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Remedial Law Review Notes under Atty Ferdinand Tan CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Notes by Paul Lemuel E!

C"ave#

Criminal Procedure Notes Criminal Procedure $ Pro%eedin& in w"i%" t"e state 'rose%utes a 'erson (or an a%t or omission in violation o( 'enal laws) and in %ase o( %onvi%tion) t"e %ourt im'oses t"e 'ro'er 'unis"ment 'rovided (or by 'enal laws

Criminal jurisdiction $ Aut"ority o( t"e %ourt to "ear and try %riminal o((enses and to im'ose 'ro'er 'unis"ment as 'rovided (or by 'enal laws Criminal Procedure T"e +tate 'rose%utes a 'erson (or an a%t or omission 'unis"able by law A 'ro%eedin& w"erein a 'erson is 'rose%uted by t"e +tate (or a%ts or omissions %ommitted in violation o( 'enal laws) and to im'ose t"e %orres'ondin & 'enalty 'rovided (or by 'enal laws ,overned by t"e Revised Rules o( Criminal Pro%edure Ordinary Civil Action A 'arty sues anot"er (or t"e en(or%ement or 'rote%tion o( a ri&"t) or t"e 'revention or redress o( a wron&

'rovided (or in ordinary a%tions s"all be) as (ar as 'ra%ti%able) a''ly su''letory May involve only one 'arty Initiated by 'etition

Special Proceeding s A remedy by w"i%" a 'arty see*s to establis" a status) a ri&"t) or a 'arti%ular (a%t

E0%e't "abeas %or'us) not based on a %ause o( a%tion

Involves t"e +tate a&ainst t"e a%%used Initiated by %om'laint .but (iled in %ourt by In(ormation/ 1ased on an a%t or omission 'unis"able by law

Involves - or more 'arties Initiated by %om'laint

1ased on a %ause o( a%tion

Sources of criminal procedure 2! A3 o( Constitution -! 224$2-5) Rules o( Court 3! Administrative %ir%ulars 6! 1'2-7 8! RA5972 9! RA5294 5! RA7-9:! DO; Cir%ular 54 and 92 .on in<uest/ 7! RA563:$ ri&"ts o( 'ersons arrested or detained 24! Ombudsman Law

,overned by s'e%ial rules) and in t"e absen%e o( s'e%ial 'rovisions) t"e rules

,overned by t"e rules (or ordinary %ivil a%tions

22! RA2949$ +andi&anbayan 2-! RPC A244 23! NCC A32$36) -259

Remedial Law Review Notes under Atty Ferdinand Tan CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Notes by Paul Lemuel E! C"ave#

Constitutional Provisions of Criminal Procedure: A3 +2 No 'erson s"all be de'rived o( li(e) liberty or 'ro'erty wit"out due 'ro%ess o( law) nor s"all any 'erson be denied e<ual 'rote%tion o( t"e laws A3 +- .relate to R2-9) %onstitutional 'rovision/ 223="atiin an&

remain silent and "ave %om'etent and inde'endent %ounsel 're(erably o( "is own %"oi%e I( t"e 'erson %annot a((ord t"e servi%es o( %ounsel) "e must be 'rovided wit" one! T"ese ri&"ts %annot be waived wit"out writin& and wit"out 'resen%e o( %ounsel -! No torture) (or%e) violen%e) t"reat) intimidation) or any ot"er means w"i%" vitiate (ree will s"all be used a&ainst "im! +e%ret detention 'la%es) solitary) in%ommuni%ado) ot"er (orms o( detention are 'ro"ibited

Ri&"t o( 'eo'le to be se%ure in t"eir 'ersons) "omes) 'a'ers and e((e%ts a&ainst unreasonable sear%"es and sei#ures o( w"atever nature and 'ur'ose s"all be inviolable) and no sear%" warrant or warrant o( arrest s"all issue e0%e't u'on 'robable %ause determined 'ersonally by a >ud&e under oat" or a((irmation o( t"e %om'lainant and witnesses "e may 'rodu%e) 'arti%ularly des%ribin& 'la%e to be sear%"ed and 'ersons or t"in&s to be sei#ed A3 +3 2! T"e 'riva%y o( %ommuni%ation and %orres'onden%e s"all be inviolable e0%e't u'on law(ul order o( t"e %ourt) or w"en 'ubli% sa(ety or order re<uires ot"erwise as 'res%ribed by law

3! Any %on(ession or admission obtained in violation o( t"is or +25 t"ereo( s"all be inadmissible in eviden%e a&ainst "im

6! T"e law s"all 'rovide (or 'enal and %ivil san%tions (or violation o( t"is +e%tion as well as %om'ensation to and re"abilitation (or vi%tims o( torture or similar 'ra%ti%es and t"eir (amilies A3 +23 All 'enalties e0%e't t"ose %"ar&ed wit" o((enses 'unis"able by RP w"en eviden%e o( &uilt is stron& s"all) be(ore %onvi%tion) be bailable by su((i%ient sureties or be released on re%o&ni#an%e as may be 'rovided by law! T"e ri&"t to bail s"all not be im'aired even w"en t"e 'rivile&e o( t"e writ o( "abeas %or'us is sus'ended! E0%essive bail s"all not be re<uired! A3 +26 .relate to Rule 228$ ri&"ts o( t"e a%%used/ 2! No 'erson s"all be "eld to answer wit"out due 'ro%ess o( law

-! Any eviden%e obtained in violation o( t"is or t"e 're%edin& se%tion s"all be inadmissible (or any 'ur'ose in any 'ro%eedin& A3 +6 No law s"all be 'assed abrid&in& t"e (reedom o( s'ee%") o( e0'ression) or t"e 'ress) or t"e ri&"t o( t"e 'eo'le 'ea%eably to assemble and 'etition t"e &overnment (or redress o( &rievan%es! A3 +22! Any 'erson under investi&ation (or %ommission o( an o((ense s"all "ave t"e ri&"t to be in(ormed o( t"e ri&"t to

Remedial Law Review Notes under Atty Ferdinand Tan CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Notes by Paul Lemuel E! C"ave#

-! In all %riminal 'ro%eedin&s) a%%used s"all be 'resumed inno%ent unless t"e %ontrary is 'roved .on t"e 'rose%ution to 'rove/) and s"all en>oy t"e ri&"t to

2! no 'erson s"all be detained solely be%ause o( "is 'oliti%al belie(s and as'irations

a! be "eard by "imsel( or "is %ounsel)

-! no involuntary servitude in any (orm s"all e0ist e0%e't as 'unis"ment (or t"e %rime w"ereo() t"e 'arty s"all "ave been duly served

b! be in(ormed o( t"e nature and %ause o( t"e a%%usation a&ainst "im

A3 +-4 No 'erson s"all be im'risoned (or non 'ayment o( debt or (or 'oll ta0 A3 +-2 No 'erson s"all be twi%e 'ut in >eo'ardy (or 'unis"ment (or t"e same o((ense! I( an a%t is 'enali#ed by law and an ordinan%e) %onvi%tion or a%<uittal under eit"er s"all %onstitute as bar to anot"er 'rose%ution (or t"e same a%t A3 +-No e0 'ost (a%to law or bill o( attainder s"all be ena%ted NOTE <uestions on %riminal 'ro%edure and t"e %onstitutional 'rovisions %an a''ear in %riminal law) 'oliti%al law) or remedial law

%!

"ave s'eedy) im'artial) 'ubli% trial

d! meet wit" witnesses (a%e to (a%e

e! "ave %om'ulsory 'ro%ess to se%ure attendan%e o( witness and 'rodu%tion o( eviden%e in "is be"al( ?owever) a(ter arrai&nment) trial may 'ro%eed notwit"standin& t"e absen%e o( t"e a%%used) 'rovided "e "as been duly noti(ied and "is (ailure to a''ear is un>usti(iable! A3 +29 All 'ersons s"all "ave t"e ri&"t to s'eedy dis'osition o( %ases be(ore all >udi%ial) <uasi >udi%ial) administrative bodies A3 +25 No 'erson s"all be %om'elled to be a witness a&ainst "imsel( .NOTE a''lies only to testimonial eviden%e/ A3 +2:

Jurisdiction with respect to criminal cases Supreme Court E0%lusive ori&inal .:$8$2/ 2! %ases a((e%tin& ambassadors) 'ubli% ministers) %onsuls -! 'etitions (or C M P @A ?C a&ainst CA) +andi&anbayan

Remedial Law Review Notes under Atty Ferdinand Tan CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Notes by Paul Lemuel E! C"ave#

E0%usive a''ellate .:$8$-/$ on a''eal .R68/ or on %ertiorari .R98/ w"en >urisdi%tion o( lower %ourt is in issue 2! all %ases in w"i%" >urisdi%tion o( lower %ourt is at issue -! all %riminal %ases w"ere im'osed is RP or "i&"er 'enalty

-! From RTC in %ases a''ealed t"ereto (rom LCs and not a''ealable to +andi&anbayan

Sandiganbayan 2! Involves 'ubli% o((i%ers wit" salary &rade -5 or "i&"er) w"et"er or not wit" 'rivate indivs .latter) in %ase o( bein& %o 'rin%i'als) a%%om'li%es) a%%essories) is also %overed by >urisdi%tion o( +andi&anbayan/ Over t"e (ollowin& %ases $ RA3427 .Anti Pra%ti%es A%t/ ,ra(t and Corru't

3! all %ases w"ere only error or <uestion o( law is involved 6! RTC de%isions) w"ere 'enalty is RP or LI) involvin& ot"er o((enses w"i%") t"ou&" not so 'unis"ed) arose out o( same o%%urren%e or w"i%" may "ave been %ommitted by a%%used on t"e same o%%asion 8! Automati% review in %riminal %ases w"ere deat" 'enalty is im'osed 9! Petition (or review on %ertiorari o( CA) +andi&anbayan) +C de%isions) w"ere only <uestions o( law are involved

For(eiture in (avour o( state 'ro'erties unlaw(ully ta*en by 'ubli% o((i%ers Dire%t 1ribery Indire%t 1ribery @uali(ied 1ribery Corru'tion o( Publi% O((i%ials Plunder AMLA

$ $ $

CA E0%lusive ori&inal 2! A%tion (or annulment o( >ud&ments o( RTCs Con%urrent 2! Ait" +C$ C M +andi&anbayan P @A ?C vs

$ $ $

-! O((enses sim'le or %om'le0ed) %ommitted by o((i%ers salary &rade -5 or "i&"er O((i%ers %overedB 2! O((i%ers o( e0e%utive bran%" +al ,r -5 or "i&"er -! Provin%ial ,) C,) +an&&unian& Panlalawi&an) Provin%ial Treasurers) Assessors) En&ineers) ot"er 'rovin%ial de'artment "eads

-! Ait" +C and RTC$ C M P a&ainst lower %ourts E0%lusive a''ellate 1y way o( a''eal 2! From RTC in %ases %ommen%ed t"erein e0%e't t"ose a''ealable to +C or +andi&anbayan

Remedial Law Review Notes under Atty Ferdinand Tan CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Notes by Paul Lemuel E! C"ave#

3! M) CM) +an&&unian& 'an&lun&sod) treasurer) assessors) en&ineers) ot"er %ity de'artment "eads 6! O((i%ers o( di'lomati% servi%e) %onsul &eneral or "i&"er 8! P"il Army and Air For%e Cols) Naval Ca't) O((i%ers o( ?i&"er Ran* 9! O((i%ers o( PNP w"ile o%%u'yin& 'osition o( 'rovin%ial dire%tor) senior su'erintendent) or "i&"er 5! City or 'rovin%ial 'rose%utors and t"eir assistants) o((i%ers and 'rose%utors in O((i%e o( t"e Ombudsman and +'e%ial Prose%utors :! President) Dire%tor) Trustee) Mana&er o( ,OCCs) +tate Universities) Edu%ational Institutions and Foundations 7! Members o( ;udi%iary wit"out 're>udi%e to Constitutional Provisions 24! Members o( Con&ress) O((i%ials +alary ,rade -5 or ?i&"er 22! C"airmen and Members o( Constitutional Commissions wit"out 're>udi%e to %onstitutional 'rovisions +o) i( lower t"an salary &r -5) %onsider t"e 'enalty Penalty D 9 y$ RTC Penalty E 9 y$ MTC Provision o( Rule 62$6-) i( %ase involves +, -5 or "i&"er) a''ealF'etition (or review to +andi&anbayan

Con%urrent Ori&inal Certiorari) Mandamus) Pro"ibition wit" +C) RTC) CA

A''ellate ;urisdi%tion 2! 1y ordinary a''eal$ de%isions o( RTC in e0er%ise o( ori&inal >urisdi%tion) w"en +, -9 or lower) 'enalty D 9y -! 1y 'etition (or review$ de%isions o( RTC in e0er%ise o( a''ellate >urisdi%tion) w"en +, -9 or lower) 'enalty E 9y

!"C E0%lusive Ori&inal 2! All %rimes) 'enalty o( w"i%" is "i&"er t"an 9 years im'risonment -! All %ases not wit"in e0%lusive >urisdi%tion o( any %ourt) tribunal) body 3! ;urisdi%tion over %om'le0 %rime) over t"e w"ole) lod&ed wit" RTC "avin& >urisdi%tion to im'ose ma0imum and most severe 'enalty im'osable on an o((ense (ormin& %om'le0 %rime 6! Libel %ases 8! Ciolation o( CDDA -449! O((enses under +andi&anbayan >urisdi%tion but %ommitted by 'ubli% o((i%er) +, -9 and lower) 'rivate individuals as %o 'rin%i'als) a%%om'li%es) a%%essories) im'risonment is "i&"er t"an 9 years Family Court ;urisdi%tion 2! A%%used lower t"an 2: not under 28 .;uvenile ;usti%e A%t/ or w"ere one or more o( t"e vi%tims is a minor at t"e time o( %ommission o( t"e %rime

Can the Sandiganbayan try civil cases GE+) in %ase o( ill &otten wealt") re%overy o( w"i%" would be %ivil liability arisin& (rom t"e %riminal a%t

Remedial Law Review Notes under Atty Ferdinand Tan CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Notes by Paul Lemuel E! C"ave#

-! Minor is a%%used in violation o( CDDA -443! Ciolation o( Anti C"ild Abuse Law 6! Cases o( violation o( RA7-9A''ellate >urisdi%tion 2! All %ases de%ided by lower %ourts in e0er%ise o( res'e%tive territorial >urisdi%tion

8! O((enses involvin& dama&e to 'ro'erty t"rou&" %riminal ne&li&en%e) not e0%eedin& 24* 9! Cases o( 1P-Note in summary 'ro%eedin&s) su%" as in %ase o( 1P--) no warrant o( arrest s"all be issued EHCEPT in %ase t"e a%%used was duly noti(ied) but (ailed to a''ear in t"e summary 'ro%eedin&s 1P--$ usually 'unis"ed by FINE .0- t"e amount in t"e %"e%*) or t"e >ud&e may im'ose t"e 'ro'er 'enalty

#"C E0%lusive Ori&inal ;urisdi%tion) Ordinary Criminal Cases 2! O((enses 'unis"able by im'risonment o( not more t"an 9 years) irres'e%tive o( amount o( (ine) re&ardless o( ot"er im'osable a%%essory or ot"er 'enalties in%ludin& %ivil liability arisin& (rom su%" o((enses or 'redi%ated t"ereon -! O((enses involvin& dama&e to 'ro'erty t"rou&" %riminal ne&li&en%e) value e0%eedin& 24* 3! All o((enses under +andi&anbayan ;urisdi%tion %ommitted by 'ubli% o((i%er and em'loyees) and by 'rivate indivs %"ar&ed as %o 'rin%i'als) a%%om'li%es) a%%essories) im'risonment E 9y) +, -9 and lower 6! Crimes 'unis"able by destierro +ummary Pro%edure 2! Tra((i% violations -! Ciolations o( rental law 3! Ciolation o( %ity or muni%i'al ordinan%es 6! All ot"er o((enses 'unis"able by im'risonment not e0%eedin& 9 mont"s and or (ine not e0%eedin& 2* irres'e%tive o( ot"er 'enalties or %ivil liabilities arisin& t"ere(rom

$atarungang Pambarangay ,eneral rule No %om'laint) 'etition) a%tion involvin& any matter wit"in aut"ority o( Lu'on s"all be (iled or instituted dire%tly in any %ourt or in ot"er &overnment o((i%e (or ad>udi%ation unless t"ere is %on(rontation between t"e 'arties be(ore t"e Lu'on C"airman or Pan&*at) and t"at no %on%iliation or settlement "as been rea%"ed as %erti(ied by Lu'on or Pan&*at C"air E0%e'tions 2! O((enses 'unis"able by im'risonment "i&"er t"an 2 year) (ine "i&"er t"an 8* -! O((enses w"ere t"ere is no 'rivate o((ended 'arty 3! Dis'ute involves real 'ro'erties lo%ated in di((erent %ities or muni%i'alities unless 'arties t"ereto a&ree to submit t"eir di((eren%es be(ore a''ro'riate Lu'on 6! Dis'ute involvin& 'arties w"o a%tually reside in baran&ays o( di((erent %ities or muni%i'alities e0%e't w"ere su%" baran&ay units ad>oin ea%" ot"er and 'arties a&ree to submit di((eren%es to ami%able settlement be(ore a''ro'riate Lu'on 8! Ot"er %lasses o( dis'utes w"i%" President may determine in t"e interest

Remedial Law Review Notes under Atty Ferdinand Tan CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Notes by Paul Lemuel E! C"ave#

o( >usti%e or u'on re%ommendation o( DO; +e% 9! A"en a%%used is under detention 5! Person de'rived o( liberty %allin& (or ?C 'ro%eedin&s :! A"en a%tion already 'res%ribed 7! Dis'utes involvin& traditions indi&enous %ultural %ommunities o(

NOTE s'e%i(i% &round (or motion to <uas"$ t"at t"e %ourt "as no >urisdi%tion over t"e o((ense %"ar&ed .NECER RAI+E IMPROPER CENUE) T?ERE I+ NO +U1;ECT MATTER ?ERE/ NOTE never (ile motion to dismiss on t"e &round In %riminal 'ro%edure) Cenue is ;urisdi%tional) unli*e in %ivil 'ro%edure E((e%t o( non %om'lian%e Con%iliation Pro%eedin&s $ wit" 1aran&ay

%#PO!"ANC& O' $NO(%N) J*!%S+%C"%ON: A"en %om'laint or in(ormation is (iled wit" t"e wron& %ourt) remedy File MOTION TO @UA+? .Rule 225/ on t"e &round t"at T?E COURT TRGIN, T?E CA+E ?A+ NO ;URI+DICTION OCER T?E OFFEN+E C?AR,ED .+3/ ,ranted) remedy $ File new %om'laint or in(ormation) be%ause an order sustainin& a motion to <uas" is not a bar to anot"er 'rose%ution (or t"e same o((ense .unless t"e motion is based on 3& and 3i o( t"is Rule/ I .R225 +9/ o File Amended in(ormation %om'laint or

NOT A ,ROUND (or motion to dismiss on t"e &round o( non %om'lian%e wit" %ondition 're%edent Court may ta*e %o&ni#an%e o( t"e %ase but re(er t"e same ba%* to t"e 1aran&ay

,enue of Criminal Cases: R224 +28 2! +ub>e%t to e0istin& laws) t"e %riminal a%tion s"all be instituted and tried in t"e %ourt o( t"e muni%i'ality or territory a! w"ere t"e o((ense was %ommitted or w"ere any o( its essential in&redients o%%urred

Denied) remedy - 'ossible s%enarios 2! Pro%eed wit" arrai&nment and trial) and in %ase o( adverse de%ision) (ile an a''eal assi&nin& as error t"e denial o( t"e motion to <uas" -! I( t"e denial o( t"e motion to <uas" is tainted wit" &rave abuse o( dis%retion amountin& to la%* or e0%ess o( >urisdi%tion) (ile 'etition (or %ertiorari wit" tem'orary restrainin& order .+2 R62 in relation to +6 R98/

-! A"ere an o((ense is %ommitted in a train) air%ra(t) or ot"er 'ubli% or 'rivate ve"i%le in t"e %ourse o( its tri') t"e %riminal a%tion s"all be instituted and tried in a! t"e %ourt o( t"e muni%i'ality or territory w"ere said train) air%ra(t) or ot"er ve"i%le 'assed durin& its tri' in%ludin& t"e 'la%e o( de'arture and arrival

Remedial Law Review Notes under Atty Ferdinand Tan CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Notes by Paul Lemuel E! C"ave#

3! A"ere an o((ense is %ommitted on board a vessel in t"e %ourse o( its voya&e) t"e %riminal a%tion s"all be instituted and tried in a! t"e %ourt o( t"e (irst 'ort o( entry or b! at any muni%i'ality or territory w"ere t"e vessel 'assed durin& su%" voya&e) sub>e%t to &enerally a%%e'ted 'rin%i'les o( international law

A"ere t"e 'rivate o((ended 'arty is residin& at t"e time o( t"e ille&al re%ruitment o At ele%tion %om'lainantF'rivate 'arty o( o((ended

Libel $ $ A"ere t"e arti%le was (irst 'ublis"ed In %ase o( 'ubli% o((i%ers) w"ere "oldin& o((i%e In %ase o( 'rivate individual) w"ere 'rivate o((ended 'arty resides

$ 6! Crimes %ommitted outside o( t"e P"ils but 'unis"able under A- o( RPC s"all be %o&ni#able by t"e %ourt a! w"ere t"e %riminal a%tion is (irst (iled +tate t"ose 'unis"able under A- o( RPC 2! %ommission o( o((ense P"ili''ine s"i' or airs"i' w"ile on

PRELIMINARG MATTER+ TO REMEM1ER (ho may action R224 +8 All %riminal a%tions %ommen%ed by %om'laint or in(ormation s"all be 'rose%uted $ under t"e dire%tion and %ontrol o( t"e 'ubli% 'rose%utor institute-commence criminal

-! (or&in& or %ounter(eitin& any %oin or %urren%y note o( t"e P"ili''ines or obli&ations and se%urities issued by ,overnment o( t"e P"ils 3! w"ile bein& 'ubli% o((i%ers or em'loyees) s"all %ommit an o((ense in t"e e0er%ise o( t"eir (un%tions 6! %ommit any o( t"e %rimes a&ainst national se%urity and t"e law o( nations Crime %ommitted in t"e "i&" seas) w"ere t"e vessel is re&istered

2! In %ase o( "eavy wor* s%"edule o( t"e 'ubli% 'rose%utor or -! in t"e event 'rose%utors) o( la%* o( 'ubli%

t"e 'rivate 'rose%utor may be aut"ori#ed in writin& by t"e C"ie( o( t"e Prose%ution O((i%e or t"e Re&ional +tate Prose%utor to 'rose%ute t"e %ase sub>e%t to t"e a''roval o( t"e %ourt On%e so aut"ori#ed to 'rose%ute t"e %riminal a%tion) t"e 'rivate 'rose%utor s"all %ontinue to 'rose%ute t"e %ase u' to t"e end o( t"e trial even in t"e absen%e o( a 'ubli% 'rose%utor) $ unless t"e aut"ority is revo*ed or ot"erwise wit"drawn

8! In %ase o( %ontinuin& %rimes) su%" as Ille&al Re%ruitment $ A"ere t"e %ommitted ille&al re%ruitment was

Remedial Law Review Notes under Atty Ferdinand Tan CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Notes by Paul Lemuel E! C"ave#

P*./%C C!%#& In>ured 'arty wit"out %ontrol over %riminal liability) res'onsibility o( o((endin& 'erson

P!%,A"& C!%#& In>ured 'arty wit" %ontrol over %riminal liability) res'onsibility o( o((endin& 'erson Crimes %overed 2! sedu%tion -! abdu%tion 3! a%ts o( las%iviousness 6! adultery 8! %on%ubina&e

I( o((ended 'arty dies or be%omes in%a'a%itated be(ore s"e %an (ile t"e %om'laint) and s"e "as no *nown 'arents) 3! t"e state s"all initiate t"e %riminal a%tion in "er be"al( T"e offended party) even i( a minor) "as t"e ri&"t to institute t"e 'rose%ution o( t"e o((enses o( abdu%tion) sedu%tion) a%ts o( las%iviousness inde'endently o( "er 'arents) &rand'arents or &uardian unless s"e is in%a'able o( doin& so! A"ere t"e offended party w"o is a minor (ails to (ile t"e %om'laint) "er parents) grandparents) guardian may (ile t"e same! T"e ri&"t to (ile t"e a%tion &ranted to 'arents) &rand'arents) or &uardian s"all be e3clusive of all other persons and s"all be e3ercised successively in the order herein provided) e3cept as stated in the preceding paragraph2 No %riminal a%tion (or de(amation w"i%" %onsists in t"e im'utation o( any o( t"e o((enses mentioned above s"all be brou&"t e0%e't at t"e instan%e o( and u'on %om'laint (iled by t"e o((ended 'arty!

PRO+ECUTION OF PRICATE CRIME+ .R224 +8/ Prosecution of concubinage: crimes of adultery or

T"e %rimes o( adultery or %on%ubina&e s"all not be 'rose%uted e0%e't $ u'on a %om'laint (iled by the offended spouse

T"e o((ender 'arty %annot institute %riminal 'rose%ution wit"out including the guilty parties) i( bot" are alive) nor in any %ase) i( t"e o((ended 'arty "as %onsented to t"e o((ense or "as 'ardoned t"e o((enders!

Complaint .Criminal Complaint) NOT a((idavit o( %om'laint/ R224 +3

Prosecution of seduction0 abduction0 acts of lasciviousness: T"e o((enses o( sedu%tion) abdu%tion) a%ts o( las%iviousness s"all not be 'rose%uted e0%e't u'on a %om'laint (iled by t"e 12 offended party -! her parents) guardian grandparents) or

A sworn written statement $ $ %"ar&in& a 'erson wit" an o((ense) subs%ribed by o o o o((ended 'arty any 'ea%e o((i%er ot"er 'ubli% o((i%er %"ar&ed wit" en(or%ement o( t"e law violated

nor in any %ase) i( t"e o((ender "as been e0'ressly 'ardoned by any o( t"em!

Criminal %nformation R224 +6

Remedial Law Review Notes under Atty Ferdinand Tan CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Notes by Paul Lemuel E! C"ave#

An a%%usation in writin& %"ar&in& a 'erson wit" an o((ense) subs%ribed by t"e 'rose%utor) and (iled wit" t"e %ourt!

.O'tional/$ re>oinder a((idavit

P!O.A./& CA*S& $ (a%ts and %ir%umstan%es w"i%" would lead a reasonably dis%reet and 'rudent man to believe t"at an o((ense "as been %ommitted and t"at t"e ob>e%ts sou&"t in %onne%tion wit" t"e o((ense are in t"e 'la%e sou&"t to be sear%"ed

Note 'a &an& %lient "indi marunon& ma& En&lis") donKt write t"e a((idavit o( %om'laint or t"e %om'laint$a((idavit in En&lis" .sinum'aan& salaysay La((idavit o( %om'laintM) *ontra salaysay L%ounter$a((idavitM/

(%"4 "4& C%"5 P!OS&C*"O! OR +%!&C"/5 (%"4 #"C - #C"C

CO##&NC&#&N" O' C!%#%NA/ AC"%ON %2 (%"4 "4& .A!AN)A5

Rule 224 +2 AFFIDAVIT OF COMPLAINT (sinumpaang salaysay) CRIMINAL COMPLAINT (R110 S3) For o((enses w"ere a 'reliminary investi&ation is re<uired 'ursuant to +2 o( Rule 22-) by (ilin& t"e complaint wit" t"e 'ro'er o((i%er (or t"e 'ur'ose o( %ondu%tin& t"e re<uisite 'reliminary investi&ation For all ot"er o((enses) by (ilin& t"e complaint or in(ormation directly with the #"C or #C"C ) or t"e %om'laint wit" t"e o((i%e o( t"e 'rose%utor! %n #anila and other chartered cities0 the complaint shall be filed in the Office of the Prosecutor0 unless ot"erwise 'rovided in t"eir %"arters T"e Institution o( t"e %riminal a%tion s"all interru't t"e 'eriod o( 'res%ri'tion o( t"e o((ense %"ar&ed) unless ot"erwise 'rovided in t"eir C"arters!

Penalty is 2 year) (ine is 2J .i( e0%eedin&) t"en not sub>e%t to 1aran&ay Con%iliation/ $ I( no ami%able settlement) (ile AFFIDACIT OF COMPLAINT .sinum'aan& salaysay/ wit" t"e 1aran&ay) alle&in& a%ts or omissions 'unis"able under 'enal laws

T"e baran&ay will dismiss i( t"ere is no 'robable %ause)

1UT i( wit" 'robable %ause) 1aran&ay will issue sub'oena

Ait"in 24 days a(ter issuan%e o( sub'oena) res'ondent will be re<uired to submit %ounter$a((idavit

Com'lainant will be re<uired to (ile a re'ly wit"in 24 days a(ter submission re%ei't o( %ounter$a((idavit

Dir !" Filing #$ "% Criminal C#mplain" #r in$#rma"i#n &i"% MTC i$ p nal"y is l ss "%an ' y ars ( m#n"%s an) 1 )ay (#*+i#usly, un) r MTC -uris)i!"i#n, * !aus l ss "%an . y ars)

24

Remedial Law Review Notes under Atty Ferdinand Tan CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Notes by Paul Lemuel E! C"ave#

$ %%2 (%"4 "4& C%"5 P!OS&C*"O! O! O#.*+S#AN

An in<uiry or 'ro%eedin& to determine w"et"er o t"ere is su((i%ient &round to en&ender a well (ounded belie( t"at a %rime "as been %ommitted and t"e res'ondent is 'robably &uilty t"ereo( and s"ould be "eld (or trial Re<uired i( t"e 'enalty im'osable is at least 6 5&A!S 7 #ON"4S AN+ 1 +A5 .E0%e't in %ase o( warrantless arrest) w"ere in<uest would be re<uired/

RULE+ !! For o((enses w"ere a 'reliminary investi&ation is re<uired 'ursuant to +2 o( Rule 22-) by (ilin& t"e affidavit of complaint wit" t"e 'ro'er o((i%er (or t"e 'ur'ose o( %ondu%tin& t"e re<uisite 'reliminary investi&ation $ R22- +2 P-$ E0%e't as 'rovided (or in R22- +9 .New Rules o( Court) -44:/) Preliminary investi&ation is re<uired be(ore t"e (ilin& o( t"e %riminal %om'laint or in(ormation (or an o((ense w"ere t"e 'enalty 'res%ribed by law is at least 6 y 7 mos 1 day wit"out re&ard to t"e (ine Preliminary investi&ation is a matter o( ri&"tv .EHCEPT in Manila and ot"er %"artered %ities/) and is one way o( (ilin& a %riminal a%tion

IF) t"e 'enalty im'osed is less t"an 6 y - mos 2 day) $ ,eneral rule) investi&ation no 'reliminary

(ho may conduct %N,&S"%)A"%ON

P!&/%#%NA!5

R22- +- as amended by AM 8$:$-9$+C) O%t 3) -448 T"e (ollowin& Investi&ation may %ondu%t Preliminary

EHCEPT .R224 +2 3rd 'ar/=w"i%" re<uires 'reliminary investi&ation

!!%n #anila and other chartered cities0 the complaint shall be filed in the Office of the Prosecutor0 unless ot"erwise 'rovided in t"eir %"arters C"artered Cities $ $ Cebu Davao

2! Provin%ial and City Prose%utors and t"eir assistants

-! National and Re&ional Prose%utors and t"eir assistants

+tate

82 Other officers as may be authori9ed by law :(4O ;

P!&/%#%NA!5 %N,&S"%)A"%ON P!&/%#%NA!5 %N,&S"%)A"%ON: .R22- +2 P2/

Ombudsman or its de'uties or assistants) +'e%ial Prose%utor) ot"er o((i%ers aut"ori#ed by Ombudsman

22

Remedial Law Review Notes under Atty Ferdinand Tan CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Notes by Paul Lemuel E! C"ave#

COMELEC .in %ase o( ele%tion$related %rimes/

and do%uments) res'ondent s"all submit "is CO*N"&! A''%+A,%" and t"at o( t"e witnesses and ot"er su''ortin& do%ument

PC,,

NOTE t"at AM 8$:$-9 Removed t"e 'rovision >ud&es o( MTCs) "en%e) >ud&es o( MTCs %an no lon&er %ondu%t 'reliminary investi&ation!

6! IF res'ondent %annot be sub'oenaed or i( sub'oenaed) does not submit %ounter a((idavits wit"in t"e 24 day 'eriod) t"e investi&atin& o((i%er s"all resolve the complaint based on the evidence presented by the complainant

Procedure before the City Prosecutor :same process if before the Ombudsman; Preliminary %nvestigation Proper: .R22- in relation to R224/ +3 R222! A''%+A,%" O' CO#P/A%N"$ Com'lainant s"all state address o( res'ondent and s"all be a%%om'anied by a((idavits o( %om'lainant and "is witnesses as well as ot"er su''ortin& do%uments to establis" 'robable %ause

8! Ait"in 24 days (rom submission o( t"e %ounter a((idavit by res'ondent) %om'lainant s"all submit a !&P/5 A''%+A,%"

9! .o'tional/$ !&JO%N+&! A''%+A,%"

-! Ait"in 24 days a(ter (ilin& o( t"e %om'laint) t"e investi&atin& o((i%er s"all EIT?ER

5! Investi&atin& o((i%er may set a hearing i( t"ere are (a%ts and issues to be %lari(ied (rom a 'arty or witness! T"e 'arties %an be 'resent at a "earin& but wit"out ri&"t to e0amine or to %ross e0amine) but may) "owever) submit to t"e investi&atin& o((i%er <uestions w"i%" may be as*ed to t"e 'arty or witness %on%erned ?earin& s"all be "eld 24 days (rom submission o( t"e %ounter$a((idavits and ot"er do%uments OR (rom t"e e0'iration o( t"e 'eriod (or t"eir submission) and s"all be terminated wit"in 8 days! :! Ait"in 24 days a(ter t"e investi&ation) t"e investi&atin& o((i%er shall determine whether or not there is sufficient ground to hold respondent for trial

Dismiss it i( "e (inds no &round to %ontinue wit" t"e investi&ation OR

Issue S*.PO&NA to t"e res'ondent atta%"in& to it a %o'y o( t"e %om'laint and its su''ortin& a((idavits

3! Ait"in 24 days (rom re%ei't o( sub'oena wit" t"e %om'laint) su''ortin& a((idavits

UPON RE+OLUTION by t"e investi&atin& 'rose%utor) as under +6 o( R22-) w"at are t"e

2-

Remedial Law Review Notes under Atty Ferdinand Tan CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Notes by Paul Lemuel E! C"ave#

%orres'ondin& remedies in %ase o( adverse resolutionB 2! MOTION FOR RECON+IDERATION be(ore t"e INCE+TI,ATIN, PRO+ECUTOR .DO; AM 683/ wit"in 24 days (rom re%ei't o( adverse de%ision +enied0 -! PETITION FOR RECIEA be(ore t"e DO; +ECRETARG .DO; Cir%ular 54/ wit"in 28 days (rom re%ei't o( noti%e o( denial +enied0 3! MOTION FOR RECON+IDERATION be(ore t"e DO; +ECRETARG wit"in 28 days (rom re%ei't o( noti%e o( denial +enied0 +tate Prose%utor rendered De%ision on t"e Preliminary Investi&ation +enied0 A''eal to DO; +e%retary .T"en (ollow 're%edin& remedies/

Re&ional +tate Prose%utor rendered de%ision) +enied0 A''eal to Provin%ial Prose%utor +enied0

7 scenarios:

A''eal to DO; +e%retary .t"en (ollow 're%edin& remedies/

%'0 NON .A%/A./& O''&NS& Petition for review to Office of President AIT?IN 28 DAG+ (rom re%ei't o( denial .AM 8:/ Denied) #otion for reconsideration be(ore t"e Office of the President wit"in 28 days (rom re%ei't o( t"e adverse de%ision Denied) Petition for review be(ore t"e CA wit"in 28 days (rom noti%e o( t"e >ud&ment .Rule 63/ Denied)

%'0 .A%/A./& O''&NS& Certiorari be(ore CA wit"in 94 days (rom re%ei't o( noti%e o( denial o( t"e motion (or re%onsideration .Rule 98/ A?GB 1e%ause no a''eal nor 'lain) s'eedy) ade<uate remedy is available in t"e ordinary %ourse o( law Denied) #otion for reconsideration be(ore CA wit"in 28 days under Rule 8Denied) Petition for review on certiorari be(ore SC .Rule 68/ Denied)

NOTE Even i( 'endin& 'etition (or review be(ore t"e DO; +e%retary) t"e %riminal in(ormation %an still be (iledNNN DO; Cir%ular 54) in relation to Rule 229 +e%tion 6) t"e latter 'rovidin& t"at w"en a%%used 'leads &uilty to a non %a'ital eviden%e) t"e %ourt may re%eive eviden%e (rom t"e 'arties to determine t"e 'enalty to be im'osed) it 'rovides (or t"e remedy o( $ Filin& a motion to sus'end 'ro%eedin&s

#otion for reconsideration be(ore t"e CA wit"in 28 days .Rule 8-/ Denied) Petition for review certiorari be(ore t"e .Rule 68/ on SC

#otion for reconsideration be(ore SC .Rule 8-/

A?GB 1e%ause on%e t"e a%%used is arrai&ned) t"e %ourt a%<uires >urisdi%tion over t"e %ase) and all remedies would be%ome moot and a%ademi% .+O) wa& *a na 'a'aabot sa arrai&nment!! tira"in mo na a&ad *a"it may in(ormation na a&ad sayo) *esa umabot *a sa arrai&nment/

23

Remedial Law Review Notes under Atty Ferdinand Tan CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Notes by Paul Lemuel E! C"ave#

.1e%ause on%e t"e motion to sus'end is (iled) t"e matter is dis%retionary u'on t"e %ourt/

%' the prosecutor<s decision is reversed0 File motion to wit"draw in(ormation$ it is an e0er%ise o( dis%retion) su%" matter is still wit"in t"e %ontrol o( t"e %ourt .Cres'o vs Mo&ul/

;ud&e would ma*e inde'endent (indin&s wit" res'e%t to determination o( e0isten%e o( 'robable %ause I( t"ere is NONE) t"en t"e motion to wit"draw t"e in(ormation s"ould be &ranted I( t"ere is motion to wit"draw t"e in(ormation is denied) $ T"e denial is interlo%utory .R62 +2) R98 +6/) "en%e)

File motion (or re%onsideration) t"en) 'etition (or %ertiorari under Rule 98 Can preliminary investigation be the subject of injunction Preliminary %nvestigation before the Ombudsman
Administrative Note +e%tion 26 o( t"e Law %reatin& t"ecase O((i%e o( t"e Ombudsman was de%lared File petition for un%onstitutional review be(ore CA

,eneral Rule NO E0%e'tions 2! A"en 're>udi%ial to t"e ri&"ts o( t"e a%%used

.see same 'ro%esses (or 'reliminary 1asis Enumeration investi&ation) but remedies would di((er/
under Rule 63 is not Criminal case Com'laint be(ore o((i%e e0%lusive o( Ombudsman) resolution was made) adverse de%ision) File petition for +enied0remedy

under Rule 63

-! A"en t"ere is need (or 'rote%tin& t"e Constitutional ri&"ts o( t"e a%%used

$ SC .Rule File 98/ MOTION FOR #6! be(ore CA .Rule 8-/ RECON+IDERATION o( t"e de%ision 1e%ause t"e O((i%e wit"in 8 days (rom noti%e .Estrada vs o( t"e Ombudsman +enied0 is Desierto/ a Constitutional
Petition for review 1ody) no a''eal or +enied0on %ertiorari be(ore ot"er 'lain) s'eedy) SC .Rule 68/ ade<uate remedy is available 7 scenarios: +enied0 #otion for reconsideration be(ore SC .Rule 8-/

certiorari be(ore t"e

3! To Prevent t"e lon& arm o( t"e law (rom bein& vindi%tive

6! A"en 're>udi%ial <uestion is involved in t"e %ase

26

Remedial Law Review Notes under Atty Ferdinand Tan CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Notes by Paul Lemuel E! C"ave#

Di((erentiate Com'laint (rom In(ormation 8! In %ase o( %riminal 'rose%ution under an invalid law CO#P/A%N" +worn written statement %"ar&in& a 'erson wit" an o((ense +ubs%ribed by o((ended 'arty) any 'ea%e o((i%er) ot"er 'ubli% o((i%er %"ar&ed wit" en(or%ement o( t"e law violated Filed wit" t"e %ourt or wit" t"e 'rose%utorKs o((i%e must be made under oat" Usually re(ers to 'rivate %rimes Di((erentiate A((idavit Criminal Com'laint A''%+A,%" O' CO#P/A%N" Filed by o((ended 'arty Title Com'lainant vs Res'ondent %N'O!#A"%ON A%%usation in writin& %"ar&in& a 'erson wit" an o((ense +ubs%ribed by 'rose%utor

(hen person is deprived of his right to preliminary investigation0 what are his remedies 12 4e can refuse to enter his plea upon arraignment0 or object to such further proceedings

Filed wit" t"e %ourt Need not be under oat" Usually re(erred to 'ubli% %rimes o( Com'laint (rom

-! 4e can file a motion to conduct preliminary investigation .'reliminary investi&ation as a matter o( ri&"t) 'enalty is "i&"er t"an 6 y - mos 2 day/ IF O- DENIED) %ertiorari under Rule 98 is t"e 'ro'er remedy) on t"e &round o( violation o( ri&"t to due 'ro%ess 3! P'ro%eed wit" trial) and in %ase o( adverse de%ision) raise la%* o( 'reliminary investi&ation as error on a''eal

C!%#%NA/ CO#P/A%N" Filed by o((ended 'arty) 'ea%e o((i%er) or 'rose%utor Title Peo'le vs A%%used

6! P"e %an (ile (or 'ro"ibition under Rule 98

.!!Im not sure i( Criminal Com'laint and Criminal In(ormation are one and t"e same!!/

NOTE T?AT de'rival o( t"e ri&"t to 'reliminary investi&ation is NOT A ,ROUND FOR MOTION TO @UA+?N

.As to su%%ession o( t"e 'ro%edure under III) it will be dis%ussed later on a(ter QIC and C) Commen%ement o( Criminal a%tionR/

%%%2

+%!&C" '%/%N) O' "4& CO#P/A%N" O! %N'O!#A"%ON (%"4 "4& #"C

%,2

(A!!AN"/&SS A!!&S"

Note Rule 223 +e%tion 8 in relation to RA 563: .ri&"t o( 'ersons arrested or detained/ R223 +8

A"en t"e 'enalty is less t"an 6 years mont"s and 2 day) not in Metro Manila or ot"er %"artered %ities .Rule 224 +2/

A 'ea%e o((i%er or a 'rivate 'erson may) wit"out warrant) arrest a 'erson

28

Remedial Law Review Notes under Atty Ferdinand Tan CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Notes by Paul Lemuel E! C"ave#

A"en in "is 'resen%e) t"e 'erson to be arrested "as %ommitted) is a%tually %ommittin&) or is attem'tin& to %ommit an o((ense

wit"out writin& and wit"out 'resen%e o( %ounsel

A"en an o((ense "as >ust been %ommitted and "e "as 'robable %ause to believe based on 'ersonal *nowled&e o( (a%ts or %ir%umstan%es t"at t"e 'erson to be arrested "as %ommitted it

NOTE T"e 'ro%edures involved "ere may also a''ly to search incidental to a lawful arrest .R2-9 +23/) w"i%" is de(ined as (ollows $ A 'erson law(ully arrested may be sear%"ed (or dan&erous wea'ons or anyt"in& w"i%" may "ave been used or %onstitute 'roo( in t"e %ommission o( an o((ense wit"out a sear%" warrant

A"en t"e 'erson to be arrested is a 'risoner w"o "as es%a'ed (rom a 'enal establis"ment or 'la%e w"ere "e is servin& (inal >ud&ment) or is tem'orarily %on(ined w"ile "is %ase is 'endin&) or "as es%a'ed w"ile bein& trans(erred (rom one %on(inement to anot"er

Te%"ni%ally) warrantless arrest din an& involved) ?OAECER) in (la&rante deli%to "inuli) e 'ano *un& may 'ana*sa* 'ala) tira"in an& arrestin& o((i%erN ?en%e) >usti(ied!! ONCE ARRE+TED) +EARC?ED) AND INCRIMINATIN, ECIDENCE AA+ +EISED) T"e arti%le sei#ed would be %on(is%ated ?OAECER) I( t"ere was no law(ul or valid arrest) it (ollows t"ere t"e in%idental sear%" was also invalid) "en%e) w"atever was sei#ed (rom t"e 'erson would be QFRUIT OF T?E POI+ONOU+ TREER) "en%e) inadmissible as eviden%eFob>e%tionable as eviden%e) and e0%luded by Rules o( Court and t"e Constitution

In t"e (irst - %ases) t"e 'erson arrested wit"out a warrant s"all be (ort"wit" delivered to t"e nearest 'oli%e station or >ail and s"all be 'ro%eeded a&ainst in a%%ordan%e wit" +5 o( Rule 22-

Note (urt"er) t"e ri&"ts o( a 'erson arrested or detained .Miranda Ri&"ts/) A3 +2-) a''lies w"ile bein& arrested wit"out warrant Any 'erson under investi&ation (or %ommission o( an o((ense s"all "ave t"e ri&"t 2! to be in(ormed o( t"e ri&"t to remain silent and

A(ter t"e warrantless arrest) t"e ne0t ste' is C*S"O+%A/ %N,&S"%)A"%ON :!A=68>; $ It is an in<uiry or 'ro%eedin& %ondu%ted by 'ea%e o((i%ers to determine w"et"er or not an o((ense is %ommitted and t"e 'erson arrested "as %ommitted t"e said o((ense Preliminary %nvestigation In<uiry or 'ro%eedin& to determine w"et"er t"ere is su((i%ient

-! "ave %om'etent and inde'endent %ounsel 're(erably o( "is own %"oi%e

3! I( t"e 'erson %annot a((ord t"e servi%es o( %ounsel) "e must be 'rovided wit" one! T"ese ri&"ts %annot be waived

Custodial %nvestigation In<uiry or 'ro%eedin& %ondu%ted by 'ea%e o((i%ers to determine

29

Remedial Law Review Notes under Atty Ferdinand Tan CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Notes by Paul Lemuel E! C"ave#

w"et"er or not an o((ense is %ommitted and t"e 'erson arrested "as %ommitted t"e said o((ense Condu%ted arrestin& o((i%er by

Determine w"et"er or not t"ere is 'robable %ause t"at a %rime was %ommitted) and t"e 'erson arrested %ommitted t"e o((ense Condu%ted in %ase o( warrantless arrests under +8 R223

&round to en&ender a well (ounded belie( t"at a %rime "as been %ommitted) t"at res'ondent is 'robably &uilty t"ereo() and s"ould be "eld (or trial Condu%ted by Prose%utor F Ombudsman as t"e %ase may be Determine w"et"er or not a %rime "as been %ommitted) res'ondent is 'robably &uilty t"ereo() and s"ould be "eld (or trial Condu%ted 'rior to (ilin& o( a %om'laint or in(ormation i( t"e o((ense is at least 6 years) - mont"s) 2 day) no warrantless arrest

a%<uittal o( a%%used) wit"out 're>udi%e to (ilin& o( %ivil) %riminal) administrative a%tion a&ainst t"e 'ea%e o((i%ers

IF T?E RI,?T+ o( a 'erson under %ustodial investi&ation s"all be violated or not observed by t"e 'oli%e o((i%ers) remedy File %om'laint a&ainst t"e 'ea%e o((i%ers .Civil) Criminal) or administrative/) wit" 2! NAPOLCOM -! PLE1 .Peo'leKs 1oard/ 3! IA+ .B/ Law En(or%ement

$ Notes on Custodial Investi&ation $ +tarts w"en investi&ation is dire%ted to t"e 'erson arrested and %urrently bein& investi&ated

Under %ustodial investi&ation) "ere %omes t"e %on%e't o( EHTRA;UDICIAL CONFE++ION .relate to Rules on Eviden%e=not a su((i%ient &round (or %onvi%tion unless %orroborated by eviden%e o( %or'us deli%ti/ o EHTRA;UDICIAL CONFE++ION s"ould be done in t"e 'resen%e o( %ounsel 're(erably o( t"e 'erson arrestedKs %"oi%e IF NOT) t"en t"e e0tra>udi%ial %on(ession is INADMI++I1LE A+ ECIDENCE .A3 +2-/

Person arrested "as t"e ri&"t to be re'resented by %ounsel 're(erably at "is own %"oi%e o IF t"e ri&"ts are not observed) t"e 'ro%eedin&s %ould be nulli(ied) and t"e a%%used is to be a%<uitted

NOTE a(ter Custodial Investi&ation) be(ore $ T"e MIRANDA RI,?T+ .Ri&"ts o( a 'erson under %ustodial investi&ation= A3 +2-/ s"all be EHPLAINED to t"e 'erson arrested in a lan&ua&e "e understands o I( not) t"en a &round (or nulli(i%ation o( t"e 'ro%eedin&s T A(ter %ustodial investi&ation) be(ore in<uest) as stated in RA 563:) as %ounsel (or t"e 'erson arrested) loo* F double %"e%*) s%rutini#e t"e (ollowin& 2! A((idavit o( arrest -! 1oo*in& s"eet

25

Remedial Law Review Notes under Atty Ferdinand Tan CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Notes by Paul Lemuel E! C"ave#

3! I 6! A 1e(ore in<uest) ensure also na ma$medi%al an& %liente mo! Da"il) ba*a sina*tan yan& n& 'ulis w"ile in %ustody! Pwede mademanda an& Pulis! I( no %"ar&es (iled 'ursuant to 2-) 2:) 39 "our rule) arbitrary detention Preliminary %nvestigation In<uiry or 'ro%eedin& to determine w"et"er t"ere is su((i%ient &round to en&ender a well (ounded belie( t"at a %rime "as been %ommitted) t"at res'ondent is 'robably &uilty t"ereo() and s"ould be "eld (or trial Pro%eedin& Condu%ted in order to determine w"et"er a %rime "as been %ommitted) res'ondent is 'robably &uilty and s"ould be "eld (or trial Condu%ted u'on (ilin& o( t"e a((idavit o( %om'laint wit" t"e 'rose%utor Condu%ted by $ National $ Re&ional $ City $ Provin%ial +tate Prose%utor) et% Involves %rimes) t"e im'osable 'enalty is 6 y - mos 2 day) e0%e't as 'rovided in 22- +9 %n@uest Proceeding An in(ormal and summary in<uiry to determine w"et"er t"e 'erson arrested wit"out a warrant and under detention s"ould remain under t"e %ustody o( t"e arrestin& o((i%ers and %orres'ondin&ly %"ar&ed be(ore t"e %ourt +ummary in<uiry Condu%ted in order to determine w"et"er t"e 'erson arrested wit"out warrant s"ould remain under %ustody o( t"e arrestin& o((i%ers and %orres'ondin&ly %"ar&ed be(ore t"e %ourt Condu%ted by an in<uest 'rose%utor

%N?*&S" $ An in(ormal and summary in<uiry to determine w"et"er t"e 'erson arrested wit"out a warrant and is under detention s"ould remain under %ustody o( t"e arrestin& o((i%ers and %orres'ondin&ly %"ar&ed be(ore t"e %ourt .DO; Cir%ular 92 in relation to +8 R223/

NOTE In<uest 'ro%eedin&s must be terminated wit"in t"e 'eriod 'res%ribed under t"e 'rovisions o( A2-8 o( t"e RPC) OR EL+E) liable (or delay in delivery o( detained 'ersons to t"e 'ro'er >udi%ial aut"orities .ille&al detention='ero arbitrary detention daw sabi ni boss!!! %&e!!! arbitrary) 'ara walan& talo talo/) 2- "ours$ %rimes 'unis"able by li&"t 'enalties 2: "ours$ %rimes 'unis"able by %orre%tional 'enalties 39 "ours$ %rimes 'unis"able by a((li%tive or %a'ital 'enalties EHCEPT i( in a remote 'la%e) "ard (or trans'ortation to t"e %ityF'la#aFmuni%i'ality in order to %"ar&e t"e 'erson be(ore t"e %ourt

Involves %rimes) re&ardless o( t"e 'enalty) w"ere t"e 'erson was arrested wit"out a warrant) as under R223 +8

R22- +9 Re<uisites (or in<uest 2! Calid warrantless arrest) +8 R223 -! Custodial investi&ation 3! Condu%ted by in<uest 'rose%utor A"en a 'erson law(ully arrested wit"out warrant involvin& an o((ense w"i%" re<uires a 'reliminary investi&ation) t"e %om'laint or in(ormation may be (iled by 'rose%utor wit"out need o( su%" investi&ation PROCIDED t"at an in<uest "as been %ondu%ted in a%%ordan%e wit" e0istin& rules!

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Remedial Law Review Notes under Atty Ferdinand Tan CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Notes by Paul Lemuel E! C"ave#

In absen%e or unavailability o( in<uest 'rose%utor) t"e %om'laint may be (iled by o((endin& 'arty or a 'ea%e o((i%er dire%tly wit" t"e 'ro'er %ourt on t"e basis o( a((idavit o( o((ended 'arty or arrestin& o((i%er or 'erson! 1e(ore %om'laint or in(ormation is (iled) t"e 'erson arrested may as* (or 'reliminary investi&ation in a%%ordan%e wit" t"is Rule) 1UT "e must si&n a waiver o( t"e 'rovisions o( A2-8 RPC) in t"e 'resen%e o( "is %ounsel! Notwit"standin& t"e waiver) "e may a''ly (or bail and t"e investi&ation must be terminated wit"in 28 days (rom its in%e'tion! A(ter (ilin& o( t"e %om'laint or in(ormation in t"e %ourt wit"out a 'reliminary investi&ation) t"e a%%used my) wit"in 8 days (rom t"e time "e learns o( its (ilin&) as* (or 'reliminary investi&ation wit" t"e same ri&"t to addu%e eviden%e in "is de(ense as 'rovided in t"is Rule!

or -! File motion to %ondu%t 'reliminary investi&ation or mandatory 'reliminary investi&ation wit"in 8 days (rom t"e time in(ormation is (iled) or else) denied

Di((erentiate In<uest) Custodial Investi&ation) Preliminary Investi&ation %n@uest An in(ormal and summary in<uiry to determine w"et"er t"e 'erson arrested wit"out a warrant and under detention s"ould remain under t"e %ustody o( t"e arrestin& o((i%ers and %orres'ondin& ly %"ar&ed be(ore t"e %ourt Condu%ted by in<uest 'rose%utor Custodial %nvestigation In<uiry or 'ro%eedin& %ondu%ted by 'ea%e o((i%ers to determine w"et"er or not an o((ense is %ommitted and t"e 'erson arrested "as %ommitted t"e said o((ense Preliminary %nvestigation In<uiry or 'ro%eedin& to determine w"et"er t"ere is su((i%ient &round to en&ender a well (ounded belie( t"at a %rime "as been %ommitted) t"at res'ondent is 'robably &uilty t"ereo() and s"ould be "eld (or trial Condu%ted by national) Re&ional) City) 'rovin%ial 'rose%utor) et% Determine w"et"er or not a %rime "as been %ommitted)

A(ter In<uest "as been %ondu%ted) - s%enarios Not %n@uestable .e!&! "inuli a(ter - years) no 'robable %ause) no warrant o( arrest issued) not under warrantless arrest/ Release (or (urt"er 'ro%eedin&s) t"en 2! Re(er to %ondu%tin& o( Preliminary Investi&ation or -! File motion to %ondu%t 'reliminary investi&ation OR) mandatory 'reliminary investi&ation wit"in 8 days i( in(ormation (iled) or else) denied %n@uestable

Filin& o( t"e (urnis"ed CRIMINAL INFORMATION in %ourt To be done wit"in t"e 2-) 2:) 39 "ours 'rovided under A2-8 o( RPC) be(ore t"e 'ro'er %ourt A"en t"e %om'laint or in(ormation is (iled in %ourt wit"out 'reliminary investi&ation) 2! Re(er to %ondu%tin& o( 'reliminary investi&ation

Condu%ted by arrestin& o((i%er

Determine w"et"er t"e detainee s"ould remain in %ustody o(

Determine w"et"er or not t"ere is 'robable %ause t"at a

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Remedial Law Review Notes under Atty Ferdinand Tan CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Notes by Paul Lemuel E! C"ave#

t"e o((i%ers) and %"ar&ed in %ourt

Condu%ted by in<uest 'rose%utor

%rime was %ommitted) and t"e 'erson arrested %ommitted t"e o((ense Condu%ted by t"e 'ea%e .arrestin& o((i%ers/

res'ondent is 'robably &uilty t"ereo() and s"ould be "eld (or trial Condu%ted by 'ubli% .national) re&ional) %ity) 'rovin%ial/ 'rose%utor) et% Condu%ted 'rior to (ilin& o( %om'laint or in(ormation) 'enalty at least 6y - mos 2 day) no valid warrantless arrest

$ $

Dire%ted to a 'ea%e o((i%er Commandin& "im to sear%" (or 'ersonal 'ro'erty des%ribed t"erein and brin& it be(ore t"e %ourt

A"ere (iledB .2-9 +-/ 2! Any %ourt wit"in w"ose territorial >urisdi%tion a %rime was %ommitted

Condu%ted a(ter %ustodial investi&ation) in %ase o( valid warrantless arrest

Condu%ted in %ase o( valid warrantless arrest

-! For %om'ellin& reasons stated in t"e a''li%ation) any %ourt wit"in t"e >udi%ial re&ion w"ere t"e %rime was %ommitted i( t"e 'la%e o( t"e %ommission o( t"e %rime is *nown) or any %ourt wit"in t"e >udi%ial re&ion w"ere t"e warrant s"all be en(or%ed

,2

S&A!C4 AN+ S&%A*!& 3! ?OAECER) i( t"e %riminal a%tion "as already been (iled) a''li%ation s"all only be made in t"e %ourt w"ere t"e %riminal a%tion is 'endin&

A3 +-) 27:5 Constitution Ri&"t o( 'eo'le to be se%ure in t"eir 'ersons) "omes) 'a'ers and e((e%ts a&ainst unreasonable sear%"es and sei#ures o( w"atever nature and 'ur'ose s"all be inviolable) and no sear%" warrant or warrant o( arrest s"all issue e0%e't u'on 'robable %ause determined 'ersonally by a >ud&e under oat" or a((irmation o( t"e %om'lainant and witnesses "e may 'rodu%e) 'arti%ularly des%ribin& 'la%e to be sear%"ed and t"in&s to be sei#ed

Re<uisites (or issuan%e o( sear%" warrant .R2-9 +3/ 12 Probable cause in connection with one specific offense to be determined personally by the judge P!O.A./& CA*S&

Rule 2-9 o( t"e Rules o( Court

A"at is a sear%" warrantB .2-9 +2/ Order in writin& issued $ $ In t"e name o( t"e Peo'le o( t"e P"ils +i&ned by a >ud&e

(a%ts and %ir%umstan%es w"i%" would lead a reasonably dis%reet and 'rudent man to believe t"at an o((ense "as been %ommitted and t"at t"e ob>e%ts sou&"t in %onne%tion wit" t"e o((ense are in t"e 'la%e sou&"t to be sear%"ed

ON& SP&C%'%C O''&NS& $ 2 warrant) one s'e%i(i% o((ense) e0%e't) i( o((enses are %orrelated

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Remedial Law Review Notes under Atty Ferdinand Tan CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Notes by Paul Lemuel E! C"ave#

Issued by a J*+)& .note +ala#ar v A%"a%oso/ $ not by De'artment +e%retary) not by Cler* o( Court

-! Any member o( "is (amily OR .in t"e absen%e o( O-/ 3! - witnesses o( su((i%ient a&e and dis%retion residin& in t"e same (a%ility

72 After e3amination under oath or affirmation of the complainant and the witnesses he may produce Da'at totoo an& statements) or else) mala$liable (or 'er>ury $ Proven by o T+N .trans%ri't o( steno&ra'"i% notes/ Not by mere @ and A

+ub>e%ts o( sear%" and sei#ure .2-9 +3/ P&!SONA/ P!OP&!"5 .+i&e n&a) *aya mo bu"atin an& ba"ayB Lreal 'ro'ertyM/ wit" t"e <uali(i%ation /%S"&+ %N "4& S&A!C4 (A!!AN" 2! +ub>e%t o( t"e o((ense

-! +tolen or embe##led or ot"er 'ro%eeds) or (ruits o( t"e o((ense

82 Particularly describing the place to be searched and things to be sei9ed which is anywhere in the Philippines NOTE 'a& wala isan& re<uisite) ,ENERAL AARRANT $ $ Not automati%ally void ?ENCE) (ile Motion to @uas" t"e +ear%" Aarrant under 2-9 +26 o I( &ranted) all 'ro%eedin&s) (rom issuan%e o( sear%" warrant to sear%"es and sei#ures) s"all be de%lared void) be%ause no 'robable %ause

3! Used or intended to be used as means (or %ommittin& an o((ense

A(ter im'lementation o( t"e sear%" and sei#ure) sei#ure o( t"e sub>e%t arti%les) Issuan%e o( re%ei't .and listin& in inventory/ by im'lementin& o((i%er .R2-9 +22/ Officer sei9ing the property under the warrant must give a detailed receipt for the same to t"e law(ul o%%u'ant o( t"e 'remises in w"ose 'resen%e t"e sear%" and sei#ure were made) or in t"e absen%e o( su%" o%%u'ant) must) in t"e 'resen%e o( at least - witnesses o( su((i%ient a&e and dis%retion residin& in t"e same lo%ality) leave a re%ei't in t"e 'la%e in w"i%" "e (ound t"e sei#ed 'ro'erty!

Assumin&) sear%" warrant was &ranted) (ollowin& R2-9 +8 and +9) sear%" was e((e%ted under +5) Im'lementation o( +ear%" Aarrant .2-9 +:/ RE@UI+ITE+ In t"e 'resen%e o( 2! law(ul o%%u'ant t"ereo( OR

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Remedial Law Review Notes under Atty Ferdinand Tan CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Notes by Paul Lemuel E! C"ave#

NOT/0 sign ) *y #r issu ) *y S/ARC1IN2 OFFIC/R IF si&ned by o%%u'ant) and no %ounsel) t"en tantamount to EHTRA;UDICIAL CONFE++ION E((e%t $ Inadmissible as eviden%e an& PER+ONAL PROPERTIE+ +EISED durin& t"e sear%"

subse%tion a t"ereo( "as been %om'lied wit"

3! T"e return on t"e sear%" warrant s"all be (iled and *e't by t"e %ustodian o( t"e lo& boo* on sear%" warrants w"o s"all enter t"erein t"e date o( t"e return) t"e result and ot"er a%tions o( t"e >ud&e A violation o( t"is se%tion s"all %onstitute %ontem't o( %ourt!

A"yB T"ere is no 'roo( by 'rose%ution t"at t"e arti%les were sei#ed (rom t"e owner) *asi walan& list o( inventory and walan& re%ei't in t"e (irst 'la%e da"il n&a "indi sinunod an& re%ei't$ si&ned$by$im'lementin& o((i%er$re<uirement!

R2-9 +26$ Motion to <uas" sear%" warrant or to su''ressU w"ere to (ile A motion to <uas" a sear%" warrant andFor to su''ress eviden%e obtained t"ereby may be (iled in and a%ted u'on only by t"e %ourt w"ere t"e a%tion "as been instituted! I( no %riminal a%tion "as been instituted) t"e motion may be (iled in and resolved by t"e %ourt t"at issued t"e sear%" warrant! ?owever) i( su%" %ourt (ailed to resolve t"e motion and a %riminal %ase is subse<uently (iled in anot"er %ourt) t"e motion s"all be resolved by t"e latter %ourt!

T"en) Preliminary Investi&ation .see 'revious dis%ussions/ would be %ondu%ted on t"e 'erson) and t"e o((i%ers are re<uired to deliver t"e 'ro'erty sub>e%t o( t"e sear%" warrant to t"e %SS*%N) CO*!" $ NOTE NOT TO T?E PRO+ECUTOR$ or else) inadmissible in eviden%e

R2-9 +22! O((i%er must (ort"wit" deliver t"e 'ro'erty sei#ed to t"e >ud&e w"o issued t"e warrant) to&et"er wit" a true inventory t"ereo( duly veri(ied under oat"

NOTE+ Motion to <uas" sear%" warrant$ (iled be(ore t"e %ourt w"i%" issued t"e sear%" warrant .NOTE di((erent sa w"ere %ourt w"ere t"e in(ormation is (iled/ Motion to su''ress eviden%e$ i( t"e t"in&s ta*en in t"e sear%" are to be 'resented as eviden%e by 'rose%ution) (ile motion to su''ress eviden%e .R2-9 +6/ be(ore 'rose%utorKs o((i%e .Aait "indi ba) %ourt w"ere t"e a%tion "as been institutedB/

-! 24 days a(ter issuan%e o( sear%" warrant) issuin& >ud&e s"all as%ertain i( return is made) and i( none) s"all summon t"e 'erson to w"om t"e warrant was issued and re<uire "im to e0'lain w"y no return is made! I( t"e return "as been made) t"e >ud&e s"all as%ertain w"et"er +22 o( t"is Rule "as been %om'lied wit" and s"all re<uire t"at t"e 'ro'erty sei#ed be delivered to "im! T"e >ud&e s"all see to it t"at

Motion to <uas" sear%" warrant is denied! It (ollows t"at t"e motion to su''ress eviden%e

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Remedial Law Review Notes under Atty Ferdinand Tan CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Notes by Paul Lemuel E! C"ave#

would li*ewise be DENIED .Reason motion to su''ress eviden%e is de'endent u'on t"e motion to <uas" t"e sear%" warrant Remedy PETITION FOR CERTIORARI UNDER RULE 98 A"y not a''ealB $ A''eal is not t"e ade<uate remedy o Jasi wala naman& eviden%e na i'inresent e" +:

I( t"e true name o( a%%used is t"erea(ter dis%losed by "im or a''ears in some ot"er manner to t"e %ourt) su%" true name s"all be inserted in t"e %om'laint or in(ormation and re%ord

-! DE+I,NATION OF T?E &iven by t"e statute

OFFEN+E

Desi&nation o( o((ense &iven by t"e statute Aver t"e a%ts or omissions %onstitutin& t"e o((ense +'e%i(y <uali(yin& %ir%umstan%es and a&&ravatin&

$ A'"&! either %0 %%0 %%%0 %,0 %N'O!#A"%ON S4A// .& '%/&+ %N CO*!" :!11B S6; R224 +-) +9 in relation to 'ertinent 'rovisions T"e %om'laint or in(ormation s"all be 2! in ARITIN, -! t"e name o( t"e PEOPLE OF T?E P?ILIPPINE+ 3! and a&ainst all 'ersons w"o a''ear to be res'onsible (or t"e o((ense involved +7 $ $

I( no desi&nation o( t"e o((ense) re(eren%e s"all be made to t"e se%tion or subse%tion 'unis"in& it

3! ACT+ OR OMI++ION+ COMPLAINED OF as %onstitutin& t"e o((ense

T"e %om'laint or in(ormation s"all be su((i%ient i( it states 2! NAME OF ACCU+ED +5 $ name or surname or any a''ellation or ni%*name by w"i%" "e is *nown I( "is name %annot be as%ertained) "e must be des%ribed under a (i%titious name wit" a statement t"at "is true name is un*nown

A%ts or omissions %om'lained o( as %onstitutin& t"e o((ense and t"e <uali(yin& and a&&ravatin& %ir%umstan%es must be stated in ordinary and %on%ise lan&ua&e o Not ne%essarily in lan&ua&e used in statute) 1UT In terms su((i%ient to enable a 'erson o( %ommon understandin& to *now w"at o((ense is bein& %"ar&ed) Jnow its <uali(yin& and a&&ravatin& %ir%umstan%e

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Remedial Law Review Notes under Atty Ferdinand Tan CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Notes by Paul Lemuel E! C"ave#

For t"e %ourt to 'ronoun%e >ud&ment

wit"out need o( averrin& it is a >uridi%al 'erson or t"at it is or&ani#ed in a%%ordan%e wit" law

6! NAME OF T?E OFFENDED PARTG +2$ +tate name and surname o( 'erson o a&ainst w"om or a&ainst w"ose 'ro'erty t"e o((ense was %ommitted) or any a''ellation or ni%*name by w"i%" su%" 'erson is or "as been *nown +22

8! APPROHIMATE DATE o( %ommission o( t"e o((ense

Not ne%essarily to state t"e 're%ise date t"e o((ense was %ommitted e0%e't w"en it is material in&redient o( t"e o((ense T"e o((ense may be alle&ed to "ave been %ommitted on a date as near as 'ossible to t"e a%tual date o( its %ommission EHCEPTION A"en date %onstitutes essential element o( o((ense .in(anti%ide) abortion) bi&amy/

I( t"ere is no better way o( identi(yin& "im) o "e must be des%ribed under a (i%titious name

In o((enses a&ainst 'ro'erty) i( name o( o((ended 'arty is un*nown) 9! PLACE w"ere o((ense was %ommitted o t"e 'ro'erty must be des%ribed wit" su%" 'arti%ularity as to 'ro'erly identi(y t"e o((ense %"ar&ed +24 +u((i%ient i( understood (rom its alle&ations t"at t"e o((ense was %ommitted or some o( its essential elements too* 'la%e wit"in t"e >urisdi%tion o( t"e %ourt) UNLE++ t"e 'arti%ular 'la%e w"ere it was %ommitted %onstitutes an essential element o( t"e o((ense %"ar&ed or i( ne%essary (or its identi(i%ation .E0am'les violation o( domi%ile) tres'ass to dwellin&/

I( t"e true name o( t"e 'erson a&ainst w"om or a&ainst w"ose 'ro'erty t"e o((ense was %ommitted is t"erea(ter dis%losed or as%ertained) o t"e %ourt must %ause su%" true name to be inserted in t"e %om'laint or in(ormation and t"e re%ord

i( t"e o((ended 'arty is a >uridi%al 'erson) it is su((i%ient to o o state its name) or any name or desi&nation by w"i%" it is *nown or by w"i%" it may be identi(ied) Rule 222 .salient 'rovisions/ Prose%ution o( Civil A%tion OCCUR+ AFTER T?E INFORMATION FILED AIT? T?E COURT I+

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Remedial Law Review Notes under Atty Ferdinand Tan CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Notes by Paul Lemuel E! C"ave#

Note Arti%les -7) 34) 32) 3-) 33) 36) 38) 39) -259 o( NCC T A244 o( RPC +2 A"en %riminal a%tion is instituted) %ivil a%tion (or t"e re%overy o( %ivil liability (or t"e o((ense %"ar&ed s"all be deemed instituted in t"e %riminal a%tion UNLE++ 2! O((ended 'arty waives t"e %ivil a%tion -! Reserves t"e se'arately ri&"t to institute it

Deat" o( t"e a%%used .R222 +6/ 2! A(ter arrai&nment) durin& 'enden%y o( %riminal a%tion

E0tin&uis" %ivil liability arisin& (rom a%tion 1UT) ICA under +3 or instituted to en(or%e liability arisin& (rom ot"er sour%es o( obli&ation may be %ontinued a&ainst estate or le&al re'resentatives o( a%%used) o o A(ter 'ro'er substitution) or A&ainst said estate) as t"e %ase may be

3! Institutes ri&"t to institute it se'arately O3 s"all be made 2! be(ore t"e 'rose%ution starts 'resentin& its eviden%e) and -! under %ir%umstan%es a((ordin& t"e o((ended 'arty a reasonable o''ortunity to ma*e su%" reservation A"en o((ended 'arty see*s to en(or%e %ivil liability a&ainst t"e a%%used by way o( MNTE dama&es wit"out s'e%i(yin& amount t"ereo( in %om'laint or in(ormation) $ (ilin& (ees t"ere(or s"all %onstitute a (irst lien on t"e >ud&ment awardin& su%" dama&es

?eirs o( a%%used may be substituted (or de%eased wit"out re<uirin& a''ointment o( e0e%utor or administrator and t"e %ourt may a''oint &uardian ad litem (or minor "eirs! Court s"all (ort"wit" order said le&al re'resentatives to a''ear and be substituted wit"in 34 days (rom noti%e! Final >ud&ment entered in (avour o( o((ended 'arty s"all be en(or%ed in t"e manner es'e%ially 'rovided (or in t"ese Rules (or 'rose%utin& %laims a&ainst estate o( de%eased .RELATE TO R:9 and :5/ -! A%%used dies be(ore arrai&nment)

A"en amount o( dama&es ot"er t"an a%tual is s'e%i(ied in t"e %om'laint or in(ormation) $ %orres'ondin& (ilin& (ees s"all be 'aid by t"e o((ended 'arty u'on t"e (ilin& t"ereo( in %ourt

$ $

Criminal %ase s"all be dismissed) Ait"out 're>udi%e to any %ivil a%tion o((ended 'arty may (ile a&ainst estate o( de%eased 'erson

E0%e't as ot"erwise 'rovided in t"ese Rules) no (ilin& (ees s"all be awarded (or a%tual dama&es No CC) CrC) 3PC may be (iled by a%%used in t"e %riminal %ase) but any %ause o( a%tion w"i%" %ould "ave been t"e sub>e%t t"ereo( may be liti&ated in a se'arate %ivil a%tion

1P -- %ases .-*2 barU R222 +2b/

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Remedial Law Review Notes under Atty Ferdinand Tan CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Notes by Paul Lemuel E! C"ave#

Criminal %ases (or 1P -- s"all be deemed to include corresponding criminal action .on%e (iled) %ivil a%tion deemed im'liedly instituted/ No reservation to (ile su%" %ivil a%tion se'arately s"all be allowed! U'on (ilin& o( a(oresaid >oint and %riminal in(ormation) o((ended 'arty s"all 'ay in (ull t"e (ilin& (ees based on t"e amount o( t"e %"e%* involved w"i%" s"all be %onsidered as a%tual dama&es %laimed! A"ere %om'laint or in(ormation also see*s to re%over MNTLE dama&es) o((ended 'arty s"all 'ay (ilin& (ees based on t"e amounts alle&ed t"erein! I( t"e amounts are not so alle&ed by any o( t"e dama&es are subse<uently awarded by t"e %ourt) t"e (ilin& (ees based on t"e amount awarded s"all %onstitute a (irst lien on t"e >ud&ment! A"en %ivil a%tion is (iled se'arately and trial t"ereo( "as not yet %ommen%ed) it may be %onsolidated in t"e %riminal a%tion u'on a''li%ation o( t"e %ourt tryin& t"e latter %ase! I( a''li%ation is &ranted) trial o( bot" a%tion s"all 'ro%eed in a%%ordan%e wit" +- o( t"is Rule &overnin& %onsolidation o( %riminal and %ivil a%tions!

I( raised durin& 'reliminary investi&ation) t"en 'reliminary investi&ation %an be sub>e%t o( in>un%tion! To arise) t"e %ivil a%tion s"ould be (iled a"ead o( %riminal a%tion) and da'at CICIL t"en CRIMINAL) CICIL$CRIMINALU not administrative) et%

R222 +5$ Elements o( 're>udi%ial <uestion 2! Previously instituted %ivil a%tion involves issue similar or intimately related to issue raised in subse<uent %riminal a%tion

-! Resolution o( su%" issue determines w"et"er or not %riminal a%tion may 'ro%eed

R222 +9$ sus'ension by reason o( 're>udi%ial <uestion Petition (or sus'ension o( %riminal a%tion based u'on 'enden%y o( 're>udi%ial <uestion in a %ivil a%tion may be (iled in t"e o((i%e o( t"e 'rose%utor %ondu%tin& t"e 'reliminary investi&ation! A"en %riminal a%tion "as been (iled in %ourt (or trial) 'etition to sus'end s"all be (iled in t"e same %riminal a%tion at any time be(ore t"e 'rose%ution rests! .relate to R229 +22b/ U'on motion o( t"e 'arty) arrai&nment s"all be sus'ended i( t"ere e0ists a 're>udi%ial <uestion!

I( mauna %ivil a%tion) 1P-- %ase may be (iled later on) but no double re%overy s"all be awarded!

P!&J*+%C%A/ ?*&S"%ON $ @uestion w"i%" arises in a %ase) resolution o( w"i%" is lo&i%al ante%edent o( t"e issue involved t"erein) %o&ni#an%e o( w"i%" 'ertains to anot"er tribunal

+us'ension o( se'arate %ivil a%tion .R222 +-/ A(ter %riminal a%tion "as been %ommen%ed) se'arate %ivil a%tion arisin& t"ere(rom %annot be instituted until (inal >ud&ment "as been rendered in t"e %riminal a%tion!

May be raised durin& PI o( o((ense or in %ourt) be(ore 'rose%ution rests its %ase

-9

Remedial Law Review Notes under Atty Ferdinand Tan CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Notes by Paul Lemuel E! C"ave#

I( %riminal a%tion is (iled a(ter said %ivil a%tion "as already been instituted) latter s"all be sus'ended in w"atever sta&e it may be (ound be(ore >ud&ment on t"e merits! +us'ension s"all last until (inal >ud&ment is entered in t"e %riminal a%tion! Nonet"eless) be(ore >ud&ment on t"e merits is rendered in t"e %ivil a%tion) t"e same may) u'on motion o( o((ended 'arty) be %onsolidated wit" t"e %riminal a%tion in t"e %ourt tryin& t"e %riminal a%tion! In %ase o( %onsolidation) eviden%e already addu%ed in t"e %ivil a%tion s"all be deemed automati%ally re'rodu%ed in t"e %riminal a%tion) wit"out 're>udi%e to t"e ri&"t o( t"e 'rose%ution to %ross e0amine t"e witnesses 'resented by t"e o((ended 'arty in t"e %riminal %ase and o( t"e 'arties to 'resent additional eviden%e! T"e %onsolidated %riminal and %ivil a%tions s"all be tried and de%ided >ointly! Durin& 'enden%y o( t"e %riminal a%tion) runnin& o( t"e 'eriod o( 'res%ri'tion o( t"e %ivil a%tion w"i%" %annot be instituted se'arately or w"ose 'ro%eedin&s "as been sus'ended s"all be tolled! E0tin%tion o( t"e 'enal a%tion does not %arry wit" it t"e e0tin%tion o( t"e %ivil a%tion! ?owever) t"e %ivil a%tion based on deli%t may be deemed e0tin&uis"ed i( t"ere is a (indin& in a (inal >ud&ment in t"e %riminal a%tion t"at t"e a%t or omission (rom w"i%" t"e %ivil liability may arise did not e0ist!

R222 +3$ ICA In %ases 'rovided (or in A3-) 33) 36) -259 o( t"e NCC) t"e ICA may be brou&"t by t"e o((ended 'arty! It s"all 'ro%eed inde'endently o( t"e %riminal a%tion) and s"all re<uire only a 're'onderan%e o( eviden%e! In no %ase) "owever) may o((ended 'arty re%over dama&es twi%e (or t"e same a%t or omission %"ar&ed in t"e %riminal o((ense!
Art! 3-! Any 'ubli% o((i%er or em'loyee) or any 'rivate individual) w"o dire%tly or indire%tly obstru%ts) de(eats)

violates or in any manner im'edes or im'airs any o( t"e (ollowin& ri&"ts and liberties o( anot"er 'erson s"all be liable to t"e latter (or dama&es 2! Freedom o( Reli&ion -! Freedom o( +'ee%" 3! Freedom to write (or "e 'ress or to maintain a 'eriodi%al 'ubli%ation 6! Freedom (rom arbitrary or ille&al detention 8! Freedom (rom su((ra&e 9! T"e ri&"t a&ainst de'rivation o( 'ro'erty wit"out due 'ro%ess o( law 5! T"e ri&"t to a >ust %om'ensation w"en 'rivate 'ro'erty is ta*en (or 'ubli% use :! T"e ri&"t to e<ual 'rote%tion o( t"e laws 7! T"e ri&"t to be se%ure in oneKs 'erson) "ouse) 'a'ers) and e((e%ts a&ainst unreasonable sear%"es and sei#ures 24! T"e liberty o( abode and o( %"an&in& t"e same 22! T"e 'riva%y o( %ommuni%ation and %orres'onden%e 2-! T"e ri&"t to be%ome a member o( asso%iations or so%ieties (or 'ur'oses not %ontrary to law 23! T"e ri&"t to ta*e 'art in a 'ea%eable assembly to 'etition t"e &overnment (or redress o( &rievan%es 26! T"e ri&"t to be (ree (rom involuntary servitude o( any (orm 28! T"e ri&"t o( t"e a%%used a&ainst e0%essive bail 29! T"e ri&"t o( t"e a%%used to be "eard by "imsel( and %ounsel) to be in(ormed o( t"e nature and %ause o( t"e a%%usation a&ainst "im) to "ave a s'eedy and 'ubli% trial) to meet t"e witnesses (a%e to (a%e) and to "ave %om'ulsory 'ro%ess to se%ure t"e attendan%e o( witness in "is be"al(! 25! Freedom (rom bein& %om'elled to be a witness a&ainst oneKs sel() or (rom bein& (or%ed to %on(ess &uilt) or (rom bein& indu%ed by a 'romise o( immunity or reward to ma*e su%" %on(ession) e0%e't w"en t"e 'erson %on(essin& be%omes a state witness 2:! Freedom (rom e0%essive (ines) or %ruel or unusual 'unis"ment) unless t"e same is im'osed or in(li%ted in a%%ordan%e wit" a statute w"i%" "as not been >udi%ially de%lared un%onstitutional and 27! Freedom o( a%%ess to t"e %ourts In any o( t"e %ases re(erred to in t"is arti%le) w"et"er or not t"e de(endantKs a%t or omission %onstitute a %riminal o((ense) t"e a&&rieved 'arty "as a ri&"t to %ommen%e an entirely se'arate and distin%t %ivil a%tion (or dama&es) and (or ot"er relie(! +u%" %ivil a%tion s"all 'ro%eed inde'endently or any %riminal 'rose%ution .i( t"e latter be instituted/) and may be 'roved by a 're'onderan%e o( eviden%e! T"e indemnity s"all in%lude moral dama&es! E0em'lary dama&es may also be ad>udi%ated! T"e res'onsibility "erein set (ort" is not demandable (rom a >ud&e unless "is a%t or omission %onstitutes a violation o( t"e Penal Code or ot"er 'enal statute!

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Remedial Law Review Notes under Atty Ferdinand Tan CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Notes by Paul Lemuel E! C"ave#

Art! 33! In %ases o( de(amation) (raud) and '"ysi%al in>uries) a %ivil a%tion (or dama&es) entirely se'arate and distin%t (rom t"e %riminal a%tion) may be brou&"t by t"e in>ured 'arty! +u%" %ivil a%tion s"all 'ro%eed inde'endently o( t"e %riminal 'rose%ution) and s"all re<uire only a 're'onderan%e o( eviden%e! Art! 36! A"en a member o( a %ity or muni%i'al 'oli%e (or%e re(uses or (ails to render aid or 'rote%tion to any 'erson in %ase o( dan&er to li(e or 'ro'erty) su%" 'ea%e o((i%er s"all be 'rimarily liable (or dama&es) and t"e %ity or muni%i'ality s"all be subsidiarily res'onsible t"ere(ore! T"e %ivil a%tion "erein re%o&ni#ed s"all be inde'endent o( any %riminal 'ro%eedin&s and a 're'onderan%e o( eviden%e s"all su((i%e to su''ort su%" a%tion!

Prose%utor to 'rose%ute t"e %ase sub>e%t to a''roval o( t"e %ourt!

In %ase o( %on(li%t) 'ubli% 'rose%utor 'revails

FILING OF INFORMATION, what are the corresponding REMEDIES? %2 #O"%ON "O A!!A%)N#&N" P!OC&&+%N)S arraignment;$ S*SP&N+ O! :.efore

-259 A"oever by a%t or omission %auses dama&e to anot"er) t"ere bein& (ault or ne&li&en%e) is obli&ed to 'ay (or t"e dama&e done! +u%" (ault or ne&li&en%e) i( t"ere is no 're$e0istin& %ontra%tual relation between t"e 'arties) is %alled a <uasi$deli%t and is &overned by t"e 'rovisions o( t"is %"a'ter

R229 +22) DO; Cir%ular 54 in relation to R222 +9 and 5U OR EL+E) PROCEED ACCORDIN,LG R229 +22 U'on motion by t"e 'ro'er 'arty) arrai&nment s"all be sus'ended in t"e (ollowin& %ases $ A%%used a''ears to be su((erin& (rom any unsound mental %ondition w"i%" e((e%tively renders "im unavailable to (ully understand t"e %"ar&e a&ainst "im and to 'lead intelli&ently t"ereto! In su%" %ase) t"e %ourt s"all order "is mental e0amination and) i( ne%essary) "is %on(inement or su%" 'ur'ose

R224 +8 in relation to R222 )eneral !ule: All criminal actions commenced by information shall be prosecuted under the direction and control of the public prosecutor2 Publi% and 'rivate as'e%t .%riminal and %ivil/$ %riminal under 'ubli% 'rose%utorU %ivil under 'rivate 'rose%utor I( t"ere is no 'rivate o((ended 'arty) t"en 'rivate 'rose%utor "as no 'arti%i'ation &3ception to general rule: 2! In %ase o( "eavy wor* s%"edule o( 'ubli% 'rose%utor or -! In t"e event o( la%* o( 'ubli% 'rose%utors ?en%e) in su%" a %ase) 'rivate 'rose%utor may be aut"ori#ed in writin& by t"e C"ie( o( Prose%ution O((i%e or t"e Re&ional +tate $

T"ere e0ists a 're>udi%ial <uestion) and

.RELATE to R222 +9 and 5/

Petition (or review o( t"e resolution o( t"e 'rose%utor is 'endin& at eit"er t"e DO; or t"e O((i%e o( t"e PresidentU 'rovided) t"at t"e 'eriod o( sus'ension s"all not e0%eed 94 days %ounted (rom (ilin& o( t"e 'etition wit" t"e reviewin& o((i%e

-:

Remedial Law Review Notes under Atty Ferdinand Tan CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Notes by Paul Lemuel E! C"ave#

.RELATE to DO; Cir 54/

IF not (iled t"is remedy) t"en PROCEED ACCORDIN,LG

b! ,rounds u'on w"i%" it is based and %! I( re<uired by t"ese Rules or ne%essary to 'rove (a%ts alle&ed t"erein) s"all be su''orted by su''ortin& a((idavits and ot"er 'a'ers

%%2

#O"%ON "O CON+*C" P!&/%#%NA!5 %N,&S"%)A"%ON :.efore Arraignment;

Rule 224 +2 2! For o((enses w"ere PI is re<uired 'ursuant to +2 R22-) by (ilin& t"e a((idavit o( %om'laint wit" t"e 'ro'er o((i%er (or t"e 'ur'ose o( %ondu%tin& t"e re<uisite 'reliminary investi&ation

6! Motion is set (or "earin& by a''li%ant .R28 +6/

-! For all ot"er o((enses) by (ilin& t"e in(ormation dire%tly wit" t"e MTC or MCTCs) or t"e %om'laint wit" t"e o((i%e o( t"e 'rose%utor

8! Noti%e o( "earin& addressed to all 'arties %on%erned) s'e%i(yin& t"e time and date o( "earin& w"i%" must not be later t"an 24 days a(ter t"e (ilin& o( t"e motion .R28 +8/

9! Motion and noti%e o( "earin& must be served at least 3 days be(ore t"e date o( "earin& .3 day noti%e rule/

3! In Manila) Cebu) Davao .%"artered %ities/) t"e a((idavit o( %om'laint s"all be (iled wit" t"e o((i%e o( t"e 'rose%utor) unless ot"erwise 'rovided in t"eir %"arters MOTION RE@UIREMENT+ 2! In writin&) Le0%e't t"ose made u'on in o'en %ourt or in t"e %ourse o( a "earin& or trial M .R28 +-/

5! Proo( o( servi%e o( t"e motion R23 +23 Proo( o( 'ersonal servi%e s"all %onsist o( $ $ $ Aritten admission o( 'arty served or O((i%ial return o( t"e server or A((idavit o( t"e 'arty servin& %ontainin& a (ull statement o( t"e date) 'la%e) and manner o( servi%e

-! Must be veri(ied and a%%om'anied by an a((idavit o( merit i( t"e &round (or t"e motion is FAME

I( by servi%e is by ordinary mail) 'roo( t"ereo( s"all %onsist o( an a((idavit o( t"e 'erson mailin& o( (a%ts s"owin& %om'lian%e wit" +5 o( t"is Rule! I( servi%e is by re&istered mail) 'roo( s"all be made by su%" a((idavit and re&istry re%ei't issued by t"e mailin& o((i%e

3! +"all state t"e (ollowin& .R28 +3/

a! Relie( sou&"t to be obtained

-7

Remedial Law Review Notes under Atty Ferdinand Tan CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Notes by Paul Lemuel E! C"ave#

T"e re&istry return %ard s"all be (iled immediately u'on its re%ei't by t"e sender) or in lieu t"ereo() t"e un%laimed letter to&et"er wit" t"e %erti(ied or sworn %o'y o( t"e noti%e &iven by t"e 'ostmaster to t"e addressee! :! I( t"e motion is not served to t"e ot"er 'arty by 'ersonal servi%e) su%" mode resorted to must be a%%om'anied by a written e0'lanation w"y t"e servi%e or (ilin& was not done 'ersonally! A violation o( t"is Rule may be %ause to %onsider t"e 'a'er as not (iled .R23 +22/

ot"er 'ubli% o((i%er %"ar&ed en(or%ement o( t"e law violated

wit"

R22- 'rovisions .see above/

T"e 'enalty is 'unis"able by Im'risonment o( 6 y - mos 2 day) no Preliminary investi&ation was %ondu%ted) REMEDGB +%enario In(ormation was (iled in lieu o( in<uest R22- +9 .AM 8$:$-9$+C/ A(ter t"e (ilin& t"e %om'laint or in(ormation in %ourt wit"out a 'reliminary investi&ation) t"e a%%used may) wit"in 8 days (rom t"e time "e learns o( its (ilin&) $ as* (or a 'reliminary investi&ation wit" t"e same ri&"t to addu%e eviden%e in "is de(ense as 'rovided in t"is Rule

&ffect of failure to comply with Sections0 60 C0 D of !ule 1C 2! Pt"e motion s"all be treated as a wort"less 'ie%e o( 'a'er w"i%" t"e %ler* o( %ourt "as no ri&"t to re%eive and t"e %ourt "as no aut"ority to a%t u'on .mere s%ra' o( 'a'er/ -! It does not interru't t"e runnin& o( t"e 'res%ri'tiveFre&lementary 'eriod (or t"e (ilin& o( t"e re<uisite 'leadin& 3! It will be &round (or denial o( t"e motion 6! T"e motion s"all be %onsidered as not (iled R224 +- and +3 A((idavit o( Com'laint s"all be 2! In writin&) -! in t"e name o( t"e P"ili''ines) 3! a&ainst all 'ersons w"o a''ear to be res'onsible (or t"e o((ense involved 6! %"ar&in& a 'ersons wit" an o((ense 8! subs%ribed by t"e $ $ o((ended 'arty) any 'ea%e o((i%er)

%%%2

#O"%ON "O ?*AS4 :.efore Plea;

Criminal Pro%edureKs QMotion to DismissR .but do not use t"e latter term/

R225 +2$ TIME At any time be(ore enterin& "is 'lea R225 +-$ Form and %ontents 2! In writin& -! +i&ned by a%%used or %ounsel 3! +"all distin%tly s'e%i(y its (a%tual and le&al &rounds Court s"all %onsider no &round ot"er t"an t"ose stated in t"e motion e0%e't (or la%* o( >urisdi%tion over t"e o((ense %"ar&ed!

PPR225 +3$ ,ROUND+

34

Remedial Law Review Notes under Atty Ferdinand Tan CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Notes by Paul Lemuel E! C"ave#

A%%used may move to <uas" t"e %om'laint or in(ormation on any o( t"e (ollowin& &rounds A2 "4A" "4& 'AC"S C4A!)&+ +O NO" CONS"%"*"& AN O''&NS& ,RANTED $ File amended %om'laint or in(ormation .R222 +9$ not a bar to anot"er 'rose%utor (or t"e same o((ense/

C2 "4A" "4& CO*!" "!5%N) "4& CAS& 4AS NO J*!%S+%C"%ON O,&! "4& P&!SON O' "4& ACC*S&+ @uestion in on validity o( arrest under R223 ,RANTED $ File amended in(ormation or %om'laint .R225 +9/

DENIED $ Pro%eed wit" arrai&nment and trial) and in %ase o( adverse de%ision) (ile an a''eal assi&nin& as error t"e denial o( t"e motion to <uas"! I( t"e denial o( t"e motion to <uas" is tainted wit" &rave abuse o( dis%retion amountin& to la%* or e0%ess o( >urisdi%tion) (ile 'etition (or %ertiorari wit" tem'orary restrainin& order .+2 R62 in relation to +6 R98/

DENIED $ Pro%eed wit" arrai&nment and trial) and in %ase o( adverse de%ision) (ile an a''eal assi&nin& as error t"e denial o( t"e motion to <uas"! I( t"e denial o( t"e motion to <uas" is tainted wit" &rave abuse o( dis%retion amountin& to la%* or e0%ess o( >urisdi%tion) (ile 'etition (or %ertiorari wit" tem'orary restrainin& order .+2 R62 in relation to +6 R98/

.2 "4A" "4& CO*!" "!5%N) "4& CAS& 4AS NO J*!%S+%C"%ON O,&! "4& O''&NS& C4A!)&+ ,RANTED $ File amended in(ormation or %om'laint .R225 +9/

+2 "4A" "4& O''%C&! (4O '%/&+ "4& %N'O!#A"%ON 4A+ NO A*"4O!%"5 "O +O SO ,RANTED $ File amended in(ormation or %om'laint

DENIED $ Pro%eed wit" arrai&nment and trial) and in %ase o( adverse de%ision) (ile an a''eal assi&nin& as error t"e denial o( t"e motion to <uas"! I( t"e denial o( t"e motion to <uas" is tainted wit" &rave abuse o( dis%retion amountin& to la%* or e0%ess o( >urisdi%tion) (ile 'etition (or %ertiorari wit" tem'orary restrainin& order .+2 R62 in relation to +6 R98/

DENIED $ Pro%eed wit" arrai&nment and trial) and in %ase o( adverse de%ision) (ile an a''eal assi&nin& as error t"e denial o( t"e motion to <uas"! I( t"e denial o( t"e motion to <uas" is tainted wit" &rave abuse o( dis%retion amountin& to la%* or e0%ess o( >urisdi%tion) (ile 'etition (or %ertiorari wit" tem'orary restrainin& order .+2 R62 in relation to +6 R98/

&2 "4A" %" +O&S NO" CON'O!# S*.S"AN"%A//5 "O "4& P!&SC!%.&+ 'O!# ,RANTED

32

Remedial Law Review Notes under Atty Ferdinand Tan CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Notes by Paul Lemuel E! C"ave#

File amended in(ormation or %om'laint

DENIED $ Pro%eed wit" arrai&nment and trial) and in %ase o( adverse de%ision) (ile an a''eal assi&nin& as error t"e denial o( t"e motion to <uas"! I( t"e denial o( t"e motion to <uas" is tainted wit" &rave abuse o( dis%retion amountin& to la%* or e0%ess o( >urisdi%tion) (ile 'etition (or %ertiorari wit" tem'orary restrainin& order .+2 R62 in relation to +6 R98/

%ertiorari wit" tem'orary restrainin& order .+2 R62 in relation to +6 R98/

)2 "4A" C!%#%NA/ AC"%ON O! /%A.%/%"5 4AS .&&N &E"%N)*%S4&+ A*a 'res%ri'tion o( %rime and liability ,RANTED $ A%<uittal

'2 "4A" #O!& "4AN ON& O''&NS& %S C4A!)&+0 e3cept0 when a single punishment for various offenses is prescribed Relate to R224 +23$ a %riminal %om'laint or in(ormation must %"ar&e only one o((ense) e0%e't w"en t"e law 'res%ribes a sin&le 'unis"ment (or various o((enses Relate to R2-4 +3 :failure to file motion to @uash;$ w"en - or more o((enses are %"ar&ed in a sin&le %om'laint or in(ormation but a%%used (ails to ob>e%t it be(ore trial) t"e %ourt s"all %onvi%t "im o( as many o((enses as are %"ar&ed and 'roved) and im'ose on "im t"e 'enalty (or ea%" o((ense) settin& out se'arately t"e (indin&s o( (a%t and law in ea%" o((ense

1asis R225 +9$ an order sustainin& a motion to <uas" is not a bar to anot"er 'rose%ution (or t"e same o((ense unless t"e motion was based on t"e &rounds s'e%i(ied in se%tion 3& and i o( t"is Rule DENIED $ Pro%eed wit" arrai&nment and trial) and in %ase o( adverse de%ision) (ile an a''eal assi&nin& as error t"e denial o( t"e motion to <uas"! I( t"e denial o( t"e motion to <uas" is tainted wit" &rave abuse o( dis%retion amountin& to la%* or e0%ess o( >urisdi%tion) (ile 'etition (or %ertiorari wit" tem'orary restrainin& order .+2 R62 in relation to +6 R98/

,RANTED $ File amended %om'laint or in(ormation

42 "4A" %" CON"A%NS A,&!#&N"S (4%C40 %' "!*&0 (O*/+ CONS"%"*"& A /&)A/ &EC*S& O! J*S"%'%CA"%ON ,RANTED $ File amended %om'laint or in(ormation

DENIED $ Pro%eed wit" arrai&nment and trial) and in %ase o( adverse de%ision) (ile an a''eal assi&nin& as error t"e denial o( t"e motion to <uas"! I( t"e denial o( t"e motion to <uas" is tainted wit" &rave abuse o( dis%retion amountin& to la%* or e0%ess o( >urisdi%tion) (ile 'etition (or

DENIED $ Pro%eed wit" arrai&nment and trial) and in %ase o( adverse de%ision) (ile an a''eal assi&nin& as error t"e denial o( t"e motion to <uas"! I( t"e denial o( t"e motion to <uas" is tainted wit" &rave abuse o( dis%retion amountin& to la%* or e0%ess o( >urisdi%tion) (ile 'etition (or

3-

Remedial Law Review Notes under Atty Ferdinand Tan CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Notes by Paul Lemuel E! C"ave#

%ertiorari wit" tem'orary restrainin& order .+2 R62 in relation to +6 R98/

%2

"4A" "4& ACC*S&+ 4A+ .&&N P!&,%O*S/5 CON,%C"&+ O! AC?*%""&+ O' "4& O''&NS& C4A!)&+0 O! "4& CAS& A)A%NS" 4%# (AS +%S#%SS&+ O! O"4&!(%S& "&!#%NA"&+ (%"4O*" 4%S 'A*/"

a''eal assi&nin& as error t"e denial o( t"e motion to <uas"! I( t"e denial o( t"e motion to <uas" is tainted wit" &rave abuse o( dis%retion amountin& to la%* or e0%ess o( >urisdi%tion) (ile 'etition (or %ertiorari wit" tem'orary restrainin& order .+2 R62 in relation to +6 R98/

E0%e'tions to Double ;eo'ardy R225 +5 A"en an a%%used "as $ $ been %onvi%ted or a%<uitted) or t"e %ase a&ainst "im dismissed or ot"erwise terminated wit"out "is e0'ress %onsent by a %ourt o( %om'etent >urisdi%tion) o u'on a valid in(ormation or %om'laint or

A*a DOU1LE ;EOPARDG Constitutional re<uisites 2! Calid %riminal %om'laint or in(ormation -! Filed be(ore a %om'etent %ourt 3! To w"i%" de(endant "ad 'leaded 6! O( w"i%" "e "ad been 'reviously a%<uitted or %onvi%ted or w"i%" was dismissed or ot"erwise terminated wit"out "is e0'ress %onsent Constitutional basis A3 +-2$ No 'erson s"all be twi%e 'ut in >eo'ardy or 'unis"ment FOR T?E +AME OFFEN+E .I( di((erent o((enses) essentially t"e same elements/! I( an a%t is 'unis"ed by law and an ordinan%e) %onvi%tion or a%<uittal under eit"er s"all %onstitute a bar to anot"er 'rose%ution (or t"e same a%t

ot"er (ormal %"ar&e su((i%ient in (orm and substan%e to sustain a %onvi%tion and a(ter t"e a%%used "as 'leaded to t"e %"ar&e)

t"e %onvi%tion or a%<uittal o( a%%used or dismissal o( t"e %ase s"all be a bar $ to anot"er 'rose%ution (or t"e o((ense %"ar&ed) or (or any attem't to %ommit t"e same or (rustration t"ereo() or (or any o((ense w"i%" ne%essarily in%ludes or is ne%essarily in%luded in t"e o((ense %"ar&ed in t"e (ormer %om'laint or in(ormation

,RANTED $ A%<uittal o Remedy APPEAL not t"e %riminal as'e%t) but t"e %ivil as'e%t

DENIED $ Pro%eed wit" arrai&nment and trial) and in %ase o( adverse de%ision) (ile an

?OAECER) Convi%tion o( a%%used s"all not be a bar to anot"er 'rose%ution (or an o((ense w"i%" ne%essarily in%ludes t"e o((ense %"ar&ed in t"e

33

Remedial Law Review Notes under Atty Ferdinand Tan CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Notes by Paul Lemuel E! C"ave#

(ormer %om'laint or in(ormation under any o( t"e (( instan%es $ &raver o((ense develo'ed due to su'ervenin& (a%ts arisin& (rom same a%t or omission %onstitutin& t"e (ormer %"ar&e

T"e 'rovisional dismissal o( o((enses 'unis"able by im'risonment not e0%eedin& 9 years or a (ine o( any amount or bot") $ s"all be%ome 'ermanent 2 year a(ter issuan%e o( t"e order) wit"out t"e %ase "avin& been revived by

(a%ts %onstitutin& t"e &raver %"ar&e be%ame *nown or were dis%overed only a(ter a 'lea was entered in t"e (ormer %om'laint or in(ormation

Ait" res'e%t to o((enses 'unis"able im'risonment o( more t"an 9 years) $

t"eir 'rovisional dismissal s"all be%ome 'ermanent - years a(ter issuan%e o( t"e order wit"out t"e %ase "avin& been revived

t"e 'lea o( &uilty to t"e lesser o((ense was made wit"out %onsent o( t"e 'rose%utor and o( t"e o((ended 'arty) e0%e't as 'rovided in 2( o( Rule 229

Re<uisites (or 'rovisional dismissal 2! E0'ress Con(ormity o( t"e A%%used I( wala) a%<uittal is 'ro'er -! I( 'enalty is "i&"er t"an 9 years) Provisional dismissal be%omes 'ermanent years (rom issuan%e o( t"e order or servi%e o( t"e order 3! I( 'enalty is lower t"an 9 years) Provisional dismissal be%omes 'ermanent 2 year (rom issuan%e o( t"e order or servi%e o( t"e order) wit"out t"e %ase "avin& been revived

R229 2( .EHCEPTION/ Private o((ended 'arty s"all be re<uired to a''ear at t"e arrai&nment (or 'ur'oses o( o o o 'lea bar&ainin& determination o( %ivil liability ot"er matters re<uirin& "is 'resen%e

In %ase o( (ailure o( o((ended 'arty to a''ear des'ite due noti%e) %ourt may allow a%%used to enter a 'lea o( &uilty to a lesser o((ense w"i%" is ne%essarily in%luded in t"e o((ense %"ar&ed wit" t"e %on(ormity o( t"e trial 'rose%utor alone

.%ont o( 225 +5/ In any o( t"e (ore&oin& %ases) w"ere t"e a%%used satis(ies or serves in w"ole or in 'art t"e >ud&ment) "e s"all be %redited wit" t"e same in t"e event o( %onvi%tion (or t"e &raver o((ense! FOR FAILURE TO FILE MOTION TO @UA+? FOR ILLE,ALITG OF ARRE+T as under R225 +3%) $ T"e &round s"all be DEEMED AAICED

PROCI+IONAL DI+MI++AL .R225 +:/ A %ase s"all not be 'rovisionally dismissed e0%e't $ wit" e0'ress %onsent o( a%%used and wit" noti%e to o((ended 'arty

Can t"ere be motion to <uas" in summary 'ro%eedin&sB ,ENERAL RULE NO) be%ause it is a 'ro"ibited 'leadin& .motion to <uas" t"e %om'laint or in(ormation L+27a) +umm ProM/

36

Remedial Law Review Notes under Atty Ferdinand Tan CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Notes by Paul Lemuel E! C"ave#

EHCEPTION la%* o( >urisdi%tion over t"e o((ense %"ar&ed

Motion to Quash Rule 117 Before arraignment 9 grounds under S3 R117 Not goes into merits of the case but anchored on matters not directly related to question of guilt or innocence of accused Motion to Quash Rule 117 $riminal %rocedure Before arraignment

Demurrer to evidence (Criminal Cases) Rule 119 S23 After the prosecution rested its case nsufficiency of e!idence"inadequacy of e!idence adduced by prosecution in support of accusation

3g or 3i+ and granted+ remedy is to file amended complaint or information+ because not a bar to another prosecution for the same offense

)e3cept in case of 'ilful and deliberate forum shopping+ 'hich operates as dismissal 'ith pre5udice*

%,2

#O"%ON 'O! A#&N+#&N" O' "4& %N'O!#A"%ON-C!%#%NA/ CO#P/A%N" :.efore Plea;

R224 +26 A %riminal %om'laint or in(ormation may be amended) in (orm or in substan%e) Motion to Dismiss Rule 1# $i!il %rocedure &ithin the time for but before filing ans'er to the complaint or pleading asserting a claim 9 grounds )R1# S1* f denied+ file ans'er 'ithin balance of the period 'hich shall not be less than / days in any e!ent+ counted from notice of denial+ proceed 'ith trial+ and 'hen decision is ad!erse+ file an appeal assigning as error the denial of the motion to dismiss, f the denial is tainted 'ith -A.+ $ertiorari under Rule #/ f granted on ground of litis pendencia+ res 5udicata+ paid 'ai!ed abandoned other'ise e3tinguished+ or prescription+ dismissal is 'ith pre5udice+ hence+ appeal is proper remedy f granted on other grounds aside from abo!e stated+ re filing is the proper remedy $ wit"out leave o( %ourt) o at any time be(ore a%%used enters "is 'lea

1( grounds )R117 S3* f denied+ proceed 'ith arraignment and trial+ 'hen decision is ad!erse+ file an appeal assigning as error the denial of the motion to quash, f the denial is tainted 'ith -A."!iolati!e of due process+ $ertiorari under Rule #/ 0 1R2

A(ter t"e 'lea and durin& t"e trial) a (ormal amendment may only be made $ $ wit" leave o( %ourt and w"en it %an be done wit"out %ausin& 're>udi%e to t"e ri&"ts o( t"e a%%used

?owever) any amendment be(ore 'lea) w"i%" $ down&rades nature %"ar&ed in or o( t"e o((ense

e0%ludes any a%%used %om'laint or in(ormation) o

(rom

t"e

f granted+ on ground is e3tinguishment )3g* or .4 )3i*+ accused is acquitted f granted+ ground is .4+ appeal may still be filed+ but only 'ith respect to the ci!il aspect+ no longer the criminal aspect f on other grounds not

Can be done only u'on motion by 'rose%utor) Ait" noti%e to o((ended 'arty) Ait" leave o( %ourt

o o

T"e %ourt s"all state its reasons in resolvin& t"e motion and %o'ies o( its order s"all be (urnis"ed all 'arties) es'e%ially t"e o((ended 'arty!

38

Remedial Law Review Notes under Atty Ferdinand Tan CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Notes by Paul Lemuel E! C"ave#

I( it a''ears at any time be(ore >ud&ment t"at a mista*e "as been made in %"ar&in& t"e 'ro'er o((ense) $ T"e %ourt s"all dismiss t"e ori&inal %om'laint or in(ormation u'on (ilin& o( a new one %"ar&in& t"e 'ro'er o((ense in a%%ordan%e wit" R227 +2) 'rovided t"e a%%used would not be 'la%ed in double >eo'ardy

Testimony o( said a%%used %an be substantially %orroborated in its material 'oints

+aid a%%used does not a''ear to be t"e most &uilty

T"e %ourt may re<uire t"e witnesses to &ive bail (or t"eir a''earan%e at t"e trial!

+aid a%%used "as not at any time been %onvi%ted o( any %rime involvin& moral tur'itude

!!Amendment be(ore 'lea w"i%" downgrades nature of the offense charged in or e3cludes any accused from the complaint or information!! 2st underlined statement$ Relate to R227 +25 .DI+C?AR,E OF ACCU+ED TO 1ECOME +TATE AITNE++/ A"en - or more 'ersons are >ointly %"ar&ed wit" t"e %ommission o( any o((ense) u'on 'rose%ution o( t"e 'rose%ution be(ore restin& its %ase) t"e %ourt may dire%t one or more o( t"e a%%used to be dis%"ar&ed wit" t"eir %onsent so t"at t"ey may be witnesses (or t"e state w"en) a(ter re<uirin& t"e 'rose%ution to 'resent eviden%e and t"e sworn statement o( ea%" 'ro'osed state witness at a "earin& in su''ort o( t"e dis%"ar&e) t"e %ourt is satis(ied t"at $ T"ere is absolute ne%essity (or testimony o( t"e a%%used w"ose dis%"ar&e is re<uested

Eviden%e addu%ed in su''ort o( t"e dis%"ar&e s"all automati%ally (orm 'art o( t"e trial! I( t"e %ourt denies t"e motion (or dis%"ar&e o( a%%used as a state witness) "is sworn statement s"all be inadmissible in eviden%e!

-nd statement$ Dismissal o( a%%used

Amendment Amended complaint is necessarily included in the pre!ious charge Not

Substitution Ne' offense Arraignment"preliminary in!estigation is required &ith lea!e of court

T"ere is no dire%t eviden%e available (or 'ro'er 'rose%ution o( t"e o((ense %ommitted) e0%e't testimony o( said a%%used

&ith or 'ithout lea!e of court 6ffect if granted is 6ffect if granted is amend complaint or acquittal of accused information or acquittal if .4 )7R28 B6.A N216S* n!ol!es either formal or n!ol!es substantial substantial charges change from original charge Amendment before plea+ &ith lea!e of court+ 'ith or 'ithout lea!e of original information has court to be dismissed As to form+ no need for Need for another another % Refers to same offense %resupposes that ne' charged in original information in!ol!es a information or to an different offense offense 'hich necessarily includes or is necessarily included in

39

Remedial Law Review Notes under Atty Ferdinand Tan CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Notes by Paul Lemuel E! C"ave#

the original charge Accused could in!o9e double 5eopardy

Accused cannot double 5eopardy

claim

TE+T TO DETERMINE w"et"er Amendment or +ubstitution I( de(ense o( t"e a%%used would be rendered null) not serve its 'ur'ose) $ I( not) $ AMENDMENT +U1+TITUTION

24! Must be veri(ied and a%%om'anied by an a((idavit o( merit i( t"e &round (or t"e motion is FAME

22! +"all state t"e (ollowin& .R28 +3/

a! Relie( sou&"t to be obtained b! ,rounds u'on w"i%" it is based and %! I( re<uired by t"ese Rules or ne%essary to 'rove (a%ts alle&ed t"erein) s"all be su''orted by su''ortin& a((idavits and ot"er 'a'ers

Can t"ere be amendment to %on(orm to eviden%e in %riminal 'ro%edureB GE+) w"en (a%ts 'roved are di((erent (rom t"e (a%ts %"ar&ed

In %ase o( mista*e in %"ar&in& t"e 'ro'er o((ense) $ Amendment (ollows o T"e ori&inal %om'laint or in(ormation s"all be dismissed

2-! Motion is set (or "earin& by a''li%ant .R28 +6/

23! Noti%e o( "earin& addressed to all 'arties %on%erned) s'e%i(yin& t"e time and date o( "earin& w"i%" must not be later t"an 24 days a(ter t"e (ilin& o( t"e motion .R28 +8/

In %ase o( de(e%t in matters o( (orm or %leri%al errors) $ Amendment is allowed

26! Motion and noti%e o( "earin& must be served at least 3 days be(ore t"e date o( "earin& .3 day noti%e rule/

+ubstantial amendments) su%" as in motion to <uas" and motion to amend) Re<uires ARITTEN MOTION !e@uisites of a valid motion: 7! In writin&) Le0%e't t"ose made u'on in o'en %ourt or in t"e %ourse o( a "earin& or trial M .R28 +-/

28! Proo( o( servi%e o( t"e motion R23 +23 Proo( o( 'ersonal servi%e s"all %onsist o( $ $ Aritten admission o( 'arty served or O((i%ial return o( t"e server or

35

Remedial Law Review Notes under Atty Ferdinand Tan CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Notes by Paul Lemuel E! C"ave#

A((idavit o( t"e 'arty servin& %ontainin& a (ull statement o( t"e date) 'la%e) and manner o( servi%e

I( t"e 'rivate 'rose%utor (iled a motion) t"e motion s"ould bear %on(ormity o( t"e 'ubli% 'rose%utor) (ollowin& R224 +8 $ I( not) t"en t"e motion %an be denied

I( by servi%e is by ordinary mail) 'roo( t"ereo( s"all %onsist o( an a((idavit o( t"e 'erson mailin& o( (a%ts s"owin& %om'lian%e wit" +5 o( t"is Rule! I( servi%e is by re&istered mail) 'roo( s"all be made by su%" a((idavit and re&istry re%ei't issued by t"e mailin& o((i%e T"e re&istry return %ard s"all be (iled immediately u'on its re%ei't by t"e sender) or in lieu t"ereo() t"e un%laimed letter to&et"er wit" t"e %erti(ied or sworn %o'y o( t"e noti%e &iven by t"e 'ostmaster to t"e addressee! 29! I( t"e motion is not served to t"e ot"er 'arty by 'ersonal servi%e) su%" mode resorted to must be a%%om'anied by a written e0'lanation w"y t"e servi%e or (ilin& was not done 'ersonally! A violation o( t"is Rule may be %ause to %onsider t"e 'a'er as not (iled .R23 +22/

,2

.A%/ RULE 226 .Pertinent Provisions/

Constitutional basis A3 +23 All 'enalties e0%e't t"ose %"ar&ed wit" o((enses 'unis"able by RP w"en eviden%e o( &uilt is stron& s"all) be(ore %onvi%tion) be bailable by su((i%ient sureties or be released on re%o&ni#an%e as may be 'rovided by law! T"e ri&"t to bail s"all not be im'aired even w"en t"e 'rivile&e o( t"e writ o( "abeas %or'us is sus'ended! E0%essive bail s"all not be re<uired!

1ail .DEFINITION/$ R226 +2 1ail is t"e se%urity &iven (or t"e release o( a 'erson in %ustody o( t"e law) (urnis"ed by "im or a bondsman) to &uarantee "is a''earan%e be(ore any %ourt as re<uired under t"e %onditions "ereinunder s'e%i(ied!

&ffect of failure to comply with Sections0 60 C0 D of !ule 1C 8! Pt"e motion s"all be treated as a wort"less 'ie%e o( 'a'er w"i%" t"e %ler* o( %ourt "as no ri&"t to re%eive and t"e %ourt "as no aut"ority to a%t u'on .mere s%ra' o( 'a'er/ 9! It does not interru't t"e runnin& o( t"e 'res%ri'tiveFre&lementary 'eriod (or t"e (ilin& o( t"e re<uisite 'leadin& 5! It will be &round (or denial o( t"e motion :! T"e motion s"all be %onsidered as not (iled

Instan%es w"en bail %an be 'osted 2! A(ter a%%used is ta*en into %ustody by virtue o( warrant o( arrest

-! A(ter (ilin& o( in(ormation

Forms o( 1ail .R226 +2/ 1ail may be &iven in t"e (orm o( 2! %or'orate se%urity)

3:

Remedial Law Review Notes under Atty Ferdinand Tan CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Notes by Paul Lemuel E! C"ave#

-! 'ro'erty bond) 3! %as" de'osit) or 6! re%o&ni#an%e

12 .A%/ AS A #A""&! O' !%)4" R226 +6 All 'ersons in %ustody s"all be admitted to bail as a matter o( ri&"t) wit" su((i%ient sureties) or released on re%o&ni#an%e as 'res%ribed by law or t"is Rule) $ .efore or after conviction by t"e #"C) MuTC) MuTC in Cities) MCTC .efore conviction by !"C o( an offense not punishable by !P0 /%

Conditions (or bail .R226 +-/ $ underta*in& s"all be e((e%tive u'on a''roval) and unless %an%elled) s"all remain in (or%e at all sta&es o( t"e %ase until 'romul&ation o( t"e >ud&ment o( t"e RTC) irres'e%tive o( w"et"er t"e %ase was ori&inally (iled in or a''ealed to it

72 .A%/ AS A #A""&! O' +%SC!&"%ON $ a%%used s"all a''ear be(ore t"e 'ro'er %ourt w"enever re<uired by t"e %ourt or t"ese Rules R226 +8 *pon conviction by !"C o( an offense not punishable by death0 !P0 /%) admission to bail is dis%retionary A''li%ation (or bail must be (iled and a%ted u'on by t"e trial %ourt des'ite t"e (ilin& o( a''eal) 'rovided it "as not transmitted t"e ori&inal re%ord to t"e a''ellate %ourt! $ ?owever) i( t"e de%ision o( t"e trial %ourt %onvi%tin& t"e a%%used %"an&ed t"e nature o( t"e o((ense (rom non bailable to bailable) a''li%ation (or bail %an only be (iled wit" and re%eived by t"e a''ellate %ourt +"ould t"e %ourt &rant t"e a''li%ation) t"e a%%used may be allowed to %ontinue on 'rovisional liberty durin& t"e 'enden%y o( t"e a''eal under t"e same bail sub>e%t to t"e %onsent o( t"e bondsman TC is

(ailure o( a%%used to a''ear at t"e trial wit"out >usti(i%ation and de'ite due noti%e s"all be deemed a waiver o( "is ri&"t to be 'resent t"ereat! In su%" %ase) trial may 'ro%eed in absentia) and

bondsman s"all surrender t"e a%%used to t"e %ourt (or e0e%ution o( t"e (inal >ud&ment $

T"e ori&inal 'a'ers s"all state 2! (ull name and address o( a%%used) -! amount o( underta*in& 3! %onditions re<uired by t"is +e%tion P"oto&ra'"s .'ass'ort si#e/ ta*en wit"in t"e last 9 mont"s s"owin& t"e (a%e) le(t and ri&"t 'ro(iles o( t"e a%%used must be atta%"ed to t"e bail!

I( t"e 'enalty im'osed by t"e imprisonment e3ceeding D years) $ $ A%%used s"all be denied bail) or ?is bail s"all be %an%elled)

Jinds o( 1ail

37

Remedial Law Review Notes under Atty Ferdinand Tan CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Notes by Paul Lemuel E! C"ave#

u'on s"owin& by 'rose%ution) wit" noti%e to t"e a%%used) o( t"e (ollowin& or ot"er similar %ir%umstan%es

a&&ravated by t"e %ir%umstan%e o( reitera%ion

a! t"at "e is a re%idivist) <uasi re%idivist) "abitual delin<uent) or "as %ommitted t"e %rime a&&ravated by t"e %ir%umstan%e o( reitera%ion

b! t"at "e "as 'reviously es%a'ed (rom le&al %on(inement) evaded senten%e) or violated %onditions o( "is bail wit"out valid >usti(i%ation

%! b! t"at "e "as 'reviously es%a'ed (rom le&al %on(inement) evaded senten%e) or violated %onditions o( "is bail wit"out valid >usti(i%ation

t"at "e %ommitted t"e o((ense w"ile under 'robation) 'arole) %onditional 'ardon

d! t"at t"e %ir%umstan%es o( "is %ase indi%ate t"e 'robability o( (li&"t i( released on bail

%!

t"at "e %ommitted t"e o((ense w"ile under 'robation) 'arole) %onditional 'ardon

e! t"at t"ere is undue ris* t"at "e may %ommit anot"er %rime durin& 'enden%y o( t"e a''eal

d! t"at t"e %ir%umstan%es o( "is %ase indi%ate t"e 'robability o( (li&"t i( released on bail

+9$ Ca'ital o((ense O((ense w"i%") under t"e law e0istin& at t"e time o( its %ommission and o( a''li%ation to bail) may be 'unis"ed wit" Deat"

e! t"at t"ere is undue ris* t"at "e may %ommit anot"er %rime durin& 'enden%y o( t"e a''eal T"e a''ellate %ourt may) motu 'ro'rio or u'on motion o( any 'arty) review t"e resolution o( t"e RTC a(ter noti%e to t"e adverse 'arty in eit"er %ase!

A(ter %onvi%tion) bail s"all be dis%retionary! EHCEPT a! t"at "e is a re%idivist) <uasi re%idivist) "abitual delin<uent) or "as %ommitted t"e %rime

+5$ Ca'ital o((ense or an o((ense 'unis"able by RP or LI) Not bailable No 'erson %"ar&ed wit" a %a'ital o((ense) or an o((ense 'unis"able by RP or LI) s"all be admitted to bail when evidence of guilt is

64

Remedial Law Review Notes under Atty Ferdinand Tan CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Notes by Paul Lemuel E! C"ave#

strong) re&ardless o( t"e sta&e o( t"e %riminal 'rose%ution!

(!

wei&"t o( a%%used

eviden%e

a&ainst

Ma"" r #$ )is!r "i#n "# ) " rmin &% "% r +i) n! #$ guil" is s"r#ng, * !aus i$ n#", "% n *ail s%#ul) * gran" )

&! 'robability o( a%%used a''earin& at trial

"! (or(eiture o( ot"er bail +:$ 1urden o( 'roo( in a''li%ation (or bail At a "earin& o( an a''li%ation (or bail (iled by a 'erson in %ustody (or %ommission o( o((ense 'unis"able by deat") RP) LI) $ 'rose%ution "as t"e burden o( s"owin& t"at t"e eviden%e o( &uilt is stron& i! (a%t t"at a%%used was (u&itive (rom >usti%e w"en arrested

>!

T"e eviden%e 'resented durin& t"e bail "earin& s"all be %onsidered automati%ally re'rodu%ed at t"e trial but) u'on motion o( eit"er 'arty) t"e %ourt may re%all any witness (or additional e0amination unless t"e latter is dead) outside t"e P"ils) or ot"erwise unable to testi(y

'enden%y o( ot"er %ases w"en a%%used is on bail

E0%essive bail s"all not be re<uired

+7$ Fa%ts to %onsider amount o( bail a! (inan%ial ability o( a%%used to &ive bail

b! nature and %ir%umstan%es o( t"e o((ense

R226 +-2 'rovides t"at w"en 'resen%e o( a%%used is re<uired by %ourt or t"ese Rules) "is bondsmen s"all be noti(ied to 'rodu%e "im be(ore t"e %ourt on a &iven date and time! I( a%%used (ails to a''ear in 'erson as re<uired) "is bail s"all be de%lared (or(eitedF%on(is%ated) and bondsmen is &iven 34 days wit"in w"i%" to 'rodu%e 'rin%i'al and s"ow %ause w"y no >ud&ment s"ould be rendered a&ainst t"em (or t"e amount o( t"eir bail!!! IF 1AIL I+ CONFI+CATED) remedy $ Motion (or re%onsideration .R62 +2 R98 +6/ Denied) Certiorari Rule 98

%!

'enalty (or o((ense %"ar&ed $

d! %"ara%ter a%%used

and

re'utation

o(

1asis %on(is%ation o( bail is interlo%utory Order of Confiscation of Bond nterlocutory order+ hence+ remedy is certiorari R#/ Judgment on Bond 7inal 5udgment+ hence+ remedy is appeal

e! a&e and "ealt" o( a%%used

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Remedial Law Review Notes under Atty Ferdinand Tan CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Notes by Paul Lemuel E! C"ave#

AMENDMENT+ OF AM 8$:$-9$+C on Rule 226 +25$ 1ail) w"ere (iled a! 1ail in t"e amount (i0ed may be (iled wit" t"e %ourt w"ere t"e %ase is 'endin&) or in t"e absen%e or unavailability o( t"e >ud&e t"ereo() wit" any re&ional trial >ud&e) metro'olitan trial >ud&e) muni%i'al trial >ud&e) or muni%i'al %ir%uit trial >ud&e in t"e 'rovin%e) %ity) or muni%i'ality! I( t"e a%%used is arrested in a 'rovin%e) %ity) or muni%i'ality ot"er t"an w"ere t"e %ase is 'endin&) bail may also be (iled wit" any re&ional trial %ourt o( t"e said 'la%e) or i( no >ud&e t"ereo( is available) wit" any metro'olitan trial >ud&e) muni%i'al trial >ud&e) or muni%i'al %ir%uit trial >ud&e t"erein

investi&ated or (iled t"e %ase! U'on submission o( a 'ro'er %erti(i%ate o( de'osit and a written underta*in& s"owin& %om'lian%e wit" t"e re<uirements o( +- o( t"is Rule) the warden or the person having custody of the accused shall release him without necessity of further orders from the court! T"e money de'osited s"all be %onsidered as bail and a''lied to t"e 'ayment o( (ine and %osts w"ile t"e e0%ess) i( any) s"all be returned to t"e a%%used or to w"oever made t"e de'osit!

OT?ER PERTINENT PROCI+ION+ +24$ Cor'orate surety Any domesti% or (orei&n %or'oration) li%ensed as a surety in a%%ordan%e wit" law and %urrently aut"ori#ed to a%t as su%") may 'rovide bail by a bond subs%ribed >ointly by t"e a%%used and an o((i%er o( t"e %or'oration duly aut"ori#ed by its board o( dire%tors! +2-$ @uali(i%ations o( sureties in 'ro'erty bond

b! A"ere t"e &rant o( bail is a matter o( dis%retion) or t"e a%%used see*s to be released on re%o&ni#an%e) t"e a''li%ation may be (iled only in the court where the case is pending0 on trial or on appeal

T"e <uali(i%ation o( sureties in a 'ro'erty bond s"all be as (ollows a! Ea%" must be a resident owner o( real estate wit"in t"e P"ili''ines

%!

Any 'erson in %ustody w"o is not yet %"ar&ed in %ourt may a''ly (or bail wit" any %ourt in t"e 'rovin%e) %ity) or muni%i'ality w"ere "e is "eld

b! A"ere t"ere is only one surety) "is real estate must be wort" at least t"e amount o( t"e underta*in&

%! +26$ De'osit o( %as" as bail T"e a%%used or any 'erson a%tin& in "is be"al( may de'osit in as" wit" t"e nearest %olle%tor o( internal revenue or 'rovin%ial) muni%i'al) or %ity treasurer) or clerF of court where the case is pending0 t"e amount o( bail (i0ed by t"e %ourt) or re%ommended by t"e 'rose%utor w"o

I( t"ere are - or more ot"er sureties) ea%" may >usti(y in an amount less t"an t"at e0'ressed in t"e underta*in& but t"e a&&re&ate o( t"e >usti(ied sums must be e<uivalent to t"e w"ole amount o( t"e bail demanded

In all %ases) every surety must be wort" t"e amount s'e%i(ied in "is own underta*in& over and above all >ust debts) obli&ations) and 'ro'erties e0em't (rom e0e%ution!

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Remedial Law Review Notes under Atty Ferdinand Tan CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Notes by Paul Lemuel E! C"ave#

+28$ Re%o&ni#an%e A"enever allowed by law or t"ese Rules) t"e %ourt may release a 'erson in %ustody or "is own re%o&ni#an%e or t"at o( a res'onsible 'erson!

8! In %ase o( %ases &overned by Rules on +ummary Pro%edure) EHCEPT

a! A"en warrant o( arrest is issued (or (ailure to a''ear w"en re<uired by %ourt b! A"en a%%used is a re%idivist) (u&itive (rom >usti%e) or %"ar&ed wit" '"ysi%al in>uries %! A"en a%%used does not reside in t"e 'la%e w"ere t"e violation o( law or ordinan%e is %ommitted

PP+-9$ 1ail not a bar to ob>e%tions on ille&al arrest) la%* o( or irre&ular 'reliminary investi&ation An a''li%ation (or or admission to bail s"all not bar t"e a%%used (rom %"allen&in& validity o( "is arrest or t"e le&ality o( t"e warrant issued t"ere(or) or (rom assailin& t"e re&ularity or <uestionin& t"e absen%e o( a 'reliminary investi&ation o( t"e %"ar&e a&ainst "im) 'rovided t"at "e raises t"em be(ore enterin& "is 'lea! T"e %ourt s"all resolve t"e matter as early as 'ra%ti%able but not later t"an t"e start o( t"e trial o( t"e %ase!

d! ?as no *nown residen%e

9! A"en a%%used started to serve "is senten%e

(hen bail is not necessary: 2! A"en 'erson is in %ustody (or a 'eriod e<ual to or more t"an t"e 'ossible ma0imum im'risonment 'res%ribed (or t"e o((ense %"ar&ed .A?EN MAHIMUM PENALTG I+ +ERCED/$ R226 +29

A"en bail is e0%essive) (ile a motion (or redu%tion o( bail .R226 +-4/

,%2

#O"%ON 'O! PA!"%C*/A!S arraignment;

.%//

O' :before

R229 +7 -! A"en 'erson is in %ustody (or a 'eriod e<ual to or more t"an t"e minimum o( t"e 'rin%i'al 'enalty 'res%ribed (or t"e o((ensed %"ar&ed .MINIMUM PENALTG I+ +ERCED/$ R226 +29 Accused may) before arraignment) move (or a bill o( a 'arti%ulars to enable "im to 'ro'erly 'lead and 're'are (or trial! T"e motion s"all s'e%i(y t"e alle&ed de(e%ts o( t"e %om'laint or in(ormation and t"e details desired! Pur'ose to %lari(y ambi&uities in t"e in(ormation 3! A"en released on redu%ed bail or on re%o&ni#an%e Sa*i ni A""y Tan0 i3a& ang a!!us ), any )#u*" !r a" ) *y pr#s !u"i#n s r+ s in $a+#r #$ a!!us ), % n! , in !as #$ )#u*", a!!us ) s%#ul) * a!4ui"" )5 1/NC/, M#"i#n $#r 6ill #$ Par"i!ulars is n#" pra!"i!al $#r "% a!!us )5 6a3i" m# lilina&in7 2A2O 8A 6A7 / )i

6! A"en %rime is 'unis"able by (ine

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Remedial Law Review Notes under Atty Ferdinand Tan CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Notes by Paul Lemuel E! C"ave#

pinayagan m# lang silang lina&in yung !%arg s say# a" sigura)u%in pag3a3a3ul#ng m#555

NOTE 1y #O"%ON !e@uisites of a valid motion: 25! In writin&) Le0%e't t"ose made u'on in o'en %ourt or in t"e %ourse o( a "earin& or trial M .R28 +-/

Motion for Bill of Particulars in Civ Pro Rule 12 8ay be filed before responding to a pleading Address any matter in the pleading not a!erred 'ith sufficient definiteness or particularity %urpose is to prepare responsi!e pleading

Motion for Bill of Particulars in Crim Pro R11# S9 8ay be filed before arraignment Address alleged defects in the criminal complaint or information %urpose is to enable properly to plead and prepare for trial

2:! Must be veri(ied and a%%om'anied by an a((idavit o( merit i( t"e &round (or t"e motion is FAME

27! +"all state t"e (ollowin& .R28 +3/

Are there #odes of +iscoveries in Criminal Procedure GE+) relate to R-3 and R-6 .instan%esFmodes/ $ Conditional e0amination o( a witness on t"e 'art o( a%%used) w"ere witness "as no intention o( returnin& A"en witness is dead or i( not) is residin& more t"an 244*m (rom 'la%e o( trial or "earin&) or out o( P"ils) unless absen%e was 'ro%ured by 'arty o((erin& t"e de'osition Aitness is unable to attend or testi(y due to a&e) si%*ness) in(irmity) im'risonment Party o((erin& t"e de'osition "as been unable to 'ro%ure attendan%e o( witness by sub'oena E0%e'tional %ir%umstan%es in interest o( >usti%e In %ase o( 'rodu%tion or ins'e%tion o( do%uments Produ%tion or ins'e%tion o( material eviden%e in 'ossession o( 'rose%ution .R229 +24/

a! Relie( sou&"t to be obtained b! ,rounds u'on w"i%" it is based and %! I( re<uired by t"ese Rules or ne%essary to 'rove (a%ts alle&ed t"erein) s"all be su''orted by su''ortin& a((idavits and ot"er 'a'ers

-4! Motion is set (or "earin& by a''li%ant .R28 +6/

-2! Noti%e o( "earin& addressed to all 'arties %on%erned) s'e%i(yin& t"e time and date o( "earin& w"i%" must not be later t"an 24 days a(ter t"e (ilin& o( t"e motion .R28 +8/

--! Motion and noti%e o( "earin& must be served at least 3 days be(ore t"e date o( "earin& .3 day noti%e rule/

-3! Proo( o( servi%e o( t"e motion

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Remedial Law Review Notes under Atty Ferdinand Tan CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Notes by Paul Lemuel E! C"ave#

R23 +23 Proo( o( 'ersonal servi%e s"all %onsist o( $ $ $ Aritten admission o( 'arty served or O((i%ial return o( t"e server or A((idavit o( t"e 'arty servin& %ontainin& a (ull statement o( t"e date) 'la%e) and manner o( servi%e

2-! T"e motion s"all be %onsidered as not (iled

In(ormation was (iled in %ourt) ;ud&e determines 'robable %ause) t"en issues (A!!AN" O' A!!&S"

I( by servi%e is by ordinary mail) 'roo( t"ereo( s"all %onsist o( an a((idavit o( t"e 'erson mailin& o( (a%ts s"owin& %om'lian%e wit" +5 o( t"is Rule! I( servi%e is by re&istered mail) 'roo( s"all be made by su%" a((idavit and re&istry re%ei't issued by t"e mailin& o((i%e T"e re&istry return %ard s"all be (iled immediately u'on its re%ei't by t"e sender) or in lieu t"ereo() t"e un%laimed letter to&et"er wit" t"e %erti(ied or sworn %o'y o( t"e noti%e &iven by t"e 'ostmaster to t"e addressee! -6! I( t"e motion is not served to t"e ot"er 'arty by 'ersonal servi%e) su%" mode resorted to must be a%%om'anied by a written e0'lanation w"y t"e servi%e or (ilin& was not done 'ersonally! A violation o( t"is Rule may be %ause to %onsider t"e 'a'er as not (iled .R23 +22/

Arrest R223 +2 Ta*in& o( a 'erson into %ustody in order t"at "e may be bound to answer (or t"e %ommission o( an o((ense

Re<uisites in order (or valid issuan%e o( warrant o( arrest A3 +- .wit" res'e%t to warrant o( arrest/ no warrant o( arrest s"all issue e0%e't 2! u'on 'robable %ause determined 'ersonally by a >ud&e under oat" or a((irmation o( t"e %om'lainant and witnesses "e may 'rodu%e) -! 'arti%ularly des%ribin& 'erson to be arrested

REMEDIE+ &ffect of failure to comply with Sections0 60 C0 D of !ule 1C 7! Pt"e motion s"all be treated as a wort"less 'ie%e o( 'a'er w"i%" t"e %ler* o( %ourt "as no ri&"t to re%eive and t"e %ourt "as no aut"ority to a%t u'on .mere s%ra' o( 'a'er/ 24! It does not interru't t"e runnin& o( t"e 'res%ri'tiveFre&lementary 'eriod (or t"e (ilin& o( t"e re<uisite 'leadin& 22! It will be &round (or denial o( t"e motion .efore issuance of warrant of arrest: File motion (or >udi%ial determination o( 'robable %ause IF DENIED) $ warrant o( arrest s"all be issued

IF ,RANTED) $ %ase is dismissed) a%%used is a%<uitted) double >eo'ardy arises

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Remedial Law Review Notes under Atty Ferdinand Tan CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Notes by Paul Lemuel E! C"ave#

(arrant of arrest was issued: File motion to <uas" warrant o( arrest

It s"all be t"e duty o( t"e o((i%er e0e%utin& t"e warrant to arrest t"e a%%used and deliver "im to t"e nearest 'oli%e station or >ail wit"out ne%essary delay! +6$ E0e%ution o( warrant T"e "ead o( t"e o((i%er to w"om t"e warrant o( arrest was delivered (or e0e%ution s"all %ause t"e warrant to be e0e%uted wit"in 24 days (rom its re%ei't! Ait"in 24 days a(ter t"e e0'iration o( t"e 'eriod) t"e o((i%er to w"om it was assi&ned (or e0e%ution s"all ma*e a re'ort to t"e >ud&e w"o issued t"e warrant! In %ase o( "is (ailure to e0e%ute t"e warrant) "e s"all state t"e reasons t"ere(or! +9$ Time o( ma*in& arrest An arrest may be made on any day and at any time o( t"e day or ni&"t!

I( e((e%tively 'la%ed into %ustody due to valid warrant o( arrest) a%%used %an 'ost bail .see bail dis%ussions/

Di((erentiate Aarrant o( Arrest vs In Custody o( t"e Law

+5$ Met"od o( arrest by o((i%er by virtue o( warrant A"en ma*in& an arrest by virtue o( a warrant) t"e o((i%er s"all in(orm t"e 'erson to be arrested o( t"e %ause o( t"e arrest and t"e (a%t t"at a warrant "as been issued (or "is arrest) e0%e't w"en "e (lees or (or%ibly resists be(ore t"e o((i%er "as o''ortunity to so in(orm "im) or w"en t"e &ivin& o( su%" in(ormation will im'eril t"e arrest! T"e o((i%er need not "ave t"e warrant in "is 'ossession at t"e time o( t"e arrest but a(ter t"e arrest) i( t"e 'erson arrested so re<uires) t"e warrant s"all be s"own to "im as soon as 'ra%ti%able! +:$ Met"od o( arrest by o((i%er wit"out warrant A"en ma*in& an arrest wit"out a warrant) t"e o((i%er s"all in(orm t"e 'erson to be arrested o( "is aut"ority and t"e %ause o( t"e arrest) unless t"e latter is eit"er en&a&ed in t"e %ommission o( an o((ense) is 'ursued immediately a(ter its %ommission) "as es%a'ed) (lees) or (or%ibly resists be(ore t"e o((i%er "as o''ortunity to so in(orm "im) or w"en t"e &ivin& o( su%" in(ormation will im'eril t"e arrest!

+-$ Arrest) "ow made An arrest is made by an a%tual restraint o( a 'erson to be arrested) or by "is submission to t"e %ustody o( t"e 'erson ma*in& t"e arrest! No eviden%e or unne%essary (or%e s"all be used in ma*in& an arrest! T"e 'erson arrested s"all not be sub>e%t to a &reater restrain t"an is ne%essary (or "is detention! +3$ Duty o( t"e arrestin& o((i%er

+7$ Met"od o( arrest by 'rivate 'erson A"en ma*in& an arrest) a 'rivate 'erson s"all in(orm t"e 'erson to be arrested o( t"e intention to arrest "im and t"e %ause o( t"e arrest) unless t"e latter is eit"er en&a&ed in t"e %ommission o( an o((ense) is 'ursued immediately a(ter its %ommission) or "as es%a'ed) (lees) or (or%ibly resists be(ore t"e 'erson ma*in& t"e

69

Remedial Law Review Notes under Atty Ferdinand Tan CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Notes by Paul Lemuel E! C"ave#

arrest "as o''ortunity to so in(orm "im) or w"en t"e &ivin& o( su%" in(ormation will im'eril t"e arrest!

+24$ O((i%er may summon assistan%e An o((i%er ma*in& a law(ul arrest may orally summon as many 'ersons as "e deems ne%essary to assist "im in e((e%tin& t"e arrest! Every 'erson so summoned by an o((i%er s"all assist "im in e((e%tin& t"e arrest w"en "e %an render su%" assistan%e wit"out detriment to "imsel(!

Court) a(ter 3 days (rom (ilin& o( t"e in(ormation) unless s"orter 'eriod is 'rovided (or by law) .A%%used already in %ustody/ ne0t sta&e A!!A%)N#&N" and P/&A Arrai&nment $ (ormal mode o( im'lementin& %onstitutional ri&"t o( t"e a%%used to be in(ormed o( t"e nature and t"e %ause o( t"e a%%usation a&ainst "im

+22$ Ri&"t o( o((i%er to brea* into a buildin& or en%losure An o((i%er) in order to ma*e an arrest eit"er by virtue o( a warrant or wit"out a warrant as 'rovided under +8) may brea* into any buildin& or en%losure w"ere t"e 'erson to be arrested is or is reasonably believed to be) i( "e is re(used admittan%e t"ereto) a(ter announ%in& "is aut"ority and 'ur'ose!

In s"ort) binabasa"an n& sa*dal .in%ludes "is ri&"t to %ounsel o( "is own %"oi%e= i( not &iven) t"en all 'ro%eedin&s s"all be NULL AND COID) in%ludin& t"e de%ision/

Constitutional basis A3 +26 .relate to Rule 228$ ri&"ts o( t"e a%%used/

+2-$ Ri&"t to brea* out (rom buildin& or en%losure A"enever an o((i%er "as entered t"e buildin& or en%losure in a%%ordan%e wit" t"e 're%edin& se%tion) "e may brea* out t"ere(rom w"en ne%essary to liberate "imsel(!

2! No 'erson s"all be "eld to answer wit"out due 'ro%ess o( law

+23$ Arrest a(ter es%a'e or res%ue I( a 'erson law(ully arrested es%a'es or is res%ued) any 'erson may immediately 'ursue or reta*e "im wit"out a warrant at any time and in any 'la%e wit"in t"e P"ili''ines!

-! In all %riminal 'ro%eedin&s) a%%used s"all be 'resumed inno%ent unless t"e %ontrary is 'roved .on t"e 'rose%ution to 'rove/) and s"all en>oy t"e ri&"t to

a! be "eard by "imsel( or "is %ounsel)

+26$ Ri&"t o( attorney or relative to visit 'erson Any member o( t"e P"ili''ine 1ar s"all) at t"e re<uest o( t"e 'erson arrested or o( anot"er a%tin& in "is be"al() "ave t"e ri&"t to visit and %on(er 'rivately wit" su%" 'erson in t"e >ail or any ot"er 'la%e o( %ustody at any "our o( t"e day or) o( t"e ni&"t! +ub>e%t to reasonable re&ulations) a relative o( t"e 'erson arrested %an also e0er%ise t"e same ri&"t!

b! be in(ormed o( t"e nature and %ause o( t"e a%%usation a&ainst "im

%!

"ave s'eedy) im'artial) 'ubli% trial

65

Remedial Law Review Notes under Atty Ferdinand Tan CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Notes by Paul Lemuel E! C"ave#

d! meet wit" witnesses (a%e to (a%e

s"all be arrai&ned wit"in 24 days (rom re%ei't by t"e >ud&e o( t"e re%ords o( t"e %ase .RA:673 a*a +'eedy Trial A%t/

e! "ave %om'ulsory 'ro%ess to se%ure attendan%e o( witness and 'rodu%tion o( eviden%e in "is be"al( ?owever) a(ter arrai&nment) trial may 'ro%eed notwit"standin& t"e absen%e o( t"e a%%used) 'rovided "e "as been duly noti(ied and "is (ailure to a''ear is un>usti(iable!

-! A"ere %om'lainant is about to de'art (rom t"e P"ils wit" no de(inite date o( return) a%%used s"ould be arrai&ned wit"out delay .RA674:/

3! Cases under RA5924 .C"ild Abuse A%t/) t"e trial s"all be %ommen%ed wit"in 3 days (rom arrai&nment

Co'y o( t"e %riminal %om'laintFin(ormation s"all be &iven to a%%used and %ounsel .(( AM -$2$2:$ +C a*a ;uveniles in Con(li%t wit" t"e Law/

A"ere arrai&nment is madeF"ow madeB 2! In o'en %ourt w"ere %om'laint or in(ormation "as been (iled or assi&ned (or trial -! 1y t"e >ud&e or %ler* o( %ourt 3! 1y (urnis"in& a%%used wit" a %o'y o( %om'laint or in(ormation 6! Readin& it in a lan&ua&e or diale%t *nown to a%%used 8! As*in& a%%used w"et"er "e 'leads &uilty or not &uilty 9! +"all be made o( re%ord) but (ailure to enter o( re%ord s"all not a((e%t validity o( 'ro%eedin&s

6! Cases under +C AO 246$79 ."einous %rimes) violations o( Intelle%tual Pro'erty Ri&"ts Law) t"ese %ases must be tried %ontinuously until terminated wit"in 94 days (rom %ommen%ement o( t"e trial and to be de%ided wit"in 34 days (rom t"e submission o( t"e %ase

Rules on arrai&nment 2! Trial in absentia may be %ondu%ted only a(ter valid arrai&nment

-! A%%used must 'ersonally a''ear durin& arrai&nment and enter "is 'lea .%ounsel %annot enter 'lea (or a%%used/

3! A%%used is 'resumed to "ave been validly arrai&ned in t"e absen%e o( 'roo( to t"e %ontrary

A"en arrai&nment is "eld wit"in a s"orter 'eriod 2! A"en a%%used is under 'reventive sus'ension) "is %ase s"ould be ra((led wit"in 3 days (rom (ilin& and a%%used

6! ,enerally) >ud&ment is void i( a%%used "ad not validly arrai&ned

6:

Remedial Law Review Notes under Atty Ferdinand Tan CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Notes by Paul Lemuel E! C"ave#

8! I( a%%used went into trial wit"out bein& arrai&ned) subse<uent arrai&nment will %ure t"e error 'rovided t"at t"e a%%used was able to 'resent eviden%e and %ross e0amine t"e witness o( t"e 'rose%ution durin& trial IF in(ormation is amended in substan%e w"i%" %"an&es t"e nature o( t"e o((ense) arrai&nment on t"e amended in(ormation is MANDATORG) e0%e't i( amendment is only as to (orm

over t"e 'erson o( t"e a%%used o Time o( 'enden%y o( motion to <uas") or (or bill o( 'arti%ulars) or ot"er %auses >usti(yin& sus'ension o( t"e arrai&nment) s"all be e0%luded in %om'utin& t"e 'eriod

A"en s"ould 'lea o( not &uilty be entered Plea $ Pertains to t"e matter w"i%" t"e a%%used) on "is arrai&nment) alle&es in answer to t"e %"ar&e a&ainst "im 2! A"en a%%used so 'leaded

-! A"en "e re(uses to 'lead

Period to 'lea $ A"en a%%used is under 'reventive detention) o ?is %ase s"all be ra((led and "its re%ords transmitted to t"e >ud&e to w"om t"e %ase is ra((led wit"in 3 days (rom t"e (ilin& o( t"e in(ormation or %om'laint and t"e a%%used arrai&ned wit"in 24 days (rom t"e date o( t"e ra((le T"e 're trial %on(eren%e o( "is %ase s"all be "eld wit"in 24 days a(ter arrai&nment 3! A"ere in admittin& t"e a%t %"ar&ed) "e sets u' matters o( de(ense or wit" law(ul >usti(i%ation

6! A"en "e enters a %onditional 'lea o( &uilty

8! A"ere) a(ter a 'lea o( &uilty) "e introdu%es eviden%e o( sel( de(ense or ot"er e0%ul'atory %ir%umstan%es

A"en a%%used is not under 'reventive detention) o Unless s"orter 'eriod is 'rovided by s'e%ial law or +C %ir%ular) Arrai&nment s"all be "eld wit"in 34 days (rom t"e date t"e %ourt a%<uires >urisdi%tion

9! A"en t"e ambi&uous

'lea

is

inde(inite

or

A%%used to 'ersonally enter "is 'lea No 'lea$ not &uilty Conditional 'lea$ not &uilty E0%ul'atory$ not &uilty

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Remedial Law Review Notes under Atty Ferdinand Tan CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Notes by Paul Lemuel E! C"ave#

Im'rovident 'lea later wit"drawn$ allowed) not admissible a&ainst admitter $ I( %a'ital o((ense at t"e time o( t"e a''li%ation (or bail) 'unis"able by RP) o ;ud&e may as* (or voluntariness o( said 'lea

T"e 'rivate o((ended 'arty s"all be re<uired to a''ear at t"e arrai&nment (or 'ur'oses o( $ $ $ Plea bar&ainin& Determination o( %ivil liability Ot"er matters re<uirin& "is 'resen%e

Un%onditional 'lea o( &uilt admits o( t"e %rime and all t"e attendant %ir%umstan%es alle&ed in t"e in(ormation in%ludin& t"e alle&ations o( %ons'ira%y and warrants o( >ud&ment o( %onvi%tion wit"out need o( (urt"er eviden%e) EHCEPT 2! A"ere t"e 'lea o( &uilty was %om'elled by violen%e or intimidation

In %ase o( (ailure o( o((ended 'arty to a''ear des'ite due noti%e) %ourt may allow a%%used to enter 'lea o( &uilty to a lesser o((ense w"i%" is ne%essarily in%luded in t"e o((ense %"ar&ed wit" t"e %on(ormity o( t"e trial 'rose%utor alone!

Duly noti(ied) a%%used (ailed to a''ear) $ Plea bar&ainin&) same in 're trial) e0%e'tion to double >eo'ardy

-! A"en a%%used did not (ully understand t"e meanin& and %onse<uen%e o( "is 'lea

PLEA 1AR,AININ, $ Pro%ess w"ereby t"e a%%used) o((ended 'arty) 'rose%ution wor* out a mutually satis(a%tory dis'osition o( t"e %ase sub>e%t to %ourt a''roval

3! A"ere t"e in(ormation is su((i%ient to sustain %onvi%tion o( t"e o((ense %"ar&ed

RULE+ $ A%%used may enter 'lea o( &uilty to lesser o((ense) 'rovided) o Consent o( o((ended 'arty and 'rose%utor to 'lea o( &uilty to a lesser o((ense w"i%" is ne%essarily in%luded in t"e o((ense %"ar&ed

6! A"ere t"e in(ormation does not %"ar&e an o((ense) any %onvi%tion t"ereunder bein& void

8! A"ere t"e %ourt "as no >urisdi%tion $ In %ase o( 'lea to lesser o((ense) t"e ;ud&e may allow t"e 'rose%ution to 'rovide eviden%e to determine t"e 'ro'er 'enalty! A(ter arrai&nment by be(ore trial o A%%used may still be allowed to 'lead &uilty to a lesser o((ense a(ter wit"drawin& "is 'lea o( not &uilty In t"is 'lea o( &uilty to a lesser o((ense) no amendment o( t"e

Rule 229 +2(

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Remedial Law Review Notes under Atty Ferdinand Tan CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Notes by Paul Lemuel E! C"ave#

%om'laint or ne%essary

in(ormation

is 3! Period w"en a%%used may invo*e 'resum'tion o( inno%en%e and be assured t"at "e need not say or do anyt"in& else

I( a%%used entered 'lea to a lesser o((ense wit"out %onsent o( o((ended 'arty and t"e 'rose%utor and t"e %onvi%ted) o ?is subse<uent %onvi%tion o( t"e %rime %"ar&ed would not 'la%e "im in double >eo'ardy

A"ere a''li%ableB .R22: +2/ In all %riminal %ases %o&ni#able by 2! +andi&anbayan

I( o((ended 'arty (ails to a''ear durin& arrai&nment) t"e %ourt may allow t"e a%%used to 'lead &uilty to a lesser o((ense wit" t"e %on(ormity o( t"e trial 'rose%utor alone

-! RTC 3! MTC 6! MuTC in Cities 8! MuTC

After arraign ent, the co!rt ac"!ires #!risdiction o$er the case

9! MCTC

A"enB After arraign ent, P!& "!%A/ R22: +2 A(ter arrai&nment and wit"in 34 days (rom t"e date t"e %ourt a%<uires >urisdi%tion over t"e 'erson o( t"e a%%used) unless a s"orter 'eriod is 'rovided (or in s'e%ial laws or %ir%ulars o( t"e +C

A pre trial is a mandatory %on(eren%e F 'ro%eedin& and 'ersonal %on(rontation be(ore t"e >ud&e between t"e 'arties and t"eir res'e%tive %ounsels Im'ortan%e o( Pre$Trial 2! It %overs not only t"e 'eriod te%"ni%ally de(ined in Rule 22: but also t"at 'eriod (rom (ilin& o( t"e in(ormation u' to t"e a%tual %ondu%t o( trial

Considerations in 're trial %on(eren%e R22: +2 $ Plea bar&ainin&

-! En%om'asses many le&al remedies su%" as (ilin& o( motion to <uas" .R225/) motion to su''ress eviden%e .R2-9 +6/) motion (or determination o( 'robable %ause .Rule 2-9/

+ti'ulation o( (a%ts

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Remedial Law Review Notes under Atty Ferdinand Tan CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Notes by Paul Lemuel E! C"ave#

Mar*in& (or identi(i%ation o( eviden%e o( t"e 'arties

-! Fa%ts sti'ulated 3! Eviden%e mar*ed +u%" order s"all)

Aaiver o( ob>e%tions to admissibility o( eviden%e

2! 1ind t"e 'arties -! Limit t"e trial to matters not dis'osed o(

Modi(i%ation o( t"e order o( trial i( t"e a%%used admits t"e %"ar&e but inter'oses a law(ul de(ense

3! Control %ourse o( a%tion durin& t"e trial a! Unless modi(ied by t"e %ourt to 'revent mani(est >usti%e .as amended) -446/

+u%" matters as will 'romote a (air and e0'editious trial o( t"e %ivil and %riminal as'e%ts o( t"e %ase

+-$ Pre Trial a&reement All a&reements or admissions made or entered durin& t"e 're trial %on(eren%e s"all be redu%ed in writin& and si&ned by t"e a%%used and %ounsel) ot"erwise) t"ey %annot be used a&ainst t"e a%%used! T"e a&reements %overin& t"e matters re(erred to in +2 o( t"is Rule s"all be a''lied

+3$ Non a''earan%e at t"e 're trial %on(eren%e I( %ounsel (or a%%used or 'rose%utor does not a''ear at t"e 're trial %on(eren%e and does not o((er an a%%e'table e0%use (or "is la%* o( %oo'eration) t"e %ourt may im'ose t"e 'ro'er san%tions and 'enalties

+6$ Pre Trial Order A(ter t"e 're trial %on(eren%e) t"e %ourt s"all ma*e an order re%itin& 2! A%tions ta*en

Pre rial in Criminal Pre rial in Civil Cases Cases $ 8andatory requirement After arraignment+ After the last pleading 'ithin 3( days from the asserting a claim has been date the court acquires ser!ed and filed 5urisdiction o!er the accused Rule 11: Rule 1: No pre trial brief %re trial brief is required to be filed and ser!ed $ounsel of accused and %arties and counsel are prosecutor are required required to appear to appear Non appearance may be e3cused only if !alid cause is sho'n+ or representati!e shall appear in behalf duly authori;ed in 'riting to enter into amicable settlement+ submit to A.R+ enter into stipulations of facts and of document 7ailure of counsel of 7ailure of plaintiff to accused or prosecutor to appear+ dismissal of the appear+ and 'ithout case 'ith pre5udice+ acceptable e3cuse for unless other'ise ordered lac9 of cooperation+ by the court court may impose proper sanctions or 7ailure of defendant to penalties appear+ plaintiff to present e!idence e3 parte %resence of pri!ate offended party is not

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Remedial Law Review Notes under Atty Ferdinand Tan CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Notes by Paul Lemuel E! C"ave#

required )as only required to appear at arraignment* %r< trial agreement is in 'riting+ signed by accused and counsel+ or else+ cannot be used against accused $onsiderations in pre trial conference> $ $ $ %lea bargaining Stipulation of facts 8ar9ing of identification of e!idence of the parties $ $ &ai!er of ob5ections to admissibility of e!idence 8odification of order of trial if accused admits the charge but interposes a la'ful defense Such matters as 'ill promote a fair and e3peditious trial of the criminal and ci!il aspects of the case $ Signed by parties and counsel )=* $

action should a !alid ground therefor be found to e3ist Ad!isability or necessity of suspending the proceedings Such other matters as may aid in the prompt disposition of the action

$onsiderations trial> $

in

pre

%ossibility of amicable settlement or submission to alternati!e modes of dispute resolution Simplification of the issues Necessity or desirability of amendments to the pleadings %ossibility obtaining stipulations admissions facts and documents a!oid unnecessary proof of or of of to

Criminal Cases are not subject of amicable settlement-mediation0 &EC&P": 2! 1P--

-! Civil liability arisin& (rom %rime

3! Esta(a

6! T"e(t

8! @uasi o((enses

?imitation on the number of 'itnesses Ad!isability of preliminary conference of issues to commissioner %ropriety of rendering 5udgment on the pleadings+ summary 5udgment+ dismissing the

9! Mediatable o((enses

Motion to amend 're trial order $ AllowedU i( &ranted) 're trial may be modi(ied a%%ordin&ly

A$" r Pr Trial, TRIAL

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Remedial Law Review Notes under Atty Ferdinand Tan CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Notes by Paul Lemuel E! C"ave#

Rule 227 in relation to Rule 23R227 +2 A(ter 'lea o( not &uilty is entered) a%%used s"all "ave at least 28 days to 're'are (or trial! T"e trial s"all %ommen%e wit"in 34 days (rom re%ei't o( t"e 're trial order! +Trial on%e %ommen%ed s"all %ontinue @ (rom day to day as (ar as 'ra%ti%able until terminated o It may be 'ost'oned (or a reasonable 'eriod o( time (or &ood %ause

in t"e 'ro'er %ase) t"e %ivil liability

b! T"e a%%used eviden%e @ @

may

'resent

to 'rove "is de(ense and dama&es) i( any) o arisin& (rom t"e issuan%e o( a 'rovisional remedy in t"e %ase

%!

T"e %ourt s"all) a(ter %onsultation wit" t"e 'rose%utor and de(ense %ounsel) $ set t"e %ause (or %ontinuous trial on $ a wee*ly or $ ot"er s"ort term trial %alendar at t"e earliest 'ossible time so as to ensure s'eedy trial In no %ase s"all t"e entire trial 'eriod e0%eed 2:4 days (rom t"e (irst day o( trial) e0%e't as ot"erwise aut"ori#ed by t"e +u'reme Court! T"e time limitations 'rovided under t"is +e%tion and t"e 're%edin& se%tion s"all not a''ly @ w"ere s'e%ial laws or %ir%ulars o( t"e +u'reme Court 'rovide (or a s"orter 'eriod o( trial @ @ @

T"e 'rose%ution and t"e de(ense may) in t"at order) 'resent

rebuttal and sur$rebuttal eviden%e unless o t"e %ourt) in (urt"eran%e o( >usti%e) 'ermits t"em to 'resent additional eviden%e bearin& u'on t"e main issue

d! U'on admission o( t"e eviden%e o( t"e 'arties) t"e %ase s"all be deemed submitted (or de%ision o unless t"e %ourt dire%ts t"em to ar&ue orally or to submit written 'ro'a&anda

+22$ Order o( Trial T"e trial s"all 'ro%eed in t"e (ollowin& order

e! A"en t"e a%%used admits t"e a%t or omission %"ar&ed in t"e %om'laint or in(ormation but inter'oses a law(ul de(ense) @ t"e order o( trial may be modi(ied

a! T"e 'rose%ution s"all 'resent @ eviden%e to 'rove t"e %"ar&e) and)

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Remedial Law Review Notes under Atty Ferdinand Tan CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Notes by Paul Lemuel E! C"ave#

RULE 222 +2 in Relation to RULE 23-$ ORDER OF TRIAL T"is order is to be (ollowed) e0%e't in %ase o( @ inverted or reverse trial) in %ase o( law(ul de(ense) w"ere a%%used 'resents (irst

u'on demurrer to eviden%e (iled by a%%used wit" or wit"out leave o( %ourt

I( t"e %ourt denies demurrer to eviden%e (iled wit" leave o( %ourt) @ a%%used may addu%e eviden%e in "is de(ense

%ourtKs own dis%retion

A"en demurrer to eviden%e is (iled wit"out leave o( %ourt) @ 12 Prosecution<s &vidence in Chief a%%used waives ri&"t to 'resent eviden%e and submits t"e %ase (or >ud&ment on t"e basis o( eviden%e (or t"e 'rose%ution

Prove body o( t"e in(ormation) t"e a%ts or omissionKs %om'lained o(

Dire%t E0amination Cross E0amination Re Dire%t E0amination Re Cross E0amination Formal O((er Comment F Ob>e%tion to O((er O((er o( admission F Tender o( E0%luded Eviden%e Restin& o( t"e %ase A(ter 'lainti(( rests "is %ase) A%%used may move (or demurrer to eviden%e .R227 +-3/ R227 +-3$ DEMURRER TO ECIDENCE A(ter t"e 'rose%ution rests its %ase) %ourt may dismiss t"e a%tion on t"e &round o( insu((i%ien%y o( eviden%e @ on its own initiative) a(ter &ivin& t"e 'rose%ution an o''ortunity to be "eard OR

T"e motion (or leave o( %ourt to (ile demurrer to eviden%e s"all s'e%i(i%ally state its &rounds and s"all be (iled wit"in a non e0tendible 'eriod o( 8 days a(ter t"e 'rose%ution rests its %ase! T"e 'rose%ution may o''ose t"e motion wit"in a non$e0tendible 'eriod o( 8 days (rom its re%ei't! T"e order denyin& t"e motion (or leave o( %ourt to (ile demurrer to eviden%e or t"e demurrer itsel( s"all not be reviewable by a''eal or %ertiorari be(ore >ud&ment

.emurrer to e!idence in $i!il %rocedure Rule 33 No lea!e of court required

.emurrer to e!idence in $riminal %rocedure Rule 119 S23 &ith or 'ithout lea!e of court f 'ith lea!e of court+ accused could present e!idence if demurrer is denied f 'ithout lea!e of court+ accused could not present e!idence if demurrer is denied f court finds that prosecutionAs e!idence is insufficient+ demurrer granted+ accused is

f court finds that e!idence is insufficient )plaintiff has sho'n no right to relief*+ complaint

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Remedial Law Review Notes under Atty Ferdinand Tan CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Notes by Paul Lemuel E! C"ave#

dismissed as demurrer is granted

acquitted 4udgment of acquittal not appealable+ hence+ .4 sets in 4udgment of acquittal is not appealableB .4 sets in

to be (iled wit"in a NON EHTENDI1LE PERIOD o( C +A5S a(ter t"e 'rose%ution rests its %ase o .Prose%ution may o''ose t"e motion wit"in a 'eriod o( 8 DAG+ non e0tendible 'eriod) (rom its re%ei't/

4udgment of dismissal is appealable f demurrer is granted but on appeal+ order of dismissal is re!ersed+ defendant is deemed to ha!e 'ai!ed the right to present e!idence )N2 res 5udicata in dismissal due to demurrer* %laintiff files motion to deny motion due to demurrer to e!idence f court denies demurrer+ defendant 'ill present e!idence

+&#*!!&! "O &,%+&NC&: @ I( leave o( %ourt is &ranted) demurrer to be (iled wit"in a NON EHTENDI1LE PERIOD o( 1B +A5S (rom noti%e o .Prose%ution may o''ose wit"in a similar 'eriod (rom re%ei't/

$ourt may motu proprio deny motion f court denies demurrer+ &ith ?o$@ accused may present e!idence &"2 ?o$@ accused can no longer present e!idence and submits case for decision based on prosecutionAs e!idence

"he order denying motion for leave of court to file demurrer to evidence or demurrer itself0 @ +"all not be reviewable by a''eal or by %ertiorari be(ore >ud&ment

In order to (ile demurrer to eviden%e) (ile motion (or leave o( %ourt to (ile demurrer to eviden%e) and atta%" t"e demurrer to eviden%e @ i( t"e demurrer to eviden%e is not atta%"ed) it would be %onsidered as demurrer wit"out leave o( %ourt) "en%e) waiver o( 'resentation o( eviden%e by a%%used i( demurrer is denied) and %ase submitted (or >ud&ment on basis o( eviden%e o( t"e 'rose%ution

4&NC&0 in such a case0 what will be your remedy @ Pro%eed wit" t"e trial) in %ase o( adverse de%ision) (ile an a''eal) assi&nin& as error t"e order denyin& t"e motion (or leave o( %ourt to (ile demurrer to eviden%e or t"e demurrer itsel(

Can "here be demurrer to evidence in summary procedure GE+! It is not a 'ro"ibited 'leadin&

#otion for leave of court to file demurrer to evidence:

I( demurrer is denied) A%%used must 'resent eviden%e in %"ie(

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Remedial Law Review Notes under Atty Ferdinand Tan CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Notes by Paul Lemuel E! C"ave#

IF DEMURRER TO ECIDENCE is AIT? LEACE OF COURT) @ Case is already (or >ud&ment

%"ar&ed and t"e im'osition on "im o( t"e 'ro'er 'enalty and %ivil liability i( any! It must be @ @ written in t"e o((i%ial lan&ua&e) 'ersonally and dire%tly 're'ared by t"e >ud&e and si&ned by "im s"all %ontain %learly and distin%tly a statement o( t"e (a%ts and t"e law u'on w"i%" it is based

72 Accused<s &vidence in Chief Dire%t E0amination Cross E0amination Re Dire%t E0amination Re Cross E0amination @ @

J*+)#&N" CAN &%"4&! .&: 82 !ebuttal Conviction or Ac@uittal .Rule 2-4 +-$ %ontents o( >ud&ment/ +TATE T?E FOLLOAIN, 62 'ormal Offer For CONCICTION .a%%used still "as remedies/ @ C2 Surrebuttal le&al <uali(i%ation o( o((ense %onstituted by t"e a%ts %ommitted by a%%used) a&&ravatin& or miti&atin& %ir%umstan%es w"i%" attended its %ommission

D2 'ormal Offer

=2 #emorandum

'arti%i'ation o( a%%used in t"e o((ense) w"et"er as 'rin%i'al) a%%om'li%e) a%%essory

>2 J*+)#&N" @ %&DGMENT Rule 2-4 Judgment R2-4 +2 ;ud&ment is t"e Ad>udi%ation o( t"e %ourt t"at t"e a%%used is &uilty or not &uilty o( t"e o((ense @ %ivil liability (or dama&es %aused by wron&(ul a%t or omission to be re%overed (rom a%%used by a%%used (rom t"e o((ended 'arty) i( t"ere is any 'enalty im'osed u'on t"e a%%used

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Remedial Law Review Notes under Atty Ferdinand Tan CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Notes by Paul Lemuel E! C"ave#

UNLE++) t"e en(or%ement o( %ivil liability by a se'arate %ivil a%tion "as been reserved or waived

I( t"e a%%used is %on(ined or detained in anot"er 'rovin%e or %ity) t"e >ud&ment may be 'romul&ated @ by t"e e0e%utive >ud&e o( t"e Re&ional Trial Court "avin& >urisdi%tion over t"e 'la%e o( %on(inement or detention o u'on t"e re<uest o( t"e %ourt w"i%" rendered t"e >ud&ment T"e %ourt 'romul&atin& t"e >ud&ment s"all "ave aut"ority to

For AC@UITTAL .no more remedy (or 'rose%utionU %ant a''eal t"e %riminal as'e%t anymore/ @ A"et"er t"e 'rose%ution eviden%e o( t"e

Absolutely (ailed to 'rove &uilt o( t"e a%%used or

@ @

a%%e't t"e noti%e o( a''eal and to a''rove t"e bail bond 'endin& a''eal

Provided) t"at i( t"e de%ision o( t"e trial %ourt o Merely (ailed to 'rove "is &uilt beyond reasonable doubt %onvi%tin& t"e a%%used @ %"an&ed t"e nature o( t"e o((ense (rom non$bailable to bailable) o t"e a''li%ation (or bail %an only be (iled and resolved by t"e a''ellate %ourt

In eit"er %ase) >ud&ment s"all determine i( t"e a%t or omission (rom w"i%" t"e %ivil liability mi&"t arise did not e0ist!

Promulgation of Judgment :!17B SD;: IMPORTANT Par 2 T"e >ud&ment is 'romul&ated by readin& it in t"e 'resen%e o( t"e a%%used and any >ud&e o( t"e %ourt in w"i%" it was rendered! ?owever) i( t"e %onvi%tion is (or a li&"t o((ense) t"e >ud&ment may be 'ronoun%ed in t"e 'resen%e o( "is %ounsel o( re'resentative! A"en t"e >ud&e is absent or outside t"e 'rovin%e or %ity) t"e >ud&ment may be 'romul&ated by t"e %ler* o( %ourt!

T"e 'ro'er %ler* o( %ourt s"all &ive noti%e to t"e a%%used @ @ @ 'ersonally or t"rou&" "is bondsman or warden and %ounsel)

re<uirin& "im to be 'resent at t"e 'romul&ation o( t"e de%ision I( t"e a%%used was tried in absentia be%ause @ @ "e >um'ed bail or es%a'ed (rom 'rison) o t"e noti%e to "im s"all be served at "is last *nown address

O"4&! PA!S:

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Remedial Law Review Notes under Atty Ferdinand Tan CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Notes by Paul Lemuel E! C"ave#

&ffect of non appearance by accused: In %ase t"e a%%used (ails to a''ear at t"e s%"eduled date o( 'romul&ation o( >ud&ment des'ite noti%e) @ t"e 'romul&ation s"all be made o o by re%ordin& t"e >ud&ment in t"e %riminal do%*et and servin& "im a %o'y t"ereo( at "is last *nown address or t"ru "is %ounsel "owever) t"e a%%used may I( t"e >ud&ment is @ @ (or %onvi%tion and t"e (ailure o( t"e a%%used to a''ear was wit"out >usti(iable %ause) o "e s"all lose t"e remedies available in t"ese Rules a&ainst t"e >ud&ment and o "owever) @ t"e a%%used may o o surrender and (ile a motion (or leave o( %ourt to avail o( t"ese remedies ?e s"all state t"e reasons (or "is absen%e at t"e s%"eduled 'romul&ation and @ i( "e 'roves t"at "is absen%e was (or a >usti(iable %ause) o "e s"all be allowed to avail o( said remedies wit"in 28 days (rom noti%e %s there trial in absentia in a civil case GE+! It is *nown as 'ro%eedin&s a(ter ORDER OF DEFAULT was issued! A"erein) 'lainti(( is allowed to 'resent eviden%e e0 'arte) and t"e %ourt s"all &rant ;UD,MENT OF DEFAULT based on eviden%e 'resented by 'lainti(( e0 'arte I( a%%used 'osted bondFbail) but (ailed to a''ear at t"e trial) @ T"ere s"all be TRIAL IN A1+ENTIA .R226 in relation to R227/ t"e %ourt s"all order "is arrest Ait"in 28 days (rom 'romul&ation o( >ud&ment) ?e s"all state t"e reasons (or "is absen%e at t"e s%"eduled 'romul&ation and i( "e 'roves t"at "is absen%e was (or a >usti(iable %ause) @ "e s"all be allowed to avail o( said remedies wit"in 28 days (rom noti%e @ @ surrender and (ile a motion (or leave o( %ourt to avail o( t"ese remedies Ait"in 28 days (rom 'romul&ation o( >ud&ment) @ I( t"e >ud&ment is (or %onvi%tion and t"e (ailure o( t"e a%%used to a''ear was wit"out >usti(iable %ause) @ "e s"all lose t"e remedies available in t"ese Rules a&ainst t"e >ud&ment and t"e %ourt s"all order "is arrest

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Remedial Law Review Notes under Atty Ferdinand Tan CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Notes by Paul Lemuel E! C"ave#

Note t"e (ollowin& rules C?ILD AITNE++ EHAMINATION RULE @ @ Leadin& <uestions are allowed C"ild witness is aided by (a%ilitator

+2$ at any time be(ore >ud&ment or %onvi%tion be%omes (inal) t"e %ourt may) on motion o( a%%used or at its own instan%e but wit" %onsent o( a%%used) &rant re%onsideration or new trial

#otion for reconsideration :!171; +EHUAL +?IELD A1U+E RULE $ @uestions on se0ual 'redis'osition o( a minor witness is inadmissible in eviden%e o EHCEPT I( tendin& to 'rove sour%e o( semen I( <uestion re(ers to in>uries sustained by said minor witness ,rounds .+3/ @ @ Errors o( law OR Errors o( (a%t o In t"e >ud&ment

Pre<uires no (urt"er 'ro%eedin&s M!" of #udgment of conviction in criminal cases Rule 121 .one 1/ days before 5udgment becomes final -rounds> errors of la' or fact in the 5udgment M!" of final #udgment in civil cases Rule 37 .one 'ithin the period for ta9ing an appeal )1/ or 3(+ as the case may be* -rounds> @ .amages a'arded e3cessi!e are

;UCENILE+ IN CONFLICT AIT? T?E LAA F ;UCENILE DELIN@UENCG $ Provides (or diversion 'ro&ram) (or t"e %"ildKs re"abilitation

@ !&#&+%&S .&'O!& J*+)#&N" .&CO#&S '%NA/ AN+ &E&C*"O!5: @ @ @ @ Motion (or re%onsideration .R2-2/ Motion (or new trial .R2-2/ Reo'enin& o( trial .R227 +-6/ A''eal R2-- in relation to R64$6-) 68/ @

6!idence is insufficienty to 5ustify the decision or final order .ecision or final order is contrary to la'

Periods wit"in w"i%" to avail o( M6R) MNT) A''eal 28 days be(ore >ud&ment be%omes (inal .%ounted (rom 'romul&ation LBM o( >ud&ment/ NOTE (res" 'eriod rule a''lies in %ase o( M6R or MNT) %ounted (rom denial o( M6R or MNT

#otion for new "rial :!171; ,rounds .+-/ @ Errors o( law or irre&ularities 're>udi%ial to t"e substantial ri&"ts o( t"e a%%used "ave been %onvi%ted durin& t"e trial

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Remedial Law Review Notes under Atty Ferdinand Tan CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Notes by Paul Lemuel E! C"ave#

T"at new and material eviden%e "as been dis%overed w"i%" a%%used %ould not "ave wit" reasonable dili&en%e "ave dis%overed and 'rodu%ed at t"e trial and w"i%" i( introdu%ted and admitted would 'robable %"an&e t"e result

eviden%e) t"e motions must be su''orted by a((idavits o( witnesses by w"om su%" eviden%e is e0'e%ted to be &iven or by duly aut"enti%ated %o'ies o( do%uments w"i%" are 'ro'osed to be introdu%ed in eviden%e! Noti%e o( t"e motion (or new trial or re%onsideration s"all be &iven to t"e 'rose%utor

Motion for $e% rial in Criminal Cases Rule 121 1/ days before 5udgment becomes final -rounds> @ 6rrors of la' or irregularities pre5udicial to the substantial rights of the accused ha!e been con!icted during the trial 1hat ne' and material e!idence has been disco!ered 'hich accused could not ha!e 'ith reasonable diligence ha!e disco!ered and produced at the trial and 'hich if introducted and admitted 'ould probable change the result

Motion for $e% rial in Civil Cases Rule 37 &ithin the period for ta9ing an appeal )1/ or 3( depending* -rounds> @ 7A86 'hich ordinary prudence could not ha!e guarded against and by reason of 'hich such aggrie!ed party has probably been impaired in his rights+ or Ne'ly disco!ered e!idence+'hich he could not+ 'ith reasonable diligence+ ha!e disco!ered and produced at the trial+ and 'hich if presented 'ould probably alter the result

+8$ ?earin& on motion A"ere a motion (or new trial %alls (or resolution o( any <uestion o( (a%t) t"e %ourt may "ear eviden%e t"ereon by a((idavits or ot"erwise!

+9$ E((e%ts o( re%onsideration

&rantin&

new

trial

or

T"e e((e%ts o( &rantin& a new re%onsideration are t"e (ollowin&

trial

or

a! A"en a new trial is &ranted on t"e &round o( errors o( law or irre&ularities %ommitted durin& t"e trial) all t"e 'ro%eedin&s and eviden%e a((e%ted t"ereby s"all be set aside and ta*en anew! T"e %ourt may) in t"e interest o( >usti%e) allow t"e introdu%tion o( additional eviden%e

b! A"en a new trial is &ranted on t"e &round o( newly dis%overed eviden%e) t"e eviden%e already addu%ed s"all stand and t"e newly dis%overed and su%" ot"er eviden%e as t"e %ourt may) in t"e interest o( >usti%e) allow to be introdu%ed s"all be ta*en and %onsidered to&et"er wit" t"e eviden%e already in t"e re%ord

Ot"er 'rovisions +6$ Form o( motion and noti%e to t"e 'rose%utor T"e motion (or new trial or re%onsideration s"all be in writin& and s"all state t"e &rounds on w"i%" it is based! I( based on newly dis%overed %! In all %ases) w"en t"e %ourt &rants new trial or re%onsideration) t"e ori&inal >ud&ment s"all be set aside or va%ated

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Remedial Law Review Notes under Atty Ferdinand Tan CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Notes by Paul Lemuel E! C"ave#

and a new a%%ordin&ly!

>ud&ment

rendered

con!iction becomes final

before finality of 5udgment of con!ictionB 2nly after either or both the parties ha!e formally offered and closed their e!idence before 5udgment $ontrolled by no rules pro!ided for+ but by paramount interests of 5ustice resting entirely of sound discretion of trial court+ the e3ercise of 'hich discretion 'ill not be re!ie'ed on appeal CN?6SS clear abuse thereof is sho'n

!&OP&N%N) O' "!%A/ :!ule 11G S76; R227 +-6 At any time be(ore (inality o( t"e >ud&ment o( %onvi%tion) t"e >ud&e may) motu 'ro'rio or u'on motion) wit" "earin& in eit"er %ase) reo'en t"e 'ro%eedin&s to avoid mis%arria&e o( >usti%e! T"e 'ro%eedin&s s"all be terminated wit"in 34 days (rom t"e order &rantin& it!
Based on specific grounds

.T"e se%ond time t"is %on%e't is mentioned) is as a 'ro"ibited 'leadin& under t"e Rules on +ummary Pro%edure!/

Com'are t"e (ollowin& remedies in %riminal %ases


Motion for $e% rial 6rrors of la' or irregularities pre5udicial to the substantial rights of the accused ha!e been con!icted during the trial 1hat ne' and material e!idence has been disco!ered 'hich accused could not ha!e 'ith reasonable diligence ha!e disco!ered and produced at the trial and 'hich if introducted and admitted 'ould probable change the result 8ade at any time before 5udgment of At any time Motion for "econsideration -R2CN.S> 6rrors of la' or facts in the 5udgment Motion for "eo&ening of rial Admission additional e!idence of

I( 'enalty is not D 9 years) PRO1ATION LAA APPLIE+ .+ee Criminal Law/

Note t"at a(ter t"e (ilin& o( in(ormation u' to be(ore >ud&ment) PROCI+IONAL REMEDIE+ CAN 1E ACAILED .Rule 2-5 in relation to Rules 85$92/ Rule 2-5 +2$ Availability o( 'rovisional remedies T"e 'rovisional remedies in %ivil a%tions) inso(ar as t"ey are a''li%able) may be availed o( in %onne%tion wit" t"e %ivil a%tion deemed instituted wit" t"e %riminal a%tion! LIJE @ @ @ @ Preliminary atta%"ment Preliminary in>un%tion .and TRO/ Re%eivers"i' Re'levin

9-

Remedial Law Review Notes under Atty Ferdinand Tan CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Notes by Paul Lemuel E! C"ave#

+u''ort 'endente lite

+-$ Atta%"ment A"en %ivil a%tion is 'ro'erly instituted in t"e %riminal a%tion as 'rovided in Rule 222) t"e o((ended 'arty may "ave t"e 'ro'erty o( a%%used atta%"ed as se%urity (or t"e satis(a%tion o( any >ud&ment t"at may be re%overed (rom t"e a%%used in t"e (( %ases @ A"en a%%used is about to abs%ond (rom t"e P"ili''ines

w"en a%%used resides outside o( t"e P"ili''ines

Appeal :!ule 177 in relation to !ules 6BH670 6C0 and applying the Sandiganbayan /aw; Cases decided by #"C in the e3ercise of its original jurisdiction:
Notice of Appeal .R2-- in relation to R64/ wit"in 28 days (rom noti%e o( >ud&ment Petition for !eview .Rule 2-- in relation to R6-/ wit"in 28 days (rom noti%e o( >ud&ment

A"en %riminal a%tion is based on a %laim (or money or 'ro'erty embe##led or (raudulently misa''lied or %onverted to t"e use o( t"e a%%used w"o is

MTC RTC

o o o o o o o

a 'ubli% o((i%er) o((i%er o( a %or'oration) attorney) (a%tor) bro*er) a&ent) %ler*) in t"e %ourse o( "is em'loyment as su%") or

#6!

#6!

CA

Petition for review on Certiorari .Rule 68/ wit"in 28 days

#6! !ule C7

+C

+C #O"%ON 'O! !&CONS%+&!A"%O N wit"in 28 days .Rule 8-/

by any ot"er 'erson in a (idu%iary %a'a%ity) or (or a wil(ul violation o( duty

.Note Parties are re<uired to (ile memorandum o( a''eal/ Cases decided by !"C in the e3ercise of its original jurisdiction:

w"en a%%used "as %on%ealed) removed) or dis'osed o( "is 'ro'erty) or is about to do so) and

RTC

CA

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Remedial Law Review Notes under Atty Ferdinand Tan CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Notes by Paul Lemuel E! C"ave#

Notice of Appeal .R2-- in relation to R64/ wit"in 28 days (rom noti%e o( >ud&ment #6! !ule C7

Cases decided by the #"C involving Public Officers Salary )rade 7D and lower :penalty I D years;

+C

Notice of Appeal .R2-- in relation to R64/ wit"in 28 days (rom noti%e o( >ud&ment

Petition for !eview .Rule 2-- in relation to R6-/ wit"in 28 days (rom noti%e o( >ud&ment

Petition for review on Certiorari .Rule 68/ wit"in 28 days

MTC
+C #O"%ON 'O! !&CONS%+&!A"%O N wit"in 28 days .Rule 8-/

RTC
#6! #6!
P+ANDI,AN1AG AN

Appellant<s .rief re@uired :6C days;0 e3cept in automatic review0 unless otherwise decided
Petition for review on Certiorari .Rule 68/ wit"in 28 days

#6! !ule C7

A*"O#A"%C !&,%&(0 in case Penalty is !P

+C

RTC
+C #O"%ON 'O! !&CONS%+&!A"%O N wit"in 28 days .Rule 8-/

CA

+C

+C #O"%ON 'O! !&CONS%+&!A"%O N wit"in 28 days .Rule 8-/

Note t"at in t"e Court o( A''eals) t"e +tate is re'resented by t"e Office of the Solicitor )eneral!

Cases decided by !"C involving Public Officers Salary )rade 7D and lower :penalty J D years;

RTC

P+ANDI,AN1AGAN
Notice of Appeal .R2-- in relation to R64/ wit"in 28 days (rom noti%e o( >ud&ment

96

Remedial Law Review Notes under Atty Ferdinand Tan CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Notes by Paul Lemuel E! C"ave#

+C
#6! !ule C7

+C #O"%ON 'O! !&CONS%+&!A"%O N wit"in 28 days .Rule 8-/

Petition for review on Certiorari .Rule 68/ wit"in 28 days

+C #O"%ON 'O! !&CONS%+&!A"%O N wit"in 28 days .Rule 8-/

NOTE In all t"e above %ases) a''eal %an be wit"drawn (or 'ur'ose o( PA!+ON

Automatic !eview0 in case penalty is !P

!&#&+%&+ A'"&! J*+)#&N" O' CON,%C"%ON 4AS .&CO#& '%NA/ AN+ &E&C*"O!5 .relate to Rule 37/ @ sus'ended servi%e o( senten%e .54 years o( a&e) 're&nant) or a minor "i&"er t"an 28 not "i&"er t"an 2:) "i&"er t"an 2: not "i&"er t"an -2/

RTC

P+ANDI,AN1AGAN

+C

+C #O"%ON 'O! !&CONS%+&!A"%O N wit"in 28 days .Rule 8-/

'robation

'ardon

lower senten%e (or &ood be"aviour

Certiorari Rule 98 on t"e &round o( denial o( due 'ro%ess

Sandiganbayan0 in the e3ercise of Original Jurisdiction:

+andi&anbayan

.NOTE ?indi *asama TATAJA+) PUPU,A!!! P /

Petition for review on Certiorari .Rule 68/ wit"in 28 days

+C

'%NA/0 A++%"%ONA/ NO"&S ON C!%#%NA/ P!OC&+*!&:

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Remedial Law Review Notes under Atty Ferdinand Tan CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Notes by Paul Lemuel E! C"ave#

Modes o( dis%overy in 'reliminary investi&ation) @ MERON

Alternative dis'ute resolutions .(or <ui%* e0'editin& 'ro%eedin&s/ are allowed in Pre Trial under t"e Rules on +ummary Pro%edure) 'rovided) t"e issue is MEDIATA1LE

Discharge of 'itness Rule 119 S7 7iled before prosecution rests its case Applies to any offense mmunity is granted by court &itness so discharged must still apply for en5oyment of said rights and benefits in the .24 &itness is charged in court as one of accused as stated in the information $harges against him shall be dropped+ and the same operates as an acquittal

'itness Protection Program .24 Rules 7iled before the filing of the criminal complaint or information Applies to gra!e offenses only mmunity is granted by .24 &itness is automatically entitled to certain rights and benefits &itness need not be charged else'here No information may thus be filed against the 'itness

Di((erentiate Mista*e in %"ar&in& 'ro'er o((ense vs Lesser Penalty) Lesser O((ense

1 +A5 1 (%"N&SS !*/&

99

Remedial Law Review Notes under Atty Ferdinand Tan CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Notes by Paul Lemuel E! C"ave#

I( t"e a%%used is not brou&"t to trial wit"in t"e 'res%ribed 'eriod) T"e %ase a&ainst t"e a%%used s"all be dismissed motu 'ro'rio or by virtue o( motion to dismiss! .+PEEDG TRIAL ACT/

95

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