Lab # 6 Evolution and Adaptations By: Ariel Rodriguez For this lab you will first need to complete

the lab activity in class. 1. Explain adaptive radiation and how the different paper forms made by the finches helped or hurt that particular finch species. As indicated by the diagram above, the finches adapted to take advantage of the various food sources available on the island, which were being used by other species. Over the long term, the original finch species may have disappeared, but by diversifying, would stand a better chance of survival. All in all, the finches had adapted to their environment via natural selection, which in turn, has allowed the species to survive in the longer term, the prime directive of any species. Available from: Biology Online. Adaptive Radiation http://www.biologyonline.org/2/15_adaptive_radiation.htm 2. Fill out the following table with your groups data at the end of the natural selection experiment The number of prey species (candy types) for each generation Table 1: Generation 1 2 3 4 5 Number of Twix 4 4 0 0 0 Table 2: Generation 1 2 3 4 5 % of Twix 25% 33.33% 0% 0% 0% Number of Milkyway 4 2 1 0 1 Number of Musketers 4 3 1 0 0 Number of MW. Midnight 4 3 0 1 0 Total number of survivors 16 12 2 1 1

The percentage of surviving prey (candy type) for each generation % of Milkyway 25% 16.66% 50% 0% 100% % of Musketers 25% 25% 50% 0% 0% % of MW. Midnight 25% 25% 0% 100% 0% 100%

3. With the prey survival data you collect, graph survivorship over time for each species. There will be one graph for each candy type. Make sure you give your graphs titles and label units and axes.

Survivorship Over Time for each Species

100% 100%

100% 90% Percentage Surviving Prey 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 1 2 3 Generations 4 5
25% 25% 25% 25% 33.33% 25% 25% 16.66% 50%50%

Twix Milkyway Musketers MW. Midnight

0%

0%

0% 0% 0%

0%

0% 0%

4.

Explain how behavioral adaptations may lead to genetic changes in a population Organisms face a succession of environmental challenges as they grow and develop and are equipped with an adaptive plasticity as the phenotype of traits develop in response to the imposed conditions. Adaptations contribute to the fitness and survival of individuals. Available from: Wikipedia. Adaptation wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptation

Now that you know that adaptations can lead to natural selection and evolution over time, now you can go find evidence of this in nature. For this part of the lab you will need to be outside. Bring your camera or a sketch book to draw or photograph (you can also use images from the internet) to find one instance of each of the following: 1. A species that has a behavioral adaptation that may allow its predator not to be able to eat it or find it. Explain what this BEHAVIORAL adaptation is.

Chameleon changes camouflage when it feels threaten by the environment specially predators. They hide very well on anything in the forest with just changing their skin color.

Figure 1 From Wikipedia.com

2. A species that has a physical adaptation that allows it to survive in cold weather.

Figure 2 by Ariel Rodriguez

3. A species that has a physical adaptation that allows it to survive from its predators.

Figure 3 by Ariel Rodriguez

4. An example of mutualism in nature. Explain what mutualism is in this case.

Figure 4 by Ariel Rodriguez

Lichen is an association between fungus and algae, fungus provides shelter and an alga provides the food. 5. An example of commensalism in nature. Explain how your picture represents commensalism.

Figure 5Available from: www.mundocuriososencillo.com

The Remora eats the sharks dirty, and fungus but they do not harm the shark, and the shark do not eat them. 6. An example of mimicry in nature. Explain what the mimicry is in this case.

Figure 6 The National Geographic 2006

These are the wings of a South African speckled emperor moth. It looks like that because it fools predators, telling them do not eat me!!! 7. One species from your country (plant animal insect etc.) that has an adaptation that lets it survive in your country. Explain.

Figure 7. White Bat in Honduras

This is the White Bat in Honduras it lives under the Helconia leaves, which have long side veins which extend outwards from the center. The bats cut these veins which cause the leaves to fold down and inwards, giving the bats a tent in which to roost. As the sunlight streams through these outsized leaves, the white fur takes on a greenish tinge and the bats are, hopefully, hidden from any predators Posted by RJ Evans at 02:34