I. As more English settlers arrived and pushed inland into the Connecticut River valley, the
fights between Indians and Whites got worse and more frequent.
a. In 1637- English settlers annihilate Pequot tribe. After this there were 4 years of
uneasy peace between the Puritans and the Indians.
b. Puritans tried to convert remaining Indians to Christianity- didn’t care as much as
Catholics from France and Spain but got a few converts.
c. 1675- Metacom forged an alliance with King Phillip then attacked fifty-two Puritan
towns (many villages in New England) and destroyed 12.
i. Called King Phillip’s War
ii. Frontier settlements were hit the hardest
iii.People that survived ran to Boston for safety
iv.Hundreds of colonists died, but more Indians died
v.Metacom’s wife and son were sent into slavery and he was beheaded.
His head was carried on a pike to Plymouth to be displayed for years
d. After king Phillip’s war the Indians were much less in number and were
dispirited therefore only posed threats rarely
III. 1686- Dominion of New England was created by royal authority in England (imposed
from London unlike homegrown confederation)
a. Included all New England & later on- New York and east and west Jersey.
b. Wanted to strengthen colonial defense in case of a war with Indians (looked like
the parliament had concern for the public good)
c. Purpose was to prevent states from having trade with other countries (not ruled
by English crown) colonists became great at smuggling goods
d. Sir Edmund Andros became head of dominion
i. A smart English military man diligent, hard-working
ii. Didn’t care about the colonists
iii.Was open about his affiliation with the despised Church of England
people didn’t like him
iv.Laid heavy restrictions on the courts, press and schools
v.Revoked all land titles
vi.Taxed people without representation
vii.Strove to support Navigation Laws and suppress smuggling
e. Glorious (Bloodless) Revolution (1688-1689) in England
i. Catholic James II was removed from throne and Protestant ruler William
III and his wife Mart became king and queen.
ii.News reached America Dominion collapsed. A Boston mob rose
against the existing govt. Sir Edmund tried to escape but they caught him
and shipped him to England
f. Massachusetts did not actually gain from this change.
i. 1691- became a royal colony old charter officially removed
ii. Got a new royal governor
iii.Voting was only allowed by qualified male property owners—no longer
monopoly of church members
g. Other colonies wanted to strike against royal authority in America. After period of
unrest in NY and Maryland (1689-91) newly appointed royal governors restored
some order.
h. New monarchs started a period of “salutary neglect”- Navigation Laws became
weakly enforced.
i. More English officials—judges, clerks, custom officials were sent from England to
staff America.
i. They were incompetent, corrupt, did not care about American affairs
ii. Sent by influential patrons in England
iii.Prevented Americans from rising to positions of political power.
IV. Oppressed people in Netherlands revolted against Catholic Spain with help of Protestant
England. They won their independence in the late seventeen hundreds.
-Seventeenth century was golden age in Dutch history.
a. It emerged as a naval and commercial power
b. Ungratefully challenged the supremacy of England (who helped them)
c. Anglo- Dutch naval wars were fought.
d. Dutch Republic became a leading colonial power with greatest activities in the
East Indies. Maintained an enormous and profitable empire there for over 300
years.
e. Dutch East India Company was huge and powerful
f. Employed English explorer Henry Hudson to make them more money
g. He explored Delaware Bay and New York Bay in 1609.
h. Dutch West India Company was much less powerful but still made $
i. Had enterprises in the Caribbean
ii. More interested in raiding (stealing from Spanish ships) than trading
iii.Had outposts in Africa
iv.Had a thriving sugar industry in Brazil
v.Established New Netherland in the Hudson River area.
1. Was made for quick-profit fur trade—didn’t really care about the
land
2. Bought Manhattan Island from Indians practically for free
(awesome investment)
3. New Amsterdam (later NYC) was a company town: run by/for
Dutch company in the interest of stockholders
a. Investors had no enthusiasm for:
i. religious toleration
ii. Free speech
iii.Democratic practices
b. Quakers were abused for a while as well as people who
opposed the official Dutch Reformed Church.
c. Local body (limited law-making power) was made in
response to protests
d. Was very aristocratic
i. Had vast feudal estates facing the Hudson river
(called patroonships)
1. They were granted to people who agreed to
settle 50 people there.
2. Each was a little bigger than Rhode Island.
e. Had many diverse groups of people living there
IX. The Middle Colonies- New York, New Jersey, Delaware, Pennsylvania
a. Had fertile soil and broad land without a lot of rocks- were called “bread colonies”
because of their heavy exports of grain
b. Had rivers- good for fur-trade, beckoned adventuresome spirits to come, but
didn’t have enough waterfalls to have water-wheel power.
c. Was the intermediate between New England and the Southern Colonies
i. Except in NY (aristocratic) landholding were intermediate in size (smaller
than those in the South and bigger than in NE)
ii. Government was less personal than in NE but more close knit than in
South
iii.Had fewer industries than in NE but more than in the South
d. Had most ethnically diverse populations
e. Had an unusual degree of religious tolerance and democracy (thanks to the
Quakers)
f. Benjamin Franklin was a child of the middle colonies (born in Boston but came to
life in Philadelphia when he was 17)
X. Populations in the colonies were growing quickly. Transportation and communication
were gradually improving. They ran their own governments and churches, for the most
part. They had intercolonial trade. Americans realized that they were not merely
surviving while being far from their mother country, but they were thriving.