SLOPE ANALYSIS IN FLAT PLANE a.

INFINITE SLOPE Condition without seepage

Slip plane

Figure 2.1. Infinite s ope without seepage Infinite s ope !eans that s ope ength is "er# arge $o!pare to the depth %&'. Let( the width L( hen$e for$es on the two "erti$a # p ane are si!i ar. Steps deri"ing the fa$tor of safet# as fo ows ) *eight of soi a+$d
W = LH %1'

Width perpendicular the paper in 1 unit

*here W , weight of soi e e!ent a+$d %tones( -N' , unit weight of soi %T.!/' , soi width %!' , soi depth %!'

L H

W $an +e di"ided into

Na = WCos = LHCos
Ta = WSin = LHSin

%1.0' %1.1'

Nor!a stress and shear stress at A2 p ane per unit width )

=
Na = HCos 2 % L . Cos '%1' Ta = HCosSin % L . Cos'%1'

%1.3'
(1.8)

Na = WCos = LHCos

4ea$tion due to W is R that e5ua to W in opposite dire$tion. R $an +e di"ided into )

Nr = RCos = WCos = LHCos
Tr = RSin = WSin = LHSin

%1.6' %1.17'

Shear for$e at the A2 p ane in e5ui i+riu! is

d =
Tr = HCosSin % L . Cos'%1'

%1.11'

And $an +e e8pressed with

d = cd +tg d

%1.12'

If safet# fa$tor are su+9e$ted to a $o!ponents %i.e. fri$tion and $ohesion' in e5uation 1.12(
tgd = cd = c Fs tg Fs

%1.1/' %1.1:' %1.10'

cd = Cos 2 %tg tgd ' H

Su+stituting e5uation 1.1: to e5uation 1.10(

Fs = c tg + 2 HCos tg tg

%1.11'

The depth rea$hes $riti$a when Fs = 1( for soi with and c

Hc =

c Cos %tg tg'

2

%1.13'

For granu ar soi ( $ohesion , 7

Fs = tg tg

%1.1;'

Fro! e5uation 1.1;( it $an +e stated that infinite s ope on the granu ar soi ( as ong as < , the s ope in safe %sta+ e'( +e$ause Fs < 1. For soi with , 7( at $riti$a $ondition Fs , 1(
c = Cos 2 tg H

%1.27'

*here
c H

, sta+i it# nu!+er( that is para!eter whi$h $o!paring the $ohesion $o!ponent fro! shear resistan$e with H re5uired to -eep the sta+i it# Fs , 1

Fs c

, safet# fa$tor , $ohesion %T.!2' , fri$tion ang e %o' , ang e of s ope %o'

Problem: S ope has soi data as fo ows ) c , 13 -N.!2 , 21o

, 13.1 -N.!/

Condition without pore water pressure a) Let H , 6! and , 20o( $a $u ate safet# fa$tor fro! s ip fai ure b) Let , 23o( $a $u ate H !a8i!u! for Fs , 1 Solution) a'
Fs = c tg + 2 HCos tg tg

Fs =

13 tg 21 + = 1.17/ 2 13.1 x6 xCos 20 xtg 20 tg 20

b) H !a8 at Fs , 1 H at $riti$a $ondition , Hc

Hc = c 13 = = 6.1;m 2 Cos %tg tg' 13.1 xCos 23 x%tg 23 tg 21'
2

E8er$ise) =se the pre"ious soi data( et c , 7( a) >is$uss how the s ope $ondition if , 20o b) If , 7( deter!ine safet# fa$tor fro! s ip fai ure

Condition with seepage

Equipotential line plane Flow line Slip plane

Figure 2.2. Infinite s ope with seepage The water wi affe$t shear strength of soi as fo ows )
= c + % u 'tg

%1.21'

Or
= c +? tg

%1.22'

*here

, nor!a effe$ti"e stress %-N.!2' , pore water pressure %-N.!2' , unit weight of water %-N.!/'
u = wHCos 2

Steps in deter!ining the safet# fa$tor ) *eight of soi a+$d

W = satLH %1'

Width perpendicular the paper in 1 unit

%1.2/'

*here W $an +e di"ided into

Na = WCos = satLHCos

%1.2:'

Ta = WSin = satLHSin

%1.20'

4ea$tion due to W is R that e5ua to W in opposite dire$tion. R $an +e di"ided into )

Nr = RCos = WCos = satLHCos
Tr = RSin = WSin = satLHSin

%1.21' %1.23'

Tota nor!a stress and shear for$e at the A2 p ane in e5ui i+riu! is
=
Nr = satHCos 2 % L . Cos '%1' Tr = satHCosSin % L . Cos'%1'

%1.2;' %1.26'

d =

And $an +e e8pressed with

d = cd + % u 'tgd = cd + ? tgd

%1./7'

or
d = cd + %satHCos 2 wHCos 2 'tgd

d = cd + % ? HCos 2 'tgd

Safet# fa$tor $an +e deter!ined +# the e5uation of

Fs = c ? tg + 2 satHCos tg sattg

%1./1'

For granu ar soi ( $ohesion , 7

Fs =

? tg sattg

%1./2' For soi with , 7

Fs =

c satHCos 2 tg

%1.//'

Problem: S ope has soi data as fo ows ) c , 1; -N.!2 , 27o = 21o

sat , 22 -N.!/
H , 17 ! $a $u ate safet# fa$tor fro! s ip fai ure

Solution)
Fs = c ? tg 1; 12 @ tg 27 + = + = 7.31 2 2 satHCos tg sattg 22 @ 17 @ Cos 21 @ tg 21 22 @ tg 21

+. FINITE SLOPE

Slip plane

Figure 2./. Fi Sta+i it# ana #sis on a s ope surfa$e soi

As the e8isten$e of oose a#er on the +otto! of the top of soi surfa$e( the fi wi downward a ong the s ip p ane AC. The weight of !ateria of fi %A2C' )
W = 1 HB C %1' 2
W = 1 H % H H ' 2 tg tg
Sin % ' W = 1 H 2 Sin.Sin 2

*here W , weight of soi upper the s ip p ane

, s ip ang e against horiAonta ine , ang e of s ope

Nor!a stress and shear stress at A2 p ane per unit width )

1 H .Sin .Cos .Sin% ' Na = = 2 H . Sin .%1' Sin .Sin

%1./0'

1 H .Sin 2 .Sin% ' Ta = = 2 H . Sin .%1' Sin .Sin

%1./1'

Shear resistan$e on the p ane A2

d = cd +.tgd
Sin.% ' d = cd + 1 2 H . d Sin.Sin .Cos.Sin.tg

%1./3'

Criti$a ang e
c = + d 2

%1./;' %1./6'

1 Cos % d ' H cd = Sin.Cosd . :

In a $riti$a $ondition( Fs , 1 $riti$a height %Hc' )

:c Sin.Cos Hc = . . 1 Cos % '

%1.:7'

*here Hc , $riti$a height of s ope %!'

, s ip ang e against horiAonta ine %o' , ang e of s ope %o'

c , $ohesion %-N.!2'

, fri$tion ang e %o' , unit weight of soi %-N.!/'

Pro+ e!) A new fi wi +e p a$ed on the pre"ious s oping fi . New fi soi ha"e unit weight %' , 27 -N.!/( c , 20 -N.!2( and , 13o. Ang e of s ope( , :3o( , :7o . Ca $u ate the !a8i!u! height of s ope at Fs , 2.

So ution)
Fs = c cd

or

cd =

c 20 = = 12.0 -N.!2 Fs 2
13 = Arc.tg = ;.16 o 2 F

F =

tg tgd

or

d = Arc.tg

:c Sin.Cos : @12.0 Sin :3 @ Cos;.16 Hc = . . = = ;./6 ! 1 Cos % ' 27 1 Cos % :3 ;.16'