IPASJ International Journal of Electronics & Communication (IIJEC)

A Publisher for Research Motivatin........

Volume 2, Issue 2, February 2014

Web Site: http://www.ipasj.org/IIJEC/IIJEC.htm Email: editoriijec@ipasj.org ISSN 2321-5984

Performance Improvement Using Adaptive Spatial Modulation

G.S GNANA JENI1, A.NITHYA2, C.ARUNACHALAPERUMAL3
PG Scholar, Communication Systems, S.A Engineering College, Chennai, India PG Scholar, Communication Systems, S.A Engineering College, Chennai, India 3 Associate Professor, Communication Systems, S.A Engineering College, Chennai, India
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ABSTRACT
Adaptive Spatial Modulation (ASM) is a transmission scheme proposed to achieve better system performance. Here, the modulation orders are assigned to the transmit antennas which are dynamically adapted to the changing channel conditions. As the channel slowly varies the adaptive unit at the receiver computes the optimum candidate and send that information to the transmitter through a low-bandwidth feedback path. This requires high computational complexity and feedback load. To reduce this complexity and improve the channel performance Candidate Reduction method is used. Candidate Reduction method considers only the candidates with higher probability and discards the candidates with lowers probability. By this the performance of Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems can be improved.

Keywords: Adaptive spatial modulation (ASM), Channel state information (CSI), limited feedback systems, multipleinput multiple-output (MIMO). 1. INTRODUCTION Spatial modulation (SM) is a recently developed transmission technique which uses multiple antennas. It is accepted that multiple antenna techniques can significantly improve the link spectral efficiency [1]. The basic idea is to map a block of information bits to two information carrying units: A symbol that was chosen from a constellation diagram and a unique transmit antenna number that was chosen from a set of transmit antennas. Most of the technologies using multiple antennas require complex algorithms in order to eliminate inter-channel interference (ICI). Spatial modulation is that a block of information bits is mapped to a constellation point in signal domain and spatial domain. At a time only one transmit antenna remains active and other antennas will be transmitting zero power. Hence, ICI at the receiver and synchronization at the transmitter is avoided completely. Binary matrix k n is transmitted as one orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol, where k is the total number of bits per symbol per sub channel and n is the total number of OFDM sub channels. The number of bits transmitted per sub channel is given by (1), SM increases the spectral efficiency by the base two logarithm of total number of transmit antennas Nt and m is given as k = where M is the size [1].

2. ADAPTIVE SPATIAL TECHNIQUE

Adaptive Spatial Modulation (ASM) is a transmission scheme is proposed to achieve better system performance. Its system model is shown in Fig.2, which consists of SM Map per and modulator which acts like a switching unit. To have high transmission rate ASM technique uses Adaptive modulation. It requires some Channel State Information (CSI) at transmitter. This could be acquired in Time Division Duplex Systems by assuming the channel from the transmitter to the receiver is approximately same as the channel from the receiver to the transmitter. The Channel knowledge can be directly measured at the receiver fed back to the transmitter. As the channel varies with time the adaptive algorithm computes the optimum candidate for transformation. Let x N1 be a transmit symbol vector with equal power per transmit antenna. x has only one non- zero element and is transmitted through the corresponded transmit antenna. Then, the M 1 received signal is given by y = Hx+ n (2)

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IPASJ International Journal of Electronics & Communication (IIJEC)

A Publisher for Research Motivatin........

Volume 2, Issue 2, February 2014

Web Site: http://www.ipasj.org/IIJEC/IIJEC.htm Email: editoriijec@ipasj.org ISSN 2321-5984

Information Source

Spatial Modulator

Channel

Spatial Demodulator

Adaptive Techniques

Channel Estimator

Fig. 1. System model of Adaptive spatial modulation where H denotes the channel matrix, whose elements are assumed to be independent identically distributed (i.i.d.) complex Gaussian random variables with zero mean and unit variance, and the elements of dimensional noise vector are assumed to be i.i.d. complex Gaussian random variables with zero mean and variance of 0 [5]. The modulation considered is M ary PSK and the set of ASM combinations can be given as R= {r1,r2,,rj,,rJ}, where rj=[rj1,, rjn,, rjNt]. The spectral efficiency constraints are satisfied by the combinations as

(3) For the average spectral efficiency m bits/s/Hz J is the total number of possible modulation level combinations. For example, the ASM with Nt=4 and m=3we have J=16 and R={r1,r2,r3,r4,r5,r6,.,r16}={[8,1,1,1],[1,8,1,1],[1,1,8,1], [1,1,1,8],[ [1,1,1,8],[2,2,2,1],[1,2,2,2],[2,1,2,2],[2,2,1,2],[1,2,1,4],[2,1,4,1],[1,1,2,4],[4,2,1,1],[1,4,1,2],[4,1,2,1],[1,1,4,2],[2,4,1,1] }. In this case, for r1= [8,1,1,1], 8-PSK is assigned to the first antenna and no transmission is assigned for second, third and fourth antennas respectively. The candidate set is represented by [6] as D={d1,d2,d3,d4,d5,d6,,d16} ={[3,0, 0,0], [0,3,0,0],[0,0,3,0],[0,0,0,3],[1,1,1,0],[0,1,1,1],[1,0,1,1],[1,1,0,1],[0,1,0,2],[1,0,2,0], [0,0,1,2],[2,1,0,0], [0,2,0,1], [2,0,1,0],[0,0,2,1], [1,2,0,0]}, where d1=[3,0,0,0] which means first antenna transmits three bits and no bits are transmitted by second, third and fourth antennas. Because different performance are given by different candidates by switching among these candidates. Pair wise error probability (PEP) for a given channel is given by

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IPASJ International Journal of Electronics & Communication (IIJEC)

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Volume 2, Issue 2, February 2014

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Where Q(x) = distance .

, is the number of neighboring constellation points with the minimum

Where is the set of all transmit symbols. Error symbol is given by = Here d denotes the minimum distance in signal constellation consorting to the modulation order. normalized factor of by d. The error vector can be represented using (6) as

is the

D is the diagonal matrix with minimum distance as

(7) as the diagonal elements, where k= (1, 2,,

). Hence we can write the received

Where, is the set of normalized error vectors. In ASM, the optimal candidate d is selected as

3. PROPOSED SCHEME
Candidates are classified on the basis of their probability of occurrence of each ASM candidate under different spectral efficiencies and transmit parameters. The probability of occurrence is calculated using Monte Carlo simulations. We target the rate of transmission to be 3bits/s/Hz, assume is the jth candidate of ASM. The variance is calculated by the formula given in [6] as

Where is the mean of elements. The variance for the transmission rate of 3 bits/s/Hz is evaluated with the help of (10) and is given in the table 1 below: TABLE I VARIANCES FOR (44) ASM CANDIDATES WITH THE TRANSMISSION RATE OF 3 BITS/S/HZ Rates(m) Candidates( ) =[4,4] =[3,5], =[5,3 ] =[2,6], =[6,2 ] Variances(V) 0 2 8

3 bits/s/Hz

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IPASJ International Journal of Electronics & Communication (IIJEC)

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Volume 2, Issue 2, February 2014

=[1,7], =[7,1 ] =[0,8], =[8,0 ]

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In the CR method the candidates with the smallest variance is taken and the performance is evaluated. The candidates with minimum variance here is 0 and 2. So, the reduced candidates set is Dr={d1,d2,d3}={[4,4],[3,5],[5,3]}. For a better trade off the candidate set is reduced.

4. SIMULATION RESULTS
In this performance of ASM with the different transmit antenna number is seen and improvement in the BER is found. For the different spectral efficiencies the candidate is selected comparing the variances and the best modulation is chosen by the adaptive algorithm. The number of antennas is increased and the performance is evaluated. It is found that the ratio is increased and better performance is achieved.

Fig. 2. BER Vs SNR (dB) for the case of SM, ASM and CR ASM.

5. CONCLUSION
In Wireless communication system, the role of channel is very vital and the performance of the system is based on how effectively it estimates the channel. This work focuses on the adaption of modulation techniques based on the channel condition. The channel state information is estimated at the receiver with the knowledge of CSI the adaptive algorithm at the transmitter dynamically selects the appropriate modulation order. The performance is found improved lightly by increasing the number of transmit antenna.

REFERENCES
[1] Mesleh, R, Haas, H, Sinanovi, S, Ahn, CW and Yun, S, Jul. 2008, Spatial modulation, IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 57, no. 4, pp. 22282241. [2] Jeganathan, J, Ghrayeb, A, Szczecinski, L and Ceron, A, Jul. 2009, Space shift keying modulation for MIMO channels, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 8, no. 7, pp. 36923703. [3] Love, D J, Heath, RW, Jr., Lau, UKN, Gesbert, D, Rao, BD and Andrews, M, Oct. 2008 , An overview of limited feedback in wireless communication systems, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 26, no. 8, pp. 13411365. [4] Chae, CB, Forenza, A, Heath, RW, Jr., Mckay, MR and Collings, IB, May 2010, Adaptive MIMO transmission techniques for broadband wireless communication systems , IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 48, no. 5, pp. 112118. [5] Yang, P, Xiao, Y, Yu, Y and Li, SQ, Jun. 2011, Adaptive spatial modulation for wireless MIMO transmission systems, IEEE Commun. Lett., vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 602605. [6] Ping Yang ,Yue Xiao, Yi Yu ,Lei Li ,Qian Tang, and Shaoqian Li, Jul.2013,Simplified Adaptive Modulation for Limited-Feedback MIMO Systems, IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol.62, no.6.

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