John Kollasch Product Manager Evapco

All Rights Reserved Copyright 2001 by Evapco

Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration

Disclaimer
THIS INFORMATION WAS PRESENTED AT AN ASHRAE SEMINAR HELD IN ATLANTA, GA. THE SEMINAR FORMAT IS TO PRESENT INFORMATION OF CURRENT INTEREST AND TO PROVIDE A VENUE FOR INTERACTION BETWEEN ASHRAE MEMBERS. THESE SEMINARS SHOULD NOT BE CONSIDERED PEER-REVIEWED (OR THE FINAL WORD ON ANY SUBJECT). ASHRAE HAS NOT INVESTIGATED, AND ASHRAE EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY DUTY TO INVESTIGATE ANY PRODUCT, SERVICE, PROCESS, PROCEDURE, DESIGN, OR THE LIKE WHICH MAY BE DESCRIBED HEREIN. THE APPEARANCE OF ANY TECHNICAL DATA OR EDITORIAL MATERIAL IN THIS PRESENTATION DOES NOT CONSTITUTE ENDORSEMENT, WARRANTY, OR GUARANTY BY ASHRAE OF ANY PRODUCT, SERVICE, PROCESS, PROCEDURE, DESIGN, OR THE LIKE. NEITHER ASHRAE, THE AUTHORS OR THEIR EMPLOYERS WARRANT THAT THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION IS FREE OF ERRORS. THE ENTIRE RISK OF THE USE OF ANY INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION IS ASSUMED BY THE USER. BEFORE MAKING ANY DECISION OR TAKING ANY ACTION ON THIS SUBJECT, YOU SHOULD CONSULT A QUALIFIED PROFESSIONAL ADVISOR.

Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration

REFRIGERATION RECIRCULATOR AND VESSEL DESIGN

CONDENSER HIGH STAGE COMPRESSOR THERMOSYPHON RECEIVER VERTICAL INTERCOOLER

HIGH PRESSURE RECEIVER OIL COOLER EVAPORATORS VERTICAL LOW PRESSURE RECEIVER BOOSTER COMPRESSOR

Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration

Thermosyphon Receiver
VENT TO CONDENSER INLET DUAL RELIEF GAS RETURN FROM OIL COOLERS

LIQUID INLET FROM CONDENSERS

LIQUID OVERFLOW TO MAIN H.P. RECEIVER

LIQUID TO OIL COOLERS

Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration

Thermosyphon Receiver
Provide Liquid Supply to Gravity Feed Oil

Coolers

Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration

Thermosyphon Receiver
Volume Separation Line Sizing Configuration

Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration

Thermosyphon Receiver
Volume Required = 5 Minute Liquid Supply

Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration

Thermosyphon Receiver
Liquid/Vapor Separation

Size vessel for 1/2 full of liquid to provide adequate separation space

Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration

Thermosyphon Receiver
Horizontal or Vertical within Height and

Space Limitations

Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration

High Pressure Receiver

Holds Total System Charge Accept Changes in Liquid Volume Caused

by Fluctuations in Plant Load

Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration

High Pressure Receiver - Design

Volume Proper Feed Configuration

Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration

High Pressure Receiver

Volume - Total System Charge

Evaporator Coils Condensers Suction & Liquid Lines Vessels Normal Operating Charge Volume - To Accept Operating Swings Rule of thumb - 1/3ft3/TR

Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration

Intercooler - Coil Type

LIQUID IN TO SUBCOOLING COIL DUAL RELIEF SUBCOOLED LIQUID TO CPR

BOOSTER DISCHARGE GAS INLET

SUCTION OUT TO HIGH STAGE COMPRESSORS HIGH LEVEL SHUTDOWN

LIQUID INLET FROM HPR

HIGH LEVEL ALARM

CONTROL LEVEL

VENT

OIL DRAIN

OIL POT OIL OUT

Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration

Intercooler - Coil Type

Precool Liquid to Low Temperature Side Desuperheat Booster Discharge Gas Oil Removal

Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration

Intercooler - Coil Type - Design

Liquid/Vapor Separation Mixing of Discharge Gas and Liquid Quiet Area for Oil Removal Pipe Coil to Precool Liquid Line Sizing

Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration

Intercooler - Coil Type

Liquid/Vapor Separation

Separating Velocity vs Temperature

250 200 150 FPM 100 50 0 -40 F -20 F 0F 20 F Suction Temperature Sep. Vel.

Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration

Intercooler - Coil Type

Separating Distance

Minimum = 48 from maximum liquid level to suction outlet

Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration

Intercooler - Coil Type

Mixing of Discharge Gas and Liquid Quiet Area for Oil Removal

Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration

Intercooler - Flash Type Design

DUAL RELIEF

BOOSTER DISCHARGE GAS INLET

SUCTION OUT TO HIGH STAGE COMPRESSORS HIGH LEVEL SHUTDOWN

LIQUID INLET FROM HPR

HIGH LEVEL ALARM

CONTROL LEVEL LIQUID OUTLET TO LPR VENT

OIL DRAIN

OIL POT OIL OUT

Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration

Intercooler - Flash Type - Design

Advantages of Flashcooling

Improves Booster Efficiency by 2% 50% Lower Cost 40% Lower Operating Charge

Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration

Intercooler - Flash Type - Design

Disadvantages of Flashcooling

Flash Gas Formation in Liquid Line

Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration

Intercooler - Flash Type - Design

Flash Gas Formation with 3 psi loss
60 50 40 % Gas 30 20 10 0 95 F 60 F 20 F Saturated Liquid Temperature
Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration

% by Wgt % by Vol

Recirculator
DUAL RELIEF

RETURN FROM EVAPORATORS

SUCTION TO COMPRESSORS

HIGH LEVEL SHUTDOWN LIQUID FEED FROM INTERCOOLER HIGH LEVEL ALARM

CONTROL LEVEL LOW LEVEL ALARM

PUMPED LIQUID OUT TO EVAPORATORS

Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration

Recirculator
Provide Liquid to Evaporators Protect Compressors from Liquid Carryover Provide Volume for Liquid Surges Oil Removal

Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration

Recirculator - Design
Liquid/Vapor Separation Surge Volume Pumped Liquid Requirements Line Sizing

Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration

Recirculator
Liquid/Vapor Separation

Separating Velocity vs Temperature

200 180 160 140 120 FPM 100 80 60 40 20 0 -40 F -20 F 0F 20 F Suction Temperature

Sep. Vel.

Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration

Recirculator
Minimum Vertical Separating Distance = 18

Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration

Recirculator
Surge Volume

Defrost Volume Load Surges Evaporator Rundown

Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration

Recirculator
Surge Volume Calculation

Minimum surge volume = volume of evaporators defrosted at one time Rule of thumb = 1/3 ft3/TR x 1/3 in defrost = 1/8 ft3/TR

Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration

Recirculator
Surge Volume Calculation

Maximum surge volume = total volume of evaporators + suction line liquid volume. Rule of thumb = 1/3 ft3/TR + 15% of return line volume.

Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration

Recirculator

18 MINIMUM

18 MINIMUM HIGH LEVEL ALARM SURGE VOLUME LIQUID CONTROL LEVEL

Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration

Recirculator
Pump Differential Pressure Requirements

= Static Head + Liquid Line Friction + Expansion Valve + Coil Orifices + Suction Loss

Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration

Recirculator
Pump Selection

Flow Differential Pressure NPSH Required vs NPSH Available

Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration