International Journal of Review in Electronics & Communication Engineering (IJRECE) Volume 1 - Issue 2 June 2013

Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna for S-Band and C- Band Application

Abhishek Agrawal1, Himanshu Joshi2 M.Tech Student, Jagan Nath University, Jaipur, India 2 Asst.Professor Jagan Nath University, Jaipur, India 1 himanshu.joshi@jagannathuniversity.org, 2abhishek.agrawal.0904@gmail.com
1

Abstract In this paper, a rectangular Microstrip patch antenna with DGS has been analyzed and simulated for the wireless applications. Bandwidth is one of the most important parameter of the antenna design. Bandwidth can be increased by either inserting air gap or increasing the length of the patch. We present an alternative method for the increment of antenna Bandwidth by defected ground. The design is based on defected ground fractal design. Using this method, antenna Bandwidth is increased up to 44%. The proposed antenna has been simulated for 3.2 to 4.8 GHz. Frequency range. The antenna is simulated by the software IE3D. IE3D, high frequency structure simulator is employed to analyze the proposed antenna and simulated results on return loss, the E and H plane radiation pattern and polar plot gain is presented. The resultant antenna with Defected Ground Structure has improved in parameters performance. Keywords: DGS, Microstrip, IE3D, Rectangular Patch, Defected Ground.

components such as an antenna element, a feeding circuits, active devices or active circuits, integrally provided on a monolithic substrate, thus producing compact, low cost, multifunction antenna equipment. Microstrip patch antennas are probably the most widely used type of antennas today due to their advantages such as light weight, low volume, low cost, compatibility with integrated circuits and easy to install on the rigid surface[14]. However, Microstrip patch antennas inherently have narrow bandwidth and bandwidth enhancement is usually demanded for practical applications, so for extending the bandwidth many approaches have been utilized. In addition some applications of the Microstrip antenna in communication systems required smaller antenna size in order to meet the miniaturization requirements. So significant advances in the design of compact Microstrip antennas have been presented over the last years. Defected Ground Structure is one of the methods which is used for this purpose. The defect in a ground is one of the unique techniques to reduce the antenna size. So design the antenna with the defected ground structure, the antenna size is reduced for a particular frequency as compared to the antenna size without the defect in the ground[15]. DGS is realized by introducing a shape defected on a ground plane thus will disturb the shielded current distribution depending on the shape and dimension of the defect .The disturbance at the shielded current distribution will influence the input impedance and the current flow of the antenna. It can also control the excitation and electromagnetic waves propagating through the substrate layer. When we use microstrip patch antenna the problems which will occurs are high loss and surface waves in the substrate layer, as the losses will always occur in the radiation as the antenna is transmitting the signals .The losses that are due to the surface waves excitation will cause decrease in the antenna efficiency, gain and the bandwidth because when surface waves occur, it can extract total available power for radiation to space wave[15].

I.

INTRODUCTION

The IEEE Standard Definitions of Terms for Antenna defines the antenna or aerial as "a means for radiating and receiving radio waves". In other words, the antenna is a transitional structure between free space and guiding device. For wireless communication systems, the antenna is one of the most critical components[16]. A Microstrip patch antenna is a type of antenna that offers a low profile, i.e. thin and easy manufacturability, which provides a great advantage over traditional antennas. Patch antennas are planar antenna used in wireless links and other microwave applications. The Microstrip technique is a planar technique used to produce lines conveying signals and antennas coupling such lines and radiated waves. It uses conductive strips and/or patches formed on the top surface of a thin dielectric substrate separating them from a conductive layer on the bottom surface of the substrate and constituting a ground for the line or the antenna. A patch is typically wider than a strip and its shape and dimension are important features of the antenna. Microstrip antennas are particularly suitable for use as active antennas [10]. Active antenna is an antenna having all of the necessary

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Thus the Microstrip antenna without DGS, the bandwidth is narrow and the return loss is high. On the other hand, Microstrip antenna with DGS will provide higher operating bandwidth and less return loss. Therefore, the DGS can be integrated onto the ground plane of such antenna in order to improve its radiation, besides not requiring additional circuits are for implementation. In this paper, using the Microstrip patch antenna with Defected ground structure which is very suitable for the WiMax application. DGS is any defect etched in the ground plane of the Microstrip can give rise to increasing the effective capacitance and inductance. DGS have the characteristics of stop band slow wave effect and high impedance. Different DGS structures are used Each DGS has its own characteristics. DGS is basically used in Microstrip antenna design for different applications such as antenna size reduction, cross polarization reduction, mutual coupling reduction in antenna arrays, harmonic suppression etc. DGS are widely used in microwave devices to make the system compact and effective. Therefore, in this paper we design a Microstrip fractal patch antenna with Defected Ground Structure. II.ANTENNA AND DESIGN SIMULATION The design of the proposed antenna is shown in figure the design of the proposed antenna is shown in figure (1)

0.56mm and feed line width is 1.83mm which results in a good match with 50. The design of proposed patch antenna with DGS is shown in the figure 2. We have used fractal design for the simulation of antenna for its use in multiple frequencies. For the fractal design we have slotted our rectangular patch.

Fig.2. Proposed driven patch for 0 and 1 iteration.

Fig. 1 Rectangular patch In this proposed antenna rectangular shaped patch is used and feeding which is used to patch antenna section to 50 transmission line. The most commonly used configuration for the patch antenna is rectangular. It is easy to analyze using both transmission line model and cavity model which are most accurate for thin substrates. A quarter transformer feeding is used to excite the antenna. This feeding is often used for matching purposes. The rectangular patch antenna dimension is 30mm33mm using the dielectric substrate having permittivity 4.4 and thickness is 1.59mm.The dimension of Microstrip line feed which is used for the rectangular patch antenna of the resonant frequency 3 GHz are length 9.5mm and width

Fig.3. Defected ground structure III.RESULTS The antenna performance with DGS has been investigated through simulation via a finite element program IE3D. IE3D is used to analyze the antenna with DGS.The simulation results of Microstrip rectangular patch antenna with DGS are shown in the figures 3.

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Abhishek Agrawal et al International Journal of Review in Electronics & Communication Engineering [Volume 1, Issue 2, June 2013]

Fig.4 S11 of antenna with DGS for 3.2 GHz The figure 4 shows the return loss of the antenna with DGS.The result shows return loss -10dB down for the wimax.The return loss graphs shows S-parameter versus frequency for which antenna is designed. The antenna which is designed shows return loss at 3.2GHz frequency. Figure7. Radiation pattern of antenna with DGS for 2.45 GHz

Fig.6. VSWR vs Frequency

Fig.7. Smith Chart Fig.5 Radiation pattern of antenna with DGS for 3.2 GHz

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IV. CONCLUSIONS This new patch antenna with Defected Ground Structure (DGS) demonstrate properties: improved returning loss, VSWR bandwidth, gain of the antenna as compared to the conventional antenna. These fundamental parameters are modeled with the equations and estimated with HFSS software and measured the result of the antenna designing with DGS with network analyzer. The effects of introducing DGS into the ground plane of the antenna have been successfully investigated. The antennas operate well at their corresponding frequencies of operations. Moreover, the radiating patch area is smaller as compared to the conventional antenna without DGS. This antenna design with DGS not only improve the parameters of the antenna without DGS but also can provide a smaller size of radiating patches, which will cause an overall reduction in antenna size.

REFERENCES
[1] D. M. Pozar, Microwave Engineering, New York, John Wiley & Sons, 2nd Ed. 1998. [2] Ramesh Garg, Prakash Bhartia, Inder Bahl, A pisak Ittiboon, Microstrip Antenna Design Handbook , Artech House 2001. [3] Constantine A. Balanis, Antenna Theory Analysis & Design,John Wiley & Sons, 1997. [4] Douglas H. Werner and Suman Ganguly, "An Overview of Fractal Antenna Engineering Research", IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, Vol 45, No 1, February 2003. [5] Carles Puente Baliarda, Jordi Romeu, Rafael Pous, Angel Cardama, "An Iterative Model fo Fractal Antennas: Application to the Sierpinski Gasket Antenna", IEEE transaction on Antennas and Propagation, Vol 48, No 5, 5 May 2000. [6] C. Borja, J. Romeu., "Multiband Sierpinski Fractal Patch Antenna" IEEE transaction on Antennas and Propagation, 2000. [7] Elder Eldervitch Carneiro de Oliveira, Antonio Luiz Pereira de Siqueira Campos , "Quasi-fractal Koch Triangular antenna", SBMO/IEEE MTTS International Microwave & Optoelectronics Conference (IMOC 2009). [8] Homayoon Oraizi , Shahram Hedayati., "Combined Fractal Geometries for the Design of Wide Band Microstrip Antennas with Circular Polarization" IEEE,2010. [9] C. Puente-Baliarda, J. Romeu, R. Pous, and A. Cardama, "On the behaviour of the Sierpinski multiband fractal antenna," IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagation, vol. 46, pp. 517524, Apr. 1998. [10] D. H. Werner, R. L. Haupt, and P. L. Werner, "Fractal antenna engineering: The theory and design of fractal antenna arrays," IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, vol. 41, pp. 37 59, Oct. 1999. [11] J. Romeu and J. Soler, "Generalized Sierpinski fractal multiband antenna," IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagation, vol. 49, pp. 1237- 1239,Aug. 2001. [12] S.H Zainud-Deen, K.H. Awadalla, S.A. Khamis, "Radiation and Scattering from Koch Fractal Antenna",2lSt National Radio Science Conference (NRSC2004) (NTI) March 16-18,2004.. [13] S. Sheik Mohammed, C.Renald ,"A 2.45GHz Sierpinski Carpet Edge- fed Microstrip Patch Fractal Antenna for WPT Rectenna", IEEE, 2010. [14] International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering (IJSCE) ISSN: 2231-2307, Volume-1, Issue-6, January 2012. [15] PIERS Proceedings, Beijing, China, March 23,27, 2009HuanCheng Lien1, Yung-Cheng Lee1, Wen-Fei Lee2, and HueiChiou Tsai2. [16] King Saud University College of Engineering Research Center Final Research Report No.426/37 Wide band Array Antenna for ISM Applications (around 2.45 GHz)

Parameters

Reference Patch Antenna

Fractal Antenna 3.47292 4.11898 4.46787 4.81933

Operating Frequency

3.00674

Maximum Reflection Coefficient(dB)

-17.4379

-14.3666 -24.7655 -16.0196 -9.99873

Band Width (%)

4%

43%

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