Lucrri tiinifice vol.

56/2013, seria Agronomie

PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS ON THE FLORA AND VEGETATION GRASSLANDS FROM RDCSEC PERIENI (VASLUI)
Lucian Ciprian MELUT1 Va!i"# V$NTU1 C%!&#" SAMUIL1 Du'i&ru NISTOR(
e-mail: lucian.melut@gmail.com

A)!&rac& The extent of investigation flora and phytocenologic undertaken so far allowed to cover almost all of the national territory and also initiate programs of many great scientific and economic. In this context, this paper presents some preliminary issues concerning the study of the vegetation in the hills Tutovei, specifically in the R !"#! $erieni, %aslui. The flora of this region is &uite rich 'ecause of the variation of the relief, altitude pedological su'strate, as well as climatic factors, which 'y their uniformity influne(ea)* and the distri'ution of species in space and time, grouping floral elements with different origin in a so small. Inventory species occurred during the growing season of +,-., #xhi'it a meadow west on eroded land, used 'y gra)ing on an altitude range 'etween ,--/,m. The determination was made on the itinerary floristic default to cover the whole varia'ility of physical and geographical conditions. 0or each species inventoried was analy)ed as 'iological, environmental and economic proposed 'y 1ovacs 2.3., -454. *#+ ,%r-!: vegetation, grassland, 'io-ecological and economic indicators

3lthough today much more important to the past, grasslands undergo experiments to develop improvement measures, as happens at the R !"#! $erieni. 6ost of these grasslands are located on land especially, the weakest and eroded shores, 'eeing a su'7ect for excessive gra)ing, their vegetation is highly degraded and low yields of 8-/ t ha -- green mass 9Ionel 3. +,,.:. 0or increasing the productivity of these grasslands is an urgent need to improve some MATERIAL AND METHOD
lora an! vegetation of t"e #$%&'% (erieni )as investigate! correlate! )it" environmental factors t"at influence !irectl* or in!irectl* on t"eir +"*siognom*. &+ecies inventor* "el! at t"e ,eginning of t"e gro)ing season of 2013, in -a*, on a mea!o) ero!e!, )it" altitu!es ,et)een 11. an! 150m. /"e !etermination )as ma!e on t"e itinerar*, +erforming a total of 10 rea!ings on area of 0,1 "a, covering t"e )"ole varia,ilit* of +"*sical an! geogra+"ical con!itions. or eac" s+ecies inventorie! in!icate! as ,iological, ecological an! economical +ro+ose! ,* 2ovacs 3.A., 1040, an! sc"emes )ere ma!e for eac" s+ectrum of forms.

measures 96elut ;.!., +,-+:. "ince the hills are relatively harsh climatic conditions Tutovei for her'aceous vegetation growth, action and conversion of grassland restoration, in order to raise their productivity, must first 'e documented and scientifically proven 'y studies <eo'otanic stationary on vegetation dynamics and structure 9$u=caru #v-"oroceanu., et al., -4>,:.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 0lora and vegetation of the R !"#! $erieni presents a considera'le wealth due landforms, altitude, pedological su'strate, and some climatic factors, which 'y their uniformity influences on the distri'ution of species in space and time, 'ringing together elements of different origin in floristic a frame so small 9Turenschi #., -4>>:. 0rom a climate perspective $erieni R !"#! territory 9figure 1: and its surroundings within the continental climate type with shades of excessively ?, characteri)ed 'y very cold winters and hot, dry summers 9figure 2:.

@niversity of 3gricultural "ciences and %eterinary 6edicine, Iai Research and evelopment !enter for "oil #rosion !ontrol, $erieni, %aslui 9R !"#!:

5niversitatea !e tiine Agricole 6i -e!icin 7eterinar 8a6i

igure 1. Geographical location RDCSEC Perieni, Vaslui

The essential characteristic of the climate is the small amount of rainfall around 8/, mm, 'elow the national average.

3ll these types of grassland - grassland exclusively - very eroded slopes dealing with numerous slides or mesh marls or clays loess hori)ons of which were completely eroded solified 9Aistor . et al., -44>: overgra)ing , ironing intensive a'sence of any maintenance measures have worsened the condition of pastures, often come at the lower productivity. In teriroriul investigated a relatively small area found a num'er of --/ species, of which the structure was dominated phytocoenoses usually Dichanthium ischaemum species. The floristic structure of grasslands dominated 'y yellow 'luestem, most species 954C: are categori)ed as DdifferentD, while grasses and legumes values totaling -8.//C and >.8/C. In terms of species a'undance and fre&uency of field grasses dominate 954C:, followed 'y several species 9-+C: and vegeta'les 94C:. It follows that the region is rich in grasses and legumes suita'le for 'reeding, 'ut the a'undance of species of other families, who often are harmful or toxic plant species, cause a low forage value of grasslands. Sp#c&ru' %. )i%"%/ica" .%r'! Ey a distri'ution of grassland species on 'iological forms there is a net dominance Femicryptophitesr occupying />.-C of the total 'ioforms and with <eophytes 94C: and !hamephytes 9+.8C: is the vegetation ensuring while the sustaina'ility of these 'ioforms sta'ility 9table 1: Therophyte high percentage, +8.-C of whom are weeds, occurs as a result of the action of antropo)oogens factors.
$a%le 1 Statistics o& %iological &orms

igure 2. Average monthly precipitation and temperature during 19 1!"#1" at RDCSEC Perieni

The R !"#! $erienni are soils with the potential for fertility. These are the preluvisols and alluvisols in class ;uvisols, $rotisols respectively. The area is occupied predominantly forested steppe grassland. In the forest there are only a few small areas occupied 'y Crysopogonetum grylli on gray forest soils. The loose sand is rare, Plantaginetum indication. 6ost are affected so advanced soil degradation and ruderalised processes affecting the floristic composition and structure of these grasslands 9A. $opa et al., +,,/:. 3'out B>C are worthless forage species, toxic or harmful and only -8C are good or feed medium, indicating an advanced stage of degradation 9!hifu T. et al., +,,>:. The widespread of regional associations is Taraxaco serrotinaeBotriochloetum ischaemi, poor nutritional value and productivity that after this, the fre&uency is Artemisio austriacae-Potum bulbosae, meadows at an advanced stage of degradation 9Aiac=u ;., +,,>:.

Ao. crt + . 8 / > 5 B

Eilogical forms emicryptophytes Therophytes !eophytes Chamaephytes "acrophanerophyte s #anophanerophytes ydrohelophytes $piphytes

"ym'. F Th < !h 6ph Aph FF #p

Ao. of species /> +8 4 + . + . -

C />,+8,4 +,8 .,8 +,+,B ,,-

Sp#c&ru' %. p0+&%/#%/rap0ic #"#'#n&! "pread across groups phytogeographic elements, --/ species are listed in ta'le +. #uropean and continental elements are the most grouping, represented ., species, ...BBC, of which the most important for the region are: %erratula tinctoria& ieracium echioides& $rysimum hieraciifolium, etc..

Lucrri tiinifice vol. 56/2013, seria Agronomie

>. on flooded soils H + species H -.5..

Ta'le +

S&a&i!&ic! %. p0+&%/#%/rap0ic .%r'!

<roups of components #uropean #urasian !ircumpolar !ontinental $hytogeographical elements #uropean #uropean central #urasian !ircumpolar !ontinental $ontic 6edditeraneenepontic 6editerranean Ealkan !osmopolite #ndemism 3dvent !antitatea de specii Ar C -, B,>4 4 5,B+ 8. > 4 > / 4 . B / + .5,8 /,+5,B+ /,+8,.8 5,B+ +,>, >,4/ >,.8 -,5. C pe grup* ->,/.5,8 /,+-5,.5 5,B+ +,>, >,4/ >,.8 -,5.

6editerranean Ealkan !osmopolite #ndemism 3dvent

Sp#c&ru' %. #c%n%'ica" #"#'#n&! "ome plant species are found potentially feed plants 5/.>/C are mediocre or poor forage value. This indicates that grasslands are of poor forage value, re&uiring the application of a set of measures for improvement. "pecies distri'ution 'y specific indicilui &uality value is: -. I"/ H excellent H . species H +.>,C +. I"8 H very good H B species H >.4/C .. I". H good H 4 species H 5.B+C 8. I"+ H medium H B species H >.4/C /. I"- H poor H 8- species H ./.>/C >. G H no value H 8> species H 8,.,C. If the --/ species identified within the investigated species are honey .C, while BC are species of medicinal and aromatic plants, and the remaining B4C are fodder plant species 9B-C: and grassland weeds 9weeds, woody plants, etc. - BC:. Turenschi #., -4>>, state that, in the flora of the Tutova Fills, .+, are comprised of a num'er of species, medicinal, in which .,C of the existing species with relatively high fre&uency 'ut with a relatively low dominance. 6ost of them are spread through meadows, forests and meadows in valleys and less 'y gra)ing or ruderal. In the study area we identified approx. BC medicinal plants 94 species: of which the most important are Achillea %etacea& Adonis 'ernalis& Althaea officinalis& !enista tinctoria& "elilotus officinalis& (aleriana officinalis) The studied region is characteri)ed 'y the lack of a 'eeJ species of clover, alfalfa, 'uckwheat, phacelia, sainfoin are the honey of grassland flora is not fre&uent.

Aoteworthy is the presence of species triticeum 3gropyron <aertn., Range is $onte 3lisma lanceolatum species of marsh species. In the region studied, we identified several rare species for the flora of Romania, such as: Agropyron triticeum& Alyssum hirsutum, Trigonella monspeliaca ;., Bupleurum apiculatum, Polygala sibirica, etc. Sp#ci#! -i!&ri)u&i%n a! '%i!&ur# an- !%i" '%i!&ur# r#/i'# The R !"#! $erieni 'eing crossed 'y many narrow valleys and high, more or less wet and covered largely 'y gra)ing creates conditions conducive to the development of mesophilic flora, especially in the northern part of the territory studied. Ey the fenomen of steppe in magnitude, due to human intervention, 'ut especially deforestation, elements xerophyte increasingly con&uering more land. "pecies distri'ution after preferences moisture regime is: -. Gerophyte H ., species H +>..C +. 6esophilic H 5B species H >B./C .. Fydrophilic H / species H ..BC 8. Fydrophilic H + species H -.8C. The distri'ution system of soil moisture and the ratio of the species is as follows: -. on very dry soils H B species H >.4/C +. on dry soils H .B species H ...,8C ..on the soil moderately moist, damp H .4 species H ...4-C. 8. on moist soils moist 9not dry: H -> species H -..4-C. /. on wet soils 9often nearesitie: H -+ species H -,.8.C

CONCLUSIONS In terms of territory 'elonging to the studied flora Tutova Fills, su'unit 6oldavian $lateau. The grasslands of the R !"#! $erieni identified a num'er of --/ species, all current 'otanical literature cited. In the spectrum of 'iological forms there is a net dominance Femicryptophites occupying />.-C of the total 'ioforms and with <eophytes 94C: and !hamephytes 9+.8C: is the vegetation while ensuring the sta'ility of the sustaina'ility of these 'ioforms. In terms of phytogeographic elements are the #uropean and !ontinental are grouped represented ., species, ...BBC, which the most important for the region are: %erratula

5niversitatea !e tiine Agricole 6i -e!icin 7eterinar 8a6i

tinctoria& ieracium echioides& $rysimum hieraciifolium, etc.. Aoteworthy is the presence of species Agropyron triticeum <aertn. K natives from pontic areaJ Alisma lanceolatum species of marsh. The most numerous species are evaluated according to their moisture mesophilic 95B species, >B./C:, followed 'y xerophytes 9., species, +>..C:. It is worth mentioning that Gerophyte species are the dominant land they occupy sloping strongly eroded 'y landslides, with poor vegetation cover which greatly reduces gra)ing area. $oor &uality grassland with low productivity, the dominant species 'eing Dichanthium ischaemum ;. Ro'erty. "ome plant species are found potentially feed plants worth 5/.>/C are mediocre or even poor and worthless fodder. This indicates that grasslands are of poor forage value, re&uiring the application of a set of measures for improvement.
AC'()*+EG,E($S

RE-ERE(CES
Chi&u $., ,/n0u C., 1am&irescu )ana, "##2. Flora i vegetaia Moldovei. '!itura 5niversitii 9Ale:an!ru 8oan %u;a<, 8ai. 3onel A., "##4. Cultura pajitilor i a plantelor furajere . '!itura A 02, 8ai. 'ov5cs 6.A., 1979. Indicatori biologici, ecologici i economici ai florei pajitilor. &taiunea %entral !e %ercetri +entru %ultura (a=itilor -gurele> ?raov. ,elu +. C., "#1". Measures to improve the meadow of Dichanthium ischaemum L.) obert!. #omanian 3ournal of @rasslan! an! orage %ro+s, %lu=> Aa+oca. (iac8u +., St/ng9 3. C., "##2. Le r"le des relations bio# p$dologi%ues dans l&$volution des pa!sages dans les Collines de 'utova, 'colog*B (ro,lems of a!a+tive>lan!sca+e agriculture. (rocee!ing of 88 8nternational scientific an! +ractical conference, 20>22 iunie 2006, 8vano> ranCivsC, 5craina. (istor D., 3onita 3., Pu:ina D., (istor Doina, 1992. Land degradation b! erosion and its control in omania. 'uroasian &*m+osium on %om,ating 'rosion an! $esertification, 4 10 -a*, /urcia. Popa (., (istor D., (astasa V., Purnavel Gh., -iliche E., Petrovici G., "##;. (ubbba)inul *hel+ag

This article was developed 'y the pro7ect no. -8+4,L-.-,.+,-+ funded 'y 6inistry of #ducation, Research, Innovation and "port from Romania, coordinated 'y the @niversity of 3gronomic "ciences and %eterinary 6edicine MIon Ionescu de la EradN, Iai.

din Colinele 'utovei, model de amenajare ,i e-ploatare antiero)ioan. a terenurilor agricole aflate /n proprietate privat.. 5.&.A.-.7. 8a6i, Lucrri tiinifice, &eria Agronomie, vol. .1.
Pucaru!Soroceanu Ev., urca 3., 192#. (uccesiunea vegetaiei pajitilor stepice din Dobrogea sub influena p.unatului. %omunicri !e ?otanic D1054>1050E. &ocietatea !e tiine Aaturale i @eografie !in #e+u,lica (o+ular #omFn, ?ucureti. $urenschi E., 1922. Flora i vegetaia din Colinele tutovei /e; !e !octorat, 8nstitutul Agronomic 98on 8onescu !e la ?ra!<, 8ai.