Peter Stanton 9/2/2013 ANTH 484 - ea!

th and Povert" Sarah #unningham

Serving the Undocumented in Northern Nevada

Serving the Undocumented in Northern Nevada$ The %mmigration A&&i&tance Program o' #atho!ic #haritie&

Introduction
(" ethnogra)hic re&earch 'ocu&e& on the %mmigration A&&i&tance Program at the #atho!ic #haritie& o' Northern Nevada in *eno+ N,- The )rogram )rovide& !o.-co&t immigration &ervice& to c!ient& .ho&e 'ami!ie& ear !e&& than 200/ o' the 0edera! Povert" 1ine- The )rogram main!" &erve& undocumented immigrant&- (" 'ie!d re&earch con&i&ted o' &itting in on the Program2& con&u!tation& .ith c!ient& and conducting &emi-&tructured intervie.& .ith c!ient& a'ter 3eing introduced 3" )rogram &ta''- %n intervie.& .ith )rogram &ta'' and c!ient&+ &evera! )oint& aro&e that diverged 'rom the a))arent academic con&en&u& on cha!!enge& 'aced 3" the undocumented1iterature revie.& revea! acce&& to medica! care+ cha!!enge& in &choo!+ and !o. earning )otentia! a& centra! 3arrier& &urrounding the immigrant communit"- Sta'' at the #atho!ic #haritie& identi'ied 'raudu!ent immigration )ractice and mi&conce)tion& a3out higher education a& additiona! 4e" cha!!enge& 'or the communit"- %n the )rogram2& inta4e a&&e&&ment&+ c!ient& indeed identi'" hea!thcare a& a &u3&tantive need .ithin the communit"5ne-on-one intervie.& revea!ed that )arent& a!mo&t a!.a"& encourage their chi!dren to attend co!!ege+ though 3oth )arent& and &tudent& have mi&conce)tion& and a genera! !ac4 o' in'ormation a3out their !ega! o)tion& 'or higher education and ho. 3e&t it can 3e )ur&ued- %n the 'ace o' in'ormationa! and cu!tura! cha!!enge&+ near!" a!! o' the &u36ect& intervie.ed indicated that their !ive& in the U-S- are dedicated to im)roving the o))ortunitie& avai!a3!e to their chi!dren- A&
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Peter Stanton 9/2/2013 ANTH 484 - ea!th and Povert" Sarah #unningham

Serving the Undocumented in Northern Nevada

re'orm& to immigration !a.& are enacted and more &u3&tantive one& are )ending in congre&&+ thi& e''ort e7erted 3" )arent& and the accom)an"ing &trugg!e& are increa&ing!" directed to.ard an attaina3!e goa!-

Challenges Faced by Undocumented Immigrants - A Literature Survey

8oung )eo)!e in the U-S- .ithout !ega! &tatu& 'ind 3arrier& in in&titution& that .e ta4e 'or granted- 9e'ore 2012+ a &tudent .ithout !ega! &tatu& had ver" !itt!e incentive to graduate high &choo!+ much !e&& )ur&ue higher education$ the" have no ho)e o' .or4ing !ega!!" in thi& countr"0rom thi& )er&)ective+ it ma4e& more &en&e to 3egin .or4ing :o&ten&i3!" under the ta3!e or having !ied a3out their immigration &tatu&; a& &oon a& )o&&i3!eStudent& .ithout !ega! &tatu& are not e!igi3!e 'or 'edera! 'inancia! aid :Hernande< et- a!-+ 2010;- %n man" &tate&+ the" are not e!igi3!e 'or in-&tate tuition+ though the" are in the &tate o' Nevada a& !ong a& the" have attended high &choo! in the &tate 'or the t.o "ear& 3e'ore graduation- Such &tudent& are not e!igi3!e 'or 'edera! SNAP :'ood &tam); 3ene'it& un!e&& a 'ami!" mem3er i& a U-S- citi<en+ and are ine!igi3!e 'or (edicaid- %n a )o)u!ation that di&)ro)ortionate!" !ive& in )overt" :P!uvio&e+ 200=;+ the&e o3&tac!e& )re&ent &u3&tantive cha!!enge& to the hea!th and .e!!-3eing o' undocumented immigrant&(an" o' the&e cha!!enge& are a!&o &hared 3" )arent& o' the&e &tudent&- (an" immigrant& have main!" in'orma! .or4 arrangement& :(ei&&ner et- a!+ 200>;- Though mo&t undocumented immigrant& that .or4 )a" ta7e&+ the" are !arge!" ine!igi3!e to receive an" 'orm o' 'edera! or &tate 3ene'it&- Peo)!e .ithout !ega! &tatu& cannot a))!" 'or driver& !icen&e& in the &tate o' Nevada+
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Peter Stanton 9/2/2013 ANTH 484 - ea!th and Povert" Sarah #unningham

Serving the Undocumented in Northern Nevada

meaning that the" are at ri&4 o' 3eing )u!!ed over+ arre&ted+ and de)orted ever" time the" drive a car- *eno .a& 3ui!t around the automo3i!e and &)end& a re!ative!" &ma!! amount on )u3!ic tran&)ortation+ near!" nece&&itating that re&ident& drive to get around%n 2011 and 2012+ the United State& de)orted more than 200+000 )arent& o' United State& citi<en& :0reed e&&!er+ 2012;- The&e .ere main!" undocumented immigrant& .ho had chi!dren

that .ere 3orn in the U-S- A chi!d cannot )etition 'or a !ega! &tatu& 'or their )arent& unti! the" turn 21+ and the current .ait 'or tho&e vi&a& i& 22 "ear& 'or )eo)!e 3orn in (e7icoAcademic& o'ten re'er to the conce)t o' ?i!!ega!it"? a& a demeaning and demora!i<ing &ocia! con&truct :#have<+ 200=;- The )rimar" o36ection to !a3e!ing immigrant& a& ?i!!ega!? i& that it attache& i!!ega!it" to their )er&on& :i3id;- 0or in&tance+ .e never re'er to murderer& a& ?i!!ega! murderer&? or ra)i&t& a& ?i!!ega! ra)i&t&?- 9" creating a &ocia!!"-idea!i<ed ?crimina!?+ the genera! )o)u!ation come& to 'ear )eo)!e rather than the crime& the" commit :0oucau!t+ 19=8; %n 'act+ )eo)!e .ho vio!ate immigration !a.& are not technica!!" committing crime& and are not tried in crimina! court& 'or immigration vio!ation& :#ongre&&iona! *e&earch Service+ 200>;- Additiona!!"+ immigrant& are !e&& !i4e!" to commit crime& or 3ecome incarcerated 3" the crimina! 6u&tice &"&tem than native-3orn citi<en& o' the U-S- :*am3aud and @.ing+ 2012;- Academic& )oint to the crimina!i<ation a& a 'orm o' &ocia! margina!i<ation :Hernande< et- a!-+ 2010;+ a 'rame.or4 'or !a3or e7)!oitation :#have<+ 200=;+ and a con&tant &ource o' 'ear among undocumented immigrant& :Peut<+ 200>;-

Background on Research Setting and Subjects Immigration in Northern Nevada - The Lay of the Land
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Peter Stanton 9/2/2013 ANTH 484 - ea!th and Povert" Sarah #unningham

Serving the Undocumented in Northern Nevada

The *eno-S)ar4& communit" i& the !arge&t )o)u!ation center in Northern Nevada+ and the metro)o!itan area i& home to a))ro7imate!" A00+000 )eo)!e- A& a .ho!e+ Nevada ha& the highe&t )ercentage o' undocumented immigrant& )er ca)ita o' an" &tate in the U-S- A))ro7imate!" 12-2 )ercent o' the .or4'orce in Northern Nevada are undocumented immigrant& :Pe.+ 2012;The #atho!ic #haritie& o' Northern Nevada i& one o' t.o non-)ro'it )rovider& o' immigration &ervice& in the area- %n a region .ith ten& o' thou&and& o' undocumented immigrant&+ there are a tota! o' 'ive accredited advocate& and !icen&ed attorne"& that )rovide accredited immigration &tatu&e& at !o. co&t to !o.-income 'ami!ie&- The %mmigration A&&i&tance Program at #atho!ic #haritie& em)!o"& t.o &uch advocate&According to intervie.& .ith the &ta'' at #atho!ic #haritie&+ immigration !a. can 3e e7ceeding!" com)!e7- 9ecau&e o' !anguage+ !iterac"+ and cu!tura! 3arrier& 3et.een c!ient& and !a."er& or &ervice )rovider&+ the 'ie!d i& a!&o ri)e 'or 'raudu!ent )ractice- The &ta'' re'erred to mu!ti)!e in&tance& in .hich !icen&ed attorne"& had charged c!ient& 'or &ervice& the" did not )rovide+ &ervice& )rovided &o )oor!" that the" indicate a !ac4 o' 4no.!edge a3out the 3a&ic& o' immigration !a.+ and contract& that :Buite i!!ega!!"; )rohi3ited c!ient& 'rom &ee4ing out&ide coun&e! or &econd o)inion&Additiona!!"+ the &ta'' identi'ied ?notario 'raud? a& a &u3&tantive )ro3!em 'or thi& communit"- Throughout 1atin America+ e&)ecia!!" in Cuatema!a and @! Sa!vador+ notarios are individua!& .ho are !icen&ed to 3e &omething 3et.een )ara!ega!& and !a."er& in the U-S- Notar" )u3!ic& in the U-S- are &im)!" )eo)!e .ho a''irm the &ignature o' a given document+ )a"ing a))ro7imate!" D90 and ta4ing a 'our-hour c!a&&- The di''erence 3et.een the&e t.o t")e& o' individua!& i& o'ten !itera!!" !o&t in tran&!ation+ !eading immigrant& to 3e!ieve that un!icen&ed+
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Peter Stanton 9/2/2013 ANTH 484 - ea!th and Povert" Sarah #unningham

Serving the Undocumented in Northern Nevada

unaccredited notar" )u3!ic& are 'u!!" Bua!i'ied to re)re&ent them in immigration )roce&&e&-

The Immigration Assistance Program

The %mmigration A&&i&tance Program at #atho!ic #haritie& ha& 3een o)en &ince EEE- The agenc" 3egan in 1941+ and run& nine di&tinct )rogram&- Their centra! cam)u& .here the %AP i& !ocated+ i& home to hte !arge&t 'ood di&tri3ution )oint in Northern Nevada+ a thri't &tore+ an ado)tion )rogram+ and a ca'eteria that )rovide& a3out 3A0 'ree mea!& a da"- The agenc" a!&o )rovide& tran&itiona! hou&ing and door-to-door hea!th outreach in con6unction .ith #ount"The t.o 'u!!-time &ta'' mem3er& o' #atho!ic #haritie& are 3oth in their !ate t.entie&- 9oth are accredited 3" the 9ureau o' %mmigration A))ea!&+ )art o' the 'edera! Fe)artment o' Gu&tice+ to re)re&ent individua!& in immigration )roce&&e&- The Program (anager+ H"!e @dgerton+ i& a *eno native .ho attended Pomona #o!!ege- A'ter .or4ing 'or immigration !a."er& in *eno 'or three "ear&+ he .a& hired 3" the )rogram and 3ecame manager :through attrition; three "ear& ago(iriam i& her&e!' an immigrant 'rom (e7ico- Having come to the U-S- at the age o' 'our+ &he &)ort& tattoo&+ a !i) ring+ and t.o "ear& o' education at the Univer&it" o' Ne. (e7ico in A!3uBuerBueThe Program i& a!&o ho&t to three Americor)& ,%STA&+ .ho earn a !iving &ti)end 3" 3ui!ding ca)acit" 'or a vo!unteer-driven )rogram that )rovide& 'ree &ervice& to &tudent&- @ach o' the&e ,%STA& .ere recent co!!ege graduate& 'rom the (id.e&t- That )rogram had 'our vo!unteer& .ho each give a3out three hour& a .ee4 o' their time conducting intervie.& and com)i!ing Fe'erred Action a))!ication& 'or &tudent&A

a&hoe

Peter Stanton 9/2/2013 ANTH 484 - ea!th and Povert" Sarah #unningham

Serving the Undocumented in Northern Nevada

5ne o' the mo&t intere&ting d"namic& 3et.een the Program and #atho!ic #haritie& a& a .ho!e &urround& 'unding and )u3!icit"- The %mmigration A&&i&tance Program i& not u&ed a& centra! )itch o' ##NN 'undrai&ing materia!& and i& 'rom time to time omitted 'rom the agenc"2& ne.&!etter&- The Program2& manager 'i!!ed me in on thi& d"namic+ and in hi& o)inion thi& i& a re'!ection o' the )o!itica! vo!ati!it" around immigration and the demogra)hic& o' the donor 3a&eThe #atho!ic #ounci! o' 9i&ho)& ha& advocated 'or a more humane a))roach to immigration in the U-S- 'or decade& :US##9+ 2013;- @ach #atho!ic #hurch in *eno ha& at !ea&t one S)ani&h-!anguage ma&& a "ear+ and .hi!e there are no demogra)hic num3er& on the ethnic ma4eu) o' the&e congregation&+ the )re&ence o' the&e ma&&e& indicate& the &u3&tantive 1atino 3a&e .ithin the #atho!ic church in Northern Nevada- Though the #hurch2& 3a&e and )u3!ic )o&ition on &ocia! 6u&tice c!ear!" &u))ort immigration re'orm and the em)o.erment o' the area2& immigrant )o)u!ation+ according to &ta'' mem3er& the donor 3a&e i& )redominant!" Ang!o and o!der- Sta'' &ee the !o.-!ighting o' the %mmigration A&&i&tance Program a& an attem)t to carr" out the #hurch2& )!at'orm .ithout 6eo)ardi<ing donation& to the agenc" a& a .ho!e+ .hich i& ho&t to eight &e)arate and diver&e )rogram&-

Basics of Immigration Law

The mo&t &uccinct &ummar" o' the cha!!enge& to !ega! immigration to the United State& .a& !aid do.n 3" H"!e @dgerton+ (anager o' the %mmigration A&&i&tance Program$ to come to the U-S- !ega!!"+ a 'ami!" mem3er .ith !ega! &tatu& can )etition 'or "ou+ or an em)!o"er can )etition 'or "ou i' "ou have &4i!!& unmet 3" the dome&tic .or4'orce- The .ait 'or mo&t 'ami!"3a&ed vi&a& 'or )eo)!e 'rom (e7ico i& more than t.ent" "ear&- Peo)!e .ho came to the U-S>

Peter Stanton 9/2/2013 ANTH 484 - ea!th and Povert" Sarah #unningham

Serving the Undocumented in Northern Nevada

.ithout !ega! &tatu& need to return to their countr" o' origin to gain !ega! &tatu&+ 3ut 'ace a ten"ear 3ar 'rom admi&&ion to the United State& once the" !eave :i' the" have !ived in the U-S- 'or over a "ear;The %AP main!" )ractice& 'ami!"-3a&ed immigration+ and .hi!e the )receding )aragra)h might 3e con&idered an over-&im)!i'ication o' immigration !a.&+ it doe& &)e!! out the 3a&ic 'rame.or4 o' the Program2& )ractice- According to the Program2& manager+ in 2011 a))ro7imate!" >0/ o' the )rogram2& ca&e& are 3a&ed marriage& to U-S- citi<en& or !ega! )ermanent re&ident&+ 20/ natura!i<ation or rene.a! o' )ermanent re&idence+ and 20/ &)ecia! vi&a&+ )rimari!" 'or victim& o' vio!ence crime& or dome&tic vio!ence- @ight"-'ive )ercent o' the c!ient& &erved 3" the %AP .ere 3orn in (e7icoStarting in Augu&t o' 2012+ mi!!ion& o' "oung )eo)!e 3et.een the age& o' 1A and 31 .ho had 3een in the U-S- 'or more than 'ive "ear& and meet certain crimina! reBuirement& 3ecame e!igi3!e 'or e7ce)tion 'or de)ortation and .or4 authori<ation 'or t.o "ear&- %n re&)on&e to thi& ne. )rogram the %AP im)!emented a mode! o' )roviding 'ree &ervice& to &tudent& 3" training vo!unteer& to carr" out initia! con&u!tation& and he!) com)i!e the&e ca&e&- Hno.n a& Fe'erred Action+ thi& )roce&& com)!ete!" change& the o)tion& o' man" "oung &tudent& in the U-SThe Program2& ,%STA& and vo!unteer& a!! &aid that man" &tudent& and )arent& come to the )rogram enBuiring a3out the ?F*@A( Act?- To the&e individua!&+ thi& )attern indicate& mi&in'ormation and the genera! !ac4 o' in'ormation &urrounding current immigration )o!ic"Additiona!!"+ man" o' the c!ient& inBuire a3out las reformas :immigration re'orm&;+ .hat the" entai!+ and .hether the" have ta4en e''ect "et- A& no re'orm& to immigration !a. have "et to reach the '!oor o' the Hou&e o' *e)re&entative&+ mu!ti)!e &ta'' mem3er& a!&o inter)reted thi& a&
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Peter Stanton 9/2/2013 ANTH 484 - ea!th and Povert" Sarah #unningham

Serving the Undocumented in Northern Nevada

an indication o' the )oor and inaccurate communication o' in'ormation to the undocumented communit"- 0or that )o)u!ation+ thi& in'ormation cou!d not 3e more im)ortant-

Field Consultations

ork

Furing thi& ethnogra)h" % &at in on eight con&u!tation& 3et.een #atho!ic #haritie& &ta'' mem3er& and c!ient&- 0our .ere initia! con&u!tation& and 'our .ere 'or on-going ca&e.or4- @ach o' tho&e categorie& .a& even!" &)!it into con&u!tation& conducted 3" (iriam and tho&e conducted 3" H"!e- Additiona!!"+ % o3&erved three con&u!tation& 3et.een vo!unteer& and &tudent&- A!! o' the&e con&u!tation& .ere conducted in S)ani&h+ .hich % 'ortunate!" &)ea4 '!uent!"% .a& immediate!" im)re&&ed .ith the ra))ort that 3oth (iriam and H"!e e&ta3!i&h .ith ne. c!ient&- According to H"!e+ mo&t ne. c!ient& come in via re'erra! 'rom )a&t c!ient&+ main!" their 'ami!" and 'riend&- U)on &itting do.n .ith an advocate+ each and ever" c!ient &eemed to re!ea&e a!! )reten&e&$ the" &)o4e candid!" a3out their immigration &tatu&+ though in a!! &even ca&e& the c!ient& had no 'orm o' !ega! &tatu& in the United State&- The" a!&o &)o4e o)en!" a3out their income !eve!&- %nitia! con&u!tation& t")ica!!" conc!ude .ith an advocate a&4ing c!ient& i' the" are intere&ted in an" o' the other &ervice& that #atho!ic #haritie& o''er&+ and three c!ient& .ere Buic4 to identi'" other need& :'ood 'rom the )antr"+ hea!thcare+ and ear!" chi!dcare;The three con&u!tation& conducted 3" vo!unteer& 'or &tudent& and their 'ami!ie& &hared mo&t o' the&e 'eature&hi!e t.o o' the vo!unteer&2 S)ani&h .a& not a& &trong a& &ta'' mem3er&2+

c!ient& &eemed to immediate!" o)en u) .ith the vo!unteer&+ divu!ging their !ac4 o' &tatu&+ that o' their 'ami!"+ and their immigration hi&tor"- The on!" non-immigration need& that the&e 'ami!ie&
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Peter Stanton 9/2/2013 ANTH 484 - ea!th and Povert" Sarah #unningham

Serving the Undocumented in Northern Nevada

identi'ied .ere hea!thcare+ )rimari!" hea!th in&urance+ and ear!" chi!dcare- A!! three o' the&e &tudent& .ere undocumented+ &tated that the" )!anned to attend the !oca! communit" co!!ege .ith ho)e& o' tran&'erring to the Univer&it" o' Nevada+ and are e!igi3!e 'or the ne. Fe'erred Action )roce&&The con&u!tation& .ith &tudent& conc!ude .ith a 3rie' &urve" a3out co!!ege )!an&- %n each o' the&e ca&e&+ )arent& in&i&ted that their chi!dren .ou!d attend co!!ege- Another Bue&tion a&4& 'ami!ie& i' the" .i!! 3e a3!e to )a" 'or co!!ege+ and ho.- A!! three 'ami!ie& re)orted that "e&+ the" .ou!d 3e a3!e to )a" 'or co!!ege+ 3ut did not 4no. ho.- T.o 'ami!ie& &aid that the" don2t 4no. ho.+ the" .i!! ma4e it .or45ne &tudent :in a di''erent 'ami!";+ re&)onding to the Bue&tion ?Fo "our )arent& encourage "ou to attend co!!ege? &aid that hi& )arent& to!d him that the" do not ?.or4 !i4e anima!&? in order to &ee their chi!d do the &ame- %n in'orma! intervie.&+ % a&4ed each 'ami!" .ith a &tudent .h" the" .anted their chi!d to attend co!!ege- 5ne 'ather to!d me )oint 3!an4 that he came to thi& countr" to give hi& chi!dren o))ortunitie&- The mother o' the third &tudent &aid that &he .ant& to &ee her daughter have the ?re&)ect &he de&erve&?- %n hind&ight+ % .i&hed % had inBuired into .hat that re&)ect entai!& and ho. it i& earned-

Interviews
% conducted &emi-&tructured intervie.& .ith each o' the 'ami!ie& that came in 'or con&u!tation&- %n the&e intervie.&+ % enBuired a3out ho. the&e 'ami!ie& &u))ort them&e!ve&+ 'ound em)!o"ment+ thin4 a3out education+ and .h" the" choo&e to !ive undocumented in the United State&- %nc!uded 3e!o. are re&u!t& re)orted 3" mu!ti)!e &u36ect&9

Peter Stanton 9/2/2013 ANTH 484 - ea!th and Povert" Sarah #unningham

Serving the Undocumented in Northern Nevada

A!! 'our o' the 'ami!ie& that had a!read" 3egun )roce&&e& and .ere coming in to the %AP 'or on-going ca&e.or4 had at !ea&t one undocumented )er&on in the 'ami!"- %n t.o ca&e&+ the mother and mu!ti)!e chi!dren .ere undocumented- 9oth the&e .omen and their &)ou&e& e7)re&&ed re!ie' in 3eing a3!e to ?'i7 their )a)er&? through U-S- citi<en hu&3and&% a&4ed each 'ami!" ho. !iving in the U-S- .ithout !ega! &tatu& a''ected their !ive&- The 'ir&t i&&ue that a!! o' the&e &u36ect& 3rought u) .a& their ina3i!it" to .or4 and the im)act that it had on their income- T.o o' the&e &u36ect& did not )er'orm an" )aid .or4 at a!!+ .hi!e one .or4ed 'or an o''ice c!eaning com)an" !e&& than t.ent" hour& )er .ee4- %n 'our o' the&e 'ami!ie&+ men .ere the )rimar" 3read.inner&- A!! o' the&e men .or4ed 'or con&truction or !and&ca)ing 'irm&+ .ere )aid .ith chec4&+ and )aid income ta7e& u&ing a %ndividua! Ta7 %denti'ication Num3er- T.o re)orted not having !i&ted an" &ocia! &ecurit" num3er on their %-92&+ .hi!e the other t.o !i&ted their %T%N%n ever" intervie.+ % a!&o a&4ed 'ami!ie& .hether their !ac4 o' !ega! &tatu& !ed them to !ive ?in 'ear?- 5n!" one o' the ten 'ami!ie& re&)onded .ith an outright ?"e&?+ though &even other 'ami!ie& &tated that the" .ere o'ten nervou& .hen driving- %n each o' tho&e ca&e&+ the 'ami!"2& car .a& regi&tered in the name o' a 'ami!" mem3er or 'riend- 5ther than driving+ 'ami!ie& re)orted 3eing genera!!" una'raid o' going out in )u3!ic+ &ho))ing attending church+ and attending &choo!-

Findings and Inter!retive Analysis

%!!ega!it"+ o'ten cited in the !iterature a& a cha!!enge and )&"cho&ocia! &tre&&or in the undocumented communit"+ a))eared in m" re&earch a& a greater concern 'or )arent& than chi!dren- Primari!"+ )arent& indicated that the" are uncom'orta3!e driving+ .hich i& i!!ega! in
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Peter Stanton 9/2/2013 ANTH 484 - ea!th and Povert" Sarah #unningham

Serving the Undocumented in Northern Nevada

Nevada 'or undocumented immigrant&- 0or chi!dren+ the conce)t o' i!!ega!it" come& into )!a" mo&t o'ten in regard to their co!!ege )!an&- (an" o' the undocumented chi!dren &erved 3" the Program are under the im)re&&ion that the" are una3!e to attend )u3!ic univer&it" in the &tate+ even though the" not on!" are a3!e to+ 3ut t")ica!!" Bua!i'" 'or in-&tate tuition regard!e&& o' their immigration &tatu&The 'ami!" d"namic&+ and the&e 'ami!ie&2 &en&e o' )!ace in a &ocia! &"&tem a))eared remar4a3!" &imi!ar to the t")ica!!" dream o' American )rogre&&- Parent& re)orted .or4ing hard and !iving a vo!ati!e e7i&tence in order that their chi!dren .ou!d not have to- 0or their chi!dren 3orn in the United State&+ thi& i& a tangi3!e+ attaina3!e rea!it"ith the ne. Fe'erred Action 'or

#hi!dhood Arriva!& )roce&&+ thi& goa! i& increa&ing!" in reach 'or immigrant 'ami!ie& that have 3een in the U-S- 'or the !a&t &i7 "ear&Providing &ervice& to the undocumented communit" )o&e& a cha!!enge in and o' it&e!'Accurate!" and re!ia3!" %n'orming the )rogram2& target communit" on immigration !a.& and ne. deve!o)ment& .a& a 4e" concern identi'ied 3" )rogram &ta''- 1anguage+ cu!ture+ and !iterac" a!! &erve a& 3arrier& to e''ective communication and di&&emination o' in'ormation- The )rogram &u&tain& it&e!' )rimari!" through 'inancia! donation& to the #atho!ic #haritie&hi!e the )rogram

doe& charge 'ee& on a &!iding &ca!e 3a&ed on income+ in a given month the )rogram run& a))ro7imate!" a D1+000 de'icit- Additiona!!"+ the %mmigration A&&i&tance Program i& not .ide!" )u3!ici<ed to the agenc"2& donor&+ a& other agenc" )rogram& :&uch a& the 0ood Pantr"+ Fining *oom+ and tran&itiona! hou&ing; are more )o)u!ar and !e&& controver&ia! a))ea!&-

Conclusions
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Peter Stanton 9/2/2013 ANTH 484 - ea!th and Povert" Sarah #unningham

Serving the Undocumented in Northern Nevada

#ha!!enge& to the undocumented communit" that are regu!ar!" re'erred to in academic !iterature do indeed )re&ent them&e!ve& to the Northern Nevada communit"- Additiona!!"+ mi&conce)tion& and incom)!ete in'ormation )o&e tangi3!e !imit& to the region2& undocumented )o)u!ation- 0rom 'raudu!ent immigration )ractice& to a3u&ive em)!o"er&+ the '!o. o' accurate in'ormation i& encum3ered 3" !anguage+ educationa!+ and cu!tura! 3arrier&%n the 'ace o' the&e cha!!enge&+ man" mem3er& o' the undocumented communit" in Northern Nevada are indeed a3!e to &ecure .hat the" &ee a& a 3etter !i'e 'or their chi!dren- The Fe'erred Action )roce&& ha& reduced the 'orma! and !ega! 3arrier& con'ronted 3" undocumented &tudent&+ and )ro)o&a!& 'or immigration re'orm ho!d the )romi&e o' &imi!ar o))ortunitie& 'or their )arent&- The <ea! and ho)e that the&e )arent& har3or 'or and in&ti!! in their chi!dren i& tangi3!e in conver&ation .ith themhi!e )roviding accredited re)re&entation and .or4ing to in'orm the immigrant communit" a3out their right& and o)tion&+ the %mmigration A&&i&tance Program at #atho!ic #haritie& &eem& to o)erate ?under the ta3!e? it&e!' - .or4ing in a &e)arate !anguage on ta&4& that are not 2)itched2 or 2mar4eted2 to the agenc"2& donor 3a&e- %n the 'ace o' ma&&ive immigration re'orm and .ith the num3er o' accredited re)re&entative& in Northern Nevada dec!ining+ i&&ue& o' immigration 'raud+ 'a!&e in'ormation+ and a !ac4 o' re)re&entation a))ear endemic to the areaNonethe!e&&+ the&e !i'e-changing &ervice& economica!!" em)o.er a !oca! communit" &u36ect to &u36ugation+ di&en'ranchi&ement+ and dehumani<ation-

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Peter Stanton 9/2/2013 ANTH 484 - ea!th and Povert" Sarah #unningham

Serving the Undocumented in Northern Nevada

orks Re"erenced
Peut<+ N-+ #have<+ 1-+ #o!!in&+ C-+ 0e4ete+ 1-+ Cingrich+ A-+ Hroner+ C-+ --- I Peut<+ N- :200>;@m3ar4ing on an Anthro)o!og" o' *emova!- #urrent anthro)o!og"+ 4=:2;+ 21=-2410reed e&&!er+ S- :2012;- Shattered 0ami!ie&$ The Peri!ou& %nter&ection o' %mmigration @n'orcement and the #hi!d e!'are S"&tem+ @7ecutive Summar"- A))!ied *e&earch #enter- Acce&&ed =/28/2013- htt)$//arc-org/&hattered'ami!ie&

Ach4ar+ G- (-+ I (ac4!in+ *- :2009;- @thica! con&ideration& a3out re)orting re&earch re&u!t& .ith )otentia! 'or 'urther &tigmati<ation o' undocumented immigrant&- Clinical infectious diseases+ 48:9;+ 12A0-12A3#have<+ 1- *- :200=;- The condition o' i!!ega!it"- %nternationa! (igration+ 4A:3;+ 192-19>#ongre&&iona! *e&earch Service :200>;- #rimina!i<ing Un!a.'u! Pre&ence$ Se!ected %&&ue&Acce&&ed =/1A/2013- htt)$//trac-&"r-edu/immigration/!i3rar"/PA8A-)d' 0oucau!t+ (- :19=8;- The hi&tor" o' &e7ua!it"- ,o!ume 1$ An introduction+ tran&!ated 3" *o3ert Hur!e"- Ne. 8or4$ ,intageHernande<+ S-+ Hernande<+ %-+ Cad&on+ *-+ Hu'ta!in+ F-+ 5rti<+ A- (-+ hite+ (- #-+ I 8ocum Ca''ne"+ F- :2010;- Sharing their &ecret&$ Undocumented &tudent&2 )er&ona! &torie& o' 'ear+ drive+ and &urviva!- Ne. Firection& 'or Student Service&+ 2010:131;+ >=-84(ei&&ner+ F-+ (e"er&+ F- -+ Pa)ademetriou+ F-C-+ 0i7+ (- :200>;- *e)ort o' the %nde)endent Ta&4 0orce on %mmigration and AmericaJ& 0uture- (igration Po!ic" %n&titutePe. *e&earch #enter- :2012;- Femogra)hic Pro'i!e o' Hi&)anic& in Nevada+ 2011- Pew esearch Center! "is#anic Trends Pro$ect% Acce&&ed 8/22/2013P!uvio&e+ F- :200=;- Serving the Undocumented- Fiver&e$ %&&ue& in Higher @ducation+ 24:22;+ 20-22,are!a+ A- (- :2011;- #reating o))ortunitie& 'or undocumented "outh$ A revie. o' the !iteratureThe Ne. @ducator+ =:1;+ 8=-102*um3aut+ *-C-+ @.ing+ -A :2012; The ("th o' %mmigrant #rimina!it" and the Parado7 o' A&&imi!ation- %mmigration Po!ic" %n&titute- Acce&&ed =/28/2012htt)$//...-immigration)o!ic"-org/&)ecia!-re)ort&/m"th-immigrant-crimina!it"-and)arado7-a&&imi!ation13

Peter Stanton 9/2/2013 ANTH 484 - ea!th and Povert" Sarah #unningham

Serving the Undocumented in Northern Nevada

United State& #ounci! o' #atho!ic 9i&ho)&- :2013;- ?%mmigration?- Acce&&ed =/22/2013htt)$//...-u&cc3-org/i&&ue&-and-action/human-!i'e-and-dignit"/immigration/

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