Jackson 2.

25 Homework Problem Solution

Dr. Christopher S. Baird University of Massachusetts Lowell

PROBLEM: Two conducting planes at zero potential meet along the z a is! ma"ing an angle # $etween them! as in %ig. &.'&. ( unit line charge parallel to the z a is is located $etween the planes at position )*! *). )a+ Show that ),-./+ times the potential in the space $etween the planes! that is! the Dirichlet 0reen function G)! 1 *! *+! is given $y the infinite series G ( , , * , *)= ,

m= '

' m / m / 3 sin ( m /) sin ( m * /) m 2

)$+ By means of comple 4varia$le techni5ues or other means! show that the series can $e summed to give a closed form! G ( , , * , *)= ln

()& /+( * )& / & ( * )/ cos [( + *)/] ()& /+( * )& / & ( * )/ cos [( *)/]

)c+ 6erify that you o$tain the familiar results when 7 - and 7 -8&. SOLU !O": )a+ Split the space $etween the planes into two regions! region 9 where 2 * and region 99 where 3 *. :ach region is charge free! so we can solve the Laplace e5uation in two4dimensions in polar coordinates. The line charge will come into play when we apply $oundary conditions lin"ing the two regions. ' ' & + & & =/

( )

Try a solution of the form , = R to find R ' & = R & Both sides are now independent and can $e set to a constant. R = & R and

& = & &

The general solution is; ( , )=( a /+b / ln )( A/+ B/ )+ ( a + b ) ( A e i + B ei )

/

(pply the $oundary condition at the $ottom face; ( , =/ )=/ / =( a/ +b/ ln )( A/)+ ( a + b ) ( A+ B )
/

A/ =/ and B = A

The solution $ecomes; ( , )=( a /+b / ln )+ ( a +b ) sin ( )

/

(pply the $oundary condition at the top face; ( , =)=/ / =( a/ +b/ ln )+ ( a + b ) sin ( )
/

a /= / and b/ =/ and / =sin ( ) which leads to

m where m 7 '! &...

The solution $ecomes; ( , )= ( a m m /+ bm m / ) sin ( m /) where m 7 '! &...

m

The solution in $oth regions must have this form. <e must now loo" at each region separately to get any farther. 9n the region close to the origin )9+! we must have a valid solution at the origin! so that bm 7 /! leading to; 9 ( , )= a m m / sin (m /)
m

9n the region far from the origin )99+! we must have a valid solution at infinity! so that am 7 /! leading to; 99 ( , )= b m
m m /

sin ( m /)

<e now apply $oundary conditions to lin" the two regions! remem$ering that there is a line charge present at the $oundary;

( E& E') n=

99 9 +

at = *

( *) * / ( * ) /

m sin ( m /)[b m *m / + a m * m / ]=
m

Multiply $oth side $y a sine and integrate with respect to the polar angle;

m
m

sin ( m /) sin ( n / ) d [ bm *m /+ a m *m / ]=
/

sin ( n * /) /

[ bm *m /+ a m *m / ]=

& sin ( m * /) m /

The other $oundary condition is;

n ! E &= n! E '

9 99 =

at = *

a m *m / =bm *m / Solving the system of e5uations in two independent varia$les as represented $y the a$ove e5uations in $o es! we find; b m= * m / ' sin (m * /) m / a m = *m / ' sin ( m * /) m /

The final solution $ecomes; ( , )= ' ' m / m / 3 sin ( m /) sin ( m * /) / m m 2

9f we set = , / ! this potential $ecomes the 0reen function; G ( , , * , *)= ,

m= '

' m / m / 3 sin ( m /) sin ( m * /) m 2

)$+ Let us try to convert the sum into closed form. %irst note that the sine function is the imaginary part of the comple e ponential! so that the 0reen function $ecomes; G ( , , * , *)= , =e t use the identity;

m= '

' m / m / 3 "( e i m / )"( ei m */ ) m 2 & "( z ' ) "( z &)=# [ z ' z &+ z ' > z & ]
' m / m / i m (+ *)/ ' / m / i m ( * )/ 2 3 e + & m 3 e 2 m m m= '
' m ' Z ' +& Z m & m m= ' m

G ( , , * , *)=# & G ( , , * , *)=# &

[ [

m= '

m= '

/ i (+ *)/ / / i ( * )/ where Z '=/ and Z & = e e 2 3 2 3

=ow use

m= '

Zm =ln ( ' Z ) m

G ( , , * , *)= & # [ ln ( ' Z ' )ln ( ' Z &) ] G ( , , * , *)= & # ln Use & #[ ln z ]= ln ( z z >) ; G ( , , * , *)= ln

[ ( )]
' Z ' ' Z& '+$Z '$ & #( Z ' ) '+$Z &$ & #( Z & )
& &

(
( (

)
)

9nsert $ac" in Z' and Z&; G ( , , * , *)= ln

/ & / / '+& 3 & / cos (( + *)/) 2 2 3 / & / / '+& 3 & / cos (( *)/) 2 2 3 / / & +& & (2 3) / cos ( (+ * )/) 3 2 / / & +& & (2 3) / cos ( ( * )/) 3 2

G ( , , * , *)= ln

)
)

Because of the symmetry! we can drop the greater4than and less4than su$scripts; G ( , , * , *)= ln

& /+ *& / & ( * )/ cos ( (+ * )/) & /+ *& / & ( * )/ cos ( ( * )/)

)c+ %or 7 - this reduces to; ' ' ' G ( , , * , *)= ln ($# # **$) ln ($# # *$) , / & / & / This is the potential of a unit line charge located at #* near a grounded conducting plane in the x4z a is! which is effectively the same as a negative image line charge at the mirror location #**.

y
)x'! y'+

x
- )x'! 4y'+

%or 7 -8& this reduces to; G ( , , * , *)= ln

,+ * ,& ( * )& cos ( & (+ * )) ,+ * ,& ( * )& cos ( & ( * ))

' ' G ( , , * , *)= [ ln ( %&+ *& & * cos ( *) )ln ( %& + *&+ & * cos ( + *) ) , / & / ln ( % &+ * && *cos (+ * ) )+ ln ( %&+ *&+ & * cos ( * ) ) ] This is the potential of a unit line charge located at #* near a right4angle interior edge! which is e5uivalent to three image charges! two negative ones offset $y plus and minus ?/ degrees! and one positive one offset $y '@/ degrees. This result matches the one found in Aro$lem &.B.

y
)4x'! y'+ - )x'! y'+

x
)4x'! 4y'+ + - )x'! 4y'+