade (WG) Pu dispositioning in Russian VVER-1000 nuclear reactors. The two assessed MOX LTA designs are the graded-zone full MOX LTA and the Island LTA (two central zones of MOX pins surrounded by UO2 pins). The process of optimizing the graded Pu-content by zone in the fuel assembly is discussed. Eigenvalue and power peaking comparisons are made as a function of fuel burnup. Zero-power reactivity effects were calculated for the different LTA options. For the ORNL results, the n,(gamma)-transport lattice physics code HELIOS-1.4 was used with nuclear data libraries (based on ENDF/B-VI) in 89 and 190 neutron energy groups. Some comparisons are made between the ORNL HELIOS results and corresponding Russian LTA calculations by the RRC-KI (Kurchatov Institute) using the code TVS-M. Also in this paper, pertinent results are discussed from a study of void reactivity effects for LEU, RG MOX and WG MOX fuels in PWR and VVER-1000 nuclear reactors. These void reactivity calculations were performed for a large range of LEU enrichments (2-20 wt% U-235), and large ranges of Pu-content (2-20 wt% Pu) in RG and WG MOX fuel. NTIS Plutonium; Reactivity; Reactor Physics 20010105259 Oak Ridge National Lab., TN USA Shielding Benchmark Computational Analysis Hunter, H. T.; Slater, C. O.; Holland, L. B.; Tracz, G.; Marshall, W. J.; Sep. 17, 2000; 8p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-771417; P00-107854; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche Over the past several decades, nuclear science has relied on experimental research to verify and validate information about shielding nuclear radiation for a variety of applications. These benchmarks are compared with results from computer code models and are useful for the development of more accurate cross-section libraries, computer code development of radiation transport modeling, and building accurate tests for miniature shielding mockups of new nuclear facilities. When documenting measurements, one must describe many parts of the experimental results to allow a complete computational analysis. Both old and new benchmark experiments, by any definition, must provide a sound basis for modeling more complex geometries required for quality assurance and cost savings in nuclear project development. Benchmarks may involve one or many materials and thicknesses, types of sources, and measurement techniques. In this paper the benchmark experiments of varying complexity are chosen to study the transport properties of some popular materials and thicknesses. These were analyzed using three-dimensional (3-D) models and continuous energy libraries of MCNP4B2, a Monte Carlo code developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico. A shielding benchmark library provided the experimental data and allowed a wide range of choices for source, geometry, and measurement data. NTIS Radiation Transport; Radiation Shielding; Three Dimensional Models; Transport Properties 20010105270 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USA Verification of MCNP and DANT/sys With the Analytic Benchmark Test Set Parsons, D. K.; Sood, A.; Forster, R. A.; Little, R. C.; Sep. 20, 1999; 11p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-762718; LA-UR-99-2566; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche The recently published analytic benchmark test set has been used to verify the multigroup option of Monte Carlo Neutron Proton (MCNP) and also the deterministic Diffusion-Accelerated Neutral-Particle Transport (DANT)/sys series of codes for 197
criticality calculations. All seventy-five problems of the test set give values for K(sub eff) accurate to at least five significant digits. Flux ratios and flux shapes are also available for many of the problems. All seventy-five problems have been run by both the MCNP and DANT/sys codes and comparisons to K(sub eff) and flux shapes have been made. NTIS Neutrons; Photons; Transport Properties; Program Verification (Computers) 20010105280 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USA Criticality Safety Information Resource Center (CSIRC) at Los Alamos National Laboratory Henderson, B. D.; Meade, R. A.; Pruvost, N. L.; Sep. 20, 1999; 7p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-762500; LA-UR-99-2228; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche The Criticality Safety Information Resource Center (CSIRC) at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) is a program jointly funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) in conjunction with the Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board (DNFSB) Recommendation 97-2. The goal of CSIRC is to preserve primary criticality safety documentation from U.S. critical experimental sites and to make this information available for the benefit of the technical community. Progress in archiving criticality safety primary documents at the LANL archives as well as efforts to make this information available to researchers are discussed. The CSIRC project has a natural linkage to the International Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project (ICSBEP). This paper raises the possibility that the CSIRC project will evolve in a fashion similar to the ICSBEP. Exploring the implications of linking the CSIRC to the international criticality safety community is the motivation for this paper. NTIS Radiation Protection; Safety Management
74 OPTICS
Includes light phenomena and the theory of optical devices. For lasers see 36 Lasers and Masers.
20010099595 Arizona Univ., Dept. of Mathematics, Tucson, AZ USA Interactive and Large Scale Supercomputing Simulations in Nonlinear Optics Final Report, 1 Apr. 2000 - 31-Mar. 2001 Moloney, J. V.; Mar. 31, 2001; 2p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-00-1-0190 Report No.(s): AD-A393010; AFRL-SR-BL-TR-01-0425; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche The DURIP 99 initiative award was used primarily far a major upgrade of a dual rack ONYX2 Silicon Graphics system. The upgrade consisted in purchasing 8 of the newest generation of 400 MHz CPUs, converting one of ONYX2 racks into a fully loaded 16-processor Origin 2000/2400 system and moving both high performance graphics heads into the top half of the remaining ONYX2 rack. The existing 14 processor system consisted of a mix of 6 195 MHz and 8250 MHz CPUs running in a system with 6 Gigabytes of memory. In addition, Silicon Graphics replaced our existing mix of 14 195 and 250 MHz CPUs by 14300 MHz CPUs at no added cost. The new system provides a state-of-the-art graphical visualization and computing capability. It also offers cost-effective upgrade route. The reconfigured in-house supercomputing engine provides a significant boost to our past and ongoing AFOSR-funded research projects. DTIC Nonlinear Optics; Supercomputers; Computerized Simulation; Computation 20010099876 Department of the Navy, Washington, DC USA Hybrod Brillouin/Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier Apparatus and Method Strutz, Shane J., Inventor; Williams, K. J., Inventor; Jul. 30, 2001; 23p; In English Patent Info.: Filed 30 Jul. 2001; US-Patent-Appl-SN-09,916,498 Report No.(s): AD-D019951; No Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity (Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)), Microfiche A method and apparatus to enable the use of low cost high RIN optical sources for microwave photonic links by combining the wide-gain bandwidth and low cost of an EDFA, with the narrow gain bandwidth of a Brillouin amplifier. The hybrid Brillouin/EDEA (hybrid amplifier) apparatus of the present invention includes at least two couplers, a phase modulator, an Erbium-doped fiber, a laser source to pump the Erbium fiber, an optical circulator, and a length of fiber used for Brillouin amplification. Optical signals from the laser source are split into two optical paths by a polarization maintaining coupler. Optical signals passing through a first path are amplified by the Erbium doped fiber, and the amplified signals are passed through the 198
optical circulator before sending the optical signals into one end of a spool of fiber in order to pump the Brillouin acoustic wave. Optical signals that follow a second path are phase modulated in a phase modulator at the Brillouin frequency and injected into an opposite end of the fiber spool in order to seed the Brillouin amplifier and improve its low frequency stability. The output of the Brillouin section of the hybrid amplifier is directed through the optical circulator, and the output may be used as an optical source for a-photonic link. DTIC Fiber Optics; Optical Communication; Laser Outputs 20010100455 Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA USA Optical SOLO Autonomous Profiler Development and Operation Deployment in the Japan-East Sea Final Report, 15 Feb. 1999-14 Feb. 2001 Mitchell, B. G.; Sherman, Jeffrey T.; Aug. 10, 2001; 6p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-99-1-0348 Report No.(s): AD-A393888; SIO-99-1258; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche We developed a unique system, called K-SOLO, that is an integration of the Sounding Oceanographic Lagrangian Observer (SOLO) and a profiling 3-wavelength downwelling irradiance% (Ed) sensor (Biospherical Instruments PER-300). The system measures temperature and allows calculation of spectral diffuse attenuation coefficients (K) at 380, 490 and 555 nm from the depth derivative of downwelling irradiance (e.g. K = -1/ED dEd/dz). Data is relayed via satellite when the unit is on the surface. by measuring K rather than absolute radiometric quantities or inherent optical properties, the system is not sensitive to changes in calibration or bio-fouling. K-SOLO was deployed from RN Khromov in the Sea of Japan near 410 degrees N and 1340 degrees E in March, 2000 and transmitted profiled data every second day until the middle of August, 2000. The unit was caught by a Japanese fishing vessel and recently returned to SIO. The SOLO unit suffered major damage and can not be re-utilized. The radiometer is being assessed. DTIC Attenuation Coefficients; Irradiance; Oceanography; Optical Properties; Remote Sensing 20010103775 Argonne National Lab., IL USA Future metrology needs for FEL reflective optics Assoufid, L.; Sep. 21, 2000; 9p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-764274; ANL/UPD/CP-102943; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche An International Workshop on Metrology for X-ray and Neutron Optics has been held March 16-17, 2000, at the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, near Chicago, Illinois (USA). The workshop gathered engineers and scientists from both the U.S. and around the world to evaluate metrology instrumentation and methods used to characterize surface figure and finish for long grazing incidence optics used in beamlines at synchrotrons radiation sources. This two-day workshop was motivated by the rapid evolution in the performance of x-ray and neutron sources along with requirements in optics figure and finish. More specifically, the performance of future light sources, such as free-electron laser (FEL)-based x-ray sources, is being pushed to new limits in term of both brilliance and coherence. As a consequence, tolerances on surface figure and finish of the next generation of optics are expected to become tighter. The timing of the workshop provided an excellent opportunity to study the problem, evaluate the state of the art in metrology instrumentation, and stimulate innovation on future metrology instruments and techniques to be used to characterize these optics. This paper focuses on FEL optics and metrology needs. (A more comprehensive summary of the workshop can be found elsewhere.) The performance and limitations of current metrology instrumentation will be discussed and recommendations from the workshop on future metrology development to meet the FEL challenges will be detailed. NTIS Free Electron Lasers; Reflection; Metrology; Optics 20010103994 Argonne National Lab., IL USA Simple and effective modification of a sagittally focusing x-ray diffraction optic Tajiri, G.; Khounsary, A.; Mancini, D.; Sep. 21, 2000; 11p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-764272; ANL/UPD/CP-102922; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche Some experiments performed at bending magnet beamlines at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) will benefit from a focused photon beam. A commercial sagittal focusing bender that uses a simple rectangular plate as the diffraction element could be 199
utilized for this purpose. However, the thin rectangular diffracting plate, specified by the manufacturer, is susceptible to anticlastic bending. A simple ribbed plate that utilizes this commercial bender that reduces anticlastic bending is proposed as a solution. This design uses a pair of sufficiently stiff ribs on the diffracting surface, which substantially suppresses anticlastic bending. The finite element analysis (FIW) method was used to predict the overall structural response of this sagittally bent plate and its anticlastic distortion. Results are compared with unribbed plates showing an effective reduction in anticlastic bending. NTIS X Ray Diffraction; Photon Beams; Beams (Radiation) 20010104402 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA USA Some New Approaches to Solving Constrained Transfer Line Matching Problems Woodley, M. D.; Jan. 22, 2001; 4p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-784838; SLAC-PUB-8717; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche A common type of matching problem involves finding the strengths for four (4) quadrupoles in a transfer line, that will transport a particular beam at the entrance, to produce a beam at the exit of the line with a specified set of horizontal and vertical Twiss parameters. A number of optics programs may be used to find a solution to this type of problem, but the quadrupole strengths obtained are not always satisfactory or optimal with regard to other requirements. The non-uniqueness of the solutions (different solutions have different phase advances) offers the possibility that some of these other requirements could be used to differentiate between solutions. The constrained, nonlinear, optimization program NPSOL has been integrated into a software package that can use the outputs of various optics codes to formulate nonlinear constraints and objective (merit) functions. The package has been used to look for different solutions for the SLAC transfer lines between linac sectors 1 and 2 for three configurations involving (a) the electron damping ring, (b) the damping ring bypass, and (c) the positron damping ring. The software is briefly described and a summary of selected results obtained to date is presented. NTIS Linear Accelerators; Applications Programs (Computers); Bypasses; Nonlinearity 20010105215 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USA Molecular Architectural Approach to Novel Electro-Optical Materials Li, D.; Johal, M. S.; Smilowitz, L. B.; Robinson, J. M.; Jun. 29, 1999; 17p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-763892; LA-UR-99-2683; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche This is the final report of a three-year, Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) project at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). The goal is to construct polar multilayers with nonlinear optical coefficients larger than classical inorganic crystals such as KDP or quartz. The strategy is to use various chemical interactions such as covalent bonds or hydrogen bonding to build polar structures. We have synthesized novel barbituric acid and melamine derivatives that will spontaneously self-assemble into a supramolecular ribbon according to their complementary H-bond motif. This supramolecular ribbon can then stack into a polar multilayer structure as verified by sum frequency generation (w(sub 1)+w(sub 2)) or second harmonic generation (when w(sub 1)=w(sub 2)). Second harmonic generation yields a value of d(sub 33)=3.2 pm/V for the self-assembled films and sum frequency generation shows a net polar orientation of the methyl groups in the multilayer along the surface normal. X-ray diffraction confirms the layered structure and produces the periodicity of (approximately)41 A, which corresponds well to the width of the supramolecular ribbons ((approximately)40 A). NTIS Electro-Optics; Crystals; Methyl Compounds; Nonlinearity; Quartz 20010105226 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USA Optical Measurement of Photosensitizer Concentration Using a Probe with a small source-detector separation Canpolat, M.; Mourant, J. R.; Jan. 01, 2000; 12p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-763252; LA-UR-00-22; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche We present a novel minimally invasive method to measure the concentration of photodynamic therapy drugs in real time. The method is based on measurements of backscattered and fluorescence light using a steady state fluorescence spectrometer. The ratio of the fluorescence to scattered light is found to be linearly proportional to the absorption coefficient of the photosensitizer. The fiber-optic probe used for the measurements has a small source-detector separation, therefore the measurements could be performed through the working channel of an endoscope. NTIS Photosensitivity; Optical Measurement; Backscattering; Endoscopes; Fiber Optics 200
20010105249 California Univ., Lawrence Berkeley Lab., Berkeley, CA USA Effect of hydrogen insertion on the optical properties of PD-coated magnesium lanthanides vonRottkay, K.; Rubin, M.; Michalak, F.; Armitage, R.; Richardson, T.; Sep. 01, 1998; 12p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-771636; LBNL-42277; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge Metallic magnesium lanthanide thin films upon insertion of hydrogen transform to a highly transparent hydride phase. With a Pd overlayer, the transformation is accompanied by a large change in visible reflectance (about 50%). The optical switching effect in these materials is investigated in terms of changes in the complex refractive index as determined by variable-angle spectroscopic ellipsometric and normal-incidence radiometric measurements over the solar spectrum. NTIS Magnesium Compounds; Optical Properties; Hydrogen; Thin Films; Lanthanum Compounds; Rare Earth Compounds 20010105285 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USA High-Damage-Threshold Pinhole for Glass Fusion Laser Applications Kumit, N. A.; Letzring, S. A.; Johnson, R. P.; Jun. 07, 1998; 8p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-762102; LA-UR-98-3626; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche We are investigating methods to fabricate high-damage-threshold spatial-filter pinholes that might not be susceptible to plasma closure for relatively high energies and long pulses. These are based on the observation that grazing-incidence reflection from glass can withstand in excess of 5 kJ/sq cm (normal to the beam) without plasma formation. The high damage threshold results from both the cos q spreading of the energy across the surface and the reflection of a large fraction of the energy from the surface, thereby greatly reducing the field strength within the medium. NTIS Laser Applications; Pinholes; Solid State Lasers; Fabrication; Glass Lasers; Plasmas (Physics)
75 PLASMA PHYSICS
Includes magnetohydrodynamics and plasma fusion. For ionospheric plasmas see 46 Geophysics. For space plasmas see 90 Astrophysics.
20010100383 Maxwell Technologies, Inc., Federal Div., Albuquerque, NM USA Field Reversed Configuration Formation Simulations with MACH2 Final Report, 16 May-30 Nov 2000 Markin, George J., Maxwell Technologies, Inc., USA; Frese, Michael H., Maxwell Technologies, Inc., USA; December 2000; 22p; In English; Original contains color plates Contract(s)/Grant(s): F29601-00-D-0055; AF Proj. 5797 Report No.(s): AD-A389090; AFRL-DE-TR-2001-1001; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Microfiche; A03, Hardcopy A Field Reversed Configuration (FRC) plasma is formed by applying a modest magnetic bias field to a gas, then ionizing the gas, and quickly applying a larger field of opposite polarity. The theta pinch that results can produce a magnetically insulated plasma of hundreds of electron volts in temperature. Simulations of this experiment can now be performed using the 2 1/2-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) code MACH2. This report describes the modifications to the code employed and simulations performed to test the model that explores three different anomalous resistivity models and three different initial densities for one of those models. DTIC Magnetic Fields; Gas Ionization; Plasmas (Physics) 20010100407 Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Laser Produced Plasma Physics Dept., Warsaw, Poland International Workshop on Dense Magnetized Plasmas Final Report Oct. 14, 2000; 49p; In English, 12-14 Oct. 2000, Kudowa Zdroj, Poland Contract(s)/Grant(s): F61775-01-WF-005 Report No.(s): AD-A393175; EOARD-CSP-01-5005; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche The Final Proceedings for International Workshop on Dense Magnetized Plasmas-IWDMP2000, 12 October 2000 - 14 October 2000. This is an interdisciplinary conference. Topics include (1) Components; (2) Particle Technology; (3) Synthesis, Production and Processing; and (4) Characterization of Dense Magnetized Plasmas. DTIC Particle Energy; Procedures; Dense Plasmas 201
20010103250 Naval Research Lab., Washington, DC USA Langmuir Probe Measurement Techniques and Data Analysis for LAPPS Blackwell, D. D.; Walton, S. G.; Leonhardt, D.; Fernsler, R. F.; Jun. 11, 2001; 17p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A391704; NRL/MR/6752.01-8551; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Langmuir probe diagnostics have been applied to an inductively coupled test discharge as part of the diagnostics development effort for the Large Area Plasma Processing System at NRL. The method of calculating electron energy from the EEDF derived from the probe second derivative is compared with more traditional methods of fitting the probe characteristics to a known function assuming a Maxwellian distribution. It is shown that under some circumstances the local plasma around the probe can be perturbed such that fewer electrons are sourced to the probe than theory would predict for a non-perturbing diagnostic, resulting in a higher average electron energy. DTIC Data Processing; Coupling; Maxwell-Boltzmann Density Function; Electrostatic Probes
20010103770 California Univ., Lawrence Berkeley Lab., Berkeley, CA USA Some consequences to ion source behavior of high plasma drift velocity Brown, I. G.; Monteiro, O. R.; Bilek, M. M. M.; Keidar, M.; Oks, E. M.; Apr. 01, 1999; 18p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-764337; LBNL-43111; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche We consider the case of energetic ion beam formation when the ion streaming velocity within the source plasma is substantial, i.e., when the ions have a drift speed (in the positive downstream direction) that is of order of or greater than the ion acoustic speed in the plasma. Some interesting consequences can follow, including the capability of a negatively biased substrate located in the plasma stream to maintain high bias voltage, and of an ion source with no extractor or conventionally poor extractor providing a kind of plasma immersion ion implantation mode of operation. Here we summarize the kind of plasma geometry in which this situation can occur, and describe some experimental observations weve made of these effects, with reference to a simple theoretical basis for the mechanism. NTIS Ion Sources; Plasma Drift; Drift Rate; Ion Implantation; Acoustic Velocity
20010104651 Oak Ridge National Lab., TN USA Signatures of Quark-Gluon Plasma Phase Transition in High-Energy Nuclear Collisions Wong, C. Y.; May 22, 2000; 12p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-771552; P00-108152; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche In high-energy nuclear collisions, the new phase of the quark-gluon plasma is indicated by an anomalous increase in pressure, an excess of direct photon production, an excess of strangeness production, and an anomalous J/(psi) suppression. We review these signatures and discuss how recent high-energy heavy-ion experiments at CERN are consistent with the production of the quark-gluon plasma in high-energy Pb+Pb collisions. NTIS Signatures; Gluons; Collisions; Plasmas (Physics)
20010104670 Princeton Univ., Dept. of Material and Aerospace Engineering, NJ USA Shock Propagation and Supersonic Drag in Low Temperature Plasmas Final Report, 1 Jul. 1997 - 31 Dec. 1999 Miles, Richard B.; Aug. 23, 2001; 142p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-97-1-0497 Report No.(s): AD-A393624; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A07, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche This work supported the development of new diagnostic techniques, modeling, and a series of experiments designed to study the propagation of shock waves through weakly ionized plasmas. It also supported the design and construction of a small-scale, supersonic, microwave-coupled wind tunnel to determine the effects of weakly ionized plasmas on supersonic flow properties and shock stand-off distances around blunt bodies. The motivation of the work was to establish whether the ions and electrons in the weakly ionized plasma affected the shock propagation, as has been claimed by some research groups. DTIC Wave Propagation; Supersonic Drag; Low Temperature; Shock Wave Propagation; Plasmas (Physics) 202
20010105276 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USA Initial Design of the 60 Megawatt Rotating Magnetic Field (RMF) Oscillator System for the University of Washington TCS Field Reversed Configuration Experiment Reass, W. A.; Miera, D. A.; Wurden, G. A.; Oct. 06, 1997; 7p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-762879; LA-UR-98-135; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche This paper presents the initial electrical and mechanical design of two phase-locked 30 Megawatt RMS, 150 kHz oscillator systems used for current drive and plasma sustainment of the Translation, Confinement, and Sustainment (TCS) field reversed configuration (FRC) plasma. by the application of orthogonally-placed saddle coils on the surface of the glass vacuum vessel, the phase-controlled rotating magnetic field perturbation will induce an electric field in the plasma which should counter the intrinsic ohmic decay of the plasma, and maintain the FRC. Each system utilizes a bank of 6 parallel magnetically beamed ML8618 triodes. These devices are rated at 250 Amperes cathode current and a 45 kV plate voltage. An advantage of the magnetically beamed triode is their extreme efficiency, requiring only 2.5 kW of filament and a few amps and a few kV of grid drive. Each 3.5 uH saddle coil is configured with an adjustable tank circuit (for tuning). Assuming no losses and a nominal 18 kV plate voltage, the tubes can circulate about 30 kV and 9 kA (pk to pk) in the saddle coil antenna, a circulating power of over 33 megawatts RMS. On each cycle the tubes can kick in up to 1500 Amperes, providing a robust phase control. DC high-voltage from the tubes is isolated from the saddle coil antennas and tank circuits by a 1:1 coaxial air-core balun transformer. To control the ML8618s phase and amplitude, fast 150 Ampere totem-pole grid drivers, a hot-deck and an off hot-deck are utilized. The hot-decks use up to 6 each 3CPX1500A7 slotted radial beam triodes. by adjusting the conduction angle, amplitude may be regulated, with inter-pulse timing, phase angle can be controlled. A central feedback timing chassis monitors each systems saddle coil antenna and appropriately derives each systems timing signals. Fiber-optic cables are used to isolate between the control room timing chassis and the remote power oscillator system. Complete system design detail will be presented in addition to anticipated (computer generated) performance characteristics. Initial design and construction began in FY97, and will continue through FY98, with delivery to the experiment in FY99, for commencement of physics experiments on sustaining the FRC. NTIS Magnetic Fields; Oscillators; Phase Locked Systems; Phase Shift; Ground Based Control; Electric Potential; Plasmas (Physics); Plasma Control
76 SOLID-STATE PHYSICS
Includes condensed matter physics, crystallography, and superconductivity. For related information see also 33 Electronics and Electrical Engineering and 36 Lasers and Masers.
20010099422 California Univ., Los Angeles, CA USA A Novel TEM-Waveguide Using Uniplanar Compact Photonic Band-Gap (UC-PBG) Structure Yang, F. R.; Ma, K. P.; Qian, Y.; Itoh, T.; Jan. 1999; 5p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAH04-96-1-0389 Report No.(s): AD-A391184; ARO-35875.115-PH-MUR; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche A novel TEM-waveguide using a photonic band-gap (PBG) structure is presented. The uniplanar compact PBG (UC-PBG) structure which realizes a magnetic surface in the stopband is used in the wave guide walls. TEM mode has been observed by measuring the field distribution and phase velocity of the waveguide. DTIC Waveguides; Planar Structures; Energy Gaps (Solid State) 20010100404 California Univ., San Diego, Dept. of Physics, La Jolla, CA USA Construction of an Advanced Vacuum Deposition System for Fabrication of Tunneling and Nanostructured Magnetic Devices Final Report, 1 Apr. 1999 - 31Mar. 2001 Dynes, Robert C.; Jun. 27, 2001; 9p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-99-1-0171; AF Proj. 3484 Report No.(s): AD-A393165; AFRL-SR-BL-TR-01-0449; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche The purpose of this project was to build a deposition chamber dedicated to the fabrication of magnetic thin films and thin film structures to study electron transport and interactions in magnetic tunnel junctions and nanostructures. The laboratory of the PI has the capabilities for the deposition of conventional non-magnetic metals and a laser ablation system for the deposition of oxide 203
metals and superconductors, but as the interest have been moving toward the interactions of metals and superconductors with magnetic materials, a system exclusively committed to this end was requested and built. DTIC Vacuum Deposition; Deposition; Thin Films; Electron Transfer; Magnetic Materials; Electron Tunneling; Nanostructures (Devices) 20010101086 Argonne National Lab., IL USA Nanostructured materials for microstructural control of thermal properties Eastman, J. A.; Soyez, G.; Bai, G. R.; Thompson, L. J.; Sep. 26, 2000; 18p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-766308; ANL/MSD/CP-102957; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche Compared to many other properties of nanostructured materials such as their mechanical behavior, thermal transport properties have received considerably less attention. Recently, however, this area has begun to attract attention. It is well known that conventional polycrystalline materials typically exhibit lower thermal conductivity than low-defect single crystals of the same material. Several investigators have realized recently that this could result in significantly reduced thermal conductivities in nanostructured materials that could lead to important improvements in behavior for applications such as thermal barrier coatings (TBCS). Recent studies of grain-size dependent thermal conductivity in yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), the most commonly utilized thermal barrier material, have begun to investigate the feasibility of using nanostructured components in future-generation TBCS. NTIS Microstructure; Nanostructure (Characteristics); Mechanical Properties; Polycrystals; Thermal Conductivity 20010102548 Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA USA Quantum and Collective Effects in Information Processing and Communication Final Report, 1 Jun. - 31 Dec. 1999 Marcus, Charles M.; Dec. 1999; 4p; In English; Original contains color plates Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAD19-99-1-0252 Report No.(s): AD-A391449; ARO-40117.6-PH-MUR; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche The original aim of this MURI was to combine an experimental effort to develop tools to manipulate quantum coherence in the solid state. based on metallic wires, quantum point contacts, and the quantum Hall effect, with theoretical efforts aimed at understanding device architectures and the information capacity of quantum channels. The Marcus group aims to develop locally controlled magnetic fields in the vicinity of quantum point contacts and to develop novel heterostructure-based spin detectors. Both Marcus and Yamamoto have investigated the so-called 0.7 structure as a means of generating spin filtering properties and are actively pursuing the use of this feature in a quantum point contact as a spin filter. Marcus has demonstrated that the magnetic orientation of the gates can be flipped using on-chip current lines. Yamamoto is presently working to realize this device in a Hall-bar geometry in a high mobility GaAs heterostucture. Gershenson has focused on the role of electron spin in the 2D metal insulator transition, which may have important implications for 2D spin-tronic transisitors in semiconductors. DTIC Data Processing; Quantum Hall Effect; Semiconductors (Materials); Quantum Mechanics 20010102644 California Univ., Lawrence Berkeley Lab., Berkeley, CA USA P-type doping of GaN Wong, R. K.; Apr. 10, 2000; 99p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-764386; LBNL-45553; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche After implantation of As, As + Be, and As + Ga into GaN and annealing for short durations at temperatures as high as 1500 C, the GaN films remained highly resistive. It was apparent from c-RBS studies that although implantation damage did not create an amorphous layer in the GaN film, annealing at 1500 C did not provide enough energy to completely recover the radiation damage. Disorder recovered significantly after annealing at temperatures up to 1500 C, but not completely. From SIMS analysis, oxygen contamination in the AlN capping layer causes oxygen diffusion into the GaN film above 1400 C. The sapphire substrate (Al2O3) also decomposed and oxygen penetrated into the backside of the GaN layer above 1400 C. to prevent donor-like oxygen impurities from the capping layer and the substrate from contaminating the GaN film and compensating acceptors, post-implantation annealing should be done at temperatures below 1500 C. Oxygen in the cap could be reduced by growing the AIN cap on the GaN layer after the GaN growth run or by depositing the AIN layer in a ultra high vacuum (UHV) system 204
post-growth to minimize residual oxygen and water contamination. With longer annealing times at 1400 C or at higher temperatures with a higher quality AlN, the implantation drainage may fully recover. NTIS Gallium Nitrides; Doped Crystals; Annealing; P-Type Semiconductors 20010104068 Virginia Univ., School of Engineering and Applied Science, Charlottesville, VA USA Self-Assembled (In,Ga)As/GaAs Quantum-Dot Nanostructures: Strain Distribution and Electronic Structure Final Report, 15 Dec. 1996 - 14 Mar. 2001 Towe, E.; Stoleru, G.; Pal, D.; Jan. 2001; 64p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAG55-97-1-0006 Report No.(s): AD-A393490; UVA/525085/EE02/102; ARO-36403.1-EL; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche This document presents a simple analytical method for calculating the strain distribution in and around self-assembled (In,Ga)As/GaAs quantum-dot nanostructures. The dots are assumed to be buried in an infinite medium so that the effects of free surfaces can be neglected. The model-based on classical continuum elasticity-is capable of handling dots of arbitrary shapes; here, however, only dots with pyramidal and truncated-pyramidal shapes are considered. The approximate shape of the dots is extracted from high-resolution transmission electron microscope observations. The electronic energy levels in the dots are calculated by solving the three-dimensional effective mass Schroedinger equation. The carrier confinement potential in this equation is modified by the strain distribution. Because the dots are in a strong confinement regime, the effects of Coulomb interactions are neglected. The calculated confined eigen-energies agree with our experimental photoluminescence data. The calculations also support previous results reported by others. DTIC Gallium Arsenides; Nanostructures (Devices); Schroedinger Equation; Quantum Dots; Strain Rate; Indium Gallium Arsenides; Electronic Structure; Strain Distribution 20010104655 Oak Ridge National Lab., TN USA Glass-Like Heat Conduction in Crystalline Semiconductors Nolas, G. S.; Cohn, J. L.; Chakoumakos, B. C.; Slack, G. A.; Jun. 13, 1999; 9p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-771518; P00-107283; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche The thermal conductivity and structural properties of polycrystalline and single crystal semiconductor type-1 germanium clathrates are reported. Germanium clathrates exhibit thermal conductivities that are typical of amorphous materials. This behavior occurs in spite of their well-defined crystalline structure. The authors employ temperature dependent neutron diffraction data in investigating the displacements of the caged strontium atoms in SR(sub 8)Ga(sub 16)Ge(sub 30) and their interaction with the polyhedral cages that entrap them. Their aim is to investigate the correlation between the structural properties and the low, glass-like thermal conductivity observed in this compound. NTIS Thermal Conductivity; Semiconductors (Materials); Conductive Heat Transfer; Temperature Dependence; Crystallinity 20010105183 Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM USA Network Algorithms for Minimum Energy Fracture Surfaces Holm, E. A.; McGovney, G. N.; Sep. 05, 2000; 8p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-761893; SAND2000-2200C; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche The minimum expended energy for fracture is the free energy required to form two new surfaces. For intergranular fracture, the minimum surface formation energy is complicated by the rough fracture surface, with area greater than the specimen cross-section. We utilize network optimization algorithms to determine the minimum surface formation energies and surfaces in two- and three-dimensional polycrystals. For equiaxed grains and uniform boundary strength, the minimum energy fracture area is independent of grain size and is larger than the specimen cross-section. In systems with microcracked boundaries, the fracture surface deviates to include microcracked boundaries, creating interlocking grain conilgurations, and a unique fracture percolation threshold is observed. NTIS Algorithms; Polycrystals; Microcracks; Percolation; Fracturing; Free Energy; Surface Energy 205
20010105203 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USA High Current Y-Ba-Cu-0 Coated Conductor Using Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition and Ion Beam Assisted Deposition Selvamanickam, V.; Carota, G.; Sep. 01, 2000; 7p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-764171; LA-UR-00-4569; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche Yba2Cu3O(x) (YBCO) films have been deposited on buffered metal substrates by Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD). Nickel alloy substrates with biaxially-textured Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) buffer layers deposited by Ion Beam Assisted Deposition (IBAD) were used. A Liquid Precursor Delivery system was designed, constructed and used in the MOCVD facility at Intermagnetics for the reported work. A critical current (I) of 97.5A corresponding to a critical current density (J) of 1.3 MA/cm(sup2) and 130 A/width of tape was achieved at 77K in self field conditions in YBCO film grown by MOCVD on IBAD substrate. NTIS Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition; Nickel Alloys; Substrates; Superconducting Films; YBCO Superconductors; Coatings; Conductors 20010105218 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USA Mechanical Behavior of Erbium Oxide Single Crystals Petrovic, J.; Sharf, A.; Jan. 01, 2000; 11p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-763321; LA-UR-00-318; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche Erbium oxide single crystals were synthesized by optical floating zone singleBoth crystal techniques. Hardness and fracture toughness were relatively insensitive to the crystallographic indentation plane. NTIS Ceramics; Crystallography; Erbium 20010105251 Oak Ridge National Lab., TN USA Low Temperature Anomaly of LO Phonons in La(1.85)Cu3O7 Egami, T.; McQueeney, R. J.; Peetrov, Y.; Vethiraj, M.; Shirane, G.; Jan. 07, 1998; 6p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-771592; P00-108247; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge Inelastic neutron scattering measurements of La(1.85)SR(0.15)CuO4 and Yba2Cu3O7 show that the dispersion of the high energy LO phonon mode along the (1,0,0) direction is strongly temperature dependent, and at low temperatures develops an anomalous feature indicative of dynamic cell-doubling. The anomaly does not change through superconducting transition and gradually disappears between 50 and 250 K in LSCO. Possible implications are discussed. NTIS Inelastic Scattering; YBCO Superconductors; Superconductors (Materials); Phonons; Low Temperature Physics 20010105255 Oak Ridge National Lab., TN USA Fractal Approach in Petrology: Combining Ultra-Small Angle (USANA) and Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) LoCelso, F.; Triolo, F.; Triolo, A.; Lin, J. S.; Lucido, G.; Oct. 14, 1999; 5p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-771559; P99-105707; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge Ultra small angle neutron scattering instruments have recently covered the gap between the size resolution available with conventional intermediate angle neutron scattering and small angle neutron scattering instruments on one side and optical microscopy on the other side. Rocks showing fractal behavior in over two decades of momentum transfer and seven orders of magnitude of intensity are examined and fractal parameters are extracted from the combined USANS and SANS curves. NTIS Neutron Scattering; Petrology; Rocks; Fractals 20010105258 Oak Ridge National Lab., TN USA CdS Nanocrystals Formed in SiO(sub 2) Substrates by Ion Implantation Desnica, U. V.; Ivanda, M.; Gamulin, O.; Tonejc, A. M.; White, C. W.; May 30, 2000; 8p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-771421; P00-107544; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche In this work CdS nanocrystals were formed in SiO2 substrates by implantation of Cd and S atoms (up to 1017/sq cm) and subsequent annealing (up to 900 C). The implanted and annealed layer was studied by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), UV transmittance and reflectance measurements (energy range 1.4-6.5 eV), and Raman Spectroscopy. Upon annealing all methods proved the synthesis of CdS crystallites from the starting components, and the features characteristic of the CdS-phase were strongly 206
consistently dependent on ion dose and annealing temperature. The analysis of the results shows that by implantation and post-implantation treatment the average size of CdS crystallites can be controlled, and that smaller CdS nanocrystals are obtained for lower doses and lower annealing temperatures. NTIS Ion Implantation; Substrates; Nanocrystals; Annealing
20010105262 Oak Ridge National Lab., TN USA Nanocrystal Thickness Information from Z-Stem: 3-D Imaging in One Shot Kadavanich, A. V.; Kippeny, T.; Erwin, M.; Rosenthal, S. J.; Pennycook, S. J.; Nov. 29, 1999; 7p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-771410; P00-106827; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche The authors have applied Atomic Number Contrast Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (Z-Contrast STEM) towards the study of colloidal CdSe semiconductor nanocrystals embedded in MEH-PPV polymer films. For typical nanocrystal thicknesses, the image intensity is a monotonic function of thickness. Hence an atomic column-resolved image provides information both on the lateral shape of the nanocrystal, as well as the relative thickness of the individual columns. They show that the Z-Contrast image of a single CdSe nanocrystal is consistent with the predicted 3-D model derived from considering HRTEM images of several nanocrystals in different orientations. They further discuss the possibility of measuring absolute thicknesses of atomic columns if the crystal structure is known. NTIS Crystal Structure; Atomic Structure; Cadmium Selenides; Imaging Techniques; Semiconductors (Materials); Three Dimensional Models
20010105263 Oak Ridge National Lab., TN USA Z-Contrast Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy as a Tool for Interface Analysis in Nanocrystal-Polymer Nanocomposites Kadavanich, A. V.; Kippeny, T.; Erwin, M.; Rosenthal, S. J.; Pennycook, S. J.; Nov. 29, 1999; 6p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-771409; P00-106826; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche We have applied Atomic Number Contrast Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (Z-Contrast STEM) towards the study of colloidal CdSe semiconductor nanocrystals embedded in MEH-PPV polymer films as used for a prototype photovoltaic device. Atomic resolution imaging reveal both the lateral shape and thickness profile of nanocrystals embedded in the film. Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS) at sub-nanometer resolution was used to investigate the chemical composition at the nanocrystal polymer surface. We find evidence for oxygen aggregation at the interface, consistent with at maximum one monolayer of surface oxide on the nanocrystals. NTIS Transmission Electron Microscopy; Chemical Analysis; Nanocrystals; Nanocomposites; Chemical Composition
20010105268 Oak Ridge National Lab., TN USA Crystallographic Groups, Groupoids, and Orbifolds Johnson, C. K.; Sep. 11, 2000; 7p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-771400; P00-108740; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche In this note, we first discuss the relationship among crystallographic lattice groups, space groups, and point groups by using a short exact sequence, then in footnotes indicate the classification of those groups. We then introduce screw and glide groupoids as an extension of point groups in a new exact sequence, and list the one-translational-dimension screw and glide groupoids, which require torus and truncated cylinder projection representations in addition to the spherical projection used for point groups. We then briefly discuss the two and three translational dimension groupoids associated with the remaining point groups. Examples of space groups and their groupoid based nomenclature, which is mainly the extended Hermana-Mauguin international crystallographic nomenclature system plus a specific type of coset decomposition, are then given. Next the crystallographic orbifolds are defined and some application problems associated with orbifolds discussed. Finally, the derivation of might be called orbifoldoids is suggested as future research. NTIS Crystallography; Crystal Lattices 207
20010105271 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USA Characteristic Features of the Exotic Superconductors: Evidence for a Common Pairing Mechanism Brandow, B.; May 31, 1999; 14p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-762710; LA-UR-99-2561; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche We report on a comprehensive examination of the exotic superconductors (the materials so-labelled by Uemura and co-workers) to determine as far as possible the true systematics among their many anomalous features. In the crystal-chemistry aspects as well as in the electronic properties, we find features which appear to be universal for these materials, and also features which are clearly not universal but which are common enough to be considered typical for these materials. A number of implications are presented. It appears that all of these materials are sharing some new pairing mechanism, usually in addition to the conventional phonon mechanism. NTIS Superconductors (Materials); Physical Chemistry 20010105595 Oak Ridge National Lab., TN USA Relationship Between Structure and Luminescent Properties of Epitaxial Grown Y(sub 2)O(sub 3): Eu Thin Films on LaAlO(sub 3) Substrates Gao, H. J.; Duscher, G.; Fan, X.; Pennycook, S. J.; Kumar, D.; Nov. 29, 1999; 7p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-771411; P00-106796; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche Cathodoluminescence images of individual pores have been obtained at nanometer resolution in europium-activated yttrium oxide (Y2O3:Eu) (001) thin films, epitaxially grown on LaAlO3 (001) substrates. Comparison with Z-contrast images, obtained simultaneously, directly show the dead layer to be about 5 nm thick. This dead layer is the origin of the reduced emission efficiency with increasing pore size. Port sizes were varied by using different substrate temperatures and laser pulse repetition rates during film growth. These films are epitaxially aligned with the substrate, which is always Al terminated. NTIS Substrates; Thin Films; Cathodoluminescence
77 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS

Includes quantum mechanics; theoretical physics; and statistical mechanics. For related information see also 72 Atomic and Molecular Physics, 73 Nuclear Physics, and 25 Inorganic, Organic and Physical Chemistry.
20010099584 Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Lincoln Lab., Lexington, MA USA Solid State Research Quarterly Report, 1 Nov. 2000-31 Jan. 2001 Shaver, David C.; Sep. 07, 2001; 66p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F19628-00-C-0002 Report No.(s): AD-A393762; 2001:1; ESC*-TR-2000-074; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche This report covers in detail the research work of the Solid State Division at Lincoln Laboratory for the period 1 November through 31 January 2001. The topics covered are Quantum Electronics, Electro-optical Materials and Devices, Submicrometer Technology, Biosensor and Molecular Technologies, Advanced Imaging Technology, Analog Device Technology, and Advanced Silicon Technology. Funding is provided by several DoD organizations-including the Air Force, Army, BMDO (Ballistic Missile Defense Organization), DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Agency), Navy, NSA (National Security Agency), and OSD (Office of the Secretary of Defense), and also by the DOE (Department of Energy), NASA, and NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology). DTIC Quantum Electronics; Solid State; Electro-Optics 20010100946 Naval Research Lab., Marine Geosciences Div., Stennis Space Center, MS USA An Experiment in High-Frequency Sediment Acoustics: SAX99 Thorsos, Eric; Williams, Kevin; Jackson, Darrell; Richardson, Michael; Briggs, Kevin; Nov. 20, 2000; 11p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A393651; PP/7430-00-2003; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche A major high-frequency sediment acoustics experiment was conducted near the northwestern coast of Florida, USA. The experiment addressed high frequency acoustic backscattering from the seafloor sediment, acoustic penetration into the sediment, and acoustic propagation within the sediment. Extensive in situ measurements were made of the sediment geophysical properties, 208
and biological processes affecting the environment were studied. An overview is given of the entire measurement program. Initial results from APL-UW measurements and modelling are then described. DTIC Underwater Acoustics; Acoustic Propagation; Backscattering; Geophysics 20010103761 Purdue Univ., School of Mechanical Engineering, West Lafayette, IN USA Improved Modeling of Drop Vaporization and Combustion in Sprays Final Report, 1 Jul. 1998 - 30 Jun. 2001 Abraham, John; Jan. 2001; 28p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAG55-98-1-9442 Report No.(s): AD-A393496; Rept-530-1288-1549; ARO-37761-EG; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche In this work, multicomponent and single component droplet vaporization characteristics are investigated by employing computational models. It is shown that simplified droplet vaporization models that do not solve temperature gradients or flow within the droplet and do not solve gradients in temperature or species in the immediate surrounding of the droplet are able to reproduce droplet vaporization rates and droplet lifetime with about 15% accuracy compared to detailed models for typical Diesel operating conditions. Under high temperature (> 1200 K) conditions the differences begin to increase. However, it is also shown that under such conditions as well as at even lower temperatures (> 900 K) the vaporization process is mixing limited i.e., the droplet lifetime is not controlling but rather the characteristic time for mixing of ambient air with the vapor phase the liquid, vapor and air are in phase equilibrium. It is shown that droplets are not likely to react the critical state under typical engine conditions. With application to multidimensional spray models as focus, a new model for predicting the outcome of drop collisions has been developed. Such models are important because they predict the drop sizes in the spray following atomization. DTIC Combustion; Mathematical Models; Sprayers; Vaporizing; Diesel Engines 20010105275 Florida Univ., Gainesville, FL USA Scattering Studies of Non-Equilibrium Ordering Processes and Quantum Excitations Nagler, S. E.; Oct. 31, 1998; 6p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-760849; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge The research sponsored by this award utilized x-ray and neutron scattering techniques to investigate problems in condensed matter physics. The award supported two graduate research assistants (A.W. Garrett and J.P. Koster) enrolled in the University of Florida. The principal investigator, Dr. Stephen Nagler, is a former Professor of Physics at University of Florida. He is currently a senior research scientist and group leader at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The work supported included studies of phase separation in solid 3He- 4He mixtures. The bulk of the research involved inelastic neutron scattering studies of magnetic excitations in low dimensional magnetic materials. NTIS Quantum Mechanics; Excitation; Condensed Matter Physics; Inelastic Scattering; Neutron Scattering; X Ray Analysis
81 ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT

Includes management planning and research.
20010099217 RAND Corp., Santa Monica, CA USA New Foundations for Growth: The U.S. Innovation System Today and Tomorrow. An Executive Summary Popper, Steven W.; Wagner, Caroline S.; Jan. 2001; 18p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A393142; MR-13338.01/1-OSTP; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche The transformation of the U.S. economy over the past twenty years has made it clear that innovations based on scientific and technological advances have become a major contributor to our national well-being. The system that supports this process has emerged as one of our most important national assets, as important a source for growth today and in the future as have been in the past the nations natural resource endowment, the talents and dedication of its workforce, and the accumulated stock of its capital goods. Our understanding of innovative activity in the U.S. has also changed and grown more sophisticated. Discussion of innovation has shifted from a focus on products (identifying critical technologies, for example) to processes, from individual outputs to the mechanisms for producing those outputs. During this transition, the realization has grown that this system constitutes a dense and complex network of interconnected parts. The major actors in this system --the private sector, government 209
agencies and labs, universities, the non-profit research sector-- relate to each other in complex ways neither easy to describe nor trace through the system. This interconnected network constitutes what has come to be called a national innovation system. Given the fundamental importance of this system to public welfare and the continuing importance of government as both a participant and a provider of crucial elements of Support, it is appropriate to understand what kinds of government actions (or for that matter, in actions) would contribute most to the continued development and health of the system or, conversely, detract from that development and health the least. DTIC Health; Foundations; Economy; Increasing 20010103213 Santa Clara Univ., CA USA Four Generations of Maintenance Resource Management Programs in the USA: An Analysis of the Past, Present, and Future Taylor, James C., Santa Clara Univ., USA; Patankar, Manoj S., San Jose State Univ., USA; Journal of Air Transportation World Wide; 2001; ISSN 1093-8826; Volume 6, No. 2, pp. 3-32; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): NCC2-1025; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity This paper analyzes four generations of Maintenance Resource Management (MRM) programs implemented by aviation maintenance organizations in the United States. Data collected from over ten years of survey research and field observations are used for this analysis; they are presented in a case-study format. The first three generations of MRM programs were episodic efforts to increase safety through teamwork, focus group discussions, and awareness courses, respectively. Now, the fourth generation programs, characterized by a commitment to long-term communication and behavioral changes in maintenance, are set to build on those earlier generations, toward a culture of mutual trust between mechanics, their managers, and regulators. Author Aircraft Maintenance; Case Histories; Resources Management; General Aviation Aircraft 20010104648 Oak Ridge National Lab., TN USA Integrated Safety Management System (ISMS) of the US Department of Energy Linn, M. A.; May 18, 1999; 10p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-771555; P00-107653; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche While the Integrated Safety Management System (ISMS) program is a fairly rational approach to safety, it represents the culmination of several years of hard-earned lessons learned. Considering the size and the diversity of interrelated elements which make up the USDOE complex, this result shows the determination of both the USDOE and its contractors to bring safety hazards to heel. While these lessons learned were frustrating and expensive, the results were several key insights upon which the ISMS was built: (1) Ensure safety management is integral to the business. Safety management must become part of each work activity, rather that something in addition to or on top of. (2) Tailor the safety requirements to the work and its hazards. In order to be cost-effective and efficient, safety management should have flexibility in order to match safety requirements with the level of the hazards in a graded manner. (3) Safety management must be coherent and integrated. Large and complex organizations are no excuse for fragmented and overlapping safety initiatives and programs. Simple, from the ground up objectives and principles must be defined and used to guide a comprehensive safety management program. (4) A safety management system must balance resources and priorities. The system must provide the means to balance resources against the particular work hazards, recognizing that different degrees of hazards requires corresponding prevention measures. (5) Clear roles and responsibilities for safety management must be defined. Both the regulator and the contractor have specific responsibilities for safety which must be clearly articulated at all levels of the work processes. (6) Those responsible for safety must have the competence to carry it out. Those assigned responsibilities must have the experience, knowledge, skills, and authority to carry them out. As one can surmise, the ISMS is not a new program to be implemented, but rather a new attitude which must be adopted. NTIS Safety Management; Radiation Protection; Prevention; Organizations 20010105192 Department of Energy, Washington, DC USA Deficiency tracking system, conceptual business process requirements Hermanson, M. L.; Apr. 18, 1997; 34p Report No.(s): DE2001-16895; HNF-SD-GN-CSWD-501; DE98059740,EW3135040; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche 210
This document has been prepared in response to the Fluor Daniel Hanford Company Performance Agreement SM5.5, Develop and implement a single, site-wide, consolidated, automated deficiency management tracking, trending, and reporting system as a part of a sitewide management system. NTIS Management Systems; User Requirements; Tracking (Position)
82 DOCUMENTATION AND INFORMATION SCIENCE

Includes information management; information storage and retrieval technology; technical writing; graphic arts; and micrography. For computer documentation see 61 Computer Programming and Software.
20010099508 Office of the Under Secretary of Defense (Acquisitions, Technology and Logistics), Washington, DC USA Defensive Information Operations, Volume 2, Annexes Final Report Wright, Larry; Jun. 2001; 357p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A392422; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A16, Hardcopy; A03, Microfiche The Information Assurance Architecture (IAA) Panel was tasked to review the implementation of the 1996 Defense Science Board Task Force on Information Warfare Defense recommendations, to identify specific issues associated with information assurance goals of Joint Vision 2020 (JV2020), and to evaluate the adequacy of progress made in achieving these goals. The panel addressed the status of the Department of Defenses (DoD) efforts to establish an IAA framework and standards, and to develop prornising IAA techniques. The panel invited representatives from the Services, various agencies, and information technology industries to brief on IA related technologies, trends and market demands. In general, the panel found that significant progress has been made in implementing the 1996 DSB recommendations, but critical issues need to be resolved in the context of W2020. The ability to achieve information superiority is the pacing item in realizing the goals of JV2020. The Global Information Grid (GIG) is the underlying infrastructure that will support information superiority. The panel believes the key to success is in implementing a standards- based, metric-driven, end-to-end integrated global information grid. The GIG will incorporate near-term information technologies to globally interconnect information capabilities, associated processes and personnel. Further, the GIG must exploit technologies, standards and architectural frameworks based on commercial information technologies (IT). The panel believes that the implementation of the GIG, in the context of JV2020, is one of those significant events that occur once every decade or two, and that how it is managed and architected will have a major impact on DoD for the next decade or more. The panel argues that the GIG should be viewed as a weapon system since it leads to information/decision superiority and therefore will be attacked by our adversaries. However, unlike traditional weapons systems, the DOD does not own c DTIC Computer Networks; Information Systems; Defense Program 20010099690 RAND Corp., National Defense Research Inst., Santa Monica, CA USA The Global Technology RevolutionBio/Nano/Materials Trends and Their Synergies with Information Technology by 2015 Anton, Philip S.; Silberglitt, Richard; Schneider, James; Jan. 2001; 87p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DASW01-95-C-0069 Report No.(s): AD-A391926; RAND/MR-1307-NIC; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A05, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Life in 2015 will be revolutionized by the growing effect of multidisciplinary technology across all dimensions of life: social, economic, political, and personal. Biotechnology will enable us to identify, understand, manipulate, improve, and control living organisms (including ourselves). The revolution of information availability and utility will continue to profoundly affect the world in all these dimensions. Smart materials, agile manufacturing, and nanotechnology will change the way we produce devices while expanding their capabilities. These technologies may also be joined by wild cards in 2015 if barriers to their development are resolved in time. The results could be astonishing. Effects may include significant improvements in human quality of life and life span, high rates of industrial turnover, lifetime worker training, continued globalization, reshuffling of wealth, cultural amalgamation or invasion with potential for increased tension and conflict, shifts in power from nation states to non-governmental organizations and individuals, mixed environmental effects, improvements in quality of life with accompanying prosperity and reduced tension, and the possibility of human eugenics and cloning. The actual realization of these possibilities will depend on a number of factors, including local acceptance of technological change, levels of technology and infrastructure investments, market drivers and limitations, and technology breakthroughs and advancements. Since these factors vary across the globe, the implementation and effects of technology will also vary, especially in developing countries. Nevertheless, the overall revolution 211
and trends will continue through much of the developed world. The fast pace of technological development and breakthroughs makes foresight difficult, but the technology revolution seems globally significant and quite likely. DTIC Information Systems; Nanotechnology; Biotechnology; Industrial Management 20010100108 Naval War Coll., Newport, RI USA Building the Intelligence Foundation for Network Centric Warfare Final Report Osmun, Richard O.; May 17, 2001; 31p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A393521; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche The world is undergoing an information revolution with the rapid advance of information technologies. Undoubtedly, information operations is becoming more dynamic and essential to daily activities of the USA military services. Within the Department of Defense (DoD) many concepts have evolved which formulate utilizing the virtual information domain to support operations in the traditional physical domains of land, sea, air and space. One such concept, Network Centric Warfare (NCW), defines and describes how the US military should organize and fight in the information age. by incorporating an intelligence analysis grid, the concept of NCW will optimize the utility of available information and produce shared awareness. DTIC Information Systems; Intelligence 20010100382 University of Southern California, Information Sciences Inst., Marina del Rey, CA USA Intelligent Agents for Retrieving, Filtering, and Managing Information Final Report, 1 Oct. 1997-31 Dec. 2000 Knoblock, Craig A., University of Southern California, USA; Dec. 31, 2000; 10p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-98-1-0046 Report No.(s): AD-A389161; AFRL-SR-BL-TR-01-0247; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Under this grant we developed the first generation technology for rapidly building instructable agents that automate time-consuming or repetitive tasks. In particular, we solved two critical problems towards achieving the larger vision. First, we developed the machine learning technology to rapidly convert semi-structured data into structured data. This allows web sources to be queries as if they are databases, which is necessary for doing any type of additional filtering, processing, or integration on the data. Second, we developed an agent execution system that makes it easy to define agent plans and to efficiently execute those plans. Our research success under this grant is best demonstrated by the fact that we have already published a number of journal articles and numerous conference and workshop papers, filed three patents on this work, and licensed the resulting technology and software to a startup company that now has 30 employees. DTIC Information Retrieval; Machine Learning; Automation; Artificial Intelligence 20010101172 Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Inc., McLean, VA USA Interoperability and Supportability of National Security Systems, and Information Technology Systems May 08, 2000; 101p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A393604; CJCSI-6212.01B; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A06, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche Purpose. This instruction: a: Establishes policies and procedures for the J-6 interoperability requirements certification of mission need statements (MNSs), Capstone Requirements Documents (CRDs), and operational requirements documents (ORDs) required by reference a, b: Details a methodology to develop interoperability key performance parameters (KPPs) derived from a set of top-level information exchange requirements (IERs) as required by reference a and based on the format and content of the integrated architecture products described in the C4ISPs Architecture Framework (reference h). c: Establishes policies and procedures for the J-6 supportability certification of command, control, communications, computers, and intelligence (C4I) support plans (C4ISPs). d: Establishes policies and procedures for the J-6 interoperability system validation. DTIC Information Systems; Warning Systems; Command and Control; Security; Education 20010102545 National Inst. of Standards and Technology, Computer Security Div., Gaithersburg, MD USA Information Technology Security Training Requirements: A Role- and Performance-Based Model Wilson, Mark; deZafra, Dorothea E.; Pitcher, Sadie I.; Tressler, John D.; Ippolito, John B.; Apr. 1998; 189p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A391650; NIST-SP-800-16; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A09, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche The key to addressing people factors or competencies in information technology (IT) security is awareness, training, and education. Certainly the need for government-wide attention to this area of IT security has never been greater, so issuance of this 212
publication, Information Technology Security Training Requirements: A Role- and Performance-Based Model, (Training Requirements) is especially timely. This document has been designed as a living handbook to have the longest useful life possible as the foundation of and structure for do-able training by Federal agencies. DTIC Performance Prediction; Computer Information Security; Mathematical Models; Information Systems
20010102546 Raytheon Systems Co., Plano, TX USA Toward an Understanding of the Cognitive Aspects of Data Fusion Davenport, Daniel M.; Dec. 14, 1998; 13p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A391628; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Data fusion is a key driver for achieving Information Superiority. Improvements in processor speed and visualization techniques, virtual reality and sensor technology are important drivers as well. But the bandwidth between humans and their machines is limited; the source being the form of human input/output we are restricted to and the natural speed of processing we perform at. Neither of these obeys Moores law. Most of the significance of the sensor data that we collect will be lost if it is not interpreted for the human user before hand. Improvements in speed only make this gap wider. In an attempt to narrow the gap, new HCI technologies, such as virtual reality, are being developed. But this introduces a new problem, namely, how to display fused sensor data to the user in a meaningful way. So the gap remains. The present scenario hopes that very intelligent software will automatically display exactly what we want and need and in a manner we can immediately grasp. DTIC Multisensor Fusion; Artificial Intelligence; Systems Engineering; Data Processing
20010102547 Johns Hopkins Univ., Applied Physics Lab., Laurel, MD USA The Navy and the Infosphere Vlahos, Michael; Pace, Dale; Mar. 1999; 34p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A391515; JWR-99-002; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche The Infosphere is a shorthand for the fusion of all the worlds communications networks, databases, and sources of information into a vast, intertwined, and heterogeneous tapestry of electronic interchange. This report explores implications of the Big Change in society, business, and military operations that is expected to emerge from the Infosphere. After treating broad societal possibilities, the study narrows its focus to their possible impact on the Navy and on Defense-related research organizations like The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU/ APL). This report is an occasional paper of the Joint Warfare Analysis Department (JWAD) of JHU/ APL. The ideas in this report are intended to stimulate, perhaps provoke, serious thinking about the future. Not everyone will agree with its ideas. Therefore, it should be noted that this report reflects the views of its authors and does not necessarily imply concurrence with those views by JHU/APL or by any other organization or agency, whether public or private. DTIC Navy; Communication Networks; Artificial Intelligence
20010102925 Naval War Coll., Newport, RI USA Digital Deception: Implications of Pursuing Decision Superiority Using Deception in Cyberspace Smith, Jerald L.; May 18, 2001; 30p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A393533; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Military Deception is one of the tools of information Warfare (IW) and a key enabler of Decision Superiority. The next generation of military deception will include digital deception: deception in cyberspace. Joint Vision 2020 calls for U.S. Joint Forces to strive for, and obtain Decision Superiority as the goal of their Command and Control Warfare (C2W) efforts. The logical culmination of the pursuit of dominance across the cognitive hierarchy, Decision Superiority is the ability to make prudent military decisions while denying ones adversaries the same. What is deceptions role in the pursuit of Information and Decision Superiority? How does digital deception differ from traditional military deception? What advantages does it offer over traditional deception? What are the challenges to implementing deception in the digital domain? These are the questions addressed. DTIC Digital Systems; Deception 213
20010103541 Joint Chiefs of Staff, Washington, DC USA Defense Information System Network and Connected Systems May 22, 1996; 25p; In English; Original contains color plates Report No.(s): AD-A391517; CJCSI,6211.02A; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche This instruction establishes policy and delineates responsibilities for life-cycle management of the Defense Information System Network (DISN). It details policy for management and use of the DISN, DISN services, and connected systems. Specific policies governing the satellite component of the DISN are covered in CJCS MOP 37, Military Satellite Communications Systems. DTIC Information Systems; Policies; Defense Program; Satellite Communication 20010103764 General Accounting Office, Washington, DC USA Report to the Chairman, Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives. Nuclear Security: DOE Needs to Improve Control Over Classified Information Aug. 2001; 31p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A393777; GAO-01-806; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche The Department of Energy (DOE) maintains millions of classified documents containing highly sensitive nuclear weapons design and production information. Allegations that the Peoples Republic of China obtained nuclear warhead designs from an employee of DOEs Los Alamos National Laboratory, as well as the disappearance of two computer hard drives containing highly sensitive weapons information from that same laboratory, have raised concerns about how effectively DOE protects classified information, particularly the most sensitive classified information that is contained in vaults and computer systems. DTIC Documents; Congressional Reports; Controllability 20010104649 Oak Ridge National Lab., TN USA Reflexive Data Models Petrov, S.; Aug. 20, 2000; 6p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-771554; P00-106873; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche An information system is reflexive if it stores a description of its current structure in the body of stored information and is acting on the base of this information. A data model is reflexive, if its language is meta-closed and can be used to build such a system. The need for reflexive data models in new areas of information technology applications is argued. An attempt to express basic notions related to information systems is made in the case when the system supports and uses meta-closed representation of the data. NTIS Information Systems; Technology Utilization 20010104666 Naval Postgraduate School, Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Monterey, CA USA Investigation of Feature Dimension Reduction Schemes for Classification Applications Final Report, Sep. 1999-Dec. 2000 Fargues, M. P.; Jun. 01, 2001; 39p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): MIPR#A448195 Report No.(s): AD-A391804; NPS-EC-01-005; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Extracting relevant features that allow for class discrimination is the first critical step in classification applications. However, this step often leads to high-dimensional feature spaces, which requires large datasets to create viable classification schemes. As a result, there is a strong incentive to reduce the feature space dimension. Two classical types of approaches to reduce feature dimension exist Principal Component Analysis (PCA)-based or discriminant-based approaches. The main difference between the two types lies in the criterion selected; PCA-based schemes seek a projection direction which bests represents the data in a norm sense, while discriminant-based schemes seek a projection that best separates the class data. This study presents a comparison of three discriminant-based feature dimension reduction schemes: the Mean Separator Neural Network (MSNN), the Mahalanobis-based Dimension Reduction scheme (MBDR), and the kernel-based Generalized Discriminant Analysis (GDA) approach. PCA is included for comparison purposes as it is also widely used in classification applications. All four feature dimension reduction schemes are implemented and evaluated by applying the transformed features to a basic minimum distance classifier. Three classification datasets commonly used in statistics for benchmarking purposes are selected to compare the 214
schemes and results discussed Results show the kernel-based generalized discriminant analysis approach to lead to consistently higher classification performances than the other schemes considered in the study for the data investigated. DTIC Data Bases; Neural Nets; Classifications; Principal Components Analysis 20010105194 Department of Energy, Washington, DC USA System design description for master equipment list, phase I Sandoval, J. D.; Apr. 11, 1997; 114p Report No.(s): DE2001-16885; HNF-SD-WM-SDD-065; DE98059730,EW3120071; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche This System Design Description (SDD) is for the Master Equipment List Phase I (MEL), It has been prepared following the WI-IC-CM-3-1O, Software Practices, (Ref. 6), This SDD describes the internal design for implementation of the MEL Phase I. NTIS Systems Engineering; Procedures 20010105195 Department of Energy, Washington, DC USA Acceptance test procedure for the master equipment list (MEL) database system. phase I Jech, J. B.; Apr. 10, 1997; 47p Report No.(s): DE2001-16882; HNF-SD-WM-ATP-175-REV2; DE98059727,EW3120071; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche This Acceptance Test Procedure (ATP) provides test plan information and defines the test procedures for the MEL. It includes the requirements and criteria as taken from the SRS, reference 7. The ATP has been prepared following the WHC-CM-3-10 Software Practices guidelines. The ATP shall serve as the testing document to ensure the specific requirements of the MEL are met with regard to assurance of the accuracy and quality of data managed with MEL. This Acceptance Test Procedure (ATP) provides test plan information and defines the test procedures for the MEL. It includes the requirements and criteria as taken from the SRS. The ATP has been prepared following the WHC-CM-3-10 Software Practices guidelines. The ATP shall serve as the testing document to ensure the specific requirements of the MEL are met with regard to assurance of the accuracy and quality of data managed with MEL. NTIS Acceptability; Data Bases; Checkout 20010105196 Department of Energy, Washington, DC USA User requirements for ISEARCH document imaging system Galbreath, E. D.; Apr. 10, 1997; 6p Report No.(s): DE2001-16881; HNF-SD-GN-CSRS-501; DE98059726,YN0100000; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche The Information Services Electronic ARCHiving (ISEARCH) system was designed and implemented in 1990 to make millions of pages of site information available to the site workers using the 486-based computer in their offices. This was a significant savings in cost and time to the site. Before ISEARCH, the general user had to drive to the central records storage facility from the jobsite, a distance of up to 30 miles one way. Searching for the information, getting it reproduced, and returning to the jobsite often took several hours. Frequently another customer would need the same information a week or so later, and have to go through the steps. With ISEARCH users have immediate access to, and use of, the information right at their desktops. NTIS Information Systems; User Requirements; Imaging Techniques 20010105199 Department of Energy, Washington, DC USA Presenting Modeling and Simulation Results Using Web-Based Tools: New Methodologies for Customer Feedback and Data Archiving Hower, B. O.; Jun. 01, 1998; 13p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-16835; KCP-613-6057; CONF-9805101; DE98-059408; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge This paper discusses the use of Internet and Web technology to assist analysts in documenting, presenting, and archiving ABAQUS simulation results. Prior to the implementation of this technology, analysts frequently completed projects by distributing a limited number of color plots, storing analysis notes in paper files, and archiving design and finite element model 215
data to magnetic tape. Using the Internet and Web-based technology, an analysis home page was developed to provide a common location for analysis information. The home page provides instant publishing and distribution of analysis results that can be viewed by users with high-end workstations or common personal computers. Detailed reports can include text, tables, photographs, plots, animations, video, and audio. The Web-based sharing of ABAQUS analysis results has been embraced by customers and has become a common tool for the analyst. In conjunction with being a presentation medium, the format also allows for report archiving and results data storage. NTIS Internets; Simulation; Mathematical Models; Feedback; Data Storage 20010105204 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USA Network Information Management and Distribution in a Heterogeneous and Decentralized Enterprise Environment Kent, A. D.; Clifford, J. R.; Sep. 01, 2000; 20p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-764169; LA-UR-00-4586; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche To promote enterprise-wide information and resource sharing, we have implemented a network information management and distribution system that gives subscribing systems real-time access to relevant information changes. Participating systems need little more than a small, single application to receive the updates. User interaction and data administration require only a web browser. The resulting system is timely, reliable, secure, easy to support and maintain, and extensible. NTIS Information Management; Management Systems; Real Time Operation; Computer Networks 20010105209 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USA Information Analysis and Integrated Safeguards Pilat, J. F.; Budlong-Sylvester, K. W.; Sep. 01, 2000; 10p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-764067; LA-UR-00-3027; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche Information analysis will be a key element of the International Atomic Energy Agencys (IAEAs) future safeguards mission, but its precise role is not yet determined. The IAEA has a strong institutional interest in increasing its capabilities to utilize information analysis, including State Evaluations, and major progress has been made to date. However, issues remain, especially with respect to implementation. to what extent will the Agency be able, in practice, to draw necessary conclusions about the behavior of States on the basis of information available to it. to what extent will the Agency be able to bring detailed analyses to the State Evaluation. If outstanding issues can be satisfactorily addressed, it will also be important to understand the level and purpose of information analyses in the context of future safeguards requirements, including those for integrated safeguards. Information analysis clearly can play a significant role in establishing and prioritizing acquisition paths for a State, and ensuring they take into account relevant deception and concealment strategies. Its role in assessing the effectiveness of safeguards, in particular setting or contributing to detection probabilities for paths involving undeclared facilities and activities, needs to be assessed. There is a potential for information analysis to contribute to all of these tasks. This paper analyzes the possible roles of information analysis in this context, with special attention to its role in integrated safeguards. NTIS Information Analysis; Nuclear Electric Power Generation 20010105453 National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, NM USA Genome Sequence DataBase (GSDB) Final Report, Sep. 1997 - Sep. 1999 Harger, C. A.; Oct. 28, 1999; 5p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-755686; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge Since September 1997 NCGR has produced two web-based tools for researchers to use to access and analyze data in the Genome Sequence DataBase (GSDB). These tools are: Sequence Viewer, a nucleotide sequence and annotation visualization tool, and MAR-Finder, a tool that predicts, base upon statistical inferences, the location of matrix attachment regions (MARS) within a nucleotide sequence. NTIS Data Bases; Genome; Data Base Management Systems 20010105470 George Mason Univ., Fairfax, VA USA Construction of an integrated database to support genomic sequence analysis Gillevet, P.; Overbeek, R.; Nov. 01, 1999; 7p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-763292; DOE/ER/61848; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche 216
One central goal of our effort is to develop an integrated database to support comparative analysis of genomes. We now call this logic-programming-based system GenoBase (the previous acronym had to be changed because another project had already used it). In Phase I of the current proposal, the goal was to produce an initial integration of DNA sequence data, protein sequence data, available data on expression of genes within Escherichia coli (from the Eco2dbase project), and currently available data on metabolism. In fact, we have achieved a somewhat broader integration of available data, in large part because of the assistance from collaborators at NIH, George Mason University, members of the DBEMP project in Russia, and researchers at the Swedish Institute of Computer Science. NTIS Genetics; Deoxyribonucleic Acid; Escherichia; Proteins; Data Base Management Systems
83 ECONOMICS AND COST ANALYSIS

Includes cost effectiveness studies.
20010102901 Impresa, Inc., Portland, OR USA New Growth Theory, Technology and Learning: A Practitioners Guide. Reviews of Economic Development Literature and Practice, No. 4 Cortright, Joseph; 2001; 50p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DOC-99-07-13801 Report No.(s): PB2001-107284; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche New Growth Theory emphasizes that economic growth results from the increasing returns associated with new knowledge. Knowledge has different properties from other economic goods. The ability to grow the economy by increasing knowledge rather than labor and capital creates opportunities for nearly boundless growth. Markets fail to produce enough knowledge because innovators cannot capture all of the gains associated with creating new knowledge. and because knowledge can be infinitely reused at zero marginal cost, firms that use knowledge in production can earn quasi-monopoly profits. Economies with widespread increasing returns are unlikely to develop along a unique equilibrium path. Development may be a process of creative destruction, with a succession of monopolistically competitive technologies and firms. Markets alone may not converge on a single most efficient solution, and technological and regional development will tend to exhibit path dependence. History, institutions, and geography all shape the development of knowledge-based economies: New Growth Theory, and the increasing returns associated with knowledge have many implications for economic development policy. New Growth Theory underscores the importance of investing in new knowledge creation to sustain growth. Policy makers will need to pay careful attention to all of the factors that provide incentives for knowledge creation (e.g., research and development, the education system, and entrepreneurship). NTIS Economic Development; Education; Economics
84 LAW, POLITICAL SCIENCE AND SPACE .POLICY

Includes: aviation law; space law and policy; international law; international cooperation; and patent policy
20010103231 Hamburg Univ., Germany Bargaining for Open Skies Wojahn, Oliver W., Hamburg Univ., Germany; Journal of Air Transportation World Wide; 2001; ISSN 1093-8826; Volume 6, No. 1, pp. 77-96; In English; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity In this paper we analyze the bargaining problem between countries when negotiating bilateral air service agreements. to do so, we use the methods of bargaining and game theory. We give special attention to the case where a liberal minded country is trying to convince a less liberal country to agree to bilateral open skies, and the liberal country might also unilaterally open up its market. The following analysis is positive in the sense that the results help explain and predict the outcome of negotiations under different payoffs and structures of the bargaining process. They are normative in the sense that adequate manipulation of the bargaining conditions can ensure a desired outcome. Author Game Theory; International Cooperation; Air Transportation; Mathematical Models 217
20010103233 Victoria Univ., Wellington, New Zealand Unequal Bargaining? Australias Aviation Trade Relations with the USA Solomon, Russell, Victoria Univ., New Zealand; Journal of Air Transportation World Wide; 2001; ISSN 1093-8826; Volume 6, No. 1, pp. 15-36; In English; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity International aviation trade bargaining is distinguished by its use of a formal process of bilateral bargaining based on the reciprocal exchange of rights by states. Australia-USA aviation trade relations are currently without rancour, but this has not always been the case and in the late 1980s and early 1990s, their formal bilateral aviation negotiations were a forum for a bitter conflict between two competing international aviation policies. In seeking to explain the bilateral aviation outcomes between Australia and the USA and how Australia has sought to improve upon these, analytical frameworks derived from international political economy were considered, along with the bilateral bargaining process itself. The paper adopts a modified neorealist model and concludes that to understand how Australia has sought to improve upon these aviation outcomes, neorealist assumptions that relative power capabilities determine outcomes must be qualified by reference to the formal bilateral bargaining process. In particular, Australias use of this process and its application of certain bargaining tactics within that process remain critical to understanding bilateral outcomes. Author Contract Negotiation; Policies; USA; Australia; International Relations
90 ASTROPHYSICS
Includes cosmology; celestial mechanics; space plasmas; and interstellar and interplanetary gases and dust.
20010099431 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA X-Ray Probes of Cosmic Star Formation History Ghosh, Pranab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; White, Nicholas E., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Astrophysical Journal; Sep. 20, 2001; Volume 559; 4p; In English; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity We discuss the imprints left by a cosmological evolution of the star formation rate (SFR) on the evolution of X-ray luminosities Lx of normal galaxies, using the scheme earlier proposed by us, wherein the evolution of LX of a galaxy is driven by the evolution of its X-ray binary population. As indicated in our earlier work, the profile of Lx with redshift can both serve as a diagnostic probe of the SFR profile and constrain evolutionary models for X-ray binaries. We report here the first calculation of the expected evolution of X-ray luminosities of galaxies, updating our work by using a suite of more recently developed SFR profiles that span the currently plausible range. The first Chandra deep imaging results on Lx evolution are beginning to probe the SFR profile of bright spiral galaxies; the early results are consistent with predictions based on current SFR models. Using these new SFR profiles, the resolution of the birthrate problem of low-mass X-ray binaries and recycled, millisecond pulsars in terms of an evolving global SFR is more complete. We discuss the possible impact of the variations in the SFR profile of individual galaxies and galaxy types. Author Star Formation; X Ray Sources; Cosmology; Luminosity; Spiral Galaxies; X Ray Binaries 20010099593 Tel-Aviv Univ., Ramat-Aviv, Tel-Aviv Israel Leonid MAC Workshop 2000 May 31, 2001; 610p; In English, 16-18 Apr. 2000, Unknown Contract(s)/Grant(s): F61775-00-W-F044 Report No.(s): AD-A392969; EOARD-CSP-00-5044; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A99, Hardcopy; A06, Microfiche The Final Proceedings for Leonid MAC Workshop 2000, 16 April 2000 - 18 April 2000. This is a multidisciplinary conference. Topics include: Tally of observations from the 1998 and 1999 Leonid meteor shower campaigns, satellite meteor hazards, origins of life, airborne and ground-based campaigns, meteor/atmosphere interactions, laboratory studies and remote sensing DTIC Conferences; Meteoroids; Biological Evolution 20010099877 Boston Univ., Dept. of Astronomy, Boston, MA USA Gravitational Lensing: Recent Progress & Future Goals Final Report, 1 Jul. 1999 - 30 Jun. 2001 Brainerd, Tereasa, Boston Univ., USA; [2001]; 4p; In English; No Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity; Abstract Only 218
This award was intended to provide financial support for an international astrophysics conference on gravitational lensing which was held at Boston University from July 25 to July 30, 1999. Because of the nature of the award, no specific research was proposed, nor was any carried out. The participants at the conference presented results of their on-going research efforts, and written summaries of their presentations have been published by the Astronomical Society of the Pacific as part of their conference series. The reference to the conference proceedings book is Gravitational Lensing: Recent Progress and Future Goals, ASP Conference Series volume 237, eds. T. G. Brainerd and C. S. Kochanek (2001). The ISBN number of this book is 1-58381-074-9. The goal of the conference was to bring together both senior and junior investigators who were actively involved in all aspects of gravitational lensing research. This was the first conference in four years to address gravitational lensing from such a broad perspective (the previous such conference being IAU Symposium 173 held in Melbourne, Australia in July 1995). The conference was attended by 190 participants, who represented of order 70 different institutions and of order 15 different countries. The Scientific Organizing Committee members were Matthias Bartelmann (co-chair), Tereasa Brainerd (co-chair), Ian Browne, Richard Ellis, Nick Kaiser, Yannick Mellier, Sjur Refsdal, HansWalter Rix, Joachim Wambsganss, and Rachel Webster. The Local Organizing Committee members were Tereasa Brainerd (chair), Emilio Falco, Jacqueline Hewitt, Christopher Kochanek, and Irwin Shapiro. The oral sessions were organized around specific applications of gravitational lensing and included invited reviews, invited targeted talks, and contributed talks. The review speakers were Roger Blandford, Tereasa Brainerd, Gus Evrard, Nick Kaiser, Guinevere Kaufmann, Chris Kochanek, Charley Lineweaver, Gerry Luppino, Shude Mao, Paul Schechter, Peter Snhneider, amd Ed Turner. The targeted talk speakers were Andy Boden, Ian Browne, Emilio Falco, Harry Ferguson, Bhuvnesh Jain, Christine Jones, Arlie Petters, Hans-Walter Rix, Penny Sackett, Prasenjit Saha, Virginia Trimble, and Joachim Wambsganss. Due to limited time, only 25% of the abstracts which were submitted for consideration as contributed talks could actually be accepted for the final program; those which were not selected as talks were presented as posters, and a special poster viewing session was held to allow participants to present their work. A copy of the complete Final Program of the conference is included in the following pages. Author Massachusetts; Conferences; Gravitational Lenses 20010102910 California Univ., Lawrence Berkeley Lab., Berkeley, CA USA Faint galaxy redshift survey behind massive clusters Frye, B.; Dec. 01, 1999; 309p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-764393; LBNL-45830; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche This thesis is concerned with the gravitational lensing effect by massive galaxy clusters. We have explored a new technique for measuring galaxy masses and for detecting high-z galaxies by their optical colors. A redshift survey has been obtained at the Keck for a magnitude limited sample of objects behind three clusters, A1689, A2390, and A2218 within a radius of 0.5M pc. For each cluster we see both a clear trend of increasing flux and redshift towards the center. This behavior is the result of image magnifications, such that at fixed redshift one sees further down the luminosity function. The gradient of this magnification is, unlike measurements of image distortion, sensitive to the mass profile, and found to depart strongly from a pure isothermal halo. We have found that V RI color selection can be used effectively as a discriminant for finding high-z galaxies behind clusters. We have also investigated the radio ring lens PKS 1830-211, locating the source and multiple images and detected molecular absorption at mm wavelengths. Broad molecular absorption of width 1/40kms is found toward the southwest component only, where surprisingly it does not reach the base of the continuum, which implies incomplete coverage of the SW component by molecular gas, despite the small projected size of the source, less than 1/8h pc at the absorption redshift. NTIS Galactic Clusters; Galaxies; Red Shift; Massive Stars
91 LUNAR AND PLANETARY SCIENCE AND EXPLORATION

Includes planetology; selenology; meteorites; comets; and manned and unmanned planetary and lunar flights. For spacecraft design or space stations see 18 Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance.
20010099686 Georgia Inst. of Tech., Atlanta, GA USA Uncertainty Optimization Applied to the Monte Carlo Analysis of Planetary Entry Trajectories Final Report, 3 Sep. 1997 - 2 Sep. 2001 Olds, John, Georgia Inst. of Tech., USA; Way, David, Georgia Inst. of Tech., USA; Jul. 31, 2001; 236p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): NGT1-52163; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A11, Hardcopy; A03, Microfiche 219
Recently, strong evidence of liquid water under the surface of Mars and a meteorite that might contain ancient microbes have renewed interest in Mars exploration. With this renewed interest, NASA plans to send spacecraft to Mars approx. every 26 months. These future spacecraft will return higher-resolution images, make precision landings, engage in longer-ranging surface maneuvers, and even return Martian soil and rock samples to Earth. Future robotic missions and any human missions to Mars will require precise entries to ensure safe landings near science objective and pre-employed assets. Potential sources of water and other interesting geographic features are often located near hazards, such as within craters or along canyon walls. In order for more accurate landings to be made, spacecraft entering the Martian atmosphere need to use lift to actively control the entry. This active guidance results in much smaller landing footprints. Planning for these missions will depend heavily on Monte Carlo analysis. Monte Carlo trajectory simulations have been used with a high degree of success in recent planetary exploration missions. These analyses ascertain the impact of off-nominal conditions during a flight and account for uncertainty. Uncertainties generally stem from limitations in manufacturing tolerances, measurement capabilities, analysis accuracies, and environmental unknowns. Thousands of off-nominal trajectories are simulated by randomly dispersing uncertainty variables and collecting statistics on forecast variables. The dependability of Monte Carlo forecasts, however, is limited by the accuracy and completeness of the assumed uncertainties. This is because Monte Carlo analysis is a forward driven problem; beginning with the input uncertainties and proceeding to the forecasts outputs. It lacks a mechanism to affect or alter the uncertainties based on the forecast results. If the results are unacceptable, the current practice is to use an iterative, trial-and-error approach to reconcile discrepancies. Therefore, an improvement to the Monte Carlo analysis is needed that will allow the problem to be worked in reverse. In this way, the largest allowable dispersions that achieve the required mission objectives can be determined quantitatively. Derived from text Atmospheric Entry; Trajectory Optimization; Monte Carlo Method; Trajectory Planning; Trajectory Analysis; Trajectory Control; Mathematical Models 20010100239 Association of Lunar and Planetary Observers, Memphis, TN USA Sand Ships of Mars Beish, Jeff, Association of Lunar and Planetary Observers, USA; Jun. 15, 2001; 9p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A391895; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche What color is Mars through a telescope? This question has been asked by astronomers for at least three centuries and is a subject of debate even today. Observers even report certain dark features on Mars grow darker and even change color during seasonal transitions. This has led to some startling conclusions, some of which has brought the wrath of the scientific community down on a few very prominent astronomers. DTIC Visual Perception; Mars (Planet); Mars Surface 20010100240 Association of Lunar and Planetary Observers, Memphis, TN USA Are Observed White Areas on Mars Real Beish, Jeff, Association of Lunar and Planetary Observers, USA; Jun. 15, 2001; 6p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A391896; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Astronomers describe so-called white areas observed on Mars as bright patches of light most often seen in the desert regions of the Red Planet. They are generally bright in all colors and conspicuous in integrated light (no filters); however, we must analyze this phenomenon before jumping to conclusions. The nature of white areas, as described by the past A.L.P.O. Mars Section Recorder, Chick Capen, should be discussed at length. DTIC Visual Perception; Mars (Planet); Color 20010100241 Association of Lunar and Planetary Observers, Memphis, TN USA Are Cloud Bands on Mars Rare or Not Beish, Jeff, Association of Lunar and Planetary Observers, USA; January 2001; 3p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A391897; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche The atmosphere of Mars is ever changing. White water ice clouds, yellowish dust clouds, bluish limb hazes, and bright surface frosts have been studied with increasing interest in the past decades. We are beginning to think these clouds are related to the seasonal sublimation and condensation of polar caps. Statistical analysis indicates that water ice-crystal cloud activity and near-surface fog occurrence is significantly higher in the Martian Northern spring and summer than the same seasons for the Southern Hemisphere. This period also coincides with periods when the northern polar cap is in rapid retreat. To a lesser extent, clouds increase in frequency during southern summer polar cap rapid retreat as well. Until recently little attention has been paid 220
to another phenomena seen on Mars during both of the polar caps respective yearly retreat. This being an atmospheric cloud referred to as cloud bands. DTIC Mars (Planet); Mars Atmosphere; Ice Clouds; Dust; Statistical Analysis 20010100384 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA Meteoric Ions in Planetary Ionospheres Pesnell, W. D., Nomad Research, Inc., USA; Grebowsky, Joseph M., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; [2001]; 10p; In English; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Solar system debris, in the form of meteoroids, impacts every planet. The flux, relative composition and speed of the debris at each planet depends on the planets size and location in the solar system. Ablation in the atmosphere evaporates the meteoric material and leaves behind metal atoms. During the ablation process metallic ions are formed by impact ionization. For small inner solar system planets, including Earth, this source of ionization is typically small compared to either photoionization or charge exchange with ambient molecular ions. For Earth, the atmosphere above the main deposition region absorbs the spectral lines capable of ionizing the major metallic atoms (Fe and Mg) so that charge exchange with ambient ions is the dominant source. Within the carbon dioxide atmosphere of Mars (and possibly Venus), photoionization is important in determining the ion density. For a heavy planet like Jupiter, far from the sun, impact ionization of ablated neutral atoms by impacts with molecules becomes a prominent source of ionization due to the gravitational acceleration to high incident speeds. We will describe the processes and location and extent of metal ion layers for Mars, Earth and Jupiter, concentrating on flagging the uncertainties in the models at the present time. This is an important problem, because low altitude ionosphere layers for the planets, particularly at night, probably consist predominantly of metallic ions. Comparisons with Earth will be used to illustrate the differing processes in the three planetary atmospheres. Author Meteoritic Composition; Ions; Ion Density (Concentration); Planetary Ionospheres; Ablation; Meteoroids 20010104657 Oak Ridge National Lab., TN USA Determination and Modeling of Error Densities in Ephemeris Prediction Jones, J. P.; Beckerman, M.; Feb. 07, 1999; 16p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-771557; P99-105409; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche The authors determined error densities of ephemeris predictions for 14 LEO satellites. The empirical distributions are not inconsistent with the hypothesis of a Gaussian distribution. The growth rate of radial errors are most highly correlated with eccentricity NTIS Satellites; Ephemerides; Hypotheses; Low Earth Orbits; Normal Density Functions
92 SOLAR PHYSICS
Includes solar activity, solar flares, solar radiation and sunspots. For related information see 93 Space Radiation.
20010102589 Academy of Sciences of the Ukraine, Inst. of Radio Astronomy, Kharkov, Ukraine Solar Radar Detection of Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) Final Report Konovalenko, Allexander; Jun. 01, 2000; 25p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F61775-96-WE-088 Report No.(s): AD-A393148; EOARD-SPC-98-4052; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche This report results from a contract tasking Institute of Radio Astronomy (RIAN) as follows: The contractor will investigate the use of powerful HF radars to detect coronal mass ejections from the sun. DTIC Sun; Stellar Mass Ejection; Electric Corona 20010102597 California Univ., Inst. of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, Los Angeles, CA USA Interactive Learning During Solar Maximum Final Report, 1 Jul. 2000 - 30 Jun. 2001 Ashour-Abdalla, Maha, California Univ., USA; [2001]; 2p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAG5-9693; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche 221
The goal of this project is to develop and distribute e-educational material for space science during times of solar activity that emphasizes underlying basic science principles of solar disturbances and their effects on Earth. This includes materials such as simulations, animations, group projects and other on-line materials to be used by students either in high school or at the introductory college level. The on-line delivery tool originally intended to be used is known as Interactive Multimedia Education at a Distance (IMED), which is a web-based software system used at UCLA for interactive distance learning. IMED is a password controlled system that allows students to access text, images, bulletin boards, chat rooms, animation, simulations and individual student web sites to study science and to collaborate on group projects. Author Solar Activity; Multimedia; Education; On-Line Systems; Solar Activity Effects 93 SPACE RADIATION
Includes cosmic radiation; and inner and outer Earth radiation belts. For biological effects of radiation on plants and animals see 52 Aerospace Medicine. For theory see 73 Nuclear Physics.
20010104369 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA USA Baryon Stopping in High Energy Collisions in the DPMJET-III Model Roesler, S.; Dec. 11, 2000; 7p; In English Report No.(s): DE2001-784799; SLAC-PUB-8734; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche The significant stopping of the participant nucleons in hadron-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions is investigated with the Monte Carlo event generator DPMJET-III by introducing new diquark breaking diagrams. It is argued that a similar mechanism might also lead to baryon stopping in proton-proton collisions at collider and cosmic ray energies. Model results are compared to data on net-proton rapidity distributions in central nuclear collisions. In addition, extrapolations of spectrum-weighted moments and energy fractions to cosmic ray energies are given. NTIS Baryons; Nucleons; Nuclear Interactions; Collisions
222
Subject Term Index

A
ABLATION, 222 ABSORPTION, 188 ABSORPTION SPECTRA, 25 ABSTRACTS, 176 ABUNDANCE, 188 ACCEPTABILITY, 216 ACOUSTIC EMISSION, 189 ACOUSTIC EXCITATION, 190 ACOUSTIC FREQUENCIES, 187 ACOUSTIC IMPEDANCE, 188 ACOUSTIC MEASUREMENT, 16, 106, 186, 189 ACOUSTIC PROPAGATION, 187, 189, 210 ACOUSTIC PROPERTIES, 119 ACOUSTIC SCATTERING, 186, 187, 188, 189 ACOUSTIC SOUNDING, 98 ACOUSTIC VELOCITY, 105, 186, 187, 203 ACOUSTICS, 186 ACOUSTO-OPTICS, 88 ACQUISITION, 158, 166 ACTIVE CONTROL, 2, 56 ACTUATORS, 2, 59 ADAPTIVE CONTROL, 49, 189 ADAPTIVE OPTICS, 76 ADDITIVES, 39 ADHESIVES, 34 AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY, 89 AERIAL RECONNAISSANCE, 13 AEROACOUSTICS, 3 AERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS, 67 AERODYNAMIC DRAG, 67 AERODYNAMIC FORCES, 2 AERODYNAMIC HEATING, 9 AERODYNAMICS, 2 AEROELASTICITY, 14 AEROGELS, 34 AERONAUTICS, 154 AEROSOLS, 74, 84, 156 AEROSPACE SCIENCES, 15 AGING (BIOLOGY), 96 AGING (MATERIALS), 34 AGRICULTURE, 89 AIR CONDITIONING, 40, 43 AIR CONDITIONING EQUIPMENT, 43 AIR DEFENSE, 10, 11, 14, 15 AIR FLOW, 41, 67 AIR LAND INTERACTIONS, 90 AIR POLLUTION, 69, 99, 102, 103 AIR QUALITY, 99 AIR TO AIR REFUELING, 12 AIR TRAFFIC, 6 AIR TRANSPORTATION, 4, 5, 6, 218 AIR WATER INTERACTIONS, 116, 119 AIRBORNE EQUIPMENT, 48, 86, 89, 91, 98 AIRCRAFT ACCIDENTS, 3 AIRCRAFT COMMUNICATION, 48 AIRCRAFT DESIGN, 8 AIRCRAFT ENGINES, 13, 82 AIRCRAFT EQUIPMENT, 10 AIRCRAFT LANDING, 4 AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE, 9, 11, 12, 13, 211 AIRCRAFT SAFETY, 4, 6, 11 AIRCRAFT STRUCTURES, 36 AIRLINE OPERATIONS, 5, 6 AIRSPACE, 6 AIRSPEED, 41 ALGORITHMS, 2, 8, 16, 44, 71, 77, 117, 161, 188, 206 ALKALI METALS, 27 ALLOYING, 32, 36 ALLOYS, 31, 32 ALTERNATING CURRENT, 185 ALTITUDE SICKNESS, 153 ALUMINUM ALLOYS, 33 ALUMINUM COMPOUNDS, 195 ALUMINUM GALLIUM ARSENIDES, 25 ALUMINUM OXIDES, 37 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE, 32, 66 AMINO ACIDS, 28, 191 AMORPHOUS SEMICONDUCTORS, 64 AMOUNT, 101 ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERTERS, 49 ANALYSIS (MATHEMATICS), 3 ANGULAR MOMENTUM, 17 ANGULAR VELOCITY, 17 ANNEALING, 32, 206, 208 ANNUAL VARIATIONS, 117, 118 ANTARCTIC REGIONS, 120 ANTENNA ARRAYS, 53, 58, 61 ANTENNA COMPONENTS, 53, 58 ANTENNA RADIATION PATTERNS, 47 ANTENNAS, 190 ANTHROPOMETRY, 167 ANTIBODIES, 139, 140, 152 ANTIGENS, 133, 141, 152 ANTIMONY COMPOUNDS, 195 ANTIOXIDANTS, 137 APERTURES, 58 APOLLO PROJECT, 16 APOPTOSIS, 124, 128 APPLICATIONS PROGRAMS (COMPUTERS), 169, 201 ARC WELDING, 79 ARCHAEOLOGY, 31 ARCHITECTURE (COMPUTERS), 157, 158, 164, 166, 168, 169 ARCTIC REGIONS, 96 ARGON, 197 ARMED FORCES, 4, 10 ARMED FORCES (UNITED STATES), 45 ARMOR, 81 ARPA COMPUTER NETWORK, 171 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, 164, 166, 213, 214 ARTIFICIAL SATELLITES, 18 ASSAYING, 124, 126, 135, 139 ASYMMETRY, 194 ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSFER MODE, 44, 49 ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY LAYER, 104 ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY, 96, 98, 102, 104, 105, 197 ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION, 102, 103, 117, 118 ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION, 87, 102, 117 ATMOSPHERIC EFFECTS, 84, 103 ATMOSPHERIC ENTRY, 221 ATMOSPHERIC GENERAL CIRCULATION MODELS, 95, 117 ATMOSPHERIC MODELS, 92, 116, 118, 120 ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION, 97 ATMOSPHERIC SOUNDING, 74, 75, 85, 86, 87, 117 ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE, 97, 103, 117 ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY, 24 ATOMIC STRUCTURE, 208 ATOMS, 194, 195 ATTACK AIRCRAFT, 9, 11 ATTENUATION COEFFICIENTS, 47, 200
ST1
AUDIO DATA, 51 AUDITORY DEFECTS, 179 AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEELS, 29, 31 AUSTRALIA, 219 AUTOMATA THEORY, 59, 69 AUTOMATIC CONTROL, 16, 44 AUTOMATION, 213 AUTOMOBILES, 23 AUTONOMY, 16
B
BACKSCATTERING, 119, 187, 189, 201, 210 BACKWARD DIFFERENCING, 177 BACTERIA, 129 BALANCING, 155 BANDSTOP FILTERS, 53 BANDWIDTH, 52, 190 BARYONS, 223 BAYES THEOREM, 176 BEACONS, 190 BEAM CURRENTS, 192 BEAM INJECTION, 181 BEAM INTERACTIONS, 183, 184, 185 BEAMFORMING, 58 BEAMS (RADIATION), 47, 182, 195, 201 BEAMS (SUPPORTS), 22 BETA PARTICLES, 183 BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE, 91 BINARY ALLOYS, 33 BINDERS (MATERIALS), 39 BIOASSAY, 148 BIOASTRONAUTICS, 96 BIODYNAMICS, 153 BIOENGINEERING, 151 BIOINSTRUMENTATION, 130 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, 83, 127, 186 BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION, 219 BIOMASS, 89, 94 BIOMETRICS, 155, 173 BIOPHYSICS, 151 BIOTECHNOLOGY, 213 BIPOLAR TRANSISTORS, 65 BISMUTH COMPOUNDS, 57 BLINDNESS, 154 BLOOD VESSELS, 150 BODY SIZE (BIOLOGY), 167 BOILERS, 68 BOLTS, 29 BOLTZMANN TRANSPORT EQUATION, 2, 177 BONE DEMINERALIZATION, 152 BONES, 152
BORN APPROXIMATION, 197 BOROSILICATE GLASS, 57 BOSONS, 191 BOUNDARIES, 175 BOUNDARY CONDITIONS, 78 BOUNDARY LAYER CONTROL, 2 BOUNDARY LAYER THICKNESS, 67 BOUNDARY LAYER TRANSITION, 1 BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS, 78, 177 BREADBOARD MODELS, 86 BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE, 72 BROADBAND, 45 BROADCASTING, 16 BROKEN SYMMETRY, 185 BUNCHING, 181 BURNERS, 27 BYPASSES, 182, 201
C
CADMIUM SELENIDES, 208 CALCIFEROL, 144 CALIBRATING, 44, 72, 73, 74, 76, 77, 91 CALIFORNIA, 93 CALORIMETERS, 102, 169 CANCER, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 197 CANONICAL FORMS, 118 CANOPIES (VEGETATION), 88, 91 CANYONS, 88 CARBON, 97 CARBON DIOXIDE, 88, 102, 104 CARBON DIOXIDE CONCENTRATION, 104 CARBON ISOTOPES, 26 CARBON MONOXIDE, 23 CARBON NANOTUBES, 61, 79 CARBON-CARBON COMPOSITES, 22 CARBONIZATION, 104 CARCINOGENS, 137 CASE HISTORIES, 211 CASSEGRAIN OPTICS, 76 CAST ALLOYS, 29 CASTING, 99 CATALYSIS, 18, 23 CATALYSTS, 28, 57 CATALYTIC ACTIVITY, 36 CATHODIC COATINGS, 28 CATHODOLUMINESCENCE, 191, 209 CAVITATION FLOW, 193 CCD CAMERAS, 75, 77 CELL DIVISION, 132
CELLS (BIOLOGY), 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 128, 130, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 139, 144, 146, 147, 148, 149 CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITES, 24 CERAMICS, 24, 35, 39, 64, 207 CERIUM, 26 CHANGE DETECTION, 89 CHANNEL FLOW, 65 CHAOS, 185 CHARACTERIZATION, 39, 79 CHARGED PARTICLES, 158, 185, 194, 196 CHARM (PARTICLE PHYSICS), 184, 193 CHECKOUT, 216 CHELATES, 140 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, 26, 36, 208 CHEMICAL BONDS, 31 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, 29, 208 CHEMICAL ENERGY, 121 CHEMICAL LASERS, 78 CHEMICAL REACTIONS, 23, 106 CHEMICAL WARFARE, 127 CHEMORECEPTORS, 130 CHEMOTHERAPY, 127, 128, 133, 149, 151 CHINA, 88, 89 CHIPS (ELECTRONICS), 64 CHLORINE, 96 CHLOROPHYLLS, 19, 88, 97 CHROMATOGRAPHY, 28, 96 CHROMOSOMES, 121, 138 CIRCUITS, 62, 163, 182 CITIES, 51, 98, 103 CLASSIFICATIONS, 16, 216 CLASSIFIERS, 16 CLEANING, 103, 190 CLIMATE, 119, 120 CLIMATE CHANGE, 84 CLIMATE MODELS, 118 CLIMATOLOGY, 45 CLINICAL MEDICINE, 133, 141, 151 CLONING (BIOLOGY), 133, 143 CLOTHING, 167 CLOUD COVER, 117 CLOUD HEIGHT INDICATORS, 45 CLOUD PHYSICS, 45, 115 CLOUDS (METEOROLOGY), 45 COAL, 38 COAL DERIVED LIQUIDS, 38 COATINGS, 19, 207 COBALT ALLOYS, 80 COHERENT RADIATION, 78, 185 COLD PLASMAS, 67 COLLISIONS, 182, 184, 203, 223 COLOR, 174, 221
ST2
COMBAT, 10, 11, 14 COMBINATIONS (MATHEMATICS), 157 COMBUSTION, 25, 26, 210 COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, 29 COMBUSTION PHYSICS, 41 COMMAND AND CONTROL, 8, 44, 45, 48, 49, 51, 158, 171, 213 COMMERCIAL OFF-THE-SHELF PRODUCTS, 61, 158 COMMERCIALIZATION, 39 COMMUNICATION, 45, 51, 190 COMMUNICATION CABLES, 63 COMMUNICATION NETWORKS, 50, 51, 163, 214 COMPATIBILITY, 21 COMPLEX SYSTEMS, 21, 48, 51, 162, 166, 167 COMPONENT RELIABILITY, 179 COMPOSITE MATERIALS, 21, 28, 61, 65 COMPOSITE PROPELLANTS, 39 COMPOSITE STRUCTURES, 22, 23 COMPOSITION (PROPERTY), 29 COMPRESSION TESTS, 105 COMPRESSORS, 54 COMPUTATION, 199 COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS, 2, 3, 66 COMPUTATIONAL GRIDS, 94, 118, 157 COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN, 26 COMPUTER INFORMATION SECURITY, 148, 168, 171, 172, 173, 214 COMPUTER NETWORKS, 52, 160, 172, 212, 217 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING, 59, 75, 161, 163, 165, 196 COMPUTER PROGRAMS, 12, 49, 64, 81, 82, 102, 148, 157, 160, 162, 166, 167, 168, 177 COMPUTER TECHNIQUES, 134, 156, 157 COMPUTER VIRUSES, 172 COMPUTERIZED SIMULATION, 21, 23, 44, 51, 64, 65, 94, 104, 142, 159, 162, 191, 199 CONCRETE STRUCTURES, 105 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, 210 CONDUCTIVE HEAT TRANSFER, 206 CONDUCTORS, 207 CONFERENCES, 21, 31, 41, 51, 53, 54, 55, 62, 63, 78, 81, 85, 99, 127, 154, 170, 176, 192, 219, 220 CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT, 169
CONGRESSIONAL REPORTS, 151, 171, 215 CONNECTICUT, 83 CONSERVATION LAWS, 68, 69 CONSTRUCTION, 73 CONTAMINANTS, 83, 93, 99, 103 CONTAMINATION, 93, 99, 129, 186 CONTINUOUS RADIATION, 55, 190, 194 CONTINUOUS WAVE LASERS, 78 CONTINUUMS, 182 CONTOURS, 66 CONTRACT NEGOTIATION, 219 CONTRACTORS, 142 CONTROL, 131, 174 CONTROL EQUIPMENT, 2, 53 CONTROL SYSTEMS DESIGN, 2, 175 CONTROL THEORY, 175 CONTROLLABILITY, 215 CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER, 66 CONVEYORS, 81 COOLING, 65, 181, 194 COOLING SYSTEMS, 43, 60 CORRECTION, 164 CORROSION, 19, 105 COSMOLOGY, 219 COST REDUCTION, 27 COSTS, 93, 94 COUNTERMEASURES, 47 COUPLES, 95 COUPLING, 196, 203 COUPLING COEFFICIENTS, 18 COUPLINGS, 180 COVALENT BONDS, 36 CRACK PROPAGATION, 30, 82, 179 CRACK TIPS, 22, 82 CRACKS, 82 CREEP PROPERTIES, 35 CREEP STRENGTH, 29, 35 CRIME, 155 CROP VIGOR, 89 CROSS FLOW, 1, 2 CRYPTOGRAPHY, 52, 168 CRYSTAL GROWTH, 191 CRYSTAL LATTICES, 208 CRYSTAL STRUCTURE, 181, 208 CRYSTALLINITY, 36, 181, 206 CRYSTALLOGRAPHY, 20, 52, 207, 208 CRYSTALS, 201 CUES, 156 CULTURE TECHNIQUES, 133, 146 CYCLES, 40 CYCLIC LOADS, 152 CYSTEINE, 153
D
DAMAGE, 22, 23 DATA, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115 DATA ACQUISITION, 83, 104 DATA BASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS, 164, 217, 218 DATA BASES, 145, 148, 162, 216, 217 DATA COMPRESSION, 86 DATA LINKS, 7, 43 DATA MANAGEMENT, 81 DATA PROCESSING, 86, 87, 148, 158, 165, 168, 170, 173, 203, 205, 214 DATA REDUCTION, 88, 89 DATA RETRIEVAL, 86, 97 DATA SIMULATION, 86 DATA STORAGE, 158, 217 DATA TRANSMISSION, 44, 86 DEATH, 134 DECAY RATES, 183 DECEPTION, 214 DECISION MAKING, 5, 7, 40 DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS, 165, 166 DECISION THEORY, 87 DECOMPOSITION, 18, 88 DEFECTS, 32 DEFENSE PROGRAM, 8, 31, 62, 157, 163, 169, 171, 177, 212, 215 DEFORMATION, 35 DEGREES OF FREEDOM, 181 DEHUMIDIFICATION, 42 DENSE PLASMAS, 202 DENSIFICATION, 80 DENSITY (NUMBER/VOLUME), 183, 192 DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID, 124, 128, 130, 133, 143, 144, 147, 218 DEPLOYMENT, 40, 162 DEPOLARIZATION, 183 DEPOSITION, 205 DEPTH MEASUREMENT, 32 DESICCANTS, 42 DESIGN ANALYSIS, 4, 43, 46, 64, 80, 194, 195 DETECTION, 156 DETECTORS, 76 DETONATION, 26 DETONATION WAVES, 25, 179 DEUTERIUM, 194 DIAGNOSIS, 13, 126, 130, 131, 134, 146, 150, 197 DIAPHRAGMS (MECHANICS), 188 DIELECTRICS, 47 DIESEL ENGINES, 41, 210 DIESEL FUELS, 39
ST3
DIETS, 149 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS, 78, 175 DIFFUSE RADIATION, 74 DIFFUSION, 21, 65, 84, 178 DIGESTING, 152 DIGESTIVE SYSTEM, 154 DIGITAL SIMULATION, 162 DIGITAL SYSTEMS, 44, 49, 59, 61, 131, 145, 150, 163, 171, 214 DIHYDRIDES, 26 DIPOLE ANTENNAS, 61 DIRICHLET PROBLEM, 68 DISCONTINUITY, 175 DISEASES, 127, 145 DISPERSING, 69 DISPLAY DEVICES, 59, 60 DISSIPATION, 185 DISTORTION, 197 DISTRIBUTED INTERACTIVE SIMULATION, 167 DISTRIBUTED MEMORY, 168 DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING, 165 DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS, 176 DIURNAL VARIATIONS, 92, 97, 140 DOCUMENT MARKUP LANGUAGES, 161, 164, 165 DOCUMENTS, 215 DOPAMINE, 121 DOPED CRYSTALS, 56, 206 DOPPLER EFFECT, 190 DOPPLER RADAR, 47 DOWNLINKING, 43 DRAG REDUCTION, 2, 67 DRIFT RATE, 203 DRUGS, 127 DUCT GEOMETRY, 66 DUCTED FLOW, 66 DURABILITY, 22, 36 DUST, 222 DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS, 164 DYNAMIC LOADS, 22 DYNAMIC RANGE, 49 DYNAMICS, 69
E
EARTH ENVIRONMENT, 75 EARTH IONOSPHERE, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115 EARTH MAGNETOSPHERE, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115 EARTH OBSERVATIONS (FROM SPACE), 73 EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEM (EOS), 16, 75 EARTH RADIATION BUDGET, 103
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS, 53 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, 218 ECONOMICS, 218 ECONOMY, 211 ECOSYSTEMS, 85 EDUCATION, 40, 41, 139, 154, 167, 213, 218, 223 EIGENVALUES, 169 EIGENVECTORS, 177 EJECTION SEATS, 6 ELASTIC PROPERTIES, 22 ELECTRIC AUTOMOBILES, 94 ELECTRIC CHARGE, 183 ELECTRIC CORONA, 222 ELECTRIC ENERGY STORAGE, 94 ELECTRIC FIELDS, 180 ELECTRIC GENERATORS, 94 ELECTRIC HYBRID VEHICLES, 101 ELECTRIC MOTORS, 64 ELECTRIC POTENTIAL, 204 ELECTRIC POWER, 93 ELECTRIC POWER PLANTS, 94 ELECTRO-OPTICS, 34, 52, 72, 201, 209 ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS, 94 ELECTROCHEMISTRY, 28, 194 ELECTRODE MATERIALS, 28 ELECTRODES, 28, 33, 61, 93 ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS, 46, 127, 176 ELECTROMAGNETIC PROPULSION, 67 ELECTROMAGNETISM, 46 ELECTROMYOGRAPHY, 140 ELECTRON EMISSION, 178 ELECTRON MOBILITY, 185 ELECTRON STATES, 26, 194 ELECTRON TRANSFER, 196, 205 ELECTRON TUNNELING, 205 ELECTRONIC COUNTERMEASURES, 171 ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT, 9, 53, 63 ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE, 195, 206 ELECTRONIC WARFARE, 13, 47 ELECTRONS, 183, 185, 196 ELECTROSTATIC PROBES, 29, 203 ELEMENTARY PARTICLE INTERACTIONS, 193 ELEMENTARY PARTICLES, 195 ELLIPSOMETRY, 24, 25 ELLIPTIC DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS, 68 EMBRITTLEMENT, 31 EMBRYOS, 121 EMISSION, 103 EMISSION SPECTRA, 60 EMISSIVITY, 50, 64, 91
EMITTERS, 50, 64, 65, 178 EMOTIONAL FACTORS, 138 EMPLOYMENT, 81 ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM, 124 ENDOSCOPES, 201 ENERGY CONSERVATION, 43 ENERGY CONSUMPTION, 98 ENERGY CONVERSION, 94 ENERGY DISSIPATION, 98, 193 ENERGY GAPS (SOLID STATE), 56, 60, 204 ENERGY METHODS, 106 ENERGY TRANSFER, 191, 193 ENGINE TESTS, 41 ENGINEERING, 41, 176 ENGINEERS, 41 ENGINES, 42 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT, 99 ENVIRONMENT MODELS, 99, 102 ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION, 99 ENVIRONMENTAL CLEANUP, 99 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING, 102 ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY, 100 ENVIRONMENTAL SURVEYS, 93 ENZYME ACTIVITY, 137 ENZYMES, 128, 142 EPHEMERIDES, 222 EPIDEMIOLOGY, 122, 145, 148 EPITHELIUM, 124, 126, 135, 137, 147 EPOXY MATRIX COMPOSITES, 22 EPOXY RESINS, 34 EQUATIONS OF STATE, 68 EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATIONS, 74 ERBIUM, 207 EROSION, 20 ERROR ANALYSIS, 58, 87 ERROR DETECTION CODES, 160 ERRORS, 87 ERYTHROCYTES, 129 ESCHERICHIA, 218 ESTERS, 25 ESTIMATES, 116 ESTROGENS, 135, 136, 140, 143, 147 ETCHING, 25 ETHNIC FACTORS, 122, 131, 145, 150 EVALUATION, 6, 177 EVAPORATIVE COOLING, 42 EVAPORATORS, 66 EVOLUTION, 21 EXAMINATION, 131 EXCIMER LASERS, 37 EXCITATION, 188, 210 EXHAUST EMISSION, 84, 99 EXHAUST GASES, 69
ST4
EXPERIMENT DESIGN, 80 EXPERIMENTATION, 46 EXPLOSIVES, 26, 39 EXPOSURE, 127, 131, 153, 179 EXTRACTION, 100 EYE (ANATOMY), 154 EYE EXAMINATIONS, 154
F
F-18 AIRCRAFT, 12 FABRICATION, 55, 57, 59, 63, 64, 76, 123, 182, 195, 202 FABRICS, 190 FAILURE ANALYSIS, 64 FATIGUE (MATERIALS), 22, 82, 152, 179 FATIGUE LIFE, 179 FATIGUE TESTS, 82, 179 FATTY ACIDS, 133, 149 FAULT TOLERANCE, 160 FEEDBACK, 217 FEEDBACK CONTROL, 16 FEMALES, 136 FERMIONS, 182 FIBER COMPOSITES, 23 FIBER OPTICS, 71, 78, 200, 201 FIBER ORIENTATION, 23 FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTORS, 55 FIELD OF VIEW, 72 FIELD TESTS, 84 FIELD-PROGRAMMABLE GATE ARRAYS, 59, 163 FIGHTER AIRCRAFT, 4 FINE STRUCTURE, 64 FINITE DIFFERENCE THEORY, 175 FINITE DIFFERENCE TIME DOMAIN METHOD, 77 FINITE ELEMENT METHOD, 2, 8, 12, 23, 176 FINITE VOLUME METHOD, 3, 118, 178 FINS, 8 FIRE CONTROL, 11 FISSIONABLE MATERIALS, 177 FLAT SURFACES, 19 FLIGHT CONTROL, 4 FLIGHT OPERATIONS, 3, 16 FLIGHT SAFETY, 4, 5, 6 FLIGHT TESTS, 10 FLIGHT TRAINING, 5, 154 FLIR DETECTORS, 11, 46 FLOW CHARACTERISTICS, 69 FLOW DISTRIBUTION, 24, 69, 193 FLOW EQUATIONS, 118 FLOW MEASUREMENT, 34, 69
FLOW STABILITY, 69 FLOW VELOCITY, 24 FLUE GASES, 103 FLUID DYNAMICS, 66 FLUID FLOW, 66, 68 FLUID MECHANICS, 70 FLUID-SOLID INTERACTIONS, 2 FLUORESCENCE, 19 FLUOROCARBONS, 36 FLUX DIFFERENCE SPLITTING, 3 FOAMS, 6, 33 FOCAL PLANE DEVICES, 74, 76 FOIL BEARINGS, 79 FOILS (MATERIALS), 196 FORECASTING, 117 FORESTS, 89, 91 FORMATES, 20 FOUNDATIONS, 211 FOURIER TRANSFORMATION, 72, 73, 86, 92 FRACTALS, 207 FRACTURES (MATERIALS), 84, 152 FRACTURING, 22, 31, 206 FRAGMENTS, 152 FREE ELECTRON LASERS, 79, 200 FREE ENERGY, 121, 206 FREEZING, 93 FREQUENCIES, 53 FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLEXING, 53 FROST, 93 FUEL CELLS, 93 FUEL COMBUSTION, 27 FUEL CONSUMPTION, 41 FUEL CONTAMINATION, 100 FUEL FLOW, 27 FUEL SYSTEMS, 27, 39 FUELS, 94 FURNACES, 35
G
GALACTIC CLUSTERS, 220 GALAXIES, 220 GALERKIN METHOD, 178 GALLIUM ARSENIDES, 25, 65, 206 GALLIUM NITRIDES, 206 GAME THEORY, 156, 218 GAS DETECTORS, 36 GAS GENERATORS, 78 GAS IONIZATION, 67, 197, 202 GAS PRESSURE, 35 GAS TUNGSTEN ARC WELDING, 80 GAS TURBINE ENGINES, 82 GASEOUS FUELS, 27
GASOLINE, 101 GAUGE THEORY, 181, 182 GELS, 28, 33 GENE EXPRESSION, 125, 133, 145 GENERAL AVIATION AIRCRAFT, 6, 211 GENERAL OVERVIEWS, 100 GENES, 121, 124, 125, 127, 128, 132, 134, 135, 137, 143, 145, 146, 147 GENETIC ALGORITHMS, 13, 191 GENETIC CODE, 138 GENETIC ENGINEERING, 133, 143 GENETICS, 132, 133, 138, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 151, 218 GENOME, 217 GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS, 90 GEOLOGY, 84 GEOMORPHOLOGY, 88, 106 GEOPHYSICS, 210 GEOPOTENTIAL HEIGHT, 95 GEOSTROPHIC WIND, 104 GEOSYNCHRONOUS ORBITS, 72, 74, 86 GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING, 93 GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES, 94 GEOTHERMAL TECHNOLOGY, 80 GERMANIUM, 64 GLASS, 35 GLASS LASERS, 202 GLASS TRANSITION TEMPERATURE, 36 GLASSY CARBON, 37 GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM, 7, 8, 17 GLUONS, 183, 192, 203 GOGGLES, 71 GRADIENTS, 66 GRAIN BOUNDARIES, 31, 191 GRATINGS (SPECTRA), 97 GRAVITATIONAL EFFECTS, 16 GRAVITATIONAL LENSES, 220 GREENHOUSES, 101 GRINDING MACHINES, 42 GROUND BASED CONTROL, 204 GROUND PENETRATING RADAR, 48 GROUND WATER, 83, 84 GROUND WIND, 117 GROWTH, 133, 137, 149 GYROSCOPES, 17
H
HADRONS, 184 HALL EFFECT, 64 HALOS, 196
ST5
HARDNESS, 30 HARMONICS, 183 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS, 99 HAZARDS, 90, 153, 186 HEALTH, 127, 142, 151, 153, 211 HEAT BUDGET, 92 HEAT FLUX, 92 HEAT ISLANDS, 103 HEAT MEASUREMENT, 38 HEAT PIPES, 66, 68 HEAT SHIELDING, 60 HEAT SINKS, 66 HEAT TRANSFER, 19 HEAVING, 93 HEAVY METALS, 193 HELICOPTERS, 3, 12 HELIOSPHERE, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115 HELIUM ISOTOPES, 196 HELMET MOUNTED DISPLAYS, 156 HETEROGENEITY, 106, 141 HETEROJUNCTIONS, 65 HEURISTIC METHODS, 44, 161 HIGH ALTITUDE, 86 HIGH ENERGY INTERACTIONS, 195, 198 HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGES, 161 HIGH STRENGTH ALLOYS, 82 HIGH TEMPERATURE, 28, 35, 58, 60 HIGH TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS, 57 HIGH TEMPERATURE TESTS, 62 HISTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS, 146 HISTOLOGY, 137, 152 HISTORIES, 11, 14 HOLLOW CATHODES, 64 HORMONES, 149 HOT ISOSTATIC PRESSING, 22 HOT PRESSING, 35 HUMAN BODY, 152, 167 HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING, 6, 13, 60, 179 HUMAN PERFORMANCE, 11, 45, 153, 155 HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERFACE, 59 HUMIDITY, 97 HYDRODYNAMICS, 178, 187 HYDROGEN, 36, 121, 202 HYDROGEN EMBRITTLEMENT, 30 HYDROGEN PEROXIDE, 18 HYDROGEN PRODUCTION, 39 HYDROGENATION, 28 HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE, 103 HYDROLOGY, 58, 83 HYPERBOLIC DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS, 178
HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS, 178 HYPERION, 73 HYPERSONIC BOUNDARY LAYER, 67 HYPERTHERMIA, 149 HYPOTHESES, 222
I
ICE CLOUDS, 96, 222 IDEAL FLUIDS, 69 IMAGE ANALYSIS, 44, 51, 129 IMAGE INTENSIFIERS, 77 IMAGE PROCESSING, 46, 92, 145, 172 IMAGE RESOLUTION, 77 IMAGERY, 46 IMAGES, 15, 46 IMAGING SPECTROMETERS, 72, 73, 74, 86 IMAGING TECHNIQUES, 29, 76, 77, 80, 86, 90, 115, 174, 183, 197, 208, 216 IMMUNOLOGY, 9, 130, 137, 152 IMPEDANCE MEASUREMENT, 188 IMPULSES, 18 IMPURITIES, 31 IN VITRO METHODS AND TESTS, 142 IN VIVO METHODS AND TESTS, 147, 149 INCINERATORS, 141 INCOMPRESSIBLE FLOW, 69 INCREASING, 211 INDIUM ANTIMONIDES, 76 INDIUM GALLIUM ARSENIDES, 65, 206 INDOOR AIR POLLUTION, 99, 192 INDUSTRIAL AREAS, 90 INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT, 6, 213 INDUSTRIES, 93 INELASTIC SCATTERING, 194, 207, 210 INEQUALITIES, 52 INERTIAL PLATFORMS, 17 INFILTRATION, 41 INFORMATION ANALYSIS, 217 INFORMATION MANAGEMENT, 3, 217 INFORMATION RESOURCES MANAGEMENT, 160 INFORMATION RETRIEVAL, 159, 164, 213 INFORMATION SYSTEMS, 9, 49, 145, 163, 164, 171, 172, 173, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216 INFORMATION TRANSFER, 158, 160 INFRARED DETECTORS, 48, 63
INFRARED IMAGERY, 23, 76, 115, 159, 174 INFRARED INSTRUMENTS, 91 INFRARED RADIATION, 50, 60 INFRARED SPECTRA, 98 INFRARED SPECTROMETERS, 73, 75 INHIBITORS, 133 INJECTORS, 181 INORGANIC PEROXIDES, 137 INSTRUCTORS, 16 INSULIN, 130 INTEGRATED CIRCUITS, 55 INTELLIGENCE, 7, 48, 156, 213 INTERCALIBRATION, 19 INTERFACES, 159 INTERFEROMETERS, 86, 98 INTERFEROMETRY, 55, 194 INTERMETALLICS, 31, 32 INTERMITTENCY, 104 INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES, 100 INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION, 5, 218 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, 219 INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS, 180 INTERNETS, 173, 217 INTEROPERABILITY, 8, 40, 161, 167, 168, 169 INTERPROCESSOR COMMUNICATION, 49, 51, 168, 171 INTERSYMBOLIC INTERFERENCE, 189 INVARIANCE, 182 INVENTORIES, 12, 154 INVERSIONS, 119 ION ACCELERATORS, 197 ION BEAMS, 192, 197 ION DENSITY (CONCENTRATION), 222 ION IMPLANTATION, 32, 55, 203, 208 ION SOURCES, 203 IONIC COLLISIONS, 193 IONIC REACTIONS, 20 IONIZATION, 20, 27, 196 IONIZED GASES, 67 IONIZING RADIATION, 96 IONS, 33, 121, 222 IRON, 26, 99 IRRADIANCE, 200 IRRADIATION, 29, 38 IRRIGATION, 83 ISOTOPES, 26 ITALY, 90
ST6
J
JAMMING, 48 JAPAN, 106 JET ENGINE FUELS, 9, 38 JET EXHAUST, 84 JET FLOW, 78 JOINTS (JUNCTIONS), 31 JP-8 JET FUEL, 39
K
KALMAN FILTERS, 17 KNOWLEDGE BASED SYSTEMS, 166
L
LABORATORIES, 84, 100 LAMINATES, 22 LANDSAT 5, 92 LANDSAT 7, 92 LANDSLIDES, 88 LANTHANUM COMPOUNDS, 202 LARGE EDDY SIMULATION, 65 LASER ALTIMETERS, 68 LASER APPLICATIONS, 19, 190, 202 LASER ARRAYS, 78 LASER BEAMS, 78, 194 LASER INDUCED FLUORESCENCE, 77 LASER OUTPUTS, 200 LASER RANGE FINDERS, 78 LASER SPECTROSCOPY, 192 LASERS, 52 LASING, 52 LATENT HEAT, 92 LEAKAGE, 56 LEARNING THEORY, 154 LEAST SQUARES METHOD, 81 LEAVES, 88 LEPTONS, 182 LEUKOCYTES, 153 LIBRARIES, 168 LIGANDS, 20, 26, 135 LIGHT (VISIBLE RADIATION), 97 LIGHT MODULATORS, 55 LINEAR ACCELERATORS, 180, 181, 183, 184, 201 LINEAR SYSTEMS, 169 LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY, 19 LIQUID CRYSTALS, 34, 69 LIQUID FUELS, 27 LIQUID PHASES, 20 LIQUID SODIUM, 60 LITHIUM ALLOYS, 33 LITHIUM BATTERIES, 61 LITHIUM COMPOUNDS, 190
LITHIUM NIOBATES, 55 LITHOLOGY, 105 LOAD CARRYING CAPACITY, 179 LOAD DISTRIBUTION (FORCES), 179 LOADS (FORCES), 29 LOCAL AREA NETWORKS, 50 LOG PERIODIC ANTENNAS, 53 LOGISTICS, 156 LONG RANGE WEATHER FORECASTING, 118 LOW EARTH ORBITS, 222 LOW NOISE, 63 LOW TEMPERATURE, 96, 203 LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS, 207 LUBRICANTS, 19, 35 LUBRICATION, 35 LUMINOSITY, 180, 192, 219 LUNAR EVOLUTION, 73 LUNAR EXPLORATION, 16 LUNAR LANDING, 16 LUNAR SURFACE, 73
M
MACHINE LEARNING, 172, 213 MACHINERY, 35 MAGNESIUM ALLOYS, 29 MAGNESIUM COMPOUNDS, 202 MAGNETIC FIELDS, 57, 180, 185, 202, 204 MAGNETIC INDUCTION, 77 MAGNETIC MATERIALS, 205 MAGNETIC RESONANCE, 197 MAGNETS, 80, 185 MAINTENANCE TRAINING, 6 MALES, 139 MAMMARY GLANDS, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 134, 135, 136, 137, 139, 140, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 149, 150, 151, 197 MAN ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS, 189 MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS, 3, 162 MANAGEMENT PLANNING, 102, 141, 169 MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS, 142, 212, 217 MANNED SPACECRAFT, 15 MANUALS, 13 MANUFACTURING, 61, 64, 79, 99, 156 MARINE ENVIRONMENTS, 119 MARKERS, 123, 146 MARKET RESEARCH, 5 MARS (PLANET), 221, 222 MARS ATMOSPHERE, 222
MARS SURFACE, 221 MASKS, 156 MASS SPECTROSCOPY, 20, 136 MASSACHUSETTS, 220 MASSIVE STARS, 220 MASTICATION, 140 MATHEMATICAL MODELS, 12, 21, 23, 51, 62, 71, 87, 97, 103, 106, 125, 210, 214, 217, 218, 221 MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD ESTIMATES, 50 MAXWELL EQUATION, 106 MAXWELL-BOLTZMANN DENSITY FUNCTION, 203 MEAN SQUARE VALUES, 118 MEASURE AND INTEGRATION, 195 MEASURING INSTRUMENTS, 164 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, 40 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES, 30, 31, 33, 105, 205 MEDICAL EQUIPMENT, 142 MEDICAL SCIENCE, 139, 152 MEDICAL SERVICES, 125, 127, 141 MEMBRANES, 151, 194 MEMORY (COMPUTERS), 162 MESOSCALE PHENOMENA, 119 METABOLISM, 121, 133 METAL COATINGS, 28 METAL COMPOUNDS, 25 METAL FILMS, 23, 36 METAL GRINDING, 42 METAL IONS, 20, 36, 140 METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES, 21 METAL OXIDE SEMICONDUCTORS, 55 METAL SURFACES, 35 METAL WORKING, 42 METALLIC GLASSES, 36 METALORGANIC CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION, 207 METALS, 32 METASTABLE STATE, 106 METEOR TRAILS, 118 METEORITIC COMPOSITION, 222 METEOROIDS, 118, 219, 222 METEOROLOGICAL INSTRUMENTS, 104 METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETERS, 74, 98 METEOROLOGICAL RADAR, 7, 47, 116, 118 METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITES, 90 METHOD OF MOMENTS, 47, 50 METHYL COMPOUNDS, 201 METRIC SPACE, 92 METROLOGY, 200 MICE, 136
ST7
MICHELSON INTERFEROMETERS, 87 MICROCLIMATOLOGY, 104 MICROCRACKS, 206 MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS, 2, 18, 54, 56, 57, 59, 60, 76 MICROELECTRONICS, 58, 59, 123 MICROHARDNESS, 35 MICROINSTRUMENTATION, 2, 63 MICROMECHANICS, 23 MICROORGANISMS, 121 MICROPOLAR FLUIDS, 69 MICROPROCESSORS, 8, 61, 158 MICROSCOPY, 34, 58 MICROSTRUCTURE, 21, 24, 31, 33, 205 MICROTHRUST, 18 MICROWAVE ANTENNAS, 61 MICROWAVE CIRCUITS, 60 MICROWAVE RADIOMETERS, 58 MICROWAVES, 127, 176 MIE SCATTERING, 29 MILITARY AIRCRAFT, 10, 11, 14 MILITARY HELICOPTERS, 11 MILITARY OPERATIONS, 4, 7, 15, 31, 49, 125, 163, 173 MILITARY TECHNOLOGY, 13, 53, 78, 170 MILITARY VEHICLES, 51, 54, 55, 62 MINE DETECTORS, 48 MINERALOGY, 105 MINERALS, 73, 104 MINES (ORDNANCE), 48 MINIATURIZATION, 18, 57, 64, 130 MINORITIES, 139 MISSILE DETECTION, 174 MITOCHONDRIA, 137 MIXING RATIOS, 88 MIXTURES, 38 MODELS, 64, 79 MOISTURE CONTENT, 48, 88 MOLDING MATERIALS, 37 MOLECULAR ELECTRONICS, 54, 59, 123 MOLECULAR INTERACTIONS, 123 MOLECULAR STRUCTURE, 123, 191 MOLECULES, 24, 33, 123, 126, 194 MOMENTUM TRANSFER, 181 MONOPROPELLANTS, 18 MONTE CARLO METHOD, 177, 184, 196, 221 MOON, 73 MOUNTAINS, 89 MOVING TARGET INDICATORS, 76 MULTIDISCIPLINARY DESIGN OPTIMIZATION, 8
MULTIMEDIA, 223 MULTIPHASE FLOW, 68 MULTISENSOR APPLICATIONS, 90, 175 MULTISENSOR FUSION, 174, 175, 214 MULTISPECTRAL LINEAR ARRAYS, 74 MULTISTATIC RADAR, 46 MULTIVARIATE STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, 41 MUONS, 194 MURCHISON METEORITE, 26 MUSCLES, 140, 153 MUTATIONS, 132, 133, 147
N
NANOCOMPOSITES, 208 NANOCRYSTALS, 22, 208 NANOSTRUCTURE (CHARACTERISTICS), 79, 205 NANOSTRUCTURES (DEVICES), 123, 185, 205, 206 NANOTECHNOLOGY, 54, 123, 213 NARROWBAND, 45 NASA SPACE PROGRAMS, 70 NATIONAL AIRSPACE SYSTEM, 3 NAVIGATION AIDS, 3 NAVIGATORS, 155, 167 NAVY, 8, 214 NEAR FIELDS, 34 NEAR INFRARED RADIATION, 34, 86 NECK (ANATOMY), 153 NEODYMIUM LASERS, 55 NEOPLASMS, 136, 139, 140 NEURAL NETS, 13, 44, 117, 172, 174, 216 NEUROPHYSIOLOGY, 121 NEUTRAL ATOMS, 195 NEUTRON COUNTERS, 196 NEUTRON SCATTERING, 21, 207, 210 NEUTRONS, 21, 196, 199 NICKEL ALLOYS, 207 NICKEL CADMIUM BATTERIES, 10 NIGHT SKY, 98 NIGHT VISION, 71 NITROGEN, 88, 97 NITROGEN COMPOUNDS, 105 NITROGEN DIOXIDE, 97 NITROGEN OXIDES, 124 NOISE (SOUND), 80 NOISE PREDICTION, 3 NOISE REDUCTION, 70 NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTS, 80, 81 NONINTRUSIVE MEASUREMENT, 80 NONLINEAR OPTICS, 191, 199
NONLINEAR PROGRAMMING, 161 NONLINEAR SYSTEMS, 175 NONLINEARITY, 201 NONPARAMETRIC STATISTICS, 176 NORMAL DENSITY FUNCTIONS, 222 NUCLEAR ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION, 217 NUCLEAR INTERACTIONS, 184, 223 NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE, 34, 36 NUCLEAR PARTICLES, 191 NUCLEAR PHYSICS, 193, 197 NUCLEAR RADIATION, 57, 197 NUCLEATION, 27, 33, 80 NUCLEONS, 194, 223 NUMERICAL ANALYSIS, 44, 47, 50, 177 NUTRITION, 149
O
OCEAN BOTTOM, 93, 106, 119, 187 OCEAN CURRENTS, 119 OCEAN MODELS, 116, 120 OCEAN SURFACE, 120 OCEANOGRAPHIC PARAMETERS, 119, 186 OCEANOGRAPHY, 119, 200 OCEANS, 85 OGIVES, 194 OILS, 101 ON-LINE SYSTEMS, 223 OPERATING SYSTEMS (COMPUTERS), 165 OPERATING TEMPERATURE, 66 OPERATIONAL PROBLEMS, 47 OPERATORS (MATHEMATICS), 175 OPTICAL COMMUNICATION, 200 OPTICAL EQUIPMENT, 79 OPTICAL FIBERS, 78 OPTICAL MEASUREMENT, 201 OPTICAL PROPERTIES, 28, 52, 71, 200, 202 OPTICAL SWITCHING, 56 OPTICAL THICKNESS, 74 OPTICS, 200 OPTIMIZATION, 180, 190 OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES, 56, 63 ORBITAL VELOCITY, 190 ORDNANCE, 77 ORGANIZATIONS, 211 ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUNDS, 20, 26 ORGANS, 138 ORTHOGONAL FUNCTIONS, 118 OSCILLATIONS, 184 OSCILLATORS, 55, 204
ST8
OVARIES, 134, 145 OVERPRESSURE, 153 OXIDATION, 105, 137 OXIDATION-REDUCTION REACTIONS, 93 OXIDES, 32 OXYGEN, 23, 78, 124 OZONE, 96, 98, 117 OZONE DEPLETION, 96
P
P-N-P JUNCTIONS, 65 P-TYPE SEMICONDUCTORS, 206 PACIFIC OCEAN, 117 PACKET SWITCHING, 56 PAIN, 150 PAINTS, 36 PALLADIUM, 36 PARALLEL PROCESSING (COMPUTERS), 92, 169, 183, 196 PARAMETER IDENTIFICATION, 23, 40 PARAMETRIC AMPLIFIERS, 55 PARTICLE BEAMS, 185, 196 PARTICLE COLLISIONS, 184 PARTICLE DECAY, 182, 183 PARTICLE DIFFUSION, 66 PARTICLE ENERGY, 202 PARTICLE IMAGE VELOCIMETRY, 70 PARTICLE MOTION, 185 PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION, 156 PARTICLES, 70 PARTICULATES, 98, 103 PATENT APPLICATIONS, 53, 178 PATHOGENESIS, 152 PATHOLOGY, 124 PATIENTS, 129, 138, 150 PATTERN RECOGNITION, 75, 102, 174 PEPSIN, 152 PEPTIDES, 123, 141, 191 PERCOLATION, 206 PERFORMANCE PREDICTION, 64, 214 PERFORMANCE TESTS, 29, 64, 81, 95, 102 PERIODIC VARIATIONS, 46 PERMALLOYS (TRADEMARK), 59 PERMITTIVITY, 9 PERSONNEL, 81 PERTURBATION, 68, 122, 157 PERTURBATION THEORY, 182 PETROLOGY, 207 PHASE LOCKED SYSTEMS, 78, 204 PHASE SHIFT, 204
PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS, 24, 38, 46 PHONONS, 207 PHOSPHATES, 20 PHOSPHORYLATION, 123, 135, 142 PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS, 26 PHOTOIONIZATION, 197 PHOTOLYSIS, 96 PHOTOMETERS, 56, 74 PHOTON BEAMS, 201 PHOTON DENSITY, 97 PHOTONS, 193, 199 PHOTOSENSITIVITY, 201 PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, 209 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES, 105, 106 PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, 125, 153 PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES, 139 PHYSIOLOGY, 149 PIEZOELECTRIC MOTORS, 64 PILOT PERFORMANCE, 7 PILOT TRAINING, 6, 154 PILOTLESS AIRCRAFT, 10, 11, 12 PILOTS, 43 PILOTS (PERSONNEL), 155 PINHOLES, 202 PIPES (TUBES), 68, 80 PLANAR STRUCTURES, 204 PLANETARY IONOSPHERES, 222 PLANNING, 177 PLANT STRESS, 89 PLANTS (BOTANY), 96 PLASMA ANTENNAS, 61 PLASMA CONTROL, 204 PLASMA DRIFT, 203 PLASMA ENGINES, 18 PLASMAS (PHYSICS), 67, 192, 193, 202, 203, 204 PLASTIC DEFORMATION, 22 PLATELETS, 129 PLATES (STRUCTURAL MEMBERS), 82 PLATES (TECTONICS), 106 PLATINUM, 23, 93 PLUG NOZZLES, 3 PLUTONIUM, 198 POINCARE SPHERES, 46 POINTING CONTROL SYSTEMS, 72 POISONS, 125 POLAR METEOROLOGY, 96 POLAR/GGS SPACECRAFT, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115 POLARIMETRY, 46 POLARIZATION (WAVES), 46 POLICIES, 5, 173, 215, 219 POLLUTION CONTROL, 99, 103 POLLUTION MONITORING, 83
POLYACRYLONITRILE, 96 POLYCRYSTALS, 30, 205, 206 POLYETHYLENES, 21, 84 POLYMER BLENDS, 33 POLYMERIZATION, 39 POLYMERS, 9, 24, 33, 34, 36, 38 POPULATIONS, 176 POROSITY, 37, 84 POROUS MATERIALS, 50, 68 PORPHYRINS, 194 POSITION (LOCATION), 81, 190 POSITIONING, 17 POWDER (PARTICLES), 35 PRECESSION, 183 PRECIPITATES, 33 PRECIPITATION (METEOROLOGY), 116 PRECISION, 182 PREDICTION ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES, 1, 184 PREDICTIONS, 95, 189 PRESSURE BREATHING, 140 PRESSURE EFFECTS, 67 PRESSURE GRADIENTS, 22 PRESSURE SENSORS, 63 PREVENTION, 211 PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS ANALYSIS, 117, 216 PRINTED CIRCUITS, 37 PROBABILITY THEORY, 161 PROBLEM SOLVING, 157, 166 PROCEDURES, 45, 202, 216 PROCUREMENT, 170 PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT, 71, 156, 163 PRODUCTION, 193 PROGNOSIS, 128 PROGRAM VERIFICATION (COMPUTERS), 165, 168, 199 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, 162, 165 PROGRAMS, 53 PROJECTILES, 9 PROPAGATION, 24 PROPANE, 25 PROPORTIONAL CONTROL, 23 PROPULSION SYSTEM CONFIGURATIONS, 18, 65 PROPYLENE, 68 PROSTATE GLAND, 121, 122, 125, 126, 127, 129, 132, 133, 138, 139, 141, 143, 144, 146, 148, 149, 150 PROTEASE, 136 PROTECTION, 171 PROTECTIVE COATINGS, 36 PROTEINS, 122, 123, 124, 125, 132, 135, 136, 141, 142, 143, 218
ST9
PROTON BEAMS, 193, 194 PROTONS, 96, 192 PROTOTYPES, 167 PROVING, 46 PSYCHOLOGY, 138, 139 PUBLIC HEALTH, 144, 151 PULSE COMMUNICATION, 170 PULSE DETONATION ENGINES, 25 PULSED LASER DEPOSITION, 191 PULSED LASERS, 18, 77 PYRITES, 105
Q
QUALITY CONTROL, 84, 169 QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS, 133 QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS, 181 QUANTUM COMPUTATION, 192 QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY, 52 QUANTUM DOTS, 192, 206 QUANTUM ELECTRONICS, 209 QUANTUM HALL EFFECT, 205 QUANTUM MECHANICS, 181, 185, 205, 210 QUANTUM THEORY, 181 QUANTUM WELLS, 52, 54 QUARKS, 180, 183 QUARTZ, 201
R
RADAR CROSS SECTIONS, 46, 49 RADAR DATA, 175 RADAR EQUIPMENT, 46, 118 RADAR IMAGERY, 44 RADAR RANGE, 49 RADAR TRACKING, 4, 48, 71 RADIANCE, 89 RADIANT FLUX DENSITY, 50 RADIATION ABSORPTION, 27 RADIATION DETECTORS, 64 RADIATION DOSAGE, 70, 131 RADIATION EFFECTS, 61, 96, 117 RADIATION PROTECTION, 199, 211 RADIATION SHIELDING, 198 RADIATION THERAPY, 131, 133, 140 RADIATION TOLERANCE, 61 RADIATION TRANSPORT, 198 RADIATIVE TRANSFER, 45 RADIO COMMUNICATION, 43 RADIO FREQUENCIES, 65, 197 RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE, 176 RADIOACTIVE DECAY, 183 RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES, 84, 197
RADIOACTIVE WASTES, 84 RADIOACTIVITY, 195 RADIOSONDES, 103 RADIOTELEPHONES, 51 RADOMES, 9 RAMAN SPECTRA, 85 RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY, 158 RANDOM NOISE, 52 RANGE SAFETY, 17 RARE EARTH COMPOUNDS, 202 RARE EARTH ELEMENTS, 29 RATES (PER TIME), 155 REACTION KINETICS, 106 REACTIVITY, 69, 198 REACTOR PHYSICS, 198 REACTOR TECHNOLOGY, 68 REAL TIME OPERATION, 17, 155, 167, 168, 170, 217 RECEIVERS, 8 RECEPTORS (PHYSIOLOGY), 127, 135 RECOGNITION, 155 RECTIFIERS, 28 RECYCLING, 37 RED SHIFT, 220 REFLECTANCE, 74, 88 REFLECTION, 200 REFRACTORY MATERIALS, 22 REGENERATION (PHYSIOLOGY), 124 REGRESSION ANALYSIS, 95 REGULATIONS, 71 REGULATORS, 132 RELATIONAL DATA BASES, 16, 161 RELATIVISTIC PARTICLES, 196 RELAXATION, 178 RELIABILITY, 64 RELIABILITY ANALYSIS, 41, 165, 167 RELIEF MAPS, 88 REMOTE SENSING, 58, 72, 73, 74, 75, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 96, 97, 98, 119, 200 REMOTE SENSORS, 73, 74 REMOTELY PILOTED VEHICLES, 13 REPORTS, 84, 100, 148 RESEARCH, 198 RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, 45, 82, 163 RESEARCH FACILITIES, 14, 127 RESEARCH MANAGEMENT, 53 RESEARCH VEHICLES, 190 RESOLUTION, 76 RESONATORS, 47, 190 RESOURCES MANAGEMENT, 211 RESPIRATION, 125 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM, 140 REVISIONS, 160 RHENIUM ALLOYS, 30
RIBONUCLEIC ACIDS, 122, 139 RISK, 5, 172, 173 ROBOTS, 48 ROCKET ENGINES, 18 ROCKS, 207 ROTARY WING AIRCRAFT, 14 ROTATING SPHERES, 118 RUBY, 71 RUDDERS, 4
S
SAFETY, 3, 177 SAFETY MANAGEMENT, 199, 211 SALINITY, 116 SAMARIUM, 80 SATELLITE ATTITUDE CONTROL, 17 SATELLITE COMMUNICATION, 52, 215 SATELLITE DESIGN, 73 SATELLITE IMAGERY, 85, 88, 89, 91, 92, 119 SATELLITE OBSERVATION, 75, 86, 98, 115, 120 SATELLITE TEMPERATURE, 92 SATELLITE-BORNE INSTRUMENTS, 73, 75 SATELLITES, 222 SATURATION, 68 SCALE MODELS, 93 SCANNERS, 195 SCANNING, 34 SCATTERING, 182 SCENE GENERATION, 159 SCHOOLS, 16 SCHOTTKY DIODES, 62 SCHROEDINGER EQUATION, 78, 206 SCOTLAND, 99, 192 SEA ICE, 120 SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE, 95, 116, 117, 118 SEALS (STOPPERS), 79 SEAS, 119 SEASONS, 120 SECONDARY FLOW, 66 SECURITY, 170, 171, 173, 213 SEDIMENTS, 93, 106, 121, 186, 187, 188 SELECTION, 51 SELENIUM, 83 SELF ASSEMBLY, 59, 123 SEMANTICS, 159 SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES, 54 SEMICONDUCTORS (MATERIALS), 56, 65, 205, 206, 208 SENSITIVITY, 91 SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS, 98, 103
ST10
SENSORS, 80 SENSORY FEEDBACK, 138 SERVICE LIFE, 82 SHALLOW WATER, 118 SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS, 59 SHAPES, 47 SHIPS, 50, 62 SHOCK TESTS, 71 SHOCK WAVE PROPAGATION, 203 SHOCK WAVES, 67, 69, 71 SIALON, 24 SIGNAL DETECTORS, 186 SIGNAL PROCESSING, 49, 61, 190, 195 SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIOS, 77 SIGNATURES, 203 SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS, 138, 149 SILICON, 32 SILICON CARBIDES, 35, 36, 55 SILVER, 31 SIMULATED ANNEALING, 156 SIMULATION, 46, 64, 79, 217 SINGLE EVENT UPSETS, 158 SINTERING, 22 SITE SELECTION, 5 SIZE (DIMENSIONS), 180 SKY BRIGHTNESS, 98 SMOKE, 24 SNOW COVER, 90 SODIUM, 121, 197 SODIUM COOLING, 60 SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, 160, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 168, 170, 196 SOFTWARE RELIABILITY, 165 SOI (SEMICONDUCTORS), 59 SOIL SAMPLING, 89 SOIL SCIENCE, 48 SOILS, 88, 93, 100 SOL-GEL PROCESSES, 61 SOLAR ACTIVITY, 223 SOLAR ACTIVITY EFFECTS, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 223 SOLAR PROBES, 60 SOLAR RADIATION, 70, 92, 97 SOLAR TERRESTRIAL INTERACTIONS, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115 SOLAR WIND, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115 SOLID STATE, 209 SOLID STATE LASERS, 54, 55, 202 SOLUBILITY, 32 SONAR, 172, 188 SOOT, 27
SOUND DETECTING AND RANGING, 188 SOUND TRANSMISSION, 190 SOUND WAVES, 189, 190 SOUTHERN OSCILLATION, 95 SPACE BASED RADAR, 116 SPACE HEATING (BUILDINGS), 43 SPACE LAW, 15 SPACE MISSIONS, 15, 70 SPACECRAFT COMPONENTS, 18 SPACECRAFT CONTROL, 17 SPACECRAFT INSTRUMENTS, 73 SPACECRAFT PROPULSION, 18 SPACECRAFT TRACKING, 17, 190 SPARE PARTS, 4 SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION, 102, 119, 180 SPATIAL RESOLUTION, 74 SPECIFIC HEAT, 185 SPECIFIC IMPULSE, 18 SPECTRAL BANDS, 87 SPECTRAL CORRELATION, 118 SPECTRAL METHODS, 118 SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE, 88, 89, 90, 91, 97 SPECTRAL RESOLUTION, 74 SPECTRAL SENSITIVITY, 98 SPECTRAL SIGNATURES, 91 SPECTRAL THEORY, 87 SPECTROMETERS, 97 SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS, 39 SPECTROSCOPY, 191 SPECTRUM ANALYSIS, 60 SPIRAL GALAXIES, 219 SPRAYERS, 210 SPUTTERING, 20 SRI LANKA, 5 STABILITY, 58, 72 STAINLESS STEELS, 32 STANDARD MODEL (PARTICLE PHYSICS), 191 STAR FORMATION, 219 STATIC LOADS, 22 STATIC TESTS, 30 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, 12, 29, 222 STEADY STATE, 66 STEELS, 20, 99 STELLAR MASS EJECTION, 222 STIMULATED EMISSION, 71 STOCHASTIC PROCESSES, 52, 58, 120, 181 STOICHIOMETRY, 121 STOPPING, 194 STORAGE RINGS (PARTICLE ACCELERATORS), 184 STORMS (METEOROLOGY), 47
STRAIN DISTRIBUTION, 206 STRAIN GAGES, 71 STRAIN RATE, 71, 179, 206 STRATOSPHERE, 96 STREAMS, 180 STREETS, 69 STRESS ANALYSIS, 32, 82 STRESS MEASUREMENT, 71 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS, 9, 40 STRUCTURAL DESIGN, 8, 32 STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING, 2 STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES (GEOLOGY), 90 STRUCTURAL STABILITY, 106 STUDENTS, 16 SUBSTRATES, 63, 207, 208, 209 SULFATES, 105 SULFUR HEXAFLUORIDE, 70 SUN, 222 SUPERCOMPUTERS, 199 SUPERCONDUCTING FILMS, 207 SUPERCONDUCTIVITY, 197 SUPERCONDUCTORS (MATERIALS), 207, 209 SUPERHIGH FREQUENCIES, 46 SUPERSONIC DRAG, 203 SUPERSONIC FLIGHT, 9 SUPERSONIC NOZZLES, 18 SUPERSONICS, 67 SUPPORT SYSTEMS, 14, 173 SUPPRESSORS, 123, 132, 138, 146 SURFACE ENERGY, 206 SURFACE PROPERTIES, 25, 103 SURFACE ROUGHNESS, 37, 184, 187, 189 SURFACE TEMPERATURE, 92, 97 SURFACE TREATMENT, 82 SURFACE VEHICLES, 39, 53 SURFACE WATER, 83 SURFACE WAVES, 120, 187 SURGERY, 129 SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS, 45 SURVEYS, 144 SWATH WIDTH, 75 SWEPT WINGS, 2 SYMBOLS, 45 SYNCHRONOUS SATELLITES, 70 SYNCHROTRON RADIATION, 185 SYNTHESIS, 25 SYNTHESIS (CHEMISTRY), 20, 129, 133, 151, 194 SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR, 44, 46 SYNTHETIC ARRAYS, 58 SYSTEM EFFECTIVENESS, 4
ST11
SYSTEMS ANALYSIS, 161, 175 SYSTEMS ENGINEERING, 1, 54, 55, 163, 165, 168, 170, 214, 216 SYSTEMS INTEGRATION, 2, 54, 55, 62, 164 SYSTEMS SIMULATION, 10, 159 SYSTEMS-ON-A-CHIP, 60
T
TAIL ASSEMBLIES, 8, 12 TANTALUM, 20 TANTALUM COMPOUNDS, 190 TARGET ACQUISITION, 46, 60, 72, 76 TARGET RECOGNITION, 72, 75, 175 TARGETS, 71, 161, 193 TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING, 171 TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT, 9, 39, 45, 50, 53, 99, 170 TECHNOLOGY UTILIZATION, 94, 215 TELECOMMUNICATION, 81, 186 TELEGRAPH SYSTEMS, 171 TELEMEDICINE, 151 TELESCOPES, 76 TEMPERATE REGIONS, 95 TEMPERATURE CONTROL, 68 TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE, 58, 206 TEMPERATURE EFFECTS, 32 TEMPERATURE INVERSIONS, 117 TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT, 85 TEMPERATURE PROFILES, 67, 103 TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION, 119 TENSILE PROPERTIES, 81 TENSILE TESTS, 30 TEST FACILITIES, 14, 177 TEST STANDS, 73 TESTS, 40 TEXTURES, 32 THERAPY, 125, 127, 135, 144 THERMAL ANALYSIS, 9, 39 THERMAL BATTERIES, 95 THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY, 41, 205, 206 THERMAL EMISSION, 58 THERMAL ENERGY, 60 THERMAL SHOCK, 141, 193 THERMAL STABILITY, 33 THERMOACOUSTIC EFFECTS, 42 THERMOACOUSTIC REFRIGERATORS, 42 THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES, 9 THERMODYNAMICS, 94, 117, 121 THERMOELECTRIC GENERATORS, 60
THERMOELECTRIC POWER GENERATION, 27 THERMOELECTRICITY, 62 THIN FILMS, 23, 59, 195, 202, 205, 209 THREAT EVALUATION, 162 THREE DIMENSIONAL FLOW, 66 THREE DIMENSIONAL MODELS, 2, 51, 82, 106, 116, 198, 208 THRUST, 18 THRUST BEARINGS, 79 THRUSTORS, 18, 64 TIME DEPENDENCE, 184, 196 TIME RESPONSE, 50 TIME SERIES ANALYSIS, 46 TISSUES (BIOLOGY), 96 TOMOGRAPHY, 106 TOPOGRAPHY, 88, 187 TOPOLOGY, 168 TOUGHNESS, 24 TOWERS, 6 TOXICITY, 9, 125, 141 TRACE ELEMENTS, 104 TRACKING (POSITION), 17, 76, 161, 212 TRACKING RADAR, 71 TRAINING SIMULATORS, 155 TRAJECTORY ANALYSIS, 221 TRAJECTORY CONTROL, 221 TRAJECTORY OPTIMIZATION, 221 TRAJECTORY PLANNING, 221 TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY, 208 TRANSMITTANCE, 92 TRANSMITTERS, 190 TRANSONIC FLOW, 68 TRANSONIC SPEED, 70 TRANSONIC WIND TUNNELS, 14 TRANSPORT PROPERTIES, 198, 199 TRAPPED PARTICLES, 194 TRAPPING, 194, 195 TREES (PLANTS), 91 TRENDS, 32 TRMM SATELLITE, 119 TROPICAL METEOROLOGY, 119 TROPICAL REGIONS, 104, 117 TROPOSPHERE, 98, 105 TUMORS, 128, 139, 141, 149, 150 TUNABLE FILTERS, 53, 88, 97 TUNABLE LASERS, 77, 78 TUNGSTEN ALLOYS, 30 TUNING, 51 TURBOMACHINERY, 65 TURBULENCE, 69 TURBULENT COMBUSTION, 69 TURBULENT FLAMES, 29
TURBULENT FLOW, 66, 106 TURBULENT HEAT TRANSFER, 66 TWO DIMENSIONAL MODELS, 2 TYPHOONS, 119 TYROSINE, 133, 142
U
ULTRASONIC RADIATION, 190 ULTRASONIC TESTS, 80 ULTRAVIOLET DETECTORS, 56 UNDERWATER ACOUSTICS, 186, 189, 190, 210 UNITED STATES, 6, 171, 177, 219 UNIX (OPERATING SYSTEM), 165 UNSTEADY FLOW, 68 UPPER ATMOSPHERE, 106 URANIUM, 196 URETHANES, 38 UROLOGY, 129 USER MANUALS (COMPUTER PROGRAMS), 84 USER REQUIREMENTS, 160, 212, 216 UTILITIES, 93 UTILITY AIRCRAFT, 3 UTILIZATION, 79
V
VACCINES, 129, 130, 141 VACUUM DEPOSITION, 205 VACUUM TUBES, 184 VANADIUM OXIDES, 61 VAPOR PHASES, 20, 35 VAPORIZING, 210 VEGETATION, 87, 88, 89, 91 VEGETATIVE INDEX, 88, 89 VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION, 106 VENTILATORS, 140 VETERINARY MEDICINE, 149 VIBRATION, 77 VIBRATION DAMPING, 2 VIBRATION MEASUREMENT, 54 VIBRATIONAL STRESS, 2 VIDEO SIGNALS, 49 VIRTUAL REALITY, 162, 163, 167 VIRUSES, 139 VISCOSITY, 34, 70 VISUAL PERCEPTION, 221 VITAMINS, 149 VOIGT EFFECT, 92 VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS, 84, 100 VOLTAGE CONVERTERS (DC TO DC), 62 VORTICES, 65
ST12
VULNERABILITY, 7, 90
W
WAFERS, 65 WARFARE, 48, 173 WARNING SYSTEMS, 213 WASTE DISPOSAL, 83 WASTE ENERGY UTILIZATION, 42 WASTE MANAGEMENT, 141 WATER, 85, 88 WATER COLOR, 119 WATER HAMMER, 68 WATER POLLUTION, 83 WATER RESOURCES, 83, 116 WATER SAMPLING, 84 WATER VAPOR, 74, 103, 117 WAVE PROPAGATION, 78, 120, 203 WAVE REFLECTION, 118 WAVEGUIDES, 204 WAVELET ANALYSIS, 92, 119 WEAK INTERACTIONS (FIELD THEORY), 184 WEAPON SYSTEMS, 9, 15 WEATHER, 7 WEATHER FORECASTING, 75, 104 WEATHER STATIONS, 48 WELDED JOINTS, 31 WELLS, 84 WICKS, 68 WIND MEASUREMENT, 118 WIND SHEAR, 117 WIND TUNNEL MODELS, 14 WIND VELOCITY, 97 WIND/GGS SPACECRAFT, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115 WIRE, 37, 62 WIRELESS COMMUNICATION, 50, 63 WYOMING, 99
X
X RAY ABSORPTION, 27 X RAY ANALYSIS, 210 X RAY BINARIES, 219 X RAY DIFFRACTION, 201 X RAY SOURCES, 219 X RAYS, 32
Y
YAG LASERS, 55 YBCO SUPERCONDUCTORS, 207 YIELD STRENGTH, 81 YTTERBIUM COMPOUNDS, 20
ST13
Personal Author Index

A
Aaronson, Stuart A., 147 Abeln, T. G., 31 Abraham, Gregory, 40 Abraham, John, 210 Adriani, Alberto, 96 Agamalian, M. M., 20 Agrawal, Giri, 79 Ahmad, I., 197 Ahmer Wadee, M., 106 Ahroon, William A., 152, 178 Aires, F., 117 Akhremitchev, Boris, 34 Akyel, Yahya, 127 Al-Mawaali, S., 24 Alamo, R. G., 20 Albert, C. C., 170 Albert, Daniel B., 120 Alderton, Malcolm R., 152 Alekseev, K. N., 185 Alexander, Michael, 171 Ali, Syed Firasat, 154 Allen, T. R., 29 Allred, Clark L., 57 Alperin, Marc J., 120 Amanatidis, Georgios T., 96 Amman, M., 64 Anderson, Bruce E., 83 Anderson, James G., 96 Andrews, Harold G., 162 Anstee, Stuart, 188 Anton, Philip S., 212 Antonelli, P. B., 86 Antonio, Joseph C., 71 Antoniou, Andreas, 5 Arakkal-Nellissery, Jacob, 147 Arendsen, P., 2 Arkhipov, Boris, 17 Armitage, R., 202 Armstrong, R. C., 168 Ashour-Abdalla, Maha, 222 Assoufid, L., 200 Athanasiou, Christos, 189 Atluri, S. N., 82 Audino, M., 19 Aumann, Hartmut H., 75 Austin, Paul N., 140 Awes, T. C., 193
B
Baca, A. G., 65 Bachmann, Felix, 157 Backonja, Miroslav, 150 Bacmeister, Julio T., 116 Bae, Jin-Woo, 55 Bageon, Kellye, 154 Bai, G. R., 205 Baker, D. N., 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115 Baker, S., 77 Bakker, M., 2 Balachandran, U., 39, 56 Baliga, B. J., 54 Balolong, Marianie O., 120 Band, Hamid, 126 Bandara, J. M. S. J., 5 Bandari, Esfandiar, 156 Banderet, Louis E., 153 Banes, Anthony Vince, 8 Barger, Millard, 44 Bass, Len, 157, 160 Bassani, John L., 21 Baxter, Ruth, 137 Bayt, Robert, 55 Becka, G. A., 64 Beckerman, M., 222 Beish, Jeff, 221 Belldegrum, Arie, 126 Bellomy, J. R., 28 Bemis, J., 24 Benavides, Jeannette, 79 Benezeth, P., 32 Bennett, J., 83 Bennett, K., 32 Benson, S. V., 78 Berger, E. L., 192 Bergman, Robert G., 48 Berman, G. P., 185 Berndt, M. L., 80 Bernstein, Mark, 93 Best, F. A., 72 Best, Fred A., 85 Betten, Steven G., 167 Bigsby, Robert M., 135 Bilek, M. M. M., 203 Bingham, G. E., 72 Birnbaum, E. R., 36 Birur, Gaj, 66 Blackmon, J., 197
Blackwell, D. D., 203 Blair, W. D., 44 Blom, J. G., 102, 118 Boegner, Gregory J., 8 Boehman, A., 38 Boer, A. de, 2 Bohn, T., 100 Bohnert, G. W., 37 Bonetti, Dena M., 153 Bonn, Willy, 18 Booth, T. E., 177 Borasi, F., 197 Borchers, Brian, 48 Borowski, Samuel M., 185 Boswell, James E., 167 Botschner, Richard, 60 Bottenus, R. J., 81 Bourguignon, Lilly Y., 121 Bowen, Brent D., 6 Boyd, Robert D., 152 Braathen, Geir O., 96 Bradford, Jeff, 60 Bradley, Melissa, 173 Bradshaw, Jerald S., 25 Brainerd, Tereasa, 219 Brandow, B., 209 Brantley, David, 166 Brau, B., 184 Braun, Scott A., 118 Breighner, Larence A., 159 Brenernan, Kevin, 4 Breuer, Kenneth, 55 Brickner, Michael S., 45 Briggs, Kevin, 209 Briggs, Kevin B., 186, 187, 188, 189 Brock, Jerome P., 165 Brockett, Steven M., 49 Brodsky, S. J., 181 Bronson, R. T., 25 Brown, David R., 10 Brown, I. G., 192, 203 Brown, M. J., 102 Brown, N., 99 Brownsword, L. L., 170 Bruington, Mark, 4 Brune, William H., 96 Bubner, T. P., 71 Buchheit, R. G., 18 Budlong-Sylvester, K. W., 217 Bugdorfer, J., 196 Bulun, Serdar E., 146
PA1
Burgess, Malcolm A., 7 Busta, Heinz H., 76 Butler, Donald P., 63 Buttler, W. T., 51 Buyukacar, Volcan M., 3 Byrnes, Christopher I., 175
C
Caggiano, J., 197 Cahill, Patrick E., 49 Cai, Y., 183 Cammarata, R. C., 36 Campbell, D. K., 185 Campbell, Janet W., 119 Canic, S., 68 Cannon, E. H., 185 Canpolat, M., 201 Cant, Tony, 170 Cantwell, G., 72 Caraway, Willie D., III, 71 Carota, G., 207 Carslaw, Kenneth S., 96 Cashman, John, 46 Cassady, Philip E., 88 Cauneau, F., 88 Cavalieri, Donald J., 120 Celik-Butler, Zeynep, 63 Chakoumakos, B. C., 206 Chan, Heang P., 149 Chan, Kin-Weng, 174 Chandra, Namas, 21 Chang, Huey-Por, 41 Chang, P. C., 65 Chao, A., 184 Chaparro, Alex, 13 Chapman, Michael D., 164 Chayanova, Eleonora A., 96 Chedin, A., 117 Chen, Chung-Chih, 41 Chen, D. W., 55 Chen, Da-ren, 83 Chen, I. W., 24 Chen, I-Wei, 34, 35 Chen, K. C., 31 Chen, S. R., 32 Chen, Shaw H., 27 Chen, Ting, 45 Cheung, Win-Jou, 49 Chien, H. T., 80 Chin, H. S., 102 Chin, Moira, 157 Chiou, Guey-Fa, 41 Choi, Michael K., 60
Chou, A. S., 183 Chou, Chien, 41 Christo, Farid C., 50 Chu, F., 31 Chu, Steven, 194 Chung, Chi-Kong Arthur, 135 Chung, J. S., 32 Ciszkowska, M., 33 Clark, Richard M., 10 Clarke, Jerry A., 165 Clay, R. L., 168 Clement, J. Ed, 73 Cleveland, Tamara, 171 Clifford, J. R., 217 Cofer, W. Randy, III, 83 Cohen, Elliot, 53 Cohn, J. L., 206 Cole, J. I., 29 Colegrove, S. B., 161 Collins, T. M., 83 Comella-Dorda, Santiago, 160 Comiso, Josefino C., 120 Connors, V. S., 83 Conrad, D., 53 Cooper, Jonathan E., 8 Corke, Thomas, 55 Cortright, Joseph, 218 Cox, Ann B., 95 Cox, J., 19 Cox, Joseph L., 77 Cox, L. J., 195 Craig, Michael T., 96 Crane, Peter, 154 Crane, S., 195 Cronin, John R., 26 Crossley, Benjamin L., 46 Culp, Lloyd A., 146 Curtis, S. A., 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115 Czyz, Zbigniew H., 46
De, K., 195 DeCola, Philip E., 96 Desnica, U. V., 207 deZafra, Dorothea E., 213 Dickerhoff, D., 41 Diediker, L. P., 102 Dietz, N. L., 29 Dilks, L., 53 Doell, Chris, 62 Doiron, Terence A., 58 Doll, D. W., 194 Donley, Stephen J., 40 Donohoe, Gregory, 59 Dougherty, Lamar, 8 Douglas, Jay, 141 Douillard, Patrice, 126 Drake, Timothy S., 168 Draper, P. A., 195 Drayton, P. J., 98 Dreyer, Paul, 93 Drnevich, R. F., 39 Dunn, Bruce, 61 Dunnill, William, 78 Duong, Ninh, 159 Duscher, G., 209 Dutcher, S., 86 Dynes, Robert C., 204
E
Earl, W. L., 28 Eastman, J. A., 205 Echle, G., 86 Edwards, Bernard L., 8 Edwards, Sean J., 51 Egami, T., 207 Elledge, Stephen, 124 Ellis, R. J., 198 Ely, Kathryn R., 123 Endo, Takahiro, 97 English, B. C., 94 Erwin, M., 208 Esaias, Wayne E., 119 Euerle, Steve, 50 Evelyn, A. L., 36, 37 Evenson, Paul A., 70
D
Daigo, Motomasa, 88 Daly, M., 94 Damiani, Fiorenzo, 90 Danishefsky, Samuel J., 129 Davenport, Daniel M., 214 Davey, S. J., 161 Davidson, P. S., 78 Davies, B. S., 83 Davis, Eddie L., 164 Davis, Mike, 76 de Rege, F. M., 28
F
Faber, Lorry, 71 Fairfield, D. H., 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115 Fajardo, Laurie L., 131 Fan, X., 209
PA2
Fargues, M. P., 215 Farman, Garrett J., 23 Feiler, Peter H., 169 Feringa, Alexis, 173 Fernsler, R. F., 203 Fibich, G., 77 Field, R. D., 31 Fine, J., 99 Fischenich, Craig, 180 Fischer, H., 86 Fitzhugh, Elisabeth, 60 Fiuza, Antonio, 45 Fleishauer, Robert P., 117 Folkman, Mark, 73 Folta, David, 16 Foreman, J. T., 170 Forrester, E. C., 170 Forster, R. A., 198 Foskett, James K., 124 Foulkes, William D., 138 Frame, E. A., 39 Frank, J. E., 177 Frankel, G. S., 18 Frankenberg, Elizabeth, 144 Frazer, N. L., 186 Freeman, Arthur J., 30 Freeman, Gary, 180 Freiser, B. S., 20 Frese, Michael H., 202 Frick, T. W., 83 Fricke, Clifford L., 189 Fry, Patrick M., 85 Frye, B., 220 Fujiwara, Noboru, 88, 89, 97 Fukuda, Masami, 91 Fulco, Charles S., 153 Fung, Bing M., 33 Fung, Inez, 102 Furumi, Shinobu, 89
G
Gabriel, Christopher L., 106 Gadd, David A., 75 Gaffney, J. S., 96, 98 Gagliardi, C. A., 193 Galaktionov, Konstantin I., 134 Galbreath, E. D., 216 Gallimore, A. D., 63 Gamulin, O., 207 Ganguly, Asok, 171 Gao, H. J., 209 Garcia, J., 93 Garcia, R., 86
Gardner, Margaret E., 88 Gardner, Robin C., 5 Garrison, Brian, 81 Gatski, Thomas B., 66 Gauci, Penelope J., 152 Gees, Juerg, 78 Gerber, David K., 48 Getschow, Karen R., 153 Gettrust, J. F., 66 Ghosh, Pranab, 219 Gibson, Ralph D., 164 Gil, Yolanda, 166 Gillevet, P., 217 Gilpatrick, J. D., 195 Gintner, M. A., 68 Giroux, Mark, 73 Glatthor, N., 86 Glibert, Patricia M., 19 Glisson, Allen W., 47 Gloersen, Per, 120 Goate, Alison M., 146 Goldberger, W. M., 80 Goldstein, Robert A., 153 Goldstraw, Matthew, 82 Gong, D., 42 Gonzalez, Daniel G., 61 Goodings, Deborah J., 93 Gopalsami, N., 80 Gorak, Mark S., 11 Gorgas, T. J., 186 Goulding, C. A., 196 Goward, Samuel, 92 Graham, R. L., 94 Grant, Darrell, 79 Gray, G. T., 32 Grebowsky, Joseph M., 222 Green, Brian, 171 Green, Jeff, 10 Green, Mavis F., 5 Gregers-Hansen, Vilhelm, 49 Gregga, Jason B ., 43 Greiner, Mark E., 76 Grob, Eric W., 68 Grobstein, Janet E., 162 Groff, Loren S., 13 Grunzke, Shawn D., 12 Guckenberger, Dutch, 154 Guidotti, R. A., 94 Gulick, John R., 179 Gupta, Shanti S., 176 Gupta, Vikas, 59 Gupta, Yogendra M., 71 Guszkiewicz, M. S., 20
H
Hadjiiski, Lubomir, 134 Hagelstein, Peter, 62 Hagen, D. E., 83 Hall, David L., 174 Hall, K. A., 28 Hall, Simon J., 125 Halle, Robert F., 161 Halverson, Jeffrey, 118 Hamamura, Shiomi, 98 Hamernik, Roger P., 152, 178 Hand, T. E., 190 Hansen, W. J., 170 Hanson, Mark, 93 Harger, C. A., 217 Harlow, Charles, 16 Harris, Lyndsay N., 127 Harris, Neil R. P., 96 Harrison, F. W., 86 Hartung, Jeffrey W., 5 Haruyama, Junichi, 72 Haskel, D., 80 Hatcher, P., 38 Hawley, Thomas D., 136 Hayden, Clark, 173 Hayes, Caroline, 166 Haynes, T. E., 32 Hazard, N., 100 Hearn, Patrick A., 187 Heck, Michael L., 7 Heifets, S. A., 180, 185 Henderson, B. D., 199 Henderson, Marie, 170 Hendrick, J. S., 195 Hermann, David J., 58 Hermanson, M. L., 211 Hernandez, Alison E., 11 Heroux, Sherri A., 105 Heukelem, Laurie Van, 19 Hewitt, W. J., 94 Heymsfield, G. M., 46 Higginbotham, John C., 122 Hilakivi-Clarke, Leena A., 148 Hirahara, Yasuhiro, 72 Hitt, Darren L., 18 Ho, C. K., 84 Hoehler, Tori M., 120 Hofacre, Kent C., 156 Hoffman, Paul, 179 Hofmann, I., 196 Holland, L. B., 198 Holland, Richard, 176 Hollas, C. L., 196 Hollis, Michael S., 9
PA3
Holm, D. D., 69 Holm, E. A., 206 Holt, R. J., 191 Hong, Daisy Lan, 41 Hou, Arthur, 118 Hou, H. Q., 65 Hou, Jianfu, 82 Houdeshell, Jack E., 190 Hower, B. O., 216 Hoyano, Akira, 91 Hu, Xiu-Qing, 74 Huang, B., 86 Huang, H. L., 86 Huang, Hung-Lung, 74, 86 Huang, Yi-Bin, 74 Hughes, R. J., 51 Hunsberger, Michael G., 163 Hunt, G. W., 106 Hunter, H. T., 198 Hurt, W. Todd, 73
Johnson, Edward G., 140 Johnson, G. C., 119 Johnson, R. P., 202 Johnson, Robert L., 75 Johnson, W. N., 64 Jonasson, Michael E., 142 Jones, J. P., 222 Jordan, Theresa, 131 Joyce, D. B., 20 Julke, Timothy, 36 Jumars, Peter A., 187
K
Kabel, A. C., 181 Kackenko, E. J., 31 Kadavanich, A. V., 208 Kalnay, Susann-Brady, 132 Kaminsky, David, 153 Kaminsky, J. F., 82 Kang, H., 183 Kanske, Craig A., 154 Kaps, Robert W., 5 Karadeniz, Kadir, 158 Karjala, Melissa, 55 Karlholm, J., 76 Karlsson, M., 76 Karna, Shashi, 59 KastnerKlein, P., 69 Kates, Jesse, 160 Kaufman, Jonathan H., 197 Kawa, Hajimu, 36 Kaxiras, E., 195 Kedzierski, M. A., 19 Keidar, M., 203 Keller, Sharon, 168 Kelly, Mark R., 127 Kempinger, S. K., 71 Kent, A. D., 217 Keyfitz, B. L., 68, 69 Khan, M. Javed, 154 Khounsary, A., 200 Kiamilev, Fouad E., 56 Kim, H., 195 Kim, J., 185 Kim, Kyu-Myong, 117 Kim, S. H., 193 Kimmich, E., 86 King, N., 77 Kingston, Gina, 157 Kinney, Albert C., 49 Kinoshita, K., 94 Kippeny, T., 208 Kishk, Ahmed A., 47
I
Ila, D., 36, 37 Ilan, B., 77 Inoue, Yoshio, 87 Ippolito, John B., 213 Isidori, Alberto, 175 Isobe, Syuzo, 98 Itoh, T., 204 Itoh, Tatsuo, 63 Ivanda, M., 207 Izatt, Reed M., 25
J
Jablunovsky, Gregory, 44 Jackson, Darrell, 189, 209 Jackson, Darrell R., 186, 187, 188 Jackson, Peter K., 144 Jahan, M. S., 37 Jaime, M., 185 Jain, R., 78 Jalalzadeh-Azar, A. A., 41 Jarecke, Peter, 73 Jaros, J. A., 184 Jayalath, J. T. D., 5 Jech, J. B., 216 Jia, Yi-Qin, 118 Johal, M. S., 201 John, Bonnie E., 160 Johnson, A. D., 59 Johnson, C. K., 208 Johnson, Dan, 116
Kistler, Michael A., 95 Klasen, M., 192 Klein, Mark, 157 Kleponis, David S., 81 Kloeppel, P. K., 78 Knaus, Ulla G., 123 Knoblock, Craig A., 213 Knop, Mark, 82 Knuteson, R., 86 Knuteson, R. O., 72 Knuuttila, J. V., 190 Kobayashi, Hideki, 91 Kobayashi, Hirokazu, 91 Kobayashi, Takahisa, 13 Kodymova, Marmila, 78 Kolesnichenko, Yuri F., 67 Kondoh, Akihiko, 89 Konovalenko, Allexander, 222 Koritala, R., 56 Koskela, J., 190 Kotula, P. G., 31 Kotz, Robert B., 75 Kovach, C., 28 Krakowiak, Krzysztof E., 25 Krim, Jacqueline, 35 Krishnamoorthy, Lakshmanan V., 50 Kroeger, R. A., 64 Kruegar, M. K., 42 Krupp, Joseph, 44 Ku, Jentung, 66 Kubin, Ladislas P., 21 Kucherov, Yan, 62 Kulick, Jonathan, 93 Kumar, Arun, 95 Kumar, D., 209 Kumit, N. A., 202 Kushida, Keiji, 91 Kvaternik, Raymond G., 14 Kyeongjae, Cho, 21
L
Lach, John, 163 Lamm, George A., 172 Lang, J. C., 80 Lanser, D., 118 LaPorte, D. D., 72 LaPorte, Daniel D., 85 Larar, A. M., 86 Larar, Allen M., 98 Larochelle, S., 183 Larson, B. C., 32 LaSorsa, Kathryn C., 131 Latiff, Robert, 7
PA4
Lau, William K. M., 117 Lau, Yun-Fai C., 121 Lawphongpanich, Siriphong, 161 Leach, M. J., 102 Leaskey, L., 65 Ledford, J., 195 Lee, A. C., 95 Lee, H. K., 22 Lee, S. L., 19 Lee, W. M., 193 Lehrer, Henry R., 154 Leigh, John S., 197 Lelovic, M., 56 LeMoigne, Jacqueline, 92 Leonhardt, D., 203 Lett, John T., 95 Letzring, S. A., 202 Leung, Shuk-Kwan S., 41 Levinson, R., 41 Lewis, Grace Alexandra, 160 LHeureux, Jacques, 70 Li, D., 201 Li, Guilong, 117 Li, J., 86 Li, Jian-Jun, 176 Li, N. Y., 65 Li, Xiaofan, 116 Li, Yong, 88 Li, Z., 182 Liao, Lushalan, 73 Libby, Jeffrey A., 11 Libersky, L. D., 70 Limp-Foster, Melissa, 127 Lin, Chen-Yung, 41 Lin, Huann-Shyang, 41 Lin, J. S., 207 Lin, M., 36 Lin, Sue-Hwa, 147 Linn, M. A., 211 Little, R. C., 198 Litz, M., 53 Liu, Antony K., 119 Liu, Chuchang, 170 Liu, Huimin, 191 Liu, Qi-Jing, 89 Liu, Yu-Jie, 90 Liu, Zhi-Quan, 74 LoCelso, F., 207 Loftus, Peter J., 27 Logan, Charles J., 48 Londono, J. D., 20 Lords, G. S., 82 Lowman, Paul D., Jr., 15 Lowrie, R. B., 178 Lucey, Paul G., 90
Lucido, G., 207 Ludovisi, Giancarlo, 90 Luke, P. N., 64 Lula, J. W., 37 Lunden, M., 99 Luo, Li-Shi, 2 Luqi, 167 Luqi,, 165 Ly, Tung T., 50 Lyke, James C., 59 Lyons, Anthony, 189
M
Ma, K. P., 204 Maan, Simon, 82 MacGill, R. A., 192 Magness, Lee, 31 Mahoney, J. F., 64 Makkonen, T., 190 Mancini, D., 200 Mandak, Wayne S., 164 Mandelkern, L., 20 Manfredi, James, 137 Mangione-Smith, William H., 163 Manning, Melissa L., 67 Mantis, Spiros D., 49 Marcus, Charles M., 205 Marino, Alessandra, 90 Mark, J. E., 33 Markin, George J., 202 Marley, N. A., 96, 98 Marmorstein, Ronen, 132 Marrese, C. M., 63 Marshak, Alexander, 115 Marshall, S. L., 20 Marshall, W. J., 198 Martens, Christopher S., 120 Martin, J. W., 105 Martin, Patricia L., 73 Martinez, A. M., 103 Marz, Ted, 169 Maschhoff, Kevin, 103 Masek, Jeffrey G., 92 Maser, J., 80 Massey, Steven J., 3 Masters, K., 55 Matson, D. W., 19 Matsunaga, Tsuneo, 72, 91 Matsushima, Dai, 92 Matsushita, Hiromichi, 104 Matsuyama, Hisayoshi, 23 Matters, Gail L., 136 Mattson, Marifran, 6 Mazevet, S., 196
McAdoo, James A., 73 McCandless, B. C., 182 McCarthy, Anna, 157 McCreery, R. L., 18 McDaniel, Randall J., 140 McElroy, Randy R., 71 McGovney, G. N., 206 McKee, Larry, 177 McKinney, G. W., 195 McPherson, Michael R., 7 McQueeney, R. J., 207 McSpadden, S. B., 42 McTaggart, K. E., 119 Meade, R. A., 199 Mehrotra, P., 54 Mehta, Rajeshwari R., 143 Mei, Ren-Wei, 2 Melliar-Smith, P. M., 159 Mercurio, Arthur M., 128 Meyer, Hubert W., Jr., 81 Meyers, B. C., 169 Michalak, F., 202 Michaud, Steven R., 191 Michl, J., 194 Mickle, Robin, 39 Miera, D. A., 204 Miles, Mark W., 55 Miles, Richard B., 67, 203 Miller, David E., 9 Miller, David J., 174 Miller, Kenneth, 6 Miller, R. H., 181 Mingay, D. J., 45 Mish, W. H., 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115 Mitchell, B. G., 200 Mitchell, J. B., 27 Mitchell, T. E., 31 Mitter, Sanjoy K., 51 Moccaldi, Antonio, 90 Modera, M., 41 Modine, M. A., 195 Molina, Mario J., 105 Moloney, J. V., 199 Monier, C., 65 Monroe, S., 64 Monteiro, O. R., 203 Moore, Phillip J., 154 Moore, Timothy, 119 Moran, M. Susan, 87 Morel, J. E., 178 Morelli, Louis, 6 Moreno, Ian P., 29 Morgan, Garth, 44 Morgenstern, H. A., 64
PA5
Morita, D. K., 28 Moser, L. E., 159 Mount, David M., 92 Mourant, J. R., 201 Movshovich, R., 185 Mukerjee, Joyanto, 85 Munson, John, 79 Muntele, C. I., 36 Muntele, I. C., 36 Muramatsu, Kanako, 89, 97 Muza, Stephen R., 153 Myers, W. L., 196
Ott, K. C., 28 Ourke, L. J., 42 Overbeek, R., 217 Ozols, Maris, 170
P
Pace, Dale, 214 Pagano, Thomas S., 75 Page, Anthony, 4 Pal, D., 206 Palermo, William J., 17 Palmer, D. A., 20, 32 Palo, Scott E., 118 Pandy, R. B., 66 Papapolymerou, Ioannis, 60 Paris, J. P., 88 Parkinson, Claire L., 120 Parks, Griffith D., 139 Parsons, D. K., 198 Pasion, Leonard R., 76 Pasqualini, Renata, 150 Pasternack, Gary R., 126 Patankar, Manoj S., 211 Patel, Rakesh, 53 Patterson, James H., Jr., 152, 178 Patterson, P. P., 100 Pearlman, Jay, 73 Peetrov, Y., 207 Pegion, Philip J., 95 Pehrsson, Pehr, 178 Peletier, M. A., 106 Pelham, Daniel, 73 Pennycook, S. J., 208, 209 Penuelus, Josep, 87 Perkins, Daniel A., 58 Perry, Chris E., 153 Perry, Eileen M., 88 Pertzborn, N. F., 102 Pesnell, W. D., 222 Peto, Richard, 151 Petriello, F. J., 181 Petrin, Donald A., 6 Petrov, S., 215 Petrovic, J., 207 Petschek, A. G., 70 Phlips, B. F., 64 Pierce, Harold, 116 Pilat, J. F., 217 Pilon, Shari, 130 Pitcher, Sadie I., 213 Pitha-Rowe, Paula Marie, 135 Pitthan, R., 182 Pizar, Ellen S., 132 Place, Patrick R.H., 160
N
Nagler, S. E., 210 Namburu, Raju, 165 Necker, C. T., 31 Neil, G. R., 78 Nelson, Peter S., 148 Netanyahu, Nathan S., 92 Neuhauser, E., 94 Newell, Reginald E., 104 Newman, Paul A., 96 Newton, Elaine M., 173 Nimmo, J. R., 82 Nishikawa, Robert M., 144 Nolas, G. S., 206 Nomura, T., 1 Noordmans, J., 157 Nouevllon, Yann, 87 Novacek, Paul F., 7 Nunokawa, Satoru, 23 Nyberg, S., 76 Nygaerds, J., 76
Plakosh, Daniel, 160 Plessky, V. P., 190 Pletcher, R. H., 65 Poker, D. B., 37 Pollmann, J., 80 Popper, Steven W., 210 Potkonjak, Miodrag, 163 Power, J. F., 195 Prekop, Paul, 157 Press, Michael F., 145 Prestridge, K. P., 69 Prinzo, O. V., 43 Pritchard, Michele, 149 Provatas, Arthur, 38 Pruess, K., 93 Pruvost, N. L., 199 Pu, Guo-Liang, 88 Pu, Zhao-Xia, 118 Pugh, Randolph G., 163 Pui, C., 83 Puschell, Jeffery J., 73, 74
Q
Qian, Y., 204 Qiang, J., 196 Qiu, Kang-Mu, 74
R
Ranchin, T., 88 Randles, P. W., 70 Ranzau, C. E., 83 Rauscher, Christen, 53 Rauscher, Frank K., 142 Ravelo, R. M., 98 Reass, W. A., 204 Reddy, Premkumer, 123 Reeves, John, 177 Rehm, K. E., 197 Reimer, P. E., 191 Reimers, Clare E., 92 Reinhardt, F. W., 94 Reinhold, C. O., 196 Revercomb, H. E., 72, 86 Revercomb, Henry E., 85 Reyhan, Gokhan L., 11 Reynolds, A. B., 44 Reynolds, S., 99 Rhodes, Audry G., 9 Rich, Alexander, 122 Richardson, Aaron W., 156 Richardson, Michael, 209 Richardson, Michael D., 186, 187
O
O, 188 Ocuna, M. H., 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115 Oettinger, Ayelet, 45 Ogilvie, K. W., 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115 OHara, J. F., 195 Ohtake, Makiko, 72 Okada, H., 82 Oks, E. M., 203 Okuda, Toshinori, 97 Oldenburg, Douglas W., 76 Olds, John, 220 Olson, William, 118 Ono, Akiko, 88, 89 Osborne, B., 86 Osmun, Richard O., 213
PA6
Richardson, Michael E., 188, 189 Richardson, Mike, 186, 187 Richardson, Paul, 54 Richardson, T., 202 Rizzo, T. G., 182 Roberts, Dar A., 88 RObertson, Robert E., 81 Robinson, J. M., 201 Robinson, R. C., 72 Robison, T. W., 36 Rodrigues, M. G., 37 Roelle, Paul A., 105 Roesler, S., 184, 223 Rokni, Masoud, 66 Roman, Joseph, 8 Roman, Kenneth M., 54 Rong, Zhi-Guo, 74 Rosen, Jeffrey, 131 Rosenthal, S. J., 208 Ross, Timothy D., 75 Rossi, Marcia J., 154 Rossow, W. B., 117 Rossow, William B., 45 Rotach, M. W., 69 Rothschild, Kenneth J., 151 Rubenson, David, 173 Rubin, J. B., 103 Rubin, M., 202 Ruggieri, M., 100 Rusk, David, 179 Ryne, R. D., 196
S
Sakamoto, Jeffrey S., 61 Salomaa, M. M., 190 Sampson, James B., 179 Sand, J. R., 41 Sanders, John G., 76 Sanders, T., 83 Sandoval, J. D., 216 Santangelo, Thomas, 4 Sap, Jan M., 142 Saric, William S., 1 Sarlese, Justin A., 157 Sarrao, J. L., 185 Sato, Toshiyuki, 104 Sauer, L. D., 168 Sauer, N. N., 36 Savage, Paul B., 25 Savage, S. J., 30 Sawyers, Charles, 143 Schaffler, Mitchell B., 152 Schneider, Daniel, 78
Schneider, Edward, 171 Schneider, J. D., 194 Schneider, James, 212 Schobert, H., 38 Schoenfeld, Alan R., 147 Schubert, Siegfried, 95 Schultz, M., 20 Schumacher, Paul D., III, 121 Scott, N. A., 117 Seacord, Robert C., 160 Seaver, Mark, 129 Seeholzer, Steven, 136 Sekiguchi, Shoji, 106 Self, Robert F., 187 Seliger, M., 196 Selinger, Robin L., 21 Selvamanickam, V., 56, 207 Sexton, Neil G., 25 Shafhid, Igor, 127 Shah, M. M., 39 Shakofsky, S. M., 82 Sharf, A., 207 Shatz, Sol M., 163 Shaver, David C., 209 Shaw, Harry, 79 Shen, Samuel S. P., 117 Shepherd, J. Marshall, 116 Sherman, Jeffrey T., 200 Sherman, M., 42 Shettigara, V. K., 71 Shiao, His-Chi, 41 Shie, Chung-Lin, 116 Shiflet, G. J., 32 Shin, Joon, 47 Shirane, G., 207 Shively, John E., 139 Shultz, Thomas E., 57 Shumate, James R., 15 Shyy, Wei, 2 Siegel, J., 42 Sievers, Robert K., 27 Silberglitt, Richard, 212 Simon, Donald L., 13 Simon, H., 169 Simonson, J. M., 20 Simpson, Joanne, 116, 118 Simunovic, S., 22 Singer, B., 99 Singh, M., 100 Singh, P. R., 54 Sixta, M., 35 Skiena, Steven S., 160 Skoglund, P., 30 Skutt, Tim, 166 Slack, G. A., 206
Slater, C. O., 198 Slingerland, Joyce, 149 Smid, Miles, 168 Smilowitz, L. B., 201 Smirl, Arthur L., 52 Smith, David, 145 Smith, Jerald L., 214 Smith, Michael, 62 Smith, Patrick J., 14 Smith, W. L., 72, 86 Smith, William L., 85, 98 Smoot, J. E., 37 Snyder, Paul G., 24 Sofield, C. D., 26 Soldatenkov, Viatcheslav A., 133 Solomon, Russell, 219 Song, C., 38 Sonkusale, S., 54 Sonna, Larry A., 153 Sood, A., 198 Southan, Glenn, 44 Soyez, G., 205 Speckling, Doug, 9 Spinos, F. R., 194 Srajer, G., 80 Srivastava, R. C., 46 Sromovsky, Lawrence A., 85 St John, Richard, 176 Stallings, Brad L., 62 Stankus, P. W., 193 Steel, Duncan G., 192 Stehling, F. C., 20 Steinberg, Marc, 4 Stephens, R., 195 Stephenson, Jeffrey L., 12 Stettler, M., 195 Stewart, D. S., 25 Stewart, G., 185 Stoecklein, K. E., 39 Stokes, Alan F., 7 Stoleru, G., 206 Stoneburner, Gary, 173 Stowell, Charles A., II, 164 Strom, Sara S., 147 Strow, Larrabee, 75 Strutz, Shane J., 199 Stuhmiller, James H., 125, 152, 178 Stuhmiller, Louise M., 125 Stupakov, G., 184 Suarez, Max J., 95, 116 Sui, Chung-Hsiung, 116 Summers, Pat, 9 Sun, H., 33 Suri, Manil, 175 Surko, Clifford M., 23
PA7
Sutterfield, Lee, 171 Sutton, Jeffrey P., 172 Swift, G. W., 42 Switzer, Gregg, 78
Tuan, Hsiao-Lin, 41 Tumer, Kagan, 156 Turgut, Altan, 119 Turner, W. C., 192 Turnick, Arnold, 104 Twum, Maxwell, 138
T
Tajiri, G., 200 Takamura, Tamio, 89 Takeuchi, Nobuo, 89 Taleyarkhan, R. P., 193 Talreja, Ramesh, 22 Tamura, Masayuki, 97 Tan, Choon S., 55 Tan, S. C., 33 Tannous, C., 196 Tao, Wei-Kuo, 116, 118 Tarbutton, T. J., 64 Tarry, Scott E., 6 Tateishi, Ryutaro, 89 Taylor, Christopher L., 153 Taylor, James C., 211 Telfer, Ross A., 154 Tepera, Stacey B., 131 Tesny, N., 53 Thom, J., 86 Thoma, D. J., 31 Thomas, Crystal S., 19 Thomas, D. E., 37 Thomas, Duncan, 144 Thomas, Michael A., 18, 57 Thompson, K. A., 180, 183 Thompson, L. J., 205 Thorsos, Eric, 209 Tian, Lin, 46 Tiegs, T. N., 65 Tippur, Hareesh V., 22 Tischler, J. Z., 32 Tiwari, Raj, 141 Tobin, D., 86 Tobin, D. C., 72 Tokesi, K., 196 Tomashefsky, Steve, 9 Tonejc, A. M., 207 Tong, Qing-Xi, 87 Toole, Bryan P., 128 Towe, E., 206 Tracz, G., 198 Tressler, John D., 213 Triolo, A., 207 Triolo, F., 207 Troiano, Edward, 29 Tsynkov, S., 77 Tsynkov, S. V., 175
U
Ulvklo, M., 76 Underwood, John H., 29 Upsadhya, Kameleshwar, 22 Uribe, F., 64
V
Valentine, T. E., 176 van der Houwen, P. J., 177 Van Hagan, T. H., 194 van Rhee, T., 193 van Seeters, Jos, 78 Varnai, Tamas, 115 Vella, J. B., 36 Venkataramani, Ravichandran N., 132 Venkateswaran, A., 54 Vermer, J. G., 102, 118 Vethiraj, M., 207 Veul, R., 2 Vieira, D., 195 Vien, G. N., 196 Vigilante, G. N., 29 Vincenz, Claudius, 134 Vineyard, E. A., 41 Vixie, K., 52 Vizir, A., 192 Vlahos, Michael, 214 Vo, N., 56 Vodicka, Roger, 34 Vojtek, Anne B., 124 Von Dreele, B., 32 vonClarmann, Thomas, 86 vonRottkay, K., 202 Vorobieff, P., 69 Vroblesky, D. A., 84
W
Wagner, Caroline S., 210 Waithe, Kenrich A., 3 Walker, G. C., 24 Walker, Gilbert C., 34 Walker, I., 42 Walton, S. G., 203 Wang, Joseph, 130
Wang, Li-Bo, 90 Wang, M., 100 Wang, Y., 29 Wang, Yong-Kuan, 74 Wang, Zhi-Guang, 129 Wanhill, R. J., 31 Warren, Lewis, 44 Was, G. S., 29 Washington, Julius C., 170 Watkins, Carl W. L., 189 Watkins, J. G., 36 Way, David, 220 Webb, Katharine W., 173 Wegener, Michael, 159 Wei, Wei-Zen, 130 Weier, Heinz-Ulrich G., 133 Weiner, Louis M., 139 Weisskopf, Mike, 169 Wennersten, Miriam Dvorak, 8 Wesolowski, D. J., 32 Westerkamp, Lori A., 75 Wettergren, Thomas A., 58 Wey, C. C., 83 White, A. P., 195 White, C. W., 207 White, Nicholas E., 219 Whitefield, P., 83 Wilkens, R. H., 186 Williams, E. K., 36 Williams, Gerald R., 95 Williams, K. J., 199 Williams, Kevin, 187, 189, 209 Williams, Kevin L., 188 Wilson, Ed, 15 Wilson, Mark, 213 Windover, D., 19 Winstead, E. L., 83 Winter, Edwin M., 90 Winter, Michael E., 90 Wojahn, Oliver W., 218 Wolinsky, M., 52 Wolpert, David, 156 Wong, C. Y., 203 Wong, R. K., 205 Woo, Jeanette, 73 Wood, S. A., 32 Wood, W. T., 186 Wood, Warren, 187 Wood, Warren T., 66 Woodley, M. D., 201 Woodley, R. R., 12 Woodward, John D., Jr, 155 Woodward, John D., Jr., 173 Woody, D. W., 41 Woolf, Harold M., 74
PA8
Worley, P. H., 51 Wright, Larry, 212 Wright, T. R., 180 Wu, K., 169 Wukitch, Matthew J., 61 Wunderlich, B., 38 Wurden, G. A., 204 Wyckoff, J. J., 79
Zimmerman, R. L., 37 Zwally, H. Jay, 120
X
Xiao, C., 32
Y
Yamamoto, K., 28, 69 Yan, Lan, 143 Yang, F. R., 204 Yang, Jian-Feng, 75 Yang, Wu-Nian, 88 Yasuoka, Yoshifumi, 85, 97 Yeager, William T., Jr., 14 Yip, Cecil C., 129 Yoon, M., 32 Yoou, S. C., 42 Yoruk, Teoman, 162 Yost, D. M., 39 Yost, Douglas M., 40 Young, G. R., 193 Young, John P., 6 Yu, Da-Zhi, 2 Yuan, Wan-Ping, 90 Yuchnovicz, Daniel E., 7
Z
Zadravec, Dusan, 78 Zakowski, Sandra G., 138 Zakrzwski, Charles M., 18 Zhang, Bing, 87 Zhang, Guang-Shun, 74 Zhang, Lan-Feng, 87 Zhang, Li-Jun, 74 Zhang, Ming, 137 Zhang, Shuguang, 122 Zhang, Xia, 87 Zhang, Yu-Xiang, 74 Zhao, Bao-Chang, 75 Zhao, Yong-Chao, 87 Zhao, Yun-He, 119 Zhou, D. K., 86 Zhou, Daniel K., 98 Zhu, Weihong, 16 Zhu, Xun-Bing, 74
PA9

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Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports

Volume 39 November 16, 2001

The NASA STI Program Office . . . in Profile

SCAN Goes Electronic!

Table of Contents Subject Divisions

A. Aeronautics B. Astronautics C. Chemistry and Materials D. Engineering E. Geosciences F. Life Sciences

H. Physics I. Social and Information Sciences J. Space Sciences K. General

G. Mathematical and Computer Sciences

Subject Term Index Personal Author Index

Subject Categories of the Division A. Aeronautics

Air Transportation and Safety

Aircraft Communications and Navigation

Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance

Aircraft Propulsion and Power

Research and Support Facilities (Air)

Subject Categories of the Division B. Astronautics

Ground Support Systems and Facilities (Space)

Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance

Spacecraft Propulsion and Power

Subject Categories of the Division C. Chemistry and Materials

Chemistry and Materials (General)

Composite Materials Inorganic, Organic, and Physical Chemistry

Metals and Metallic Materials

Propellants and Fuels

Subject Categories of the Division D. Engineering

Communications and Radar

Electronics and Electrical Engineering

Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics

Instrumentation and Photography

Lasers and Masers

Quality Assurance and Reliability

Subject Categories of the Division E. Geosciences

Earth Resources and Remote Sensing

Energy Production and Conversion

Meteorology and Climatology

Subject Categories of the Division F. Life Sciences

Life Sciences (General)

Man/System Technology and Life Support

Subject Categories of the Division G. Mathematical and Computer Sciences

Mathematical and Computer Sciences (General)

Computer Operations and Hardware

Computer Programming and Software

Cybernetics, Artificial Intelligence and Robotics

Statistics and Probability

Systems Analysis and Operations Research

Subject Categories of the Division H. Physics

Atomic and Molecular Physics

Optics Plasma Physics

Physics of Elementary Particles and Fields

Subject Categories of the Division I. Social and Information Sciences

Administration and Management

Documentation and Information Science

Economics and Cost Analysis

Law, Political Science and Space Policy

Subject Categories of the Division J. Space Sciences

Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration

Document Availability Information

Eligibility and Registration for NASA STI Products and Services

NASA Patents and Patent Applications

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